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Foundations of Data and Digital Journalism
by Alex RichardsThis accessible, step-by-step guide is written for students and working professionals who want to better understand data journalism, web design, and the visualization of information. Foundations of Data and Digital Journalism recognizes a growing need for general data knowledge in newsrooms across the globe, including an understanding of what’s possible for both data reporting and presentation and how it can be achieved. It serves as a roadmap for students and working journalists who seek to understand what data is and how to find it; how to harness it most effectively for news; how to think critically about analysis results, potential shortcomings in the data, and the inclusion of appropriate context; and how to present compelling, data-driven stories online. Interviews with a diverse range of current practitioners help the reader gain a deeper understanding of how these tools and techniques are used in digitally focused newsrooms today. Taking a holistic approach to data journalism, this book enables readers to: ● Assess a data set with a critical eye, understanding what it shows, how it was created, and for what purpose. ● Master prominent and easily accessible software tools, including Google Sheets and R. ● Translate findings and conclusions into plain English for a news audience without overstating what the data can show or being misleading. ● Create impactful, attractive visualizations for an audience to explore. ● Understand how the modern web works, including HTML5, CSS3, and responsive webpage frameworks, like Bootstrap. This is an ideal textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate journalism students and for working professionals looking to expand their skillset. The book is supported with online student resources, including example datasets to support the material covered, available at Routledge.com.
Foundations of Global Communication: A Conceptual Handbook
by Kai Hafez Anne GrüneThis book provides a wide-ranging theoretical and empirical overview of the disparate achievements and shortcomings of global communication. This exceptionally ambitious and systematic project takes a critical perspective on the globalization of communication. Uniquely, it sets media globalization alongside a plethora of other globalized forms of communication, ranging from the individual to groups, civil society groupings, commercial enterprises and political formations. The result is a sophisticated and impressive overview of globalized communication across various facets, assessing the phenomena for the extent to which they live up to the much-hyped claims of globalization’s potential to create a globally interdependent society. The setbacks of globalization, such as right-wing populism and religious fundamentalism, can only be understood if the shortcomings of global communication are taken more seriously. Covering all types of cross-border global communication in media, political and economic systems, civil societies, social media and lifeworlds of the individual, this unique book is invaluable for students and researchers in media, communication, globalization and related areas.
Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television
by Jerry Mander“Persuasive . . . interesting and unusual.” —Kirkus ReviewsA total departure from previous writing about television, this book is the first ever to advocate that the medium is not reformable. Its problems are inherent in the technology itself and are so dangerous—to personal health and sanity, to the environment, and to democratic processes—that TV ought to be eliminated forever.Weaving personal experiences with meticulous research, the author ranges widely over aspects of television that have rarely been examined and never before joined together, allowing an entirely new, frightening image to emerge. The idea that all technologies are neutral, benign instruments that can be used well or badly is thrown open to profound doubt. Speaking of TV reform is, in the words of the author, “as absurd as speaking of the reform of a technology such as guns.”Praise for the work of Jerry Mander“Lively, provocative.” —Publishers Weekly“A skilled writer.” —Kirkus Reviews (starred review)
Four Dichotomies in Spanish: Adjective Position, Adjectival Clauses, Ser/Estar, and Preterite/Imperfect
by Luis H. GonzálezExamining four dichotomies in Spanish, this book shows how to reduce the six to ten rules common in textbooks for each contrast to a single binary distinction. That distinction is a form of totality vs. part, easier to see in some of the dichotomies, but present in all of them. Every chapter is example-driven, and many of those examples come from writing by students. Readers can test out for themselves the explanation at work in the examples provided. Then, those examples are explained step by step. In addition to examples from writing by college students, there are examples from RAE (Real Academia Española), from scholars, from writers, from Corpes XXI (RAE), from the Centro Virtual Cervantes, and from the Internet. Many of those examples are presented to the reader as exercises, and answers are provided. This book was written for teachers of Spanish as a second language (L2) and for minors or majors of Spanish as an L2. It will also benefit teachers and learners of other L2s with some of these dichotomies.
Four Shades of Gray: The Amazon Kindle Platform (Platform Studies)
by Simon Peter RowberryThis first book-length analysis of Amazon&’s Kindle explores the platform&’s technological, bibliographical, and social impact on publishing.Four Shades of Gray offers the first book-length analysis of Amazon&’s Kindle and its impact on publishing. Simon Peter Rowberry recounts how Amazon built the infrastructure for a new generation of digital publications, then considers the consequences of having a single company control the direction of the publishing industry. Exploring the platform from the perspectives of technology, texts, and uses, he shows how the Kindle challenges traditional notions of platforms as discrete entities. He argues that Amazon&’s influence extends beyond &“disruptive technology&” to embed itself in all aspects of the publishing trade; yet despite industry pushback, he says, the Kindle has had a positive influence on publishing. Rowberry documents the first decade of the Kindle with case studies of Kindle Popular Highlights, an account of the digitization of books published after 1922, and a discussion of how Amazon&’s patent filings reflect a shift in priorities. Rowberry argues that while it was initially convenient for the book trade to outsource ebook development to Amazon, doing so has had adverse consequences for publishers in the mid- and long term, limiting opportunities for developing an inclusive and forward-thinking digital platform. While it has forced publishers to embrace digital forms, the Kindle has also empowered some previously marginalized readerships. Although it is still too early to judge the long-term impact of ebooks compared with that of the older technologies of clay tablets, the printing press, and offset printing, the shockwaves of the Kindle continue to shape publishing.
Four Theories of the Press: 60 Years and Counting
by Maira T. Vaca-BaqueiroThe links between distinctive political regimes and media systems are undeniable. As Siebert, Peterson and Schramm wrote (1956: 1) 60 years ago: ‘the press always takes on the form and coloration of the social and political structures within which it operates’. Nevertheless, today’s world and politics are completely different from the bipolar era that inspired the ground breaking Four Theories of the Press. What are the main changes and continuities that have driven the study of politics and the media in the last decades? How to approach this interaction in the light of the challenges that democracy is facing or the continuing technological revolution that at times hampers the media?This provocative book explores the main premises that have guided the study of politics and the media in the last decades. In so doing, it gives the reader key analytical tools to question the sustainability of past categorizations that no longer match up with current developments of both, political regimes and the media. In searching for clarification about current discrepancies between democracies and media’s distinctive structures or purposes, Four Theories of the Press: 60 Years and Counting puts forward an alternative premise: the political-media complex.
Fourier, Laplace, and the Tangled Love Affair with Transforms: The Art of Signal Synthesis and Analysis
by Sofen Kumar JenaUnlock the intricate language of signals and systems with this in-depth exploration of Fourier and Laplace transforms. Designed for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and professionals in engineering, physics, and applied mathematics, this book unravels the foundations of signal processing with a rigorous yet engaging approach. Beginning with the fundamentals and building to advanced topics, each chapter guides you through the Fourier series, Fourier, and Laplace transform and into the realms of discrete Fourier and Z transforms, multi-dimensional analysis, and applications of the Fourier Transform in solving PDE, ODE, and Integral equations. The text brings mathematical theory to life through real-world applications in signal synthesis, systems engineering, and differential equations, making complex topics accessible and inspiring. With its unique blend of historical insights, practical applications, and intuitive explanations, this book offers a comprehensive yet approachable journey into the world of transforms. Whether you're a student building your foundation or a professional seeking to deepen your expertise, this book invites you to discover the elegance and utility of transforms in a way that bridges theory with the demands of modern engineering and science.
Fourier Transforms, Filtering, Probability and Random Processes: Introduction to Communication Systems (Synthesis Lectures on Communications)
by Jerry D. GibsonThis book provides backgrounds and the mathematical methods necessary to understand the basic transforms in signal processing and linear systems to prepare for in depth study of analog and digital communications systems.This tutorial presentation provides developments of Fourier series and other orthogonal series, including trigonometric and complex exponential Fourier series, least squares approximations and generalized Fourier series, and the spectral content of periodic signals. This text thoroughly covers Fourier transform pairs for continuous time signals, Fourier transform properties, and the magnitude and phase of Fourier transforms. The author includes discussions of techniques for the analysis of continuous time linear systems in the time and frequency domains with particular emphasis on the system transfer function, impulse response, system/filter bandwidth, power and energy calculations, and the time domain sampling theorem.
The Fourth Enemy: Journalism and Power in the Making of Peronist Argentina, 1930–1955
by James CaneThe rise of Juan Perón to power in Argentina in the 1940s is one of the most studied subjects in Argentine history. But no book before this has examined the role the Peronists’ struggle with the major commercial newspaper media played in the movement’s evolution, or what the resulting transformation of this industry meant for the normative and practical redefinition of the relationships among state, press, and public. In The Fourth Enemy, James Cane traces the violent confrontations, backroom deals, and legal actions that allowed Juan Domingo Perón to convert Latin America’s most vibrant commercial newspaper industry into the region’s largest state-dominated media empire. An interdisciplinary study drawing from labor history, communication studies, and the history of ideas, this book shows how decades-old conflicts within the newspaper industry helped shape not just the social crises from which Peronism emerged, but the very nature of the Peronist experiment as well.
The Fourth Enemy: Journalism and Power in the Making of Peronist Argentina, 1930–1955
by James CaneThe rise of Juan Perón to power in Argentina in the 1940s is one of the most studied subjects in Argentine history. But no book before this has examined the role the Peronists’ struggle with the major commercial newspaper media played in the movement’s evolution, or what the resulting transformation of this industry meant for the normative and practical redefinition of the relationships among state, press, and public. In The Fourth Enemy, James Cane traces the violent confrontations, backroom deals, and legal actions that allowed Juan Domingo Perón to convert Latin America’s most vibrant commercial newspaper industry into the region’s largest state-dominated media empire. An interdisciplinary study drawing from labor history, communication studies, and the history of ideas, this book shows how decades-old conflicts within the newspaper industry helped shape not just the social crises from which Peronism emerged, but the very nature of the Peronist experiment as well.
Fourth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology: ICICT 2019, London, Volume 1 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1041)
by Xin-She Yang Nilanjan Dey Amit Joshi Simon SherrattThis book gathers selected high-quality research papers presented at the Fourth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, held at Brunel University, London, on February 27–28, 2019. It discusses emerging topics pertaining to information and communication technology (ICT) for managerial applications, e-governance, e-agriculture, e-education and computing technologies, the Internet of things (IoT), and e-mining. Written by respected experts and researchers working on ICT, the book offers a valuable asset for young researchers involved in advanced studies.
Fourth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology: ICICT 2019, London, Volume 2 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1027)
by Xin-She Yang Simon Sherratt Nilanjan Dey Amit JoshiThe second volume of this book includes selected high-quality research papers presented at the Fourth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, which was held at Brunel University, London, on February 27–28, 2019. It discusses emerging topics pertaining to information and communication technology (ICT) for managerial applications, e-governance, e-agriculture, e-education and computing technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT), and e-mining. Written by respected experts and researchers actively working in ICT, the book offers a valuable resource, especially for researchers who are newcomers to the field.
Foxocracy: Inside the Network's Playbook of Tribal Warfare
by Tobin SmithFrom a 14-year Fox News contributor, guest anchor, and two-time New York Times bestselling author comes an unprecedented insider's account of the Fox News playbook––the production secrets and manipulation strategies Fox News uses to influence viewers, divide families, weaponize the daily discourse of news and public opinion, and addict a core audience on right-wing rage and fear. Fox News did not start America's culture war––but they did have the manipulative and destructive genius to exploit it for billions of dollars. For the first time, a Fox News veteran exposes and diagrams the toxic strategies and tactics within the Fox News playbook that liberal and progressive candidates will be fighting against in 2020 and beyond. It is the very same playbook that Fox News used to move twelve percent of Independents to vote for Donald Trump in 2016 to produce Republican wins in the previous Democrat strongholds of Ohio, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania. Author Tobin Smith takes readers behind the scenes of the actual production of the "fair and balanced" opinion panel segments that feed a ravenous audience. How are these productions rigged so that right-wing pundits always win? What techniques does Fox News use in manipulating its viewers' tribal instincts: to addict them; to activate a hatred toward partisan enemies; and to hook them on ego-gratifying feelings of intellectual and cultural superiority? Foxocracy is filled with never-revealed conversations with Fox News executives––including the late Roger Ailes––and opinion programming producers. It breaks down the real and often heartbreaking collateral damage among friends and family caused by the waging of an endless culture war. And it brings incendiary proof from an insider and on-air talent of Fox News's predatory audience manipulation psychology and production tactics. And perhaps even more frightening, this book reveals how that playbook is now being insidiously upgraded for maximum effect––white tribal-identity activation––on all forms of social media and means of content delivery.
Fractal Dimensions of Networks (Springerbriefs In Computer Science Ser.)
by Eric RosenbergCurrent interest in fractal dimensions of networks is the result of more than a century of previous research on dimensions. Fractal Dimensions of Networks ties the theory and methods for computing fractal dimensions of networks to the “classic” theory of dimensions of geometric objects.The goal of the book is to provide a unified treatment of fractal dimensions of sets and networks. Since almost all of the major concepts in fractal dimensions originated in the study of sets, the book achieves this goal by first clearly presenting, with an abundance of examples and illustrations, the theory and algorithms for sets, and then showing how the theory and algorithms have been applied to networks. Thus, the book presents the classical theory and algorithms for the box counting dimension for sets, and then presents the box counting dimension for networks. All the major fractal dimensions are studied, e.g., the correlation dimension, the information dimension, the Hausdorff dimension, the multifractal spectrum, as well as many lesser known dimensions. Algorithm descriptions are accompanied by worked examples, many applications of the methods are presented, and many exercises, ranging in difficulty from easy to research level, are included.
The Fragile Community: Living Together With Aids (Everyday Communication Ser.)
by Mara B. Adelman Larry R. FreyThis book examines the concept of "community," focusing on how communication practices help manage the tensions of creating and sustaining everyday communal life amidst the crisis of human loss. While acknowledging how the contradictory and inconsistent nature of human relationships inevitably affects community, this intimate and compelling text shows how community is created and sustained in concrete communication practices. The authors explore these ideas at Bonaventure House, an award-winning residential facility for people with AIDS, where the web of social relationships and the demands of a life-threatening illness intersect in complex ways. Facing a life-threatening illness can defy meaningful social connections, but it can also inspire such ties, sometimes in ways that elude us in the course of daily life. By understanding how collective communication practices help residents forge a sense of community out of the fragility and chaos of living together with AIDS, we are able to better understand how communication is inexorably intertwined with the formation of community in other environments. Based on seven years of ethnographic research including participant-observation, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires, this book weaves together narratives and visual images with conceptual analysis to uncover the ongoing oppositional forces of community life, and to show how both mundane and profound communication processes ameliorate these tensions, and thereby sustain this fragile community. Because the average length of stay for a resident is seven months -- in which time he or she moves from being a newcomer to a community member to someone the community remembers -- the text reflects this short, but crystallized life, starting with the day a new resident opens the door to the day he or she passes away. The writing is rich -- intimate, engaging, personal, compelling, and vivid. The stories told discuss such deeply personal topics as the dilemmas of romantic relationships in a context fraught with many perils; issues of power, authority, and control that enable and constrain social life; and communicative practices that help residents cope with bereavement over the loss of others as well as their own impending deaths. The text concludes by examining the lessons learned from Bonaventure House about creating and sustaining a health community, and serves as an inspiration for strengthening interpersonal relationships and communities in other environments.
Frames and Framing in Documentary Comics (Palgrave Studies in Comics and Graphic Novels)
by Johannes C.P. SchmidFrames and Framing in Documentary Comics explores how graphic narratives reframe global crises while also interrogating practices of fact-finding. An analog print phenomenon in an era shaped by digitalization, documentary comics formulates a distinct counterapproach to conventional journalism. In what ways are ‘facts’ being presented and framed? What is documentary honesty in a world of fake news and post-truth politics? How can the stories of marginalized peoples and neglected crises be told? The author investigates documentary comics in its unique relationship to framing: graphic narratives are essentially shaped by a reciprocal relationship between the manifest frames on the page and the attention to the cognitive frames that they generate. To account for both the textuality of comics and its strategic use as rhetoric, the author combines theories of framing analysis and cognitive narratology with comics studies and its attention toward the medium’s visual frames.
Frames, Fields, and Contrasts: New Essays in Semantic and Lexical Organization
by Adrienne Lehrer Eva Feder KuttayRecently, there has been a surge of interest in the lexicon. The demand for a fuller and more adequate understanding of lexical meaning required by developments in computational linguistics, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science has stimulated a refocused interest in linguistics, psychology, and philosophy. Different disciplines have studied lexical structure from their own vantage points, and because scholars have only intermittently communicated across disciplines, there has been little recognition that there is a common subject matter. The conference on which this volume is based brought together interested thinkers across the disciplines of linguistics, philosophy, psychology, and computer science to exchange ideas, discuss a range of questions and approaches to the topic, consider alternative research strategies and methodologies, and formulate interdisciplinary hypotheses concerning lexical organization. The essay subjects discussed include: * alternative and complementary conceptions of the structure of the lexicon, * the nature of semantic relations and of polysemy, * the relation between meanings, concepts, and lexical organization, * critiques of truth-semantics and referential theories of meaning, * computational accounts of lexical information and structure, and * the advantages of thinking of the lexicon as ordered.
Frameworks: An Introduction to Film Studies
by Thomas E. Valasek F. Brent Johnson Christopher H. CreekFrameworks sets out to teach both the concepts and the skills beginning students need to become more literate film viewers. Lessons are designed to answer four essential questions: How do films tell a story? How do films reveal characters? How do films depict physical reality? How do films inform, persuade, and indoctrinate? Each of these questions offers a different "framework" for film study, a different way to look at and analyze film.
Framing Immigrants: News Coverage, Public Opinion, and Policy
by Chris Haynes Jennifer Merolla S. Karthick RamakrishnanWhile undocumented immigration is controversial, the general public is largely unfamiliar with the particulars of immigration policy. Given that public opinion on the topic is malleable, to what extent do mass media shape the public debate on immigration? In Framing Immigrants, political scientists Chris Haynes, Jennifer Merolla, and Karthick Ramakrishnan explore how conservative, liberal, and mainstream news outlets frame and discuss undocumented immigrants. Drawing from original voter surveys, they show that how the media frames immigration has significant consequences for public opinion and has implications for the passage of new immigration policies. The authors analyze media coverage of several key immigration policy issues—including mass deportations, comprehensive immigration reform, and measures focused on immigrant children, such as the DREAM Act—to chart how news sources across the ideological spectrum produce specific “frames” for the immigration debate. In the past few years, liberal and mainstream outlets have tended to frame immigrants lacking legal status as “undocumented” (rather than “illegal”) and to approach the topic of legalization through human-interest stories, often mentioning children. Conservative outlets, on the other hand, tend to discuss legalization using impersonal statistics and invoking the rule of law. Yet, regardless of the media’s ideological positions, the authors’ surveys show that “negative” frames more strongly influence public support for different immigration policies than do positive frames. For instance, survey participants who were exposed to language portraying immigrants as law-breakers seeking “amnesty” tended to oppose legalization measures. At the same time, support for legalization was higher when participants were exposed to language referring to immigrants living in the United States for a decade or more. Framing Immigrants shows that despite heated debates on immigration across the political aisle, the general public has yet to form a consistent position on undocumented immigrants. By analyzing how the media influences public opinion, this book provides a valuable resource for immigration advocates, policymakers, and researchers.
Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World (Routledge Communication Series)
by Stephen D. Reese Oscar H. Gandy Jr. August E. GrantThis distinctive volume offers a thorough examination of the ways in which meaning comes to be shaped. Editors Stephen Reese, Oscar Gandy, and August Grant employ an interdisciplinary approach to the study of conceptualizing and examining media. They illustrate how texts and those who provide them powerfully shape, or "frame," our social worlds and thus affect our public life. Embracing qualitative and quantitative, visual and verbal, and psychological and sociological perspectives, this book helps media consumers develop a multi-faceted understanding of media power, especially in the realm of news and public affairs.
Framing Sustainability in Language and Communication (Routledge Research in Language and Communication)
by Maida Kosatica Sean P. SmithThis collection brings together established and emerging scholars for a critical framing of sustainability through the lens of language and communication, social semiotics, and media studies. The volume underscores the importance of re-envisioning sustainability around not only climate change and biodiversity loss but in broader systems of ecological, social, and economic imbalances on a global scale.The book begins with a visual essay which provides a semiotic foundation for understandings of sustainability across disciplinary approaches in the chapters that follow. Subsequent chapters are organized around four thematic parts: reframing sustainability in a colonial world; the semiotics of sustainability; communicating sustainability in everyday life; and sustainability communication in the arts. A closing commentary by Crispin Thurlow offers critical reflections on sustainability within language and communication research and beyond.This book will be of interest to scholars addressing sustainability across diverse disciplines, including language and communication, social semiotics, linguistic anthropology, environmental communication, media studies, and development studies.
Framing the Rhetoric of a Leader: An Analysis of Obama’s Election Campaign Speeches
by M. DeganiBased on a selection of 30 election campaign speeches during Obama's first run for the American presidency in 2008, this book investigates the Democratic presidential candidate's much celebrated rhetoric from a cognitive semantics point of view.
France and the International Economy: From Vichy to the Treaty of Rome (Routledge Explorations in Economic History)
by Frances LynchThis is a comprehensive history of a critically formative period in French economic history. Frances Lynch covers topics such as the post-war negotiations for American aid, the reconstruction of a capital market, the modernization of French agriculture, the liberalization of trade in the 1950s and subsequent economic growth.
France/China: Intercultural Imaginings
by Alex HughesChina has long been an object of fascination for the French, who celebrated theirannee de la Chine in 2004. Symptomatic of that fascination are the movements into China made by groups as diverse as the Jesuits, who arrived inL'Empire du Milieu in the late seventeenth century, and theTel Quel intellectuals, whose will to political pilgrimage took th