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Data Mining and Statistics for Decision Making (Wiley Series In Computational Statistics Ser. #711)
by Stéphane TufféryData mining is the process of automatically searching large volumes of data for models and patterns using computational techniques from statistics, machine learning and information theory; it is the ideal tool for such an extraction of knowledge. Data mining is usually associated with a business or an organization's need to identify trends and profiles, allowing, for example, retailers to discover patterns on which to base marketing objectives.This book looks at both classical and recent techniques of data mining, such as clustering, discriminant analysis, logistic regression, generalized linear models, regularized regression, PLS regression, decision trees, neural networks, support vector machines, Vapnik theory, naive Bayesian classifier, ensemble learning and detection of association rules. They are discussed along with illustrative examples throughout the book to explain the theory of these methods, as well as their strengths and limitations. Key Features:Presents a comprehensive introduction to all techniques used in data mining and statistical learning, from classical to latest techniques.Starts from basic principles up to advanced concepts.Includes many step-by-step examples with the main software (R, SAS, IBM SPSS) as well as a thorough discussion and comparison of those software.Gives practical tips for data mining implementation to solve real world problems.Looks at a range of tools and applications, such as association rules, web mining and text mining, with a special focus on credit scoring.Supported by an accompanying website hosting datasets and user analysis. Statisticians and business intelligence analysts, students as well as computer science, biology, marketing and financial risk professionals in both commercial and government organizations across all business and industry sectors will benefit from this book.
Data Mining for Bioinformatics
by Sumeet Dua Pradeep ChowriappaCovering theory, algorithms, and methodologies, as well as data mining technologies, Data Mining for Bioinformatics provides a comprehensive discussion of data-intensive computations used in data mining with applications in bioinformatics. It supplies a broad, yet in-depth, overview of the application domains of data mining for bioinformatics to he
Data Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, And Applications In Jmp
by Galit Shmueli Peter C. Bruce Nitin R. Patel Mia L. StephensData Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications with JMP Pro® presents an applied and interactive approach to data mining. Featuring hands-on applications with JMP Pro®, a statistical package from the SAS Institute, the bookuses engaging, real-world examples to build a theoretical and practical understanding of key data mining methods, especially predictive models for classification and prediction. Topics include data visualization, dimension reduction techniques, clustering, linear and logistic regression, classification and regression trees, discriminant analysis, naive Bayes, neural networks, uplift modeling, ensemble models, and time series forecasting. Data Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications with JMP Pro® also includes: Detailed summaries that supply an outline of key topics at the beginning of each chapter End-of-chapter examples and exercises that allow readers to expand their comprehension of the presented material Data-rich case studies to illustrate various applications of data mining techniques A companion website with over two dozen data sets, exercises and case study solutions, and slides for instructors Data Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications with JMP Pro® is an excellent textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate-level courses on data mining, predictive analytics, and business analytics. The book is also a one-of-a-kind resource for data scientists, analysts, researchers, and practitioners working with analytics in the fields of management, finance, marketing, information technology, healthcare, education, and any other data-rich field. Galit Shmueli, PhD, is Distinguished Professor at National Tsing Hua University's Institute of Service Science. She has designed and instructed data mining courses since 2004 at University of Maryland, Statistics.com, Indian School of Business, and National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. Professor Shmueli is known for her research and teaching in business analytics, with a focus on statistical and data mining methods in information systems and healthcare. She has authored over 70 journal articles, books, textbooks, and book chapters, including Data Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications in XLMiner®, Third Edition, also published by Wiley. Peter C. Bruce is President and Founder of the Institute for Statistics Education at www.statistics.com He has written multiple journal articles and is the developer of Resampling Stats software. He is the author of Introductory Statistics and Analytics: A Resampling Perspective and co-author of Data Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications in XLMiner ®, Third Edition, both published by Wiley. Mia Stephens is Academic Ambassador at JMP®, a division of SAS Institute. Prior to joining SAS, she was an adjunct professor of statistics at the University of New Hampshire and a founding member of the North Haven Group LLC, a statistical training and consulting company. She is the co-author of three other books, including Visual Six Sigma: Making Data Analysis Lean, Second Edition, also published by Wiley. Nitin R. Patel, PhD, is Chairman and cofounder of Cytel, Inc., based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. A Fellow of the American Statistical Association, Dr. Patel has also served as a Visiting Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at Harvard University. He is a Fellow of the Computer Society of India and was a professor at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, for 15 years. He is co-author of Data Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications in XLMiner®, Third Edition, also published by Wiley.
Data Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, And Applications In R
by Galit Shmueli Peter C. Bruce Nitin R. Patel Inbal Yahav Kenneth C. Lichtendahl Jr.Data Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications in R presents an applied approach to data mining concepts and methods, using R software for illustration Readers will learn how to implement a variety of popular data mining algorithms in R (a free and open-source software) to tackle business problems and opportunities. This is the fifth version of this successful text, and the first using R. It covers both statistical and machine learning algorithms for prediction, classification, visualization, dimension reduction, recommender systems, clustering, text mining and network analysis. It also includes: • Two new co-authors, Inbal Yahav and Casey Lichtendahl, who bring both expertise teaching business analytics courses using R, and data mining consulting experience in business and government • Updates and new material based on feedback from instructors teaching MBA, undergraduate, diploma and executive courses, and from their students • More than a dozen case studies demonstrating applications for the data mining techniques described • End-of-chapter exercises that help readers gauge and expand their comprehension and competency of the material presented • A companion website with more than two dozen data sets, and instructor materials including exercise solutions, PowerPoint slides, and case solutions Data Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications in R is an ideal textbook for graduate and upper-undergraduate level courses in data mining, predictive analytics, and business analytics. This new edition is also an excellent reference for analysts, researchers, and practitioners working with quantitative methods in the fields of business, finance, marketing, computer science, and information technology. “ This book has by far the most comprehensive review of business analytics methods that I have ever seen, covering everything from classical approaches such as linear and logistic regression, through to modern methods like neural networks, bagging and boosting, and even much more business specific procedures such as social network analysis and text mining. If not the bible, it is at the least a definitive manual on the subject.” Gareth M. James, University of Southern California and co-author (with Witten, Hastie and Tibshirani) of the best-selling book An Introduction to Statistical Learning, with Applications in R Galit Shmueli, PhD, is Distinguished Professor at National Tsing Hua University’s Institute of Service Science. She has designed and instructed data mining courses since 2004 at University of Maryland, Statistics.com, Indian School of Business, and National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. Professor Shmueli is known for her research and teaching in business analytics, with a focus on statistical and data mining methods in information systems and healthcare. She has authored over 70 publications including books. Peter C. Bruce is President and Founder of the Institute for Statistics Education at Statistics.com. He has written multiple journal articles and is the developer of Resampling Stats software. He is the author of Introductory Statistics and Analytics: A Resampling Perspective (Wiley) and co-author of Practical Statistics for Data Scientists: 50 Essential Concepts (O’Reilly). Inbal Yahav, PhD, is Professor at the Graduate School of Business Administration at Bar-Ilan University, Israel. She teaches courses in social network analysis, advanced research methods, and software quality assurance. Dr. Yahav received her PhD in Operations Research and Data Mining from the University of Maryland, College Park. Nitin R. Patel, PhD, is Chairman and cofounder of Cytel, Inc., based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. A Fellow of the American St
Data Mining for Business Intelligence
by Galit Shmueli Peter C. Bruce Nitin R. PatelPraise for the First Edition" full of vivid and thought-provoking anecdotes needs to be read by anyone with a serious interest in research and marketing."--Research magazine"Shmueli et al. have done a wonderful job in presenting the field of data mining a welcome addition to the literature."--computingreviews.comIncorporating a new focus on data visualization and time series forecasting, Data Mining for Business Intelligence, Second Edition continues to supply insightful, detailed guidance on fundamental data mining techniques. This new edition guides readers through the use of the Microsoft Office Excel add-in XLMiner for developing predictive models and techniques for describing and finding patterns in data.From clustering customers into market segments and finding the characteristics of frequent flyers to learning what items are purchased with other items, the authors use interesting, real-world examples to build a theoretical and practical understanding of key data mining methods, including classification, prediction, and affinity analysis as well as data reduction, exploration, and visualization.The Second Edition now features:Three new chapters on time series forecasting, introducing popular business forecasting methods including moving average, exponential smoothing methods; regression-based models; and topics such as explanatory vs. predictive modeling, two-level models, and ensemblesA revised chapter on data visualization that now features interactive visualization principles and added assignments that demonstrate interactive visualization in practiceSeparate chapters that each treat k-nearest neighbors and Naïve Bayes methodsSummaries at the start of each chapter that supply an outline of key topicsThe book includes access to XLMiner, allowing readers to work hands-on with the provided data. Throughout the book, applications of the discussed topics focus on the business problem as motivation and avoid unnecessary statistical theory. Each chapter concludes with exercises that allow readers to assess their comprehension of the presented material. The final chapter includes a set of cases that require use of the different data mining techniques, and a related Web site features data sets, exercise solutions, PowerPoint slides, and case solutions.Data Mining for Business Intelligence, Second Edition is an excellent book for courses on data mining, forecasting, and decision support systems at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a one-of-a-kind resource for analysts, researchers, and practitioners working with quantitative methods in the fields of business, finance, marketing, computer science, and information technology.
Data Mining for Co-location Patterns: Principles and Applications
by Guoqing ZhouCo-location pattern mining detects sets of features frequently located in close proximity to each other. This book focuses on data mining for co-location pattern, a valid method for identifying patterns from all types of data and applying them in business intelligence and analytics. It explains the fundamentals of co-location pattern mining, co-location decision tree, and maximal instance co-location pattern mining along with an in-depth overview of data mining, machine learning, and statistics. This arrangement of chapters helps readers understand the methods of co-location pattern mining step-by-step and their applications in pavement management, image classification, geospatial buffer analysis, etc.
Data Mining for Design and Marketing (Chapman & Hall/CRC Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Series)
by Katsutoshi Yada Yukio OhsawaData Mining for Design and Marketing shows how to design and integrate data mining tools into human thinking processes in order to make better business decisions, especially in designing and marketing products and systems.The expert contributors discuss how data mining can identify valuable consumer patterns, which aid marketers and designers in de
Data Mining for Geoinformatics: Methods and Applications
by Jessica Lin Guido Cervone Nigel WatersThe rate at which geospatial data is being generated exceeds our computational capabilities to extract patterns for the understanding of a dynamically changing world. Geoinformatics and data mining focuses on the development and implementation of computational algorithms to solve these problems. This unique volume contains a collection of chapters on state-of-the-art data mining techniques applied to geoinformatic problems of high complexity and important societal value. Data Mining for Geoinformatics addresses current concerns and developments relating to spatio-temporal data mining issues in remotely-sensed data, problems in meteorological data such as tornado formation, estimation of radiation from the Fukushima nuclear power plant, simulations of traffic data using OpenStreetMap, real time traffic applications of data stream mining, visual analytics of traffic and weather data and the exploratory visualization of collective, mobile objects such as the flocking behavior of wild chickens. This book is designed for researchers and advanced-level students focused on computer science, earth science and geography as a reference or secondary text book. Practitioners working in the areas of data mining and geoscience will also find this book to be a valuable reference.
Data Mining for Global Trends in Mountain Biodiversity
by Christian Körner Eva M. SpehnThanks to advances in electronic archiving of biodiversity data and the digitization of climate and other geophysical data, a new era in biogeography, functional ecology, and evolutionary ecology has begun. In Data Mining for Global Trends in Mountain Biodiversity, Christian Korner, Eva M. Spehn, and a team of experts from the Global Mountain Biodi
Data Mining for Intelligence, Fraud & Criminal Detection: Advanced Analytics & Information Sharing Technologies
by Christopher WestphalIn 2004, the Government Accountability Office provided a report detailing approximately 200 government-based data-mining projects. While there is comfort in knowing that there are many effective systems, that comfort isn‘t worth much unless we can determine that these systems are being effectively and responsibly employed.Written by one of the most
Data Mining for Managers
by Richard BoireBig Data is a growing business trend, but there little advice available on how to use it practically. Written by a data mining expert with over 30 years of experience, this book uses case studies to help marketers, brand managers and IT professionals understand how to capture and measure data for marketing purposes.
Data Mining for Service (Studies in Big Data #3)
by Katsutoshi YadaVirtually all nontrivial and modern service related problems and systems involve data volumes and types that clearly fall into what is presently meant as "big data", that is, are huge, heterogeneous, complex, distributed, etc. Data mining is a series of processes which include collecting and accumulating data, modeling phenomena, and discovering new information, and it is one of the most important steps to scientific analysis of the processes of services. Data mining application in services requires a thorough understanding of the characteristics of each service and knowledge of the compatibility of data mining technology within each particular service, rather than knowledge only in calculation speed and prediction accuracy. Varied examples of services provided in this book will help readers understand the relation between services and data mining technology. This book is intended to stimulate interest among researchers and practitioners in the relation between data mining technology and its application to other fields.
Data Mining for Social Network Data (Annals of Information Systems #12)
by Hsinchun Chen Nasrullah Memon David L. Hicks Jennifer Jie XuDriven by counter-terrorism efforts, marketing analysis and an explosion in online social networking in recent years, data mining has moved to the forefront of information science. This proposed Special Issue on Data Mining for Social Network Data will present a broad range of recent studies in social networking analysis. It will focus on emerging trends and needs in discovery and analysis of communities, solitary and social activities, activities in open for a and commercial sites as well. It will also look at network modeling, infrastructure construction, dynamic growth and evolution pattern discovery using machine learning approaches and multi-agent based simulations. Editors are three rising stars in world of data mining, knowledge discovery, social network analysis, and information infrastructures, and are anchored by Springer author/editor Hsinchun Chen (Terrorism Informatics; Medical Informatics; Digital Government), who is one of the most prominent intelligence analysis and data mining experts in the world.
Data Mining for Social Robotics: Toward Autonomously Social Robots (Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing #0)
by Yasser Mohammad Toyoaki NishidaThis book explores an approach to social robotics based solely on autonomous unsupervised techniques and positions it within a structured exposition of related research in psychology, neuroscience, HRI, and data mining. The authors present an autonomous and developmental approach that allows the robot to learn interactive behavior by imitating humans using algorithms from time-series analysis and machine learning. The first part provides a comprehensive and structured introduction to time-series analysis, change point discovery, motif discovery and causality analysis focusing on possible applicability to HRI problems. Detailed explanations of all the algorithms involved are provided with open-source implementations in MATLAB enabling the reader to experiment with them. Imitation and simulation are the key technologies used to attain social behavior autonomously in the proposed approach. Part two gives the reader a wide overview of research in these areas in psychology, and ethology. Based on this background, the authors discuss approaches to endow robots with the ability to autonomously learn how to be social. Data Mining for Social Robots will be essential reading for graduate students and practitioners interested in social and developmental robotics.
Data Mining in Biomedical Imaging, Signaling, and Systems
by Rajendra Acharya U Sumeet DuaData mining can help pinpoint hidden information in medical data and accurately differentiate pathological from normal data. It can help to extract hidden features from patient groups and disease states and can aid in automated decision making. Data Mining in Biomedical Imaging, Signaling, and Systems provides an in-depth examination of the biomedi
Data Mining in Large Sets of Complex Data (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Christos Faloutsos Caetano Traina Júnior Robson Leonardo Ferreira CordeiroThe amount and the complexity of the data gathered by current enterprises are increasing at an exponential rate. Consequently, the analysis of Big Data is nowadays a central challenge in Computer Science, especially for complex data. For example, given a satellite image database containing tens of Terabytes, how can we find regions aiming at identifying native rainforests, deforestation or reforestation? Can it be made automatically? Based on the work discussed in this book, the answers to both questions are a sound "yes", and the results can be obtained in just minutes. In fact, results that used to require days or weeks of hard work from human specialists can now be obtained in minutes with high precision. Data Mining in Large Sets of Complex Data discusses new algorithms that take steps forward from traditional data mining (especially for clustering) by considering large, complex datasets. Usually, other works focus in one aspect, either data size or complexity. This work considers both: it enables mining complex data from high impact applications, such as breast cancer diagnosis, region classification in satellite images, assistance to climate change forecast, recommendation systems for the Web and social networks; the data are large in the Terabyte-scale, not in Giga as usual; and very accurate results are found in just minutes. Thus, it provides a crucial and well timed contribution for allowing the creation of real time applications that deal with Big Data of high complexity in which mining on the fly can make an immeasurable difference, such as supporting cancer diagnosis or detecting deforestation.
Data Mining in Structural Dynamic Analysis: A Signal Processing Perspective
by Magd Abdel Wahab Yun Lai Zhou Nuno M. M. Maia Linya Liu Elói FigueiredoThis book highlights the applications of data mining technologies in structural dynamic analysis, including structural design, optimization, parameter identification, model updating, damage identification, in civil, mechanical, and aerospace engineering. These engineering applications require precise structural design, fabrication, inspection, and further monitoring to obtain a full life-cycle analysis, and by focusing on data processing, data mining technologies offer another aspect in structural dynamic analysis. Discussing techniques in time/frequency domain, such as Hilbert transforms, wavelet theory, and machine learning for structural dynamic analysis to help in structural monitoring and diagnosis, the book is an essential reference resource for beginners, graduates and industrial professionals in various fields.
Data Mining with Microsoft SQL Server 2008
by Jamie Maclennan Zhaohui Tang Bogdan CrivatUnderstand how to use the new features of Microsoft SQL Server 2008 for data mining by using the tools in Data Mining with Microsoft SQL Server 2008, which will show you how to use the SQL Server Data Mining Toolset with Office 2007 to mine and analyze data. Explore each of the major data mining algorithms, including naive bayes, decision trees, time series, clustering, association rules, and neural networks. Learn more about topics like mining OLAP databases, data mining with SQL Server Integration Services 2008, and using Microsoft data mining to solve business analysis problems.
Data Mining with Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Technical Reference
by Claude SeidmanThe amount of information stored in corporate databases is exploding exponentially. Data mining--finding meaningful patterns in all that data--can give any organization a competitive advantage. This book is the in-depth reference from Microsoft® for anyone who wants to take full advantage of the powerful data-mining features in SQL ServerTM 2000. It examines the SQL Server 2000 Analysis Services architecture and shows how data mining fits into its complete suite of information-extraction technologies. Then it demonstrates how to structure and mine large databases with the algorithms included with SQL Server 2000 to find nuggets of useful information. It even shows how to create a practice data-mining model using data downloaded from a database. Coverage includes: INTRODUCTION TO DATA MINING: What data mining is and isn't, plus important principles and definitions behind data-mining methodologies, including the role of data-mining models, statistics, and algorithms SQL SERVER 2000 ARCHITECTURE: How data mining fits into the SQL Server 2000 Analysis Services architecture and how it builds on the SQL Server 2000 relational database and its embedded online analytical processing (OLAP) engine DATA-MINING METHODS: How to choose the best data-mining method for the job--decision trees or clustering EASE OF USE FEATURES: How to use the Mining Model Wizard and the OLAP Mining Model Editor to simplify creating, training, and processing a model PROGRAMMING THE DATA-MINING SERVICES: How to use data-mining models and Data Transformation Services, PivotTable® Services, decision-support objects (DSO), PERL, Visual Basic®, Scripting Edition, XML, and other tools and languages to work with the data-mining engine
Data Mining with Python: Theory, Application, and Case Studies (Chapman & Hall/CRC The Python Series)
by Di WuData is everywhere and it’s growing at an unprecedented rate. But making sense of all that data is a challenge. Data Mining is the process of discovering patterns and knowledge from large data sets, and Data Mining with Python focuses on the hands-on approach to learning Data Mining. It showcases how to use Python Packages to fulfill the Data Mining pipeline, which is to collect, integrate, manipulate, clean, process, organize, and analyze data for knowledge.The contents are organized based on the Data Mining pipeline, so readers can naturally progress step by step through the process. Topics, methods, and tools are explained in three aspects: “What it is” as a theoretical background, “why we need it” as an application orientation, and “how we do it” as a case study.This book is designed to give students, data scientists, and business analysts an understanding of Data Mining concepts in an applicable way. Through interactive tutorials that can be run, modified, and used for a more comprehensive learning experience, this book will help its readers to gain practical skills to implement Data Mining techniques in their work.Dr. Di Wu is an Assistant Professor of Finance, Information Systems, and Economics department of Business School, Lehman College. He obtained a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the Graduate Center, CUNY. Dr. Wu’s research interests are Temporal extensions to RDF and semantic web, Applied Data Science, and Experiential Learning and Pedagogy in Business Education. Dr. Wu developed and taught courses including Strategic Management, Databases, Business Statistics, Management Decision Making, Programming Languages (C++, Java, and Python), Data Structures and Algorithms, Data Mining, Big Data, and Machine Learning.
Data Mining with SPSS Modeler: Theory, Exercises and Solutions
by Tilo Wendler Sören GröttrupIntroducingthe IBM SPSS Modeler, this book guides readers through data mining processesand presents relevant statistical methods. There is a special focus onstep-by-step tutorials and well-documented examples that help demystify complexmathematical algorithms and computer programs. The variety of exercises andsolutions as well as an accompanying website with data sets and SPSS Modeler streams are particularly valuable. Whileintended for students, the simplicity of the Modeler makes the book useful foranyone wishing to learn about basic and more advanced data mining, and put thisknowledge into practice.
Data Mining with SPSS Modeler: Theory, Exercises and Solutions
by Tilo Wendler Sören GröttrupNow in its second edition, this textbook introduces readers to the IBM SPSS Modeler and guides them through data mining processes and relevant statistical methods. Focusing on step-by-step tutorials and well-documented examples that help demystify complex mathematical algorithms and computer programs, it also features a variety of exercises and solutions, as well as an accompanying website with data sets and SPSS Modeler streams. While intended for students, the simplicity of the Modeler makes the book useful for anyone wishing to learn about basic and more advanced data mining, and put this knowledge into practice. This revised and updated second edition includes a new chapter on imbalanced data and resampling techniques as well as an extensive case study on the cross-industry standard process for data mining.
Data Mining: 16th Australasian Conference, Ausdm 2018, Bahrurst, Nsw, Australia, November 28-30, 2018, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #996)
by David Stirling Rafiqul Islam Yun Sing Koh Yanchang Zhao Graco Warwick Chang-Tsun Li Zahidul IslamThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th Australasian Conference on Data Mining, AusDM 2018, held in Bathurst, NSW, Australia, in November 2018. <P><P> The 27 revised full papers presented together with 3 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 80 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on classification task; transport, environment, and energy; applied data mining; privacy and clustering; statistics in data science; health, software and smartphone; image data mining; industry showcase.
Data Mining: 17th Australasian Conference, AusDM 2019, Adelaide, SA, Australia, December 2–5, 2019, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1127)
by Lin Liu Kok-Leong Ong Graham Williams Yanchang Zhao Thuc D. Le Warren H. Jin Sebastien WongThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th Australasian Conference on Data Mining, AusDM 2019, held in Adelaide, SA, Australia, in December 2019.The 20 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 56 submissions. The papers are organized in sections on research track, application track, and industry showcase.
Data Mining: 19th Australasian Conference on Data Mining, AusDM 2021, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, December 14-15, 2021, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1504)
by Yee Ling Boo Graham Williams Yanchang Zhao Richi Nayak Yue Xu Rosalind Wang Anton LordThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th Australasian Conference on Data Mining, AusDM 2021, held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, in December 2021.* The 16 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. The papers are organized in sections on research track and application track. *Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held online.