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Digital Resources for Learning
by Daniel ChurchillThis book addresses the theory and practice of using digital resources for contemporary learning, and how such resources can be designed, developed, and employed in a variety of learning activities and with various devices. Drawing on insights into learning theory, educational research and the practical design of digital resources for learning that the author has gained over the past 20 years, the book provides the first classification guide to digital resources for learning and links various types of digital resources for learning to both contemporary curriculum design and learning design models.
Digital Responses to Covid-19: Digital Innovation, Transformation, and Entrepreneurship During Pandemic Outbreaks (SpringerBriefs in Information Systems)
by Christian Hovestadt Jan Recker Janek Richter Karl WerderThis book presents ten essays that examine the potential of digital responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The essays explore new digital concepts for learning and teaching, provide an overview of organizational responses to the crisis through digital technologies, and examine digital solutions developed to manage the crisis. Scientists from many disciplines work together in the fight against the virus and its numerous consequences. This book explores how information systems researchers can contribute to these global efforts. The book will be of interest to researchers and scholars in the field of digital business and education.
Digital Restoration from Start to Finish: How to Repair Old and Damaged Photographs
by CteinThis third edition of Digital Restoration from Start to Finish walks you step-by-step through the entire process of restoring old photographs and repairing new ones using Adobe Photoshop, Photoshop Elements, GIMP and more. This best-selling guide is now updated with the latest software advancements, and new techniques including hand-tinting in lab, repairing water damaged photos, and tips for the spot healing brush and masked layers. No process detail is overlooked, from choosing the right hardware and software, getting the photographs into the computer, getting the finished photo out of the computer and preserving it for posterity. LEARN HOW TO: Scan faded and damaged prints or films Improve snapshots with Shadow/Highlight adjustment Correct uneven exposure Fix color and skin tones quickly with Curves, plug-ins, and Hue/Saturation adjustment layers Correct uneven exposure and do dodging and burning-in with adjustment layers Hand-tint your photographs easily Correct skin tones with airbrush layers Clean up dust and scratches speedily and effectively Repair small and large cracks with masks and filters Eliminate tarnish and silvered-out spots from a photograph in just a few steps Minimize unwanted print surface textures Erase mildew spots Eliminate dots from newspaper photographs Increase sharpness and fine detail Maximize print quality
The Digital Revolution and the Coming of the Postmodern University
by Carl A. RaschkeIn recent years, the powerful social, cultural and economic changes wrought by digital technology have led many to forecast the end of the university as we know it. This book employs extensive research and case studies to explain why these predictions, even if perhaps somewhat premature, are on solid ground.The Digital Revolution and the Coming of the Postmodern University shows how the internet, high-speed electronic communications and personal computers necessitate a radical rethinking of what is meant by 'higher education'. The book calls into question both the traditionalist's scepticism about the benefits of new technology, and the corporate e-learning advocate's failure to grasp that education is more than what happens on a computer screen. The author provides concrete data and models for more democratic, restructured systems of instruction that not only take advantage of advanced learning technologies, but promote the globalisation of higher education.This is an essential read for anyone concerned about the future of higher education.
Digital Rhetoric: Theory, Method, Practice
by Douglas EymanWhat is "digital rhetoric"? This book aims to answer that question by looking at a number of interrelated histories, as well as evaluating a wide range of methods and practices from fields in the humanities, social sciences, and information sciences to determine what might constitute the work and the world of digital rhetoric. The advent of digital and networked communication technologies prompts renewed interest in basic questions such as What counts as a text? and Can traditional rhetoric operate in digital spheres or will it need to be revised? Or will we need to invent new rhetorical practices altogether? Through examples and consideration of digital rhetoric theories, methods for both researching and making in digital rhetoric fields, and examples of digital rhetoric pedagogy, scholarship, and public performance, this book delivers a broad overview of digital rhetoric. In addition, Douglas Eyman provides historical context by investigating the histories and boundaries that arise from mapping this emerging field and by focusing on the theories that have been taken up and revised by digital rhetoric scholars and practitioners. Both traditional and new methods are examined for the tools they provide that can be used to both study digital rhetoric and to potentially make new forms that draw on digital rhetoric for their persuasive power.
The Digital Rights Delusion: Humans, Machines and the Technology of Information
by Andrea MontiThis book examines the ever-increasing impact of technology on our lives and explores a range of legal and constitutional questions that this raises. It considers the extent to which concepts such as 'cyberspace' and 'digital rights' advance or undermine our understanding of this development and proposes a number of novel approaches to the effective protection of our rights in this rapidly evolving environment. Finally, it shows how the abuse of the adjective digital has demoted legal rights into subjective and individual claims. The work will be of particular interest to scholars of privacy, artificial intelligence and free speech, as well as policymakers and the general reader.
The Digital Rights Movement: The Role of Technology in Subverting Digital Copyright (The Information Society Series)
by Hector PostigoThe evolution of activism against the expansion of copyright in the digital domain, with case studies of resistance including eBook and iTunes hacks.The movement against restrictive digital copyright protection arose largely in response to the excesses of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) of 1998. In The Digital Rights Movement, Hector Postigo shows that what began as an assertion of consumer rights to digital content has become something broader: a movement concerned not just with consumers and gadgets but with cultural ownership. Increasingly stringent laws and technological measures are more than incoveniences; they lock up access to our “cultural commons.”Postigo describes the legislative history of the DMCA and how policy “blind spots” produced a law at odds with existing and emerging consumer practices. Yet the DMCA established a political and legal rationale brought to bear on digital media, the Internet, and other new technologies. Drawing on social movement theory and science and technology studies, Postigo presents case studies of resistance to increased control over digital media, describing a host of tactics that range from hacking to lobbying.Postigo discusses the movement's new, user-centered conception of “fair use” that seeks to legitimize noncommercial personal and creative uses such as copying legitimately purchased content and remixing music and video tracks. He introduces the concept of technological resistance—when hackers and users design and deploy technologies that allows access to digital content despite technological protection mechanisms—as the flip side to the technological enforcement represented by digital copy protection and a crucial tactic for the movement.
The Digital Rights Movement
by Hector PostigoThe movement against restrictive digital copyright protection arose largely in response to the excesses of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) of 1998. In The Digital Rights Movement, Hector Postigo shows that what began as an assertion of consumer rights to digital content has become something broader: a movement concerned not just with consumers and gadgets but with cultural ownership. Increasingly stringent laws and technological measures are more than incoveniences; they lock up access to our "cultural commons. " Postigo describes the legislative history of the DMCA and how policy "blind spots" produced a law at odds with existing and emerging consumer practices. Yet the DMCA established a political and legal rationale brought to bear on digital media, the Internet, and other new technologies. Drawing on social movement theory and science and technology studies, Postigo presents case studies of resistance to increased control over digital media, describing a host of tactics that range from hacking to lobbying. Postigo discusses the movement's new, user-centered conception of "fair use" that seeks to legitimize noncommercial personal and creative uses such as copying legitimately purchased content and remixing music and video tracks. He introduces the concept of technological resistance--when hackers and users design and deploy technologies that allows access to digital content despite technological protection mechanisms--as the flip side to the technological enforcement represented by digital copy protection and a crucial tactic for the movement.
Digital Risk Governance: Security Strategies for the Public and Private Sectors
by Walter Amedzro St-HilaireThis book discusses digital risk governance in a global context and provides practical solutions for sound digital policy. From cyber-attacks to the mechanisms of digital technical management on a global scale, this book identifies the fundamental areas of digital vulnerability for both states and businesses and outlines the means of securing them. Written with the digital security needs of the public and private sectors in mind, chapters provide approachable guidance on navigating national digital strategies for public and corporate cyber-risks, identifying mechanisms for embedding digital security over time, protecting both personal and strategic economic data, adapting regulations to digital challenges, and leveraging innovation and multilateralism for digital security. Providing a comprehensive view of digital risk mechanisms for multiple stakeholders, this volume will be useful for professionals and practitioners in technology governance, digital management, IS/risk management, digital security, and internet policy.
Digital Robbery: ATM Hacking and Implications (SpringerBriefs in Cybersecurity)
by Shun-Yung Kevin Wang Ming-Li HsiehThis book begins with a broader discussion of cybercrime and attacks targeting ATMs and then focuses on a specific type of cybercrime named “ATM Hacking.” It discusses ATM Hacking from a more full scope of aspects, including technology, modus operandi, law enforcement, socio-economic and geopolitical context, and theory development. After unpacking a classic case of ATM Hacking and its modus operandi, implications for cybersecurity and prevention, intra- and inter-agency collaboration, and theory development are presented.This book also demonstrates the analysis of extensive qualitative data collected from a high-profile case in which European criminal group hacked into a London voice mail server belonging to a Taiwanese financial institution – First Commercial Bank,. Then it programmed dozens of ATMs to “spit out” millions of dollars of cash. The successful crackdown on this type of crime is rare, if not unique, while the number of similar crimes has increased enormously in recent years and the trend seem to continue unabatingly. Further, the implications go beyond a country or a continent. Intra- and inter-agency collaboration among players of law enforcement is essential to the case especially in the police context of “turf jealousies.”The authors seek to document the ways in which agencies collaborate, as well as the perceived benefits and challenges of cooperation. Whether the broader political and contextual climates in which these agencies operate, limit the extent to which they can cooperate.This book is useful as a reference for researchers and professionals working in the area of cybercrime and cybersecurity. University professors can also use this book as a case study for senior seminars or graduate courses.
Digital @ Scale: The Playbook You Need to Transform Your Company
by Anand Swaminathan Jürgen MeffertA blueprint for reinventing the core of your business Value in the next phase of the digital era will go to those companies that don't just try digital but also scale it. Digital@Scale examines what it takes for companies to break through the gravitational pull of their legacy organizations and capture the full value of digital. Digging into more than fifty detailed case studies and years of McKinsey experience and data, the authors, along with a group of expert contributors, show how companies can move beyond incremental change to transform the business where the greatest value is generated—at its core. The authors provide practical insights into the three pillars of digital transformations that successfully scale: reinventing the business model, building out a business architecture from the customer back into the organization, and establishing an 'amoeba' IT and organizational foundation that learns and evolves. This is the ideal guide for all leaders who recognize the power and promise of a digital transformation.
Digital Schools
by Darrell M. WestNearly a century ago, famed educator John Dewey said that "if we teach today's students as we taught yesterday's, we rob them of tomorrow." That wisdom resonates more strongly than ever today, and that maxim underlies this insightful look at the present and future of education in the digital age.As Darrell West makes clear, today's educational institutions must reinvent themselves to engage students successfully and provide them with the skills needed to compete in an increasingly global, technological, and online world. Otherwise the American education system will continue to fall woefully short in its mission to prepare the population to survive and thrive in a rapidly changing world.West examines new models of education made possible by enhanced information technology, new approaches that will make public education in the post-industrial age more relevant, efficient, and ultimately more productive. Innovative pilot programs are popping up all over the nation, experimenting with different forms of organization and delivery systems. Digital Schools surveys this promising new landscape, examining in particular personalized learning; realtime student assessment; ways to enhance teacher evaluation; the untapped potential of distance learning; and the ways in which technology can improve the effectiveness of special education and foreign language instruction. West illustrates the potential contributions of blogs, wikis, social media, and video games and augmented reality in K-12 and higher education.Technology by itself will not remake education. But if today's schools combine increased digitization with needed improvements in organization, operations, and culture, we can overcome current barriers, produce better results, and improve the manner in which schools function. And we can get back to teaching for tomorrow, rather than for yesterday.
Digital Schools
by Darrell M. WestNearly a century ago, famed educator John Dewey said that "if we teach today's students as we taught yesterday's, we rob them of tomorrow." That wisdom resonates more strongly than ever today, and that maxim underlies this insightful look at the present and future of education in the digital age.As Darrell West makes clear, today's educational institutions must reinvent themselves to engage students successfully and provide them with the skills needed to compete in an increasingly global, technological, and online world. Otherwise the American education system will continue to fall woefully short in its mission to prepare the population to survive and thrive in a rapidly changing world.West examines new models of education made possible by enhanced information technology, new approaches that will make public education in the post-industrial age more relevant, efficient, and ultimately more productive. Innovative pilot programs are popping up all over the nation, experimenting with different forms of organization and delivery systems. Digital Schools surveys this promising new landscape, examining in particular personalized learning; realtime student assessment; ways to enhance teacher evaluation; the untapped potential of distance learning; and the ways in which technology can improve the effectiveness of special education and foreign language instruction. West illustrates the potential contributions of blogs, wikis, social media, and video games and augmented reality in K-12 and higher education.Technology by itself will not remake education. But if today's schools combine increased digitization with needed improvements in organization, operations, and culture, we can overcome current barriers, produce better results, and improve the manner in which schools function. And we can get back to teaching for tomorrow, rather than for yesterday.
Digital Science: DSIC 2021 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #381)
by Tatiana AntipovaThis book gathers selected papers that were submitted to the 2021 International Conference on Digital Science (DSIC 2021) that aims to make available the discussion and the publication of papers on all aspects of single and multidisciplinary research on conference topics. DSIC 2021 was held on October 15–17, 2021. An important characteristic feature of conference is the short publication time and worldwide distribution. Written by respected researchers, the book covers a range of innovative topics related to: digital economics; digital education; digital engineering; digital environmental sciences; digital finance, business and banking; digital health care, hospitals and rehabilitation; digital media; digital medicine, pharma and public health; digital public administration; digital technology and applied sciences. This book may be used for private and professional non-commercial research and classroom use (e.g., sharing the contribution by mail or in hard copy form with research colleagues for their professional non-commercial research and classroom use); for use in presentations or handouts for any level students, researchers, etc.; for the further development of authors’ scientific career (e.g., by citing, and attaching contributions to job or grant application).
Digital Science (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #850)
by Tatiana Antipova Alvaro RochaThis book gathers the proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Digital Science (DSIC’18), held in Budva, Montenegro, on October 19 – 21, 2018. DSIC’18 was an international forum for researchers and practitioners to present and discuss the latest innovations, trends, results, experiences and concerns in Digital Science. The main goal of the Conference was to efficiently disseminate original findings in the natural and social sciences, art & the humanities. The contributions address the following topics: Digital Agriculture & Food Technology Digital Art & Humanities Digital Economics Digital Education Digital Engineering Digital Environmental Sciences Digital Finance, Business & Banking Digital Health Care, Hospitals & Rehabilitation Digital Media Digital Medicine, Pharma & Public Health Digital Public Administration Digital Technology & Applied Sciences Digital Virtual Reality
Digital Science 2019: Icis 2019 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1114)
by Tatiana Antipova Álvaro RochaThis book presents the proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Digital Science (DSIC 2019), held in Limassol, Cyprus, on October 11–13, 2019. DSIC 2019 was an international forum for researchers and practitioners to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, results, experiences and concerns in digital science. The main goal of the conference was to efficiently disseminate original findings in the natural and social sciences, art & the humanities. The contributions in the book address the following topics: Digital Art & Humanities Digital Economics Digital Education Digital Engineering Digital Finance, Business & Banking Digital Healthcare, Hospitals & Rehabilitation Digital Media Digital Medicine, Pharma & Public Health Digital Public Administration Digital Technology & Applied Sciences Digital Virtual Reality
Digital Screen Mediation in Education: Authentic and Agentive Technology Practices for Teaching and Learning
by Carla MeskillDigital Screen Mediation in Education explores the complex role of visual mediation in today’s digitally enhanced classrooms. While the notion that technology tools have agency—that they act to induce learning—pervades contemporary conversations about pedagogy, this unique volume reframes instructional agency around teachers. The book’s theoretically reinforced and multidisciplinary approach to enhancing effective instruction with screen-based technologies spans aesthetics, technical knowledge, teacher empowerment, social media, and beyond. Researchers in educational technology, instructional design, online learning, and digital pedagogies as well as prospective and practicing educators will find a rigorous treatment of how skilled, thoughtful teaching with, through, and around digital screens can bring about successful learning outcomes.
Digital Sculpting with Mudbox: Essential Tools and Techniques for Artists
by Bridgette Mongeon Mike de la FlorDigital sculpting is the use of tools to push, pull, smooth, grab, pinch or otherwise manipulate a digital object as if it were made of a real-life substance such as clay. Mudbox is the premier sculpting solution for digital artists, in that it allows them to naturally and easily sculpt detailed, organic characters and models in a way that feels like traditional sculpting.This book guides CG professionals through the process of creating amazing digital sculptures using the Mudbox arsenal of ground-breaking digital sculpting and 3D painting tools, and porting the models into their Maya or Max work.Artists will explore tried and true, traditional, sculpting techniques and learn to apply them to digital sculpting. A series of in-depth tutorials are incluced, each challenging them with progressively more complex models as they go on.Unique to this book are topics specific to fine art sculptors transitioning from traditional sculpting to digital sculpting. information found nowhere else for professional sculptors shows them how to successfully integrate digital sculpting into their workflow.Associated web site with: support files, models, materials, and textures for completing the tutorials in the book.
The Digital Seeker: A Guide for Digital Teams to Build Winning Experiences
by Raj K. DattaThe internet was supposed to connect us to endless possibilities. So why do we keep ending up browsing the same old sites and best-seller lists? When sellers don’t offer potential customers a compelling digital experience, consumers miss out on great products—and businesses miss a vital opportunity to grow.Raj K. De Datta, the founder of a company that powers digital-commerce experiences for many of the world’s biggest brands, offers an actionable playbook for companies looking to deliver better digital experiences. His key insight is that exceptional digital experiences are much more than marketplaces. They don’t just serve customers’ transactional needs but rather address the deeper problems for which they seek solutions. They are built on a digital-experience platform that provides agile, personalized, scalable performance. And they are created by product-centric digital teams, not traditional organizations.The Digital Seeker distills key lessons from the compelling stories of innovative businesses: not just tech companies but companies spanning a wide range of industries, including amusement parks, fashion, sports, health care, distribution, and the public sector. De Datta defines and explains the power of the seeker-centric philosophy—translating it into a core operational playbook for digital teams to achieve transformative results.Importantly, this book also offers crucial insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our digital lives and the long-term effects it will have on digital experiences of the future.
Digital Selling: How to Use Social Media and the Web to Generate Leads and Sell More
by Grant LeboffThe sales and marketing functions are increasingly converging, with lead generation now frequently arising from digital promotional campaigns, and the opportunities for tried and tested consultative sales techniques diminishing in the face of scarce customer attention and availability, as well as a plethora of readily accessible comparative product information. To take part in this process, salespeople need to understand and interact with customers via multiple channels, participating in social media in collaboration with marketing to influence purchasing decisions and convert contacts to sales. Digital Selling makes sense of the new paradigms in which a salesperson now operates. It outlines the new strategies required to make the most of the plentiful opportunities that exist, and provides the practical advice salespeople need to use the social web effectively, generate leads and sell more.Packed with great advice for business people on engaging with their customers online and via social media, Digital Selling explains why embracing the social web is vital, how the sales role changes in a digital environment, the lead generation model in a digital world, how to build your online network and more. As such, sales professionals, digital sales directors, senior directors, SME owners and anyone required to make strategic decisions, implement programmes, and go out and sell seeking new ideas and ways to reach their markets will benefit from this straightforward and practical book from one of today's thought leaders on digital sales and marketing.
Digital Services and Platforms. Considerations for Sourcing: 12th Global Sourcing Workshop 2018, La Thuile, Italy, February 21–24, 2018, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing #344)
by Julia Kotlarsky Ilan Oshri Leslie WillcocksThis book constitutes revised selected papers from the 12th international Global Sourcing Workshop 2018, held in La Thuile, Italy, in February 2018. The 9 contributions included were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The book offers a review of the key topics in sourcing of services, populated with practical frameworks that serve as a tool kit to students and managers. The range of topics covered in this book is wide and diverse, offering micro and macro perspectives on successful sourcing of services. Case studies from various organizations, industries and countries are used extensively throughout the book, giving it a unique position within the current literature offering.
Digital Sharing for Apple Users: A Take Control Crash Course
by Joe KissellLearn the best ways to share your data, documents, and devices!Beyond what's new in Yosemite or iOS 8 is the larger problem facing most of us--how to work effectively in today's ecosystem of devices, servers, and collaborators. Frankly, sharing with other people and devices is messy, because everyone wants something different. That's why this may be our most important book of the year, and why we are so grateful to Joe Kissell for taking on the challenge of describing how to share nearly everything you can think of in nearly every imaginable situation. The pre-reqs for this course include either an iOS device running iOS 8 or a Mac running 10.10 Yosemite, or both. Here are just a few of the gems in this book:How iCloud Photo Sharing and My Photo Stream are entirely differentHow to share photos fleetingly, privately, permanently, or with your fridgeThe best ways to sync a project's worth of files with othersServices to provide ubiquitous access to your own files across devicesQuick ways to make a file available for download by anyoneHow to share calendars with others, whether or not they use iCloudA tutorial on enabling Family SharingTweaky workarounds for contact sharing, which is surprisingly difficultHow to rip a DVD to your MacBook Air using an older Mac's SuperDriveHow to turn your iPhone or Mac into a Wi-Fi hotspotWays of watching your uncle work remotely, as you help him with iTunesApproaches to syncing Web browser bookmarks and tabs with multiple devicesHow to securely share a collection of passwords with someone elseThe list of essential but often frustrating tasks goes on and on, and the solutions go way beyond what Apple offers, so the book does too. Non-Apple products mentioned include 1Password, AirFoil, BitTorrent Sync, Cargo Lifter, CloudyTabs, Dropbox, Exchange, Facebook, Firefox Flickr, Google+, Google Calendar, Google Chrome, Google Docs, Instagram, iPhoto Library Manager, LastPass, Outlook, Pandora, PhotoCard, Printopia, Reflector, Rdio, Spotify, Syncmate, Syncphotos, Transporter, Twitter, Xmarks, and more.And, thanks to the Take Control Crash Course format, you can jump right to the chapter that answers your question, without having to read through lots of other information.
Digital Signal Processing: Illustration Using Python
by S Esakkirajan T Veerakumar Badri N SubudhiDigital signal processing deals with extraction of useful information from signals. Signal processing algorithms help observe, analyse and transform signals. The objective of this book is to develop signal processing algorithms using Python. Python is an interpreted, object-oriented high-level programming language widely used in various software development fields such as data science, machine learning, web development and more. Digital Signal Laboratory is playing an important role in realizing signal processing algorithms, utilizing different software solutions. The intention of this textbook is to implement signal processing algorithms using Python. Since Python is an open-source language, students, researchers, and faculty can install and work with it without spending money, reducing the financial burden on institutions. Each chapter in this book begins with prelab questions, a set of Python examples to illustrate the concepts, exercises to strengthen the understanding of the concepts, and objective questions to help students prepare for competitive examinations. This book serves as an undergraduate textbook, it can be used for individual study, and it can also be used as the textbook for related courses.
Digital Signal Processing: A Breadth-First Approach
by Muhammad Khan Syed K. Hasnain Mohsin JamilThe subject of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is enormously complex, involving many concepts, probabilities, and signal processing that are woven together in an intricate manner. To cope with this scope and complexity, many DSP texts are often organized around the “numerical examples” of a communication system. With such organization, readers can see through the complexity of DSP, they learn about the distinct concepts and protocols in one part of the communication system while seeing the big picture of how all parts fit together. From a pedagogical perspective, our personal experience has been that such approach indeed works well.Based on the authors’ extensive experience in teaching and research, Digital Signal Processing: a breadth-first approach is written with the reader in mind. The book is intended for a course on digital signal processing, for seniors and undergraduate students. The subject has high popularity in the field of electrical and computer engineering, and the authors consider all the needs and tools used in analysis and design of discrete time systems for signal processing.Key features of the book include:• The extensive use of MATLAB based examples to illustrate how to solve signal processing problems. The textbook includes a wealth of problems, with solutions• Worked-out examples have been included to explain new and difficult concepts, which help to expose the reader to real-life signal processing problems• The inclusion of FIR and IIR filter design further enrich the contents
Digital Signal Processing: An Introduction
by Dr. D. SundararajanThis textbook for a one semester introductory course in digital signal processing for senior undergraduate and first year graduate students in electrical and computer engineering departments is concise, highly readable, and yet provides comprehensive coverage of the topic. Each new topic is presented with examples and figures. The highly mathematical content of the topic is presented lucidly to make the learning the subject easier. Practical aspects of the subject are clearly indicated so that the student can apply the principles in real applications. Matlab programs for FIR filter design are provided as supplementary material online.