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Decoding Digital Consumer Behavior: Bridging Theory and Practice
by Alfonso PellegrinoThis book is a call to adopt more ethical, sustainable, and consumer-focused approaches in the digital era. The focus on consumer perceptions and expectations in a digital context is particularly relevant, as it delves into the psychological and behavioral aspects of digital interactions. The chapters on digital consumption and risk, and memory in the digital world, are pivotal in understanding how digital mediums impact consumer choices and brand recall. Online persuasion, a key topic, explores ethical and effective strategies for influencing consumer behavior, emphasizing the importance of authenticity and trust. The discussion on social comparison and its implications in digital consumption underscores the psychological impact of digital platforms. The chapters on humanistic and sustainable marketing, and digital customer experience, reflect the growing importance of ethical, sustainable practices, and customer-centric approaches in building brand loyalty. The book is an essential guide for marketing professionals and students, offering a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between digital marketing strategies and consumer behavior.
Decoding Liberation: The Promise of Free and Open Source Software (Routledge Studies in New Media and Cyberculture)
by Samir Chopra Scott D. DexterSoftware is more than a set of instructions for computers: it enables (and disables) political imperatives and policies. Nowhere is the potential for radical social and political change more apparent than in the practice and movement known as "free software." Free software makes the knowledge and innovation of its creators publicly available. This liberation of code—celebrated in free software’s explicatory slogan "Think free speech, not free beer"—is the foundation, for example, of the Linux phenomenon. Decoding Liberation provides a synoptic perspective on the relationships between free software and freedom. Focusing on five main themes—the emancipatory potential of technology, social liberties, the facilitation of creativity, the objectivity of computing as scientific practice, and the role of software in a cyborg world—the authors ask: What are the freedoms of free software, and how are they manifested? This book is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding how free software promises to transform not only technology but society as well.
Decoding Technology Acceptance in Education: A Cultural Studies Contribution (Routledge Research in Education)
by Caroline StockmanThe process of integrating technology into education often overlooks that technology is a sign; it is not a neutral message conveyor, but rather a material artefact placed into a context inevitably subject to culture. In an original and novel combination, Decoding Technology Acceptance in Education brings together two academic domains not previously pursued together, yet which diverge in many ways: cultural studies and technology acceptance studies. Drawing on empirical data, Stockman demonstrates that teachers activate a meaning-making process through encoding and decoding signs around technology as an artefact of culture, and as a result their acceptance behaviour and decisions rely on the dynamics of the cultural whole to which they belong. In this study, technology acceptance is revisited as an issue of cultural negotiation; the common approach, which provides an instrumental view on technology as a neutral tool, is insufficient for the topic of technology acceptance. Rather than proposing yet another model of technology acceptance, Decoding Technology Acceptance in Education offers a renewed frame of mind and the conclusions it provides are of vital importance to the theoretical and practical advancement of technology acceptance studies, as well as to the practical integration of technology into education. Providing original empirical evidence for the influence of culture on educational decision-making, the book raises awareness for the importance of cultural research in areas where it has been under-considered. This book will be of great interest to researchers, academics and postgraduate students engaged in the study of technology acceptance and technology use in education, as well as those interested in cultural studies.
Decoding the Metaverse: Expand Your Business Using Web3
by Chris DuffeyDiscover the profitable business opportunities within the metaverse and learn how you can and why you should get your company involved today. In Decoding the Metaverse, Creative Cloud strategist and Web3 expert Chris Duffey establishes a roadmap for entry to the metaverse. Written to help businesses get a handle on a complex new business opportunity, the book begins by explaining how previous iterations of the internet led to the creation of immersive digital technology with Web3 before detailing the building blocks of the metaverse. The book takes readers through the future of digital spaces, offering insight into immersive experiences, customer engagement, product-led growth and profitability. The chapters focus on the building blocks of the metaverse, including NFTs, blockchain, tokenomics, gaming and virtual real estate. Each chapter is paired with a corresponding case study from well-known brands currently working in the metaverse. Decoding the Metaverse ends with guiding principles about the ethical ramifications of immersive experiences and digital governance.Throughout Decoding the Metaverse, Duffey highlights the importance of reaching customers through shared immersive experiences. Showcasing the potential impact of working with Web3, he explains how companies can use these opportunities to further their reach and grow their revenue. Readers will step away from the book eager to get their companies involved today.
Decoding the World: A Roadmap For The Questioner
by Po Bronson Arvind GuptaA vision of the future where the latest Silicon Valley tech meets cutting-edge genetics.Decoding the World is a buddy adventure about the quest to live meaningfully in a world with such uncertainty. It starts with Po Bronson coming to IndieBio.Arvind Gupta created IndieBio as a laboratory for early biotech startups trying to solve major world problems. Glaciers melting. Dying bees. Infertility. Cancer. Ocean plastic. Pandemics.As they travel around the world, finding scientists to join their cause, the authors bring their first-hand experience to the great mysteries that haunt our future. Natural resource depletion. Job-taking robots. China's global influence.Decoding the World is the kind of book you get when you give two guys $40 million, a world full of messy big problems, a genetics laboratory to play in, and a set of Borges' collected works. After looking through their lens, you'll never see the world the same.
Decoding the World
by Po Bronson Arvind GuptaA vision of the future where the latest Silicon Valley tech meets cutting-edge genetics.Po Bronson and Arvind Gupta, venture capitalists from Silicon Valley, take everyday news headlines and decode them, leading us on a journey through their unique and highly entertaining view of the world. Each chapter is prefaced with a real-world headline from today's chaotic news cycle: Dying bees. Rogue planets. Beyond Meat. Glaciers melting. Bronson and Gupta decipher what's really going on behind these headlines, and why. They offer first-hand experience in funding technologies to solve these problems, most of which involve genetic engineering.But what the authors then do with that premise is always surprising and unexpected. One moment they are ripping it down to the bare bones physics or chemistry, and then they invoke history, philosophy, or psychology, all the while using joyful literary devices and storylines from popular movies. Decoding the World is the kind of book you get when you give two guys $40 million, a world full of messy big problems, a genetics laboratory to play in, and a set of Borges' collected works. After looking through their lens, you'll never see the world the same.(P)2020 Hachette Audio
Decolonial Pedagogy: Examining Sites of Resistance, Resurgence, and Renewal
by Njoki Nathani Wane Kimberly L. ToddThrough innovative and critical research, this anthology inquires and challenges issues of race and positionality, empirical sciences, colonial education models, and indigenous knowledges. Chapter authors from diverse backgrounds present empirical explorations that examine how decolonial work and Indigenous knowledges disrupt, problematize, challenge, and transform ongoing colonial oppression and colonial paradigm. This book utilizes provocative and critical research that takes up issues of race, the shortfalls of empirical sciences, colonial education models, and the need for a resurgence in Indigenous knowledges to usher in a new public sphere. This book is a testament of hope that places decolonization at the heart of our human community.
Decolonising Journalism Education in South Africa: Critical Perspectives (Routledge/UNISA Press Series)
by Ylva Rodny-Gumede Colin Chasi Zubeida Jaffer Mvuso PononoThis book is the culmination of several years of collaborative work. It is a unique contribution to the field of journalism because of the depth and variety of contributions it makes to the field. The scholars who contribute to this volume respond to the great need to rethink journalism from various perspectives including journalism training, research, the contents of the news media, language, media ethics, the safety of journalists and gender inequities in the news media. In doing this, they recognise how the societies that journalism address should themselves change.
Decolonising Political Communication in Africa: Reframing Ontologies (Routledge Contemporary Africa)
by Beschara Karam Bruce MutsvairoThis book uses decolonisation as a lens to interrogate political communication styles, performance, and practice in Africa and the diaspora. The book interrogates the theory and practice of political communication, using decolonial research methods to begin a process of self-reflexivity and the creation of a new approach to knowledge production about African political communication. In doing so, it explores political communication approaches that might until recently have been considered subversive or dissident: forms of political communication that served to challenge imposed western norms and to empower African citizens and their histories. Centring African scholarship, the book draws on case studies from across the continent, including Zimbabwe, South Africa, Nigeria and Ghana. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of politics, media and communication in Africa.
Deconstructing Ethnography
by Graham Button Andy Crabtree Mark Rouncefield Peter TolmieThis book aims to deconstruct ethnography to alert systems designers, and other stakeholders, to the issues presented by new approaches that move beyond the studies of 'work' and 'work practice' within the social sciences (in particular anthropology and sociology). The theoretical and methodological apparatus of the social sciences distort the social and cultural world as lived in and understood by ordinary members, whose common-sense understandings shape the actual milieu into which systems are placed and used. In Deconstructing Ethnography the authors show how 'new' calls are returning systems design to 'old' and problematic ways of understanding the social. They argue that systems design can be appropriately grounded in the social through the ordinary methods that members use to order their actions and interactions. This work is written for post-graduate students and researchers alike, as well as design practitioners who have an interest in bringing the social to bear on design in a systematic rather than a piecemeal way. This is not a 'how to' book, but instead elaborates the foundations upon which the social can be systematically built into the design of ubiquitous and interactive systems.
Deconstructing the Computer: Report of a Symposium
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesStarting in the mid 1990s, the United States economy experienced an unprecedented upsurge in economic productivity. Rapid technological change in communications, computing, and information management continue to promise further gains in productivity, a phenomenon often referred to as the New Economy. To better understand this phenomenon, the National Academies Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) has convened a series of workshops and commissioned papers on Measuring and Sustaining the New Economy. This major workshop, entitled Deconstructing the Computer, brought together leading industrialists and academic researchers to explore the contribution of the different components of computers to improved price-performance and quality of information systems. The objective was to help understand the sources of the remarkable growth of American productivity in the 1990s, the relative contributions of computers and their underlying components, and the evolution and future contributions of the technologies supporting this positive economic performance.
Deconstructing the Elements with 3ds Max: Create natural fire, earth, air and water without plug-ins
by Pete Draper3ds Max is the leading 3D modeling, animation, and rendering solution for artists, schools, and production environments. The unique tutorial approach of this book permits readers to learn essential techniques that every 3D artist needs to create CG environments by recreating the earth's elements of earth, air, fire and water. No extra plug-ins are required to perform the exercises. Draper studies the real world and then simlates it with 3ds Max -a unique approach that reflects classical art training."Deconstructing the Elements" allows artists to re-create natural effects using Autodesk® 3ds Max®. This new edition boasts all new tutorials. All editorial content is updated to be current with the current version of 3ds Max. Inspirational images cover every page as the author shares his professional insight, detailing the how and why of each effect, ensuring the reader a complete understanding of all the processes involved. The companion web site includes all of the tutorials from the previous two editions, only available to purchasers of this 3rd edition - plus all new tutorials of the current edition. It's like getting 3 books in one!
Deconstruction Machines: Writing in the Age of Cyberwar (Electronic Mediations #54)
by Justin JoqueA bold new theory of cyberwar argues that militarized hacking is best understood as a form of deconstruction From shadowy attempts to steal state secrets to the explosive destruction of Iranian centrifuges, cyberwar has been a vital part of statecraft for nearly thirty years. But although computer-based warfare has been with us for decades, it has changed dramatically since its emergence in the 1990s, and the pace of change is accelerating.In Deconstruction Machines, Justin Joque inquires into the fundamental nature of cyberwar through a detailed investigation of what happens at the crisis points when cybersecurity systems break down and reveal their internal contradictions. He concludes that cyberwar is best envisioned as a series of networks whose constantly shifting connections shape its very possibilities. He ultimately envisions cyberwar as a form of writing, advancing the innovative thesis that cyber attacks should be seen as a militarized form of deconstruction in which computer programs are systems that operate within the broader world of texts. Throughout, Joque addresses hot-button subjects such as technological social control and cyber-resistance entities like Anonymous and Wikileaks while also providing a rich, detailed history of cyberwar. Deconstruction Machines provides a necessary new interpretation of deconstruction and timely analysis of media, war, and technology.
Decoupled Django: Understand and Build Decoupled Django Architectures for JavaScript Front-ends
by Valentino GagliardiApply decoupling patterns, properly test a decoupled project, and integrate a Django API with React, and Vue.js. This book covers decoupled architectures in Django, with Django REST framework and GraphQL. With practical and simple examples, you’ll see firsthand how, why, and when to decouple a Django project. Starting with an introduction to decoupled architectures versus monoliths, with a strong focus on the modern JavaScript scene, you’ll implement REST and GraphQL APIs with Django, add authentication to a decoupled project, and test the backend. You’ll then review functional testing for JavaScript frontends with Cypress. You will also learn how to integrate GraphQL in a Django project, with a focus on the benefits and drawbacks of this new query language. By the end of this book, you will be able to discern and apply all the different decoupling strategies to any Django project, regardless of its size.What You'll Learn Choose the right approach for decoupling a Django projectBuild REST APIs with Django and a Django REST frameworkIntegrate Vue.js and GraphQL in a Django projectConsume a Django REST API with Next.jsTest decoupled Django projects Who This Book Is ForSoftware developers with basic Django skills keen to learn decoupled architectures with Django. JavaScript developers interested in learning full-stack development and decoupled architectures with Django.
Decoupled Drupal in Practice: Architect and Implement Decoupled Drupal Architectures Across the Stack
by Preston SoGain a clear understanding of the most important concepts in the decoupled CMS landscape. You will learn how to architect and implement decoupled Drupal architectures across the stack—from building the back end and designing APIs to integrating with front-end technologies. You'll also review presenting data through consumer applications in widely adopted technologies such as Angular, Ember, React, and Vue.js.Featuring a foreword by Drupal founder and project lead Dries Buytaert, the first part of this book chronicles the history of the CMS and the server–client divide, analyzes the risks and rewards of decoupled CMS architectures, and presents architectural patterns. From there, the book explores the core and contributed landscape for decoupled Drupal, authentication mechanisms, and the surrounding tooling ecosystem before delving into consumer implementations in a variety of technologies. Finally, a series of chapters on advanced topics feature the Drupal REST plugin system, schemas and generated documentation, and caching. Several projects point to a decoupled future for Drupal, including the Contenta CMS and work to modernize Drupal's JavaScript using React. Begin learning about these and other exciting developments with Decoupled Drupal today. What You’ll Learn Evaluate the risks and rewards of decoupled Drupal and classify its architecturesAuthenticate requests to Drupal using OAuth, JWT, and Basic AuthenticationConsume and manipulate Drupal content via API through HTTP requestsIntegrate with other consumer applications for native mobile and desktop as well as set-top boxes (Roku, Apple TV, Samsung TV)Add new resources to Drupal's REST API using the REST plugin systemGenerate API documentation that complies with the OpenAPI (Swagger) standardWho This Book Is For Those with some exposure to CMSes like WordPress and Drupal and those who wish to follow along with JavaScript application development will benefit. A familiarity with API-first or services-oriented architectures is helpful but not presumed.
Decrypting the Encryption Debate: A Framework For Decision Makers
by Engineering Medicine National Academies of SciencesEncryption protects information stored on smartphones, laptops, and other devices - in some cases by default. Encrypted communications are provided by widely used computing devices and services - such as smartphones, laptops, and messaging applications - that are used by hundreds of millions of users. Individuals, organizations, and governments rely on encryption to counter threats from a wide range of actors, including unsophisticated and sophisticated criminals, foreign intelligence agencies, and repressive governments. Encryption on its own does not solve the challenge of providing effective security for data and systems, but it is an important tool. At the same time, encryption is relied on by criminals to avoid investigation and prosecution, including criminals who may unknowingly benefit from default settings as well as those who deliberately use encryption. Thus, encryption complicates law enforcement and intelligence investigations. When communications are encrypted "end-to-end," intercepted messages cannot be understood. When a smartphone is locked and encrypted, the contents cannot be read if the phone is seized by investigators. Decrypting the Encryption Debate reviews how encryption is used, including its applications to cybersecurity; its role in protecting privacy and civil liberties; the needs of law enforcement and the intelligence community for information; technical and policy options for accessing plaintext; and the international landscape. This book describes the context in which decisions about providing authorized government agencies access to the plaintext version of encrypted information would be made and identifies and characterizes possible mechanisms and alternative means of obtaining information.
Deductive Databases and Their Applications
by Robert M. ColombDeductive Databases and their Applications is an introductory text aimed at undergraduate students with some knowledge of database and information systems. The text comes complete with exercises and solutions to encourage students to tackle problems practically as well as theoretically. The author presents the origins of deductive databases in Prol
Deductive Software Verification: Reflections on the Occasion of 20 Years of KeY (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12345)
by Wolfgang Ahrendt Bernhard Beckert Richard Bubel Reiner Hähnle Mattias UlbrichThis book presents reflections on the occasion of 20 years on the KeY project that focuses on deductive software verification.Since the inception of the KeY project two decades ago, the area of deductive verification has evolved considerably. Support for real world programming languages by deductive program verification tools has become prevalent. This required to overcome significant theoretical and technical challenges to support advanced software engineering and programming concepts. The community became more interconnected with a competitive, but friendly and supportive environment. We took the 20-year anniversary of KeY as an opportunity to invite researchers, inside and outside of the project, to contribute to a book capturing some state-of-the-art developments in the field. We received thirteen contributions from recognized experts of the field addressing the latest challenges. The topics of the contributions range from tool development, effciency and usability considerations to novel specification and verification methods. This book should offer the reader an up-to-date impression of the current state of art in deductive verification, and we hope, inspire her to contribute to the field and to join forces. We are looking forward to meeting you at the next conference, to listen to your research talks and the resulting fruitful discussions and collaborations.
The Deductive Spreadsheet
by Iliano CervesatoThis book describes recent multidisciplinary research at the confluence of the fields of logic programming, database theory and human-computer interaction. The goal of this effort was to develop the basis of a deductive spreadsheet, a user productivity application that allows users without formal training in computer science to make decisions about generic data in the same simple way they currently use spreadsheets to make decisions about numerical data. The result is an elegant design supported by the most recent developments in the above disciplines. The first half of the book focuses on the deductive engine that underlies this application, the foundations that users do not see. After giving a mathematical model of traditional spreadsheet applications, we extend them with operators to perform a number of relational tasks, similar to the user view of a database but in a spreadsheet context. Expressing this extension in a logic programming framework is a natural step towards giving it powerful deductive capabilities. The second half of the book deals with the user interface, the part of the application with which the user actually interacts. We review the elements of the graphical user interface of traditional spreadsheet applications and describe practical methodologies for designing user interfaces borrowed from the field of cognitive psychology. We then propose a design that conservatively integrates mechanisms for a user to take advantage of the new deductive capabilities. This is followed by the results of some preliminary usability experiments. The book will appeal to researchers and practitioners in the various areas underlying this work. Researchers will not only find interesting new developments in their domains, but will also learn how to achieve a multidisciplinary focus. Practitioners will find fully developed solutions to numerous problems that are not easily solvable using traditional spreadsheet applications.
Deep and Shallow: Machine Learning in Music and Audio
by Shlomo Dubnov Ross GreerProviding an essential and unique bridge between the theories of signal processing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) in music, this book provides a holistic overview of foundational ideas in music, from the physical and mathematical properties of sound to symbolic representations. Combining signals and language models in one place, this book explores how sound may be represented and manipulated by computer systems, and how our devices may come to recognize particular sonic patterns as musically meaningful or creative through the lens of information theory. Introducing popular fundamental ideas in AI at a comfortable pace, more complex discussions around implementations and implications in musical creativity are gradually incorporated as the book progresses. Each chapter is accompanied by guided programming activities designed to familiarize readers with practical implications of discussed theory, without the frustrations of free-form coding. Surveying state-of-the art methods in applications of deep neural networks to audio and sound computing, as well as offering a research perspective that suggests future challenges in music and AI research, this book appeals to both students of AI and music, as well as industry professionals in the fields of machine learning, music, and AI.
Deep Belief Nets in C++ and CUDA C: Restricted Boltzmann Machines And Supervised Feedforward Networks (Deep Belief Nets In C++ And Cuda C Ser.)
by Timothy MastersDiscover the essential building blocks of the most common forms of deep belief networks. At each step this book provides intuitive motivation, a summary of the most important equations relevant to the topic, and concludes with highly commented code for threaded computation on modern CPUs as well as massive parallel processing on computers with CUDA-capable video display cards. The first of three in a series on C++ and CUDA C deep learning and belief nets, Deep Belief Nets in C++ and CUDA C: Volume 1 shows you how the structure of these elegant models is much closer to that of human brains than traditional neural networks; they have a thought process that is capable of learning abstract concepts built from simpler primitives. As such, you’ll see that a typical deep belief net can learn to recognize complex patterns by optimizing millions of parameters, yet this model can still be resistant to overfitting. All the routines and algorithms presented in the book are available in the code download, which also contains some libraries of related routines. What You Will LearnEmploy deep learning using C++ and CUDA CWork with supervised feedforward networks Implement restricted Boltzmann machines Use generative samplingsDiscover why these are importantWho This Book Is ForThose who have at least a basic knowledge of neural networks and some prior programming experience, although some C++ and CUDA C is recommended.
Deep Belief Nets in C++ and CUDA C: Convolutional Nets
by Timothy MastersDiscover the essential building blocks of a common and powerful form of deep belief network: convolutional nets. This book shows you how the structure of these elegant models is much closer to that of human brains than traditional neural networks; they have a ‘thought process’ that is capable of learning abstract concepts built from simpler primitives. These models are especially useful for image processing applications. At each step Deep Belief Nets in C++ and CUDA C: Volume 3 presents intuitive motivation, a summary of the most important equations relevant to the topic, and concludes with highly commented code for threaded computation on modern CPUs as well as massive parallel processing on computers with CUDA-capable video display cards. Source code for all routines presented in the book, and the executable CONVNET program which implements these algorithms, are available for free download.What You Will LearnDiscover convolutional nets and how to use themBuild deep feedforward nets using locally connected layers, pooling layers, and softmax outputsMaster the various programming algorithms requiredCarry out multi-threaded gradient computations and memory allocations for this threadingWork with CUDA code implementations of all core computations, including layer activations and gradient calculationsMake use of the CONVNET program and manual to explore convolutional nets and case studiesWho This Book Is ForThose who have at least a basic knowledge of neural networks and some prior programming experience, although some C++ and CUDA C is recommended.
Deep Belief Nets in C++ and CUDA C: Autoencoding In The Complex Domain
by Timothy MastersDiscover the essential building blocks of a common and powerful form of deep belief net: the autoencoder. You’ll take this topic beyond current usage by extending it to the complex domain for signal and image processing applications. Deep Belief Nets in C++ and CUDA C: Volume 2 also covers several algorithms for preprocessing time series and image data. These algorithms focus on the creation of complex-domain predictors that are suitable for input to a complex-domain autoencoder. Finally, you’ll learn a method for embedding class information in the input layer of a restricted Boltzmann machine. This facilitates generative display of samples from individual classes rather than the entire data distribution. The ability to see the features that the model has learned for each class separately can be invaluable. At each step this book provides you with intuitive motivation, a summary of the most important equations relevant to the topic, and highly commented code for threaded computation on modern CPUs as well as massive parallel processing on computers with CUDA-capable video display cards. What You'll LearnCode for deep learning, neural networks, and AI using C++ and CUDA CCarry out signal preprocessing using simple transformations, Fourier transforms, Morlet wavelets, and moreUse the Fourier Transform for image preprocessingImplement autoencoding via activation in the complex domainWork with algorithms for CUDA gradient computationUse the DEEP operating manualWho This Book Is ForThose who have at least a basic knowledge of neural networks and some prior programming experience, although some C++ and CUDA C is recommended.
Deep Biometrics (Unsupervised and Semi-Supervised Learning)
by Richard Jiang Danny Crookes Chang-Tsun Li Weizhi Meng Christophe RosenbergerThis book highlights new advances in biometrics using deep learning toward deeper and wider background, deeming it “Deep Biometrics”. The book aims to highlight recent developments in biometrics using semi-supervised and unsupervised methods such as Deep Neural Networks, Deep Stacked Autoencoder, Convolutional Neural Networks, Generative Adversary Networks, and so on. The contributors demonstrate the power of deep learning techniques in the emerging new areas such as privacy and security issues, cancellable biometrics, soft biometrics, smart cities, big biometric data, biometric banking, medical biometrics, healthcare biometrics, and biometric genetics, etc. The goal of this volume is to summarize the recent advances in using Deep Learning in the area of biometric security and privacy toward deeper and wider applications.Highlights the impact of deep learning over the field of biometrics in a wide area;Exploits the deeper and wider background of biometrics, such as privacy versus security, biometric big data, biometric genetics, and biometric diagnosis, etc.;Introduces new biometric applications such as biometric banking, internet of things, cloud computing, and medical biometrics.
Deep Cognitive Networks: Enhance Deep Learning by Modeling Human Cognitive Mechanism (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Yan Huang Liang WangAlthough deep learning models have achieved great progress in vision, speech, language, planning, control, and many other areas, there still exists a large performance gap between deep learning models and the human cognitive system. Many researchers argue that one of the major reasons accounting for the performance gap is that deep learning models and the human cognitive system process visual information in very different ways. To mimic the performance gap, since 2014, there has been a trend to model various cognitive mechanisms from cognitive neuroscience, e.g., attention, memory, reasoning, and decision, based on deep learning models. This book unifies these new kinds of deep learning models and calls them deep cognitive networks, which model various human cognitive mechanisms based on deep learning models. As a result, various cognitive functions are implemented, e.g., selective extraction, knowledge reuse, and problem solving, for more effective information processing. This book first summarizes existing evidence of human cognitive mechanism modeling from cognitive psychology and proposes a general framework of deep cognitive networks that jointly considers multiple cognitive mechanisms. Then, it analyzes related works and focuses primarily but not exclusively, on the taxonomy of four key cognitive mechanisms (i.e., attention, memory, reasoning, and decision) surrounding deep cognitive networks. Finally, this book studies two representative cases of applying deep cognitive networks to the task of image-text matching and discusses important future directions.