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Disruptive Technology Enhanced Learning
by Michael FlavinThis book is about how technologies are used in practice to support learning and teaching in higher education. Despite digitization and e-learning becoming ever-increasingly popular in university teaching settings, this book convincingly argues instead in favour of simple and convenient technologies, thus disrupting traditional patterns of learning, teaching and assessment. Michael Flavin uses Disruptive Innovation theory, Activity Theory and the Community of Practice theory as lenses through which to examine technology enhanced learning. This book will be of great interest to all academics with teaching responsibilities, as it illuminates how technologies are used in practice, and is also highly relevant to postgraduate students and researchers in education and technology enhanced learning. It will be especially valuable to leaders and policy-makers in higher education, as it provides insights to inform decision-making on technology enhanced learning at both an institutional and sectoral level.
Disruptive Technology, Legal Innovation, and the Future of Real Estate
by Amnon Lehavi Ronit Levine-SchnurThis book addresses challenges that new technologies and the big data revolution pose to existing regulatory and legal frameworks. The volume discusses issues such as blockchain and its implications for property transactions and taxes, three (or four) dimensional title registration, land use and urban planning in the age of big data, and the future of property rights in light of these changes. The book brings together an interdisciplinary collection of chapters that revolve around the potential influence of disruptive technologies on existing legal norms and the future development of real estate markets. The book is divided into five parts. Part I presents a survey of the current available research on blockchain and real estate. Part II provides a background on property law for the volume, grounding it in fundamental theory. Part III discusses the changing landscapes of property rights while Part IV debates the potential effects of blockchain on land registration. Finally the book concludes with Part V, which is devoted to new technological applications relevant to real estate. Providing an interdisciplinary perspective on emerging technologies that have the potential to disrupt the real estate industry and the regulation of it, this book will appeal to a broad audience, consisting of scholars, policy-makers, practitioners, and students, interested in real estate, law, economics, blockchain, and technology policy.
Disruptive Trends in Computer Aided Diagnosis (Chapman & Hall/CRC Computational Intelligence and Its Applications)
by Rik DasDisruptive Trends in Computer Aided Diagnosis collates novel techniques and methodologies in the domain of content based image classification and deep learning/machine learning techniques to design efficient computer aided diagnosis architecture. It is aimed to highlight new challenges and probable solutions in the domain of computer aided diagnosis to leverage balancing of sustainable ecology. The volume focuses on designing efficient algorithms for proposing CAD systems to mitigate the challenges of critical illnesses at an early stage. State-of-the-art novel methods are explored for envisaging automated diagnosis systems thereby overriding the limitations due to lack of training data, sample annotation, region of interest identification, proper segmentation and so on. The assorted techniques addresses the challenges encountered in existing systems thereby facilitating accurate patient healthcare and diagnosis. Features: An integrated interdisciplinary approach to address complex computer aided diagnosis problems and limitations. Elucidates a rich summary of the state-of-the-art tools and techniques related to automated detection and diagnosis of life threatening diseases including pandemics. Machine learning and deep learning methodologies on evolving accurate and precise early detection and medical diagnosis systems. Information presented in an accessible way for students, researchers and medical practitioners. The volume would come to the benefit of both post-graduate students and aspiring researchers in the field of medical informatics, computer science and electronics and communication engineering. In addition, the volume is also intended to serve as a guiding factor for the medical practitioners and radiologists in accurate diagnosis of diseases.
Disruptive and Game Changing Technologies in Modern Warfare: Development, Use, and Proliferation (Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications)
by Margaret E. KosalThis book explores and analyzes emerging innovations within today’s most cutting-edge science and technology (S&T) areas, which are cited as carrying the potential to revolutionize governmental structures, economies, and international security. Some have argued that such technologies will yield doomsday scenarios and that military applications of such technologies have even greater potential than nuclear weapons to radically change the balance of power. As the United States looks to the future – whether dominated by extremist groups co-opting advanced weapons in the world of globalized non-state actors or states engaged in persistent regional conflicts in areas of strategic interest – new adversaries and new science and technology will emerge. Choices made today that affect science and technology will impact how ably the US can and will respond. Chapters within the book look at the changing strategic environment in which security operations are planned and conducted; how these impact science and technology policy choices made today; and predictions of how science and technology may play a beneficial or deleterious role in the future. Some game changing technologies have received global attention, while others may be less well known; the new technologies discussed within this proposal, as well as future discoveries, may significantly alter military capabilities and may generate new threats against military and civilian sectors.
Disruptive technologies in Computing and Communication Systems: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Disruptive technologies in Computing and Communication Systems
by K. Venkata Murali Mohan M. Suresh BabuThe 1st International Conference on Disruptive Technologies in Computing and Communication Systems (ICDTCCS - 2023) has received overwhelming response on call for papers and over 119 papers from all over globe were received. We must appreciate the untiring contribution of the members of the organizing committee and Reviewers Board who worked hard to review the papers and finally a set of 69 technical papers were recommended for publication in the conference proceedings. We are grateful to the Chief Guest Prof Atul Negi, Dean – Hyderabad Central University, Guest of Honor Justice John S Spears -Professor University of West Los Angeles CA, and Keynote Speakers Prof A. Govardhan, Rector JNTU H, Prof A.V.Ramana Registrar – S.K.University, Dr Tara Bedi Trinity College Dublin, Prof C.R.Rao – Professor University of Hyderabad, Mr Peddigari Bala, Chief Innovation Officer TCS, for kindly accepting the invitation to deliver the valuable speech and keynote address in the same. We would like to convey our gratitude to Prof D. Asha Devi - SNIST, Dr B.Deevena Raju – ICFAI University, Dr Nekuri Naveen - HCU, Dr A.Mahesh Babu - KLH, Dr K.Hari Priya – Anurag University and Prof Kameswara Rao –SRK Bhimavaram for giving consent as session Chair. We are also thankful to our Chairman Sri Teegala Krishna Reddy, Secretary Dr. T.Harinath Reddy and Sri T. Amarnath Reddy for providing funds to organize the conference. We are also thankful to the contributors whose active interest and participation to ICDTCCS - 2023 has made the conference a glorious success. Finally, so many people have extended their helping hands in many ways for organizing the conference successfully. We are especially thankful to them.
Dissecting Regulatory Interactions of RNA and Protein
by Marvin JensThe work described in this book is an excellent example of interdisciplinary research in systems biology. It shows how concepts and approaches from the field of physics can be efficiently used to answer biological questions and reports on a novel methodology involving creative computer-based analyses of high-throughput biological data. Many of the findings described in the book, which are the result of collaborations between the author (a theoretical scientist) and experimental biologists and between different laboratories, have been published in high-quality peer-reviewed journals such as Molecular Cell and Nature. However, while those publications address different aspects of post-transcriptional gene regulation, this book provides readers with a complete, coherent and logical view of the research project as a whole. The introduction presents post-transcriptional gene regulation from a distinct angle, highlighting aspects of information theory and evolution and laying the groundwork for the questions addressed in the subsequent chapters, which concern the regulation of the transcriptome as the primary functional carrier of active genetic information.
Distance Education: What Works Well
by Michael CorryDon&’t start from scratch! Learn what works-and what doesn&’t-in providing education to off-campus students! This unique compilation presents practical advice on how to set up distance learning programs that effectively serve the needs of students who don&’t have access to the campus. The book examines issues surrounding development, implementation, teacher training, time management, and other important aspects of distance education. Distance Education: What Works Well brings you lessons garnered from real-life experiences at several institutions to help you explore the pros and cons of distance education-and what it takes to implement a distance program that really works. In the first half of Distance Education: What Works Well you&’ll examine: the development of a digital high school-from the early stages through "rookie camp" experiences practical recommendations on how to design successful online high school programs what has worked well-and what has not-in terms of distance education in the rural K-12 environment the successful and not-so-successful aspects of an innovative distance education project that encourages collaboration between high schools and middle schools The second half of this informative book presents practical advice to help you set up distance learning programs that make the most of available technology. You&’ll learn: how to train faculty to effectively use distance education techniques the importance of student-teacher and student-student interaction in a distance education setting-and how to build active online communities that keep students and faculty in touch the roles and functions of moderators in online education-and the skills they need to be effective six effective tactics designed to optimize online time how to decide whether distance education is the right choice for you
Distance Learning Online for Dummies
by Nancy StevensonDistance Learning Online For Dummies is your perfect resource for navigating the rocky waters of distance learning. Find the right school for you, figure out the costs of classes, get registered, and go to school. Each step along this path can be intimidating, unless you have this book! Author Nancy Stevenson makes getting over these hurdles fun, with practical advice that will get you working towards that degree in no time at all. Once you're in class, she'll still be there to help you with correct etiquette for the virtual classroom, study tips, and advice on the best web tools to complement your learning experience! Includes a chapter on distance learning for people with disabilities.
Distance Learning Programs 2005
by Peterson'sFeatures include: Descriptions of more than 3,500 degree and certificate programs; Financial aid options specifically for distance learners; Accreditation--what it's all about and why it's important; Information on distance learning consortia--the next big thing in distance learning; Tips on choosing the right program.
Distance Learning, E-Learning and Blended Learning in Mathematics Education: International Trends in Research and Development (ICME-13 Monographs)
by Jason Silverman Veronica HoyosThis book builds on current and emerging research in distance learning, e-learning and blended learning. Specifically, it tests the boundaries of what is known by examining and discussing recent research and development in teaching and learning based on these modalities, with a focus on lifelong mathematics learning and teaching. The book is organized in four sections: The first section focuses on the incorporation of new technologies into mathematics classrooms through the construction or use of digital teaching and learning platforms. The second section presents a wide range of perspectives on the study and implementation of different tutoring systems and/or computer assisted math instruction. The third section presents four new innovations in mathematics learning and/or mathematics teacher education that involve the development of novel interfaces’ for communicating mathematical ideas and analyzing student thinking and student work. Finally, the fourth section presents the latest work on the construction and implementation of new MOOCs and rich media platforms developed to carry out specialized mathematics teacher education.
Distance Learning: The Essential Guide
by Marcia L. Williams Kenneth Paprock Barbara CovingtonExamines issues relevant to distance learning, such as skills needed by teleteachers/teletrainers, integrating current equipment with new technology, and educational research.
Distance Teaching For Higher and Adult Education (Routledge Library Editions: Adult Education)
by Anthony Tony Kaye And Greville RumbleOriginally published in 1981 this volume provides a detailed analysis of the factors - strategic, pedagogic, operational, organisational and financial -which should be taken into account in the planning and running of large-scale, centralised distance education systems at the higher education level. The book uses evidence drawn from Open University type institutions in Canada, Costa Rica, Germany, Iran, Israel, Pakistan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Venezuela and the UK.
Distance and Blended Learning in Asia (Open and Flexible Learning Series)
by Insung Jung Colin LatchemDistance and Blended Learning in Asia is a unique and comprehensive overview of open, distance learning (ODL) and information and communication technology (ICT) in Asian education and training. Broad in coverage, this book critically examines ODL and ICT experiences from Japan to Turkey and from Sri Lanka to Mongolia – drawing conclusions from the successes and failures, and recommending ways in which planning, management and practice may be developed for the world’s largest concentration of adult open and distance learners. This pioneering book draws on Asian theory, research and practice to identify the strengths, weaknesses and challenges in all sectors of Asian education and training. It critically and insightfully discusses the ideas, skills and practices that are necessary to advance knowledge in leadership and management, professional development, innovation and quality assurance and research and diffusion. Distance and Blended Learning in Asia provides an insightful, informative and critical review of ODL / ICT developments in schools, open schooling, colleges, universities, workplace training, professional development and non-formal adult and community education. The book is an invaluable reference for ODL / ICT professionals, educators and students anywhere in the world, and is essential reading for all of those involved in ODL / ICT in Asia.
Distance and E-learning in Transition: Learning Innovation, Technology and Social Challenges
by Martine Vidal Alan Tait Ulrich Bernath András SzücsThe rushed development of information and communication technologies and their impact on the world of learning in the last decade have profoundly changed the paradigms, scenarios and values at all levels of education. The professionalization of tools and practices, in addition to the consolidation of academic and practical knowledge, has been a major continuing issue throughout these years. The annual conferences of the largest European professional community in distance and e-learning have been setting the landmarks in this process. The selection from this unique knowledge pool demonstrates the deepening and consolidation of knowledge and experience. This book presents the developments in the field of open, distance and e-learning, through new technologies, methodologies and tools, which have profoundly changed the paradigms, scenarios and values at all levels of education over the last decade.
Distant Connections: The Memory Basis of Creative Analogy (SpringerBriefs in Psychology)
by Máximo Trench Ricardo A. MinervinoAnalogical thinking lies at the core of human cognition, pervading from the most mundane to the most extraordinary forms of creativity. By connecting poorly understood phenomena to learned situations whose structure is well articulated, it allows reasoners to expand the boundaries of their knowledge. The first part of the book begins by fleshing out the debate around whether our cognitive system is well-suited for creative analogizing, and ends by reviewing a series of studies that were designed to decide between the experimental and the naturalistic accounts. The studies confirm the psychological reality of the surface bias revealed by most experimental studies, thus claiming for realistic solutions to the problem of inert knowledge. The second part of the book delves into cognitive interventions, while maintaining an emphasis on the interplay between psychological modeling and instructional applications. It begins by reviewing the first generation of instructional interventions aimed at improving the later retrievability of educational contents by highlighting their abstract structure. Subsequent chapters discuss the most realistic avenues for devising easily-executable and widely-applicable ways of enhancing access to stored knowledge that would otherwise remain inert. The authors review results from studies from both others and their own lab that speak of the promise of these approaches.
Distant Horizons: Digital Evidence and Literary Change
by Ted UnderwoodJust as a traveler crossing a continent won’t sense the curvature of the earth, one lifetime of reading can’t grasp the largest patterns organizing literary history. This is the guiding premise behind Distant Horizons, which uses the scope of data newly available to us through digital libraries to tackle previously elusive questions about literature. Ted Underwood shows how digital archives and statistical tools, rather than reducing words to numbers (as is often feared), can deepen our understanding of issues that have always been central to humanistic inquiry. Without denying the usefulness of time-honored approaches like close reading, narratology, or genre studies, Underwood argues that we also need to read the larger arcs of literary change that have remained hidden from us by their sheer scale. Using both close and distant reading to trace the differentiation of genres, transformation of gender roles, and surprising persistence of aesthetic judgment, Underwood shows how digital methods can bring into focus the larger landscape of literary history and add to the beauty and complexity we value in literature.
Distant Viewing: Computational Exploration of Digital Images
by Taylor Arnold Lauren TiltonA new theory and methodology for the application of computer vision methods to the computational analysis of collected, digitized visual materials, called &“distant viewing.&”Distant Viewing: Computational Exploration of Digital Images presents a new theory and methodology for the computational analysis of digital images, offering a lively, constructive critique of computer vision that you can actually use. What does it mean to say that computer vision &“understands&” visual inputs? Annotations never capture a whole image. The way digital images convey information requires what researchers Taylor Arnold and Lauren Tilton call &“distant viewing&”—a play on the well-known term &“distant reading&” from computational literary analysis.Recognizing computer vision&’s limitations, Arnold and Tilton&’s spirited examination makes the technical exciting by applying distant viewing to the sitcoms Bewitched and I Dream of Jeannie, movie posters and other popular forms of advertising, and Dorothea Lange&’s photography. In the tradition of visual culture studies and computer vision, Distant Viewing&’s interdisciplinary perspective encompasses film and media studies, visual semiotics, and the sciences to create a playful, accessible guide for an international audience working in digital humanities, data science, media studies, and visual culture studies.
Distibuted Systems: Design and Algorithms (Wiley-iste Ser.)
by Fabrice Kordon Laurent Pautet Laure Petrucci Serge HaddadIn today’s digital environment, distributed systems are increasingly present in a wide variety of environments, ranging from public software applications to critical systems. Distributed Systems introduces the underlying concepts, the associated design techniques and the related security issues. Distributed Systems: Design and Algorithms, is dedicated to engineers, students, and anyone familiar with algorithms and programming, who want to know more about distributed systems. These systems are characterized by: several components with one or more threads, possibly running on different processors; asynchronous communications with possible additional assumptions (reliability, order preserving, etc.); local views for every component and no shared data between components. This title presents distributed systems from a point of view dedicated to their design and their main principles: the main algorithms are described and placed in their application context, i.e. consistency management and the way they are used in distributed file-systems.
Distinctive Design
by Alexander DawsonLearn to produce a web site that stands out from the crowdOne of the web designer's greatest challenges is to create a site distinctive enough to get noticed among the millions of sites already on the web. This book examines the bond between code, content and visuals to guide you through the factors that increase your design's visibility, usability and beauty. Using this practical advice, even web designers who lack strong artistic skills can develop super sites that strengthen the message and stand out from the crowd.Most books focus primarily on graphic design principles; this one shows you how to maximize and prioritize every design decision to help your site achieve its primary purpose: showcasing your content and servicesExplores the bond between code, content and visuals to guide you through the factors that increase your design's visibility, usability and beautyEnables even artistically challenged web designers to create elegant, functional layouts that attract visitors and are user-friendlyEvery web designer can benefit from this practical advice on creating an informative, attractive, easy-to-use site that gets noticed.
Distracted: Why Students Can't Focus and What You Can Do About It
by James M. LangKeeping students focused can be difficult in a world filled with distractions -- which is why a renowned educator created a scientific solution to one of every teacher's biggest problems.Why is it so hard to get students to pay attention? Conventional wisdom blames iPhones, insisting that access to technology has ruined students' ability to focus. The logical response is to ban electronics in class. But acclaimed educator James M. Lang argues that this solution obscures a deeper problem: how we teach is often at odds with how students learn. Classrooms are designed to force students into long periods of intense focus, but emerging science reveals that the brain is wired for distraction. We learn best when able to actively seek and synthesize new information. In Distracted, Lang rethinks the practice of teaching, revealing how educators can structure their classrooms less as distraction-free zones and more as environments where they can actively cultivate their students' attention. Brimming with ideas and grounded in new research, Distracted offers an innovative plan for the most important lesson of all: how to learn.
Distributed .NET with Microsoft Orleans: Build robust and highly scalable distributed applications without worrying about complex programming patterns
by Suneel Kumar Kunani Bhupesh Guptha MuthiyaluAdopt an effortless approach to avoid the hassles of complex concurrency and scaling patterns when building distributed applications in .NETKey FeaturesExplore the Orleans cross-platform framework for building robust, scalable, and distributed applicationsHandle concurrency, fault tolerance, and resource management without complex programming patternsWork with essential components such as grains and silos to write scalable programs with easeBook DescriptionBuilding distributed applications in this modern era can be a tedious task as customers expect high availability, high performance, and improved resilience. With the help of this book, you'll discover how you can harness the power of Microsoft Orleans to build impressive distributed applications.Distributed .NET with Microsoft Orleans will demonstrate how to leverage Orleans to build highly scalable distributed applications step by step in the least possible time and with minimum effort. You'll explore some of the key concepts of Microsoft Orleans, including the Orleans programming model, runtime, virtual actors, hosting, and deployment. As you advance, you'll become well-versed with important Orleans assets such as grains, silos, timers, and persistence. Throughout the book, you'll create a distributed application by adding key components to the application as you progress through each chapter and explore them in detail.By the end of this book, you'll have developed the confidence and skills required to build distributed applications using Microsoft Orleans and deploy them in Microsoft Azure.What you will learnGet to grips with the different cloud architecture patterns that can be leveraged for building distributed applicationsManage state and build a custom storage providerExplore Orleans key design patterns and understand when to reuse themWork with different classes that are created by code generators in the Orleans frameworkWrite unit tests for Orleans grains and silos and create mocks for different parts of the systemOvercome traditional challenges of latency and scalability while building distributed applicationsWho this book is forThis book is for .NET developers and software architects looking for a simplified guide for creating distributed applications, without worrying about complex programming patterns. Intermediate web developers who want to build highly scalable distributed applications will also find this book useful. A basic understanding of .NET Classic or .NET Core with C# and Azure will be helpful.
Distributed Algorithms for Message-Passing Systems
by Michel RaynalDistributed computing is at the heart of many applications. It arises as soon as one has to solve a problem in terms of entities -- such as processes, peers, processors, nodes, or agents -- that individually have only a partial knowledge of the many input parameters associated with the problem. In particular each entity cooperating towards the common goal cannot have an instantaneous knowledge of the current state of the other entities. Whereas parallel computing is mainly concerned with 'efficiency', and real-time computing is mainly concerned with 'on-time computing', distributed computing is mainly concerned with 'mastering uncertainty' created by issues such as the multiplicity of control flows, asynchronous communication, unstable behaviors, mobility, and dynamicity. While some distributed algorithms consist of a few lines only, their behavior can be difficult to understand and their properties hard to state and prove. The aim of this book is to present in a comprehensive way the basic notions, concepts, and algorithms of distributed computing when the distributed entities cooperate by sending and receiving messages on top of an asynchronous network. The book is composed of seventeen chapters structured into six parts: distributed graph algorithms, in particular what makes them different from sequential or parallel algorithms; logical time and global states, the core of the book; mutual exclusion and resource allocation; high-level communication abstractions; distributed detection of properties; and distributed shared memory. The author establishes clear objectives per chapter and the content is supported throughout with illustrative examples, summaries, exercises, and annotated bibliographies. This book constitutes an introduction to distributed computing and is suitable for advanced undergraduate students or graduate students in computer science and computer engineering, graduate students in mathematics interested in distributed computing, and practitioners and engineers involved in the design and implementation of distributed applications. The reader should have a basic knowledge of algorithms and operating systems.
Distributed Algorithms: An Intuitive Approach
by Wan FokkinkThis book offers students and researchers a guide to distributed algorithms that emphasizes examples and exercises rather than the intricacies of mathematical models. It avoids mathematical argumentation, often a stumbling block for students, teaching algorithmic thought rather than proofs and logic. This approach allows the student to learn a large number of algorithms within a relatively short span of time. Algorithms are explained through brief, informal descriptions, illuminating examples, and practical exercises. The examples and exercises allow readers to understand algorithms intuitively and from different perspectives. Proof sketches, arguing the correctness of an algorithm or explaining the idea behind fundamental results, are also included. An appendix offers pseudocode descriptions of many algorithms.Distributed algorithms are performed by a collection of computers that send messages to each other or by multiple software threads that use the same shared memory. The algorithms presented in the book are for the most part "classics," selected because they shed light on the algorithmic design of distributed systems or on key issues in distributed computing and concurrent programming. Distributed Algorithms can be used in courses for upper-level undergraduates or graduate students in computer science, or as a reference for researchers in the field.
Distributed Algorithms: An Intuitive Approach
by Wan FokkinkThe new edition of a guide to distributed algorithms that emphasizes examples and exercises rather than the intricacies of mathematical models. This book offers students and researchers a guide to distributed algorithms that emphasizes examples and exercises rather than the intricacies of mathematical models. It avoids mathematical argumentation, often a stumbling block for students, teaching algorithmic thought rather than proofs and logic. This approach allows the student to learn a large number of algorithms within a relatively short span of time. Algorithms are explained through brief, informal descriptions, illuminating examples, and practical exercises. The examples and exercises allow readers to understand algorithms intuitively and from different perspectives. Proof sketches, arguing the correctness of an algorithm or explaining the idea behind fundamental results, are also included. The algorithms presented in the book are for the most part “classics,” selected because they shed light on the algorithmic design of distributed systems or on key issues in distributed computing and concurrent programming. This second edition has been substantially revised. A new chapter on distributed transaction offers up-to-date treatment of database transactions and the important evolving area of transactional memory. A new chapter on security discusses two exciting new topics: blockchains and quantum cryptography. Sections have been added that cover such subjects as rollback recovery, fault-tolerant termination detection, and consensus for shared memory. An appendix offers pseudocode descriptions of many algorithms. Solutions and slides are available for instructors.Distributed Algorithms can be used in courses for upper-level undergraduates or graduate students in computer science, or as a reference for researchers in the field.
Distributed Algorithms: An Intuitive Approach (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Wan FokkinkA comprehensive guide to distributed algorithms that emphasizes examples and exercises rather than mathematical argumentation.This book offers students and researchers a guide to distributed algorithms that emphasizes examples and exercises rather than the intricacies of mathematical models. It avoids mathematical argumentation, often a stumbling block for students, teaching algorithmic thought rather than proofs and logic. This approach allows the student to learn a large number of algorithms within a relatively short span of time. Algorithms are explained through brief, informal descriptions, illuminating examples, and practical exercises. The examples and exercises allow readers to understand algorithms intuitively and from different perspectives. Proof sketches, arguing the correctness of an algorithm or explaining the idea behind fundamental results, are also included. An appendix offers pseudocode descriptions of many algorithms.Distributed algorithms are performed by a collection of computers that send messages to each other or by multiple software threads that use the same shared memory. The algorithms presented in the book are for the most part “classics,” selected because they shed light on the algorithmic design of distributed systems or on key issues in distributed computing and concurrent programming.Distributed Algorithms can be used in courses for upper-level undergraduates or graduate students in computer science, or as a reference for researchers in the field.