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Embedded Computer Systems: 20th International Conference, SAMOS 2020, Samos, Greece, July 5–9, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12471)
by Alex Orailoglu Matthias Jung Marc ReichenbachThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation, SAMOS 2020, held in Samos, Greece, in July 2020.*The 16 regular papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 35 submissions. In addition, 9 papers from two special sessions were included, which were organized on topics of current interest: innovative architectures for security and European projects on embedded and high performance computing for health applications. * The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Embedded Computer Systems: 21st International Conference, SAMOS 2021, Virtual Event, July 4–8, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13227)
by Alex Orailoglu Matthias Jung Marc ReichenbachThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation, SAMOS 2021, which took place in July 2021. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. The 17 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. The papers are organized in topics as follows: simulation and design space exploration; the 3Cs - Cache, Cluster and Cloud; heterogeneous SoC; novel CPU architectures and applications; dataflow; innovative architectures and tools for security; next generation computing; insights from negative results.
Embedded Computer Systems: 22nd International Conference, SAMOS 2022, Samos, Greece, July 3–7, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13511)
by Alex Orailoglu Matthias Jung Marc ReichenbachThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 22st International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation, SAMOS 2021, which took place in July 2022 in Samos, Greece. The 21 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 44 submissions. The papers are organized in topics as follows: High level synthesis; memory systems; processor architecture; embedded software systems and beyond; deep learning optimization; extra-functional property estimation; innovative architectures and tools for security; european research projects on digital systems, services, and platforms.
Embedded Computer Systems: 23rd International Conference, SAMOS 2023, Samos, Greece, July 2–6, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14385)
by Cristina Silvano Marc Reichenbach Christian PilatoThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 22st International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation, SAMOS 2021, which took place in July 2022 in Samos, Greece. The 11 full papers and 7 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. The conference covers a wide range of embedded systems design aspects, including machine learning accelerators, and power management and programmable dataflow systems.
Embedded Computer Systems: 24th International Conference, SAMOS 2024, Samos, Greece, June 29 – July 4, 2024, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #15226)
by Luigi Carro Francesco Regazzoni Christian PilatoThe two-volume set LNCS 15226 and 15227 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation, SAMOS 2024, held in Samos, Greece, during June 29–July 4, 2024. The 24 full papers, 10 full papers in 2 special sessions and 4 poster session included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions. This SAMOS 2024 covers the topics systems themselves - through their applications; architectures; and underlying processors - or methods created to automate their design.
Embedded Computer Systems: 24th International Conference, SAMOS 2024, Samos, Greece, June 29 – July 4, 2024, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #15227)
by Luigi Carro Francesco Regazzoni Christian PilatoThe two-volume set LNCS 15226 and 15227 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation, SAMOS 2024, held in Samos, Greece, during June 29–July 4, 2024. The 24 full papers, 10 invited full papers and 4 poster papers included in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions. They deal with embedded computer systems focusing on their applications; architectures; and underlying processors, as well as methods created to automate their design.
Embedded Control for Mobile Robotic Applications (IEEE Press Series on Control Systems Theory and Applications)
by Leena Vachhani Pranjal Vyas Arunkumar G. K.An all-in-one resource for designing and implementing embedded control in mobile robotics In Embedded Control for Mobile Robotic Applications, a distinguished trio of researchers delivers an authoritative and fulsome resource for understanding embedded control and robotics. The book includes coverage of a variety of embedded platforms, their use in controller implementation, stability analyses of designed controllers, and two new approaches for designing embedded controllers. The authors offer a full chapter on Field-Programmable-Gate-Array (FPGA) architecture development for controller design that is perfect for both practitioners and students taking robotics courses and provide a companion website that includes MATLAB codes for simulation and embedded platform-specific code for mobile robotic applications (in Embedded C and Verilog). The two approaches discussed by the authors—the top-down methodology and the bottom-up methodology—are of immediate practical utility to both practicing professionals in the field and students studying control applications and mobile robotics. The book also offers: A thorough introduction to embedded control, including processor, IC, and design technology, as well as a discussion of limitations in embedded control design Comprehensive explorations of the bottom-up and top-down methods, including computations using CORDIC, interval arithmetic, sliding surface design, and switched nonlinear systems Practical discussions of generic FPGA architecture design, including Verilog, PID controllers, DC motors and Encoder, and a systematic approach for designing architecture using FSMD In-depth examinations of discrete-time controller design, including the approximation to discrete-time transfer function and embedded implementation stability Perfect for practitioners working in embedded control design and control applications in robotics, Embedded Control for Mobile Robotic Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of academicians, researchers, senior undergraduate students, and graduate students in these fields.
Embedded Controller: Grundlagen und praktische Umsetzung für industrielle Anwendungen
by Rüdiger R. AscheDas Buch gewährt einen Einblick in die Architektur eingebetteter Systeme und den Entwicklungsprozess für die sie steuernde Firmware. Die Anforderungen an ein unbeaufsichtigt laufendes Embedded System sowie deren Umsetzung stehen dabei im Fokus. Alle Konzepte werden anhand von verbreiteten Komponenten wie ARM® Cortex® M3 und M4 basierten Prozessoren, FreeRTOS oder lwip praktisch umgesetzt. Praxistipps zur effizienten und zielgerichteten Nutzung von Debug-, Einkapselungs- und Analysewerkzeugen runden das Buch ab. Sie helfen sowohl dem Einsteiger als auch dem erfahrenen Profi bei der Entwicklung robuster und wartungsfreundlicher Firmware für Mikrocontroller im eingebetteten Umfeld.
Embedded Cryptography 1 (ISTE Invoiced)
by Emmanuel Prouff Colin O'Flynn Guenael Renault Mattieu RivainEmbedded Cryptography provides a comprehensive exploration of cryptographic techniques tailored for embedded systems, addressing the growing importance of security in devices such as mobile systems and IoT. The books explore the evolution of embedded cryptography since its inception in the mid-90s and cover both theoretical and practical aspects, as well as discussing the implementation of cryptographic algorithms such as AES, RSA, ECC and post-quantum algorithms. The work is structured into three volumes, spanning forty chapters and nine parts, and is enriched with pedagogical materials and real-world case studies, designed for researchers, professionals, and students alike, offering insights into both foundational and advanced topics in the field. Embedded Cryptography 1 is dedicated to software side-channel attacks, hardware side-channel attacks and fault injection attacks.
Embedded Cryptography 2 (ISTE Invoiced)
by Emmanuel Prouff Colin O'Flynn Guenael Renault Mattieu RivainEmbedded Cryptography provides a comprehensive exploration of cryptographic techniques tailored for embedded systems, addressing the growing importance of security in devices such as mobile systems and IoT. The books explore the evolution of embedded cryptography since its inception in the mid-90s and cover both theoretical and practical aspects, as well as discussing the implementation of cryptographic algorithms such as AES, RSA, ECC and post-quantum algorithms. The work is structured into three volumes, spanning forty chapters and nine parts, and is enriched with pedagogical materials and real-world case studies, designed for researchers, professionals, and students alike, offering insights into both foundational and advanced topics in the field. Embedded Cryptography 2 is dedicated to masking and cryptographic implementations, as well as hardware security.
Embedded Cryptography 3 (ISTE Invoiced)
by Emmanuel Prouff Colin O'Flynn Guenael Renault Mattieu RivainEmbedded Cryptography provides a comprehensive exploration of cryptographic techniques tailored for embedded systems, addressing the growing importance of security in devices such as mobile systems and IoT. The books explore the evolution of embedded cryptography since its inception in the mid-90s and cover both theoretical and practical aspects, as well as discussing the implementation of cryptographic algorithms such as AES, RSA, ECC and post-quantum algorithms. The work is structured into three volumes, spanning forty chapters and nine parts, and is enriched with pedagogical materials and real-world case studies, designed for researchers, professionals, and students alike, offering insights into both foundational and advanced topics in the field. Embedded Cryptography 3 is dedicated to white-box cryptography, randomness and key generation, as well as real world applications and attacks in the wild.
Embedded Firmware Solutions: Development Best Practices for the Internet of Things
by Jiming Sun Marc Jones Stefan Reinauer Vincent ZimmerEmbedded Firmware Solutions is the perfect introduction and daily-use field guide--for the thousands of firmware designers, hardware engineers, architects, managers, and developers--to Intel's new firmware direction (including Quark coverage), showing how to integrate Intel(R) Architecture designs into their plans. Featuring hands-on examples and exercises using Open Source codebases, like Coreboot and EFI Development Kit (tianocore) and Chromebook, this is the first book that combines a timely and thorough overview of firmware solutions for the rapidly evolving embedded ecosystem with in-depth coverage of requirements and optimization.
Embedded Flash Memory for Embedded Systems: Technology, Design for Sub-systems, and Innovations
by Hideto HidakaThis book provides a comprehensive introduction to embedded flash memory, describing the history, current status, and future projections for technology, circuits, and systems applications. The authors describe current main-stream embedded flash technologies from floating-gate 1Tr, floating-gate with split-gate (1. 5Tr), and 1Tr/1. 5Tr SONOS flash technologies and their successful creation of various applications. Comparisons of these embedded flash technologies and future projections are also provided. The authors demonstrate a variety of embedded applications for auto-motive, smart-IC cards, and low-power, representing the leading-edge technology developments for eFlash. The discussion also includes insights into future prospects of application-driven non-volatile memory technology in the era of smart advanced automotive system, such as ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) and IoE (Internet of Everything). Trials on technology convergence and future prospects of embedded non-volatile memory in the new memory hierarchy are also described. Introduces the history of embedded flash memory technology for micro-controller products and how embedded flash innovations developed; Includes comprehensive and detailed descriptions of current main-stream embedded flash memory technologies, sub-system designs and applications; Explains why embedded flash memory requirements are different from those of stand-alone flash memory and how to achieve specific goals with technology development and circuit designs; Describes a mature and stable floating-gate 1Tr cell technology imported from stand-alone flash memory products - that then introduces embedded-specific split-gate memory cell technologies based on floating-gate storage structure and charge-trapping SONOS technology and their eFlash sub-system designs; Describes automotive and smart-IC card applications requirements and achievements in advanced eFlash beyond 4 0nm node.
Embedded Linux Development Using Yocto Project Cookbook - Second Edition: Practical recipes to help you leverage the power of Yocto to build exciting Linux-based systems
by Alex GonzalezOver 79 hands-on recipes for professional embedded Linux developers to optimize and boost their Yocto Project know-how About This Book • Optimize your Yocto setup to speed up development and debug build issues • Use what is quickly becoming the standard embedded Linux product builder framework—the Yocto Project • Recipe-based implementation of best practices to optimize your Linux system Who This Book Is For If you are an embedded Linux developer with the basic knowledge of Yocto Project, this book is an ideal way to broaden your knowledge with recipes for embedded development. What You Will Learn • Optimize your Yocto Project setup to speed up development and debug build issues • Use Docker containers to build Yocto Project-based systems • Take advantage of the user-friendly Toaster web interface to the Yocto Project build system • Build and debug the Linux kernel and its device trees • Customize your root filesystem with already-supported and new Yocto packages • Optimize your production systems by reducing the size of both the Linux kernel and root filesystems • Explore the mechanisms to increase the root filesystem security • Understand the open source licensing requirements and how to comply with them when cohabiting with proprietary programs • Create recipes, and build and run applications in C, C++, Python, Node.js, and Java In Detail The Yocto Project has become the de facto distribution build framework for reliable and robust embedded systems with a reduced time to market. You'll get started by working on a build system where you set up Yocto, create a build directory, and learn how to debug it. Then, you'll explore everything about the BSP layer, from creating a custom layer to debugging device tree issues. In addition to this, you'll learn how to add a new software layer, packages, data, scripts, and configuration files to your system. You will then cover topics based on application development, such as using the Software Development Kit and how to use the Yocto project in various development environments. Toward the end, you will learn how to debug, trace, and profile a running system. This second edition has been updated to include new content based on the latest Yocto release. Style and approach This recipe-based book will guide you through all the development stages of an embedded Linux product design using the Yocto Project.
Embedded Linux Development Using Yocto Project Cookbook.: Practical Recipes To Help You Leverage The Power Of Yocto To Build Exciting Linux-based Systems
by Alex GonzálezThe Yocto Project has become the de facto distribution build framework for reliable and robust embedded systems with a reduced time to market.
Embedded Linux Development Using Yocto Project: Leverage the power of the Yocto Project to build efficient Linux-based products, 3rd Edition
by Daiane Angolini Otavio SalvadorElevate your Linux-powered system with Yocto Projects, enhancing its stability and resilience efficiently and economically — now upgraded to the latest Yocto Project versionPurchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBookKey FeaturesOptimize your Yocto Project tools to develop efficient Linux-based projectsFollow a practical approach to learning Linux development using Yocto ProjectEmploy the best practices for embedded Linux and Yocto Project developmentBook DescriptionThe Yocto Project is the industry standard for developing dependable embedded Linux projects. It stands out from other frameworks by offering time-efficient development with enhanced reliability and robustness. With Embedded Linux Development Using Yocto Project, you'll acquire an understanding of Yocto Project tools, helping you perform different Linux-based tasks. You'll gain a deep understanding of Poky and BitBake, explore practical use cases for building a Linux subsystem project, employ Yocto Project tools available for embedded Linux, and uncover the secrets of SDK, recipe tool, and others. This new edition is aligned with the latest long-term support release of the aforementioned technologies and introduces two new chapters, covering optimal emulation in QEMU for faster product development and best practices. By the end of this book, you'll be well-equipped to generate and run an image for real hardware boards. You'll gain hands-on experience in building efficient Linux systems using the Yocto Project.What you will learnGet to grips with Poky workflowsConfigure and prepare the Poky build environmentExplore the latest version of Yocto Project through examplesConfigure a build server and customize images using ToasterGenerate images and fit packages into created images using BitBakeSupport the development process by setting up and using Package feedsDebug Yocto Project by configuring PokyBuild and boot image for BeagleBone Black, RaspberryPi 4, and VisionFive via SD cardsExplore the use of QEMU to speed up the development cycle using emulationWho this book is forIf you are an embedded Linux developer and want to broaden your knowledge about the Yocto Project with examples of embedded development, then this book is for you. Professionals looking for new insights into working methodologies for Linux development will also find plenty of helpful information in this book.
Embedded Linux Development using Yocto Projects: Learn to leverage the power of Yocto Project to build efficient Linux-based products
by Daiane Angolini Otavio SalvadorOptimize and boost your Linux-based system with Yocto Project and increase its reliability and robustness efficiently and cost-effectively.Key FeaturesOptimize your Yocto Project tools to develop efficient Linux-based projectsPractical approach to learning Linux development using Yocto ProjectDemonstrates concepts in a practical and easy-to-understand wayBook DescriptionYocto Project is turning out to be the best integration framework for creating reliable embedded Linux projects. It has the edge over other frameworks because of its features such as less development time and improved reliability and robustness. Embedded Linux Development using Yocto Project starts with an in-depth explanation of all Yocto Project tools, to help you perform different Linux-based tasks. The book then moves on to in-depth explanations of Poky and BitBake. It also includes some practical use cases for building a Linux subsystem project using Yocto Project tools available for embedded Linux. The book also covers topics such as SDK, recipetool, and others. By the end of the book, you will have learned how to generate and run an image for real hardware boards and will have gained hands-on experience at building efficient Linux systems using Yocto Project.What you will learnUnderstand the basic concepts involved in Poky workflows along with configuring and preparing the Poky build environmentConfigure a build server and customize images using ToasterGenerate images and fit packages into created images using BitBakeSupport the development process by setting up and using Package feedsDebug Yocto Project by configuring PokyBuild an image for the BeagleBone Black, RaspberryPi 3, and Wandboard, and boot it from an SD card Who this book is forIf you are an embedded Linux developer with a basic knowledge of Yocto Project and want to broaden your knowledge with examples of embedded development, then this book is for you. This book is also for professionals who want to find new insights into working methodologies for Linux development.
Embedded Linux Development with Yocto Project
by Daiane Angolini Otavio SalvadorA practical tutorial guide which introduces you to the basics of Yocto Project, and also helps you with its real hardware use to boost your Embedded Linux-based project. If you are an embedded systems enthusiast and willing to learn about compelling features offered by the Yocto Project, then this book is for you. With prior experience in the embedded Linux domain, you can make the most of this book to efficiently create custom Linux-based systems.
Embedded Linux Projects Using Yocto Project Cookbook
by Alex GonzalezIf you are an embedded developer learning about embedded Linux with some experience with the Yocto project, this book is the ideal way to become proficient and broaden your knowledge with examples that are immediately applicable to your embedded developments. Experienced embedded Yocto developers will find new insight into working methodologies and ARM specific development competence.
Embedded Linux System Design and Development
by P. Raghavan Amol Lad Sriram NeelakandanBased upon the authors' experience in designing and deploying an embedded Linux system with a variety of applications, Embedded Linux System Design and Development contains a full embedded Linux system development roadmap for systems architects and software programmers. Explaining the issues that arise out of the use of Linux in embedded systems, the book facilitates movement to embedded Linux from traditional real-time operating systems, and describes the system design model containing embedded Linux.This book delivers practical solutions for writing, debugging, and profiling applications and drivers in embedded Linux, and for understanding Linux BSP architecture. It enables you to understand: various drivers such as serial, I2C and USB gadgets; uClinux architecture and its programming model; and the embedded Linux graphics subsystem. The text also promotes learning of methods to reduce system boot time, optimize memory and storage, and find memory leaks and corruption in applications.This volume benefits IT managers in planning to choose an embedded Linux distribution and in creating a roadmap for OS transition. It also describes the application of the Linux licensing model in commercial products.
Embedded Linux for Developers
by Alex Gonzalez Alexandru Vaduva Chris SimmondsLeverage the power of Linux to develop captivating and powerful embedded Linux projects About This Book * Explore the best practices for all embedded product development stages * Learn about the compelling features offered by the Yocto Project, such as customization, virtualization, and many more * Minimize project costs by using open source tools and programs Who This Book Is For If you are a developer who wants to build embedded systems using Linux, this book is for you. It is the ideal guide for you if you want to become proficient and broaden your knowledge. A basic understanding of C programming and experience with systems programming is needed. Experienced embedded Yocto developers will find new insight into working methodologies and ARM specific development competence. What You Will Learn * Use the Yocto Project in the embedded Linux development process * Get familiar with and customize the bootloader for a board * Discover more about real-time layer, security, virtualization, CGL, and LSB * See development workflows for the U-Boot and the Linux kernel, including debugging and optimization * Understand the open source licensing requirements and how to comply with them when cohabiting with proprietary programs * Optimize your production systems by reducing the size of both the Linux kernel and root filesystems * Understand device trees and make changes to accommodate new hardware on your device * Design and write multi-threaded applications using POSIX threads * Measure real-time latencies and tune the Linux kernel to minimize them In Detail Embedded Linux is a complete Linux distribution employed to operate embedded devices such as smartphones, tablets, PDAs, set-top boxes, and many more. An example of an embedded Linux distribution is Android, developed by Google. This learning path starts with the module Learning Embedded Linux Using the Yocto Project. It introduces embedded Linux software and hardware architecture and presents information about the bootloader. You will go through Linux kernel features and source code and get an overview of the Yocto Project components available. The next module Embedded Linux Projects Using Yocto Project Cookbook takes you through the installation of a professional embedded Yocto setup, then advises you on best practices. Finally, it explains how to quickly get hands-on with the Freescale ARM ecosystem and community layer using the affordable and open source Wandboard embedded board. Moving ahead, the final module Mastering Embedded Linux Programming takes you through the product cycle and gives you an in-depth description of the components and options that are available at each stage. You will see how functions are split between processes and the usage of POSIX threads. By the end of this learning path, your capabilities will be enhanced to create robust and versatile embedded projects. This Learning Path combines some of the best that Packt has to offer in one complete, curated package. It includes content from the following Packt products: * Learning Embedded Linux Using the Yocto Project by Alexandru Vaduva * Embedded Linux Projects Using Yocto Project Cookbook by Alex Gonzalez * Mastering Embedded Linux Programming by Chris Simmonds Style and approach This comprehensive, step-by-step, pragmatic guide enables you to build custom versions of Linux for new embedded systems with examples that are immediately applicable to your embedded developments. Practical examples provide an easy-to-follow way to learn Yocto project development using the best practices and working methodologies. Coupled with hints and best practices, this will help you understand embedded Linux better.
Embedded Machine Learning for Cyber-Physical, IoT, and Edge Computing: Hardware Architectures
by Muhammad Shafique Sudeep PasrichaThis book presents recent advances towards the goal of enabling efficient implementation of machine learning models on resource-constrained systems, covering different application domains. The focus is on presenting interesting and new use cases of applying machine learning to innovative application domains, exploring the efficient hardware design of efficient machine learning accelerators, memory optimization techniques, illustrating model compression and neural architecture search techniques for energy-efficient and fast execution on resource-constrained hardware platforms, and understanding hardware-software codesign techniques for achieving even greater energy, reliability, and performance benefits.
Embedded Machine Learning with Microcontrollers: Applications on Arduino Boards
by Cem Ünsalan Berkan Höke Eren AtmacaThis textbook introduces basic and advanced embedded machine learning methods by exploring practical applications on Arduino boards. By covering traditional and neural network-based machine learning methods implemented on microcontrollers, the text is designed for use in courses on microcontrollers and embedded machine learning systems. Following the learning-by-doing approach, the book will enable students to grasp embedded machine learning concepts through real-world examples, providing them with the design and implementation skills needed for a competitive job market. By utilizing a programming environment that enables students to reach and modify microcontroller properties easily, the material allows for fast implementation of the developed system. Students are guided in implementing machine learning methods to be deployed and tested on microcontrollers throughout the book, with the theory behind the implemented methods also emphasized. Sample codes and real-world projects are available for readers and instructors. The book will also be an ideal reference for practicing engineers and electronics hobbyists.
Embedded Machine Learning with Microcontrollers: Applications on STM32 Development Boards
by Cem Ünsalan Berkan Höke Eren AtmacaThis textbook introduces basic embedded machine learning methods by exploring practical applications on STM32 development boards. Covering traditional and neural network-based machine learning methods implemented on microcontrollers, the text is designed for use in courses on microcontrollers, microprocessor systems, and embedded systems. Following the learning by doing approach, the book will enable students to grasp embedded machine learning concepts through real-world examples that will provide them with the design and implementation skills needed for a competitive job market. By utilizing a programming environment that enables students to reach and modify low-level microcontroller properties, the material allows for more control of the developed system. Students will be guided in implementing machine learning methods to be deployed and tested on microcontrollers throughout the book, with the theory behind the implemented methods also emphasized. Sample codes and course slides are available for readers and instructors, and a solutions manual is available to instructors. The book will also be an ideal reference for practicing engineers and electronics hobbyists.
Embedded Memories for Nano-Scale VLSIs
by Kevin ZhangThe book provides a comprehensive and in-depth view on the state-of-the-art embedded memory technologies. The book helps practicing engineers grasp key technology attributes and advanced design techniques in nano-scale VLSI design. It also helps them make decisions concerning the right design tradeoffs in real product development. This book first provides an overview on the landscape and trend of embedded memory in various VLSI system designs, including high-performance microprocessor, low-power mobile handheld devices, micro-controllers, and various consumer electronics. It then shows an in-depth view on each different type of embedded memory technology, including high-speed SRAM, ultra-low-voltage and alternative SRAM, embedded DRAM, embedded nonvolatile memory, and emerging or so-called "universal" memories such as FeRAM, MRAM, and PRAM. Each topic covers all the key technology attributes from a product application perspective, ranging from technology scaling challenges to advanced circuit techniques for achieving optimal design tradeoff in performance and power. As VLSI systems become increasingly dependent on on-die memory to provide adequate memory bandwidth for various applications, the book gives readers a broader view of this important field and helps them to achieve their optimal design goals for different applications. This book provides readers a broad knowledge on the entire embedded memory technologies in order to better comprehend the technologies and create optimal memory solutions in real applications.