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Membrane Computing
by Grzegorz Rozenberg Arto Salomaa Claudio Zandron Alberto LeporatiPart of the broader research field of natural computing, Membrane Computing is an area within computing science that aims to abstract computing ideas and models from the structure and functioning of living cells, as well as from the way the cells are organized in tissues or higher order structures. This handbook provides both a comprehensive survey of available knowledge and established research topics, and a guide to recent developments in the field, covering thesubject from theory to applications. The handbook is suitable both for introducing novices to this area of research, and as a main source of reference for active researchers. It sets out the necessary biological and formal background, with the introductory chapter serving as a gentle introduction toand overview of membrane computing. Individual chapters, written by leading researchers in membrane computing, present the state of the art of all main r`search trends and include extensive bibliographies.
Membrane Computing
by Grzegorz Rozenberg Arto Salomaa Claudio Zandron Marian GheorghePart of the broader research field of natural computing, Membrane Computing is an area within computing science that aims to abstract computing ideas and models from the structure and functioning of living cells, as well as from the way the cells are organized in tissues or higher orderstructures. It studies models of computation (known as P systems) inspired by the biochemistry of cells, in particular by the role of membranes in the compartmentalization of living cells into "protected reactors". This handbook provides both a comprehensive survey of available knowledge and established research topics, and a guide to recent developments in the field, covering the subject from theory to applications. The handbook is suitable both for introducing novices to this area of research, and as a mainsource of reference for active researchers. It sets out the necessary biological and formal background, with the introductory chapter serving as a gentle introduction to and overview of membrane computing. Individual chapters, written by leading researchers in membrane computing, present the stateof the art of all main research trends and include extensive bibliographies.
Membrane Computing Models: Implementations
by Marian Gheorghe Gexiang Zhang Sergey Verlan Agustín Riscos-Núñez Thomas Hinze Mario J. Pérez-Jiménez Savas KonurThe theoretical basis of membrane computing was established in the early 2000s with fundamental research into the computational power, complexity aspects and relationships with other (un)conventional computing paradigms. Although this core theoretical research has continued to grow rapidly and vigorously, another area of investigation has since been added, focusing on the applications of this model in many areas, most prominently in systems and synthetic biology, engineering optimization, power system fault diagnosis and mobile robot controller design. The further development of these applications and their broad adoption by other researchers, as well as the expansion of the membrane computing modelling paradigm to other applications, call for a set of robust, efficient, reliable and easy-to-use tools supporting the most significant membrane computing models. This work provides comprehensive descriptions of such tools, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in membrane computing models.
Membrane Computing: 19th International Conference, CMC 2018, Dresden, Germany, September 4–7, 2018, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11399)
by Grzegorz Rozenberg Arto Salomaa Claudio Zandron Thomas HinzeThis book constitutes revised selected papers from the 19th International Conference on Membrane Computing (CMC19), CMC 2018, which was held in Dresden, Germany, in September 2018. The 15 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 20 submissions. The contributions aim to abstract computing ideas and models from the structure and the functioning of living cells, as well as from the way the cells are organized in tissues or higher order structures.
Membrane Computing: 21st International Conference, CMC 2020, Virtual Event, September 14–18, 2020, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12687)
by Grzegorz Rozenberg Arto Salomaa Claudio Zandron Rudolf Freund Tseren-Onolt IshdorjThis book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Membrane Computing, CMC 2020, held as a virtual event, in September 2020. The 10 full papers presented were selected from 31 submissions. The papers deal with all aspects on membrane computing and related areas.
Membrane Filtration
by Greg FoleyFocusing on the application of membranes in an engineering context, this hands-on computational guide makes previously challenging problems routine. It formulates problems as systems of equations solved with MATLAB, encouraging active learning through worked examples and end-of-chapter problems. The detailed treatments of dead-end filtration include novel approaches to constant rate filtration and filtration with a centrifugal pump. The discussion of crossflow microfiltration includes the use of kinetic and force balance models. Comprehensive coverage of ultrafiltration and diafiltration processes employs both limiting flux and osmotic pressure models. The effect of fluid viscosity on the mass transfer coefficient is explored in detail, the effects of incomplete rejection on the design and analysis of ultrafiltration and diafiltration are analysed, and quantitative treatments of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration process analysis and design are explored. Includes a chapter dedicated to the modelling of membrane fouling.
Meme di barzellette divertenti di Fortnite Battle Royale Epic
by Joke FactoryOttieni l’accesso istantaneo alle più divertenti barzellette di Fortnite! Stai per scoprire le più divertenti battute di Fortnite di sempre. Questo libro è ricco di alcune delle barzellette più divertenti di Fortnite. Scopri gli argomenti più popolari di Epic Games insieme a scherzi e meme sciocchi, ridicoli e semplicemente esilaranti su di loro! Scarica la tua copia istantaneamente! Acquista oggi e scopri tutte le barzellette più popolari per Fortnite!
Memes in Digital Culture: In Digital Culture (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)
by Limor ShifmanTaking “Gangnam Style” seriously: what Internet memes can tell us about digital culture.In December 2012, the exuberant video “Gangnam Style” became the first YouTube clip to be viewed more than one billion times. Thousands of its viewers responded by creating and posting their own variations of the video—“Mitt Romney Style,” “NASA Johnson Style,” “Egyptian Style,” and many others. “Gangnam Style” (and its attendant parodies, imitations, and derivations) is one of the most famous examples of an Internet meme: a piece of digital content that spreads quickly around the web in various iterations and becomes a shared cultural experience. In this book, Limor Shifman investigates Internet memes and what they tell us about digital culture. Shifman discusses a series of well-known Internet memes—including “Leave Britney Alone,” the pepper-spraying cop, LOLCats, Scumbag Steve, and Occupy Wall Street's “We Are the 99 Percent.” She offers a novel definition of Internet memes: digital content units with common characteristics, created with awareness of each other, and circulated, imitated, and transformed via the Internet by many users. She differentiates memes from virals; analyzes what makes memes and virals successful; describes popular meme genres; discusses memes as new modes of political participation in democratic and nondemocratic regimes; and examines memes as agents of globalization. Memes, Shifman argues, encapsulate some of the most fundamental aspects of the Internet in general and of the participatory Web 2.0 culture in particular. Internet memes may be entertaining, but in this book Limor Shifman makes a compelling argument for taking them seriously.
Memes to Movements: How the World's Most Viral Media Is Changing Social Protest and Power
by An Xiao MinaA global exploration of internet memes as agents of pop culture, politics, protest, and propaganda on- and offline, and how they will save or destroy us all.Memes are the street art of the social web. Using social media-driven movements as her guide, technologist and digital media scholar An Xiao Mina unpacks the mechanics of memes and how they operate to reinforce, amplify, and shape today's politics. She finds that the "silly" stuff of meme culture--the photo remixes, the selfies, the YouTube songs, and the pun-tastic hashtags--are fundamentally intertwined with how we find and affirm one another, direct attention to human rights and social justice issues, build narratives, and make culture. Mina finds parallels, for example, between a photo of Black Lives Matter protestors in Ferguson, Missouri, raising their hands in a gesture of resistance and one from eight thousand miles away, in Hong Kong, of Umbrella Movement activists raising yellow umbrellas as they fight for voting rights. She shows how a viral video of then presidential nominee Donald Trump laid the groundwork for pink pussyhats, a meme come to life as the widely recognized symbol for the international Women's March.Crucially, Mina reveals how, in parts of the world where public dissent is downright dangerous, memes can belie contentious political opinions that would incur drastic consequences if expressed outright. Activists in China evade censorship by critiquing their government with grass mud horse pictures online. Meanwhile, governments and hate groups are also beginning to utilize memes to spread propaganda, xenophobia, and misinformation. Botnets and state-sponsored agents spread them to confuse and distract internet communities. On the long, winding road from innocuous cat photos, internet memes have become a central practice for political contention and civic engagement.Memes to Movements unveils the transformative power of memes, for better and for worse. At a time when our movements are growing more complex and open-ended--when governments are learning to wield the internet as effectively as protestors--Mina brings a fresh and sharply innovative take to the media discourse.
Memetic Computation: The Mainspring Of Knowledge Transfer In The Data-driven Optimization Era (Adaptation, Learning, and Optimization #21)
by Abhishek Gupta Yew-Soon OngThis book bridges the widening gap between two crucial constituents of computational intelligence: the rapidly advancing technologies of machine learning in the digital information age, and the relatively slow-moving field of general-purpose search and optimization algorithms. With this in mind, the book serves to offer a data-driven view of optimization, through the framework of memetic computation (MC). The authors provide a summary of the complete timeline of research activities in MC – beginning with the initiation of memes as local search heuristics hybridized with evolutionary algorithms, to their modern interpretation as computationally encoded building blocks of problem-solving knowledge that can be learned from one task and adaptively transmitted to another. In the light of recent research advances, the authors emphasize the further development of MC as a simultaneous problem learning and optimization paradigm with the potential to showcase human-like problem-solving prowess; that is, by equipping optimization engines to acquire increasing levels of intelligence over time through embedded memes learned independently or via interactions. In other words, the adaptive utilization of available knowledge memes makes it possible for optimization engines to tailor custom search behaviors on the fly – thereby paving the way to general-purpose problem-solving ability (or artificial general intelligence). In this regard, the book explores some of the latest concepts from the optimization literature, including, the sequential transfer of knowledge across problems, multitasking, and large-scale (high dimensional) search, systematically discussing associated algorithmic developments that align with the general theme of memetics. The presented ideas are intended to be accessible to a wide audience of scientific researchers, engineers, students, and optimization practitioners who are familiar with the commonly used terminologies of evolutionary computation. A full appreciation of the mathematical formalizations and algorithmic contributions requires an elementary background in probability, statistics, and the concepts of machine learning. A prior knowledge of surrogate-assisted/Bayesian optimization techniques is useful, but not essential.
Memetic War: Online Resistance in Ukraine (Routledge Studies in Crime and Society)
by Tine MunkMemetic War analyses memetic warfare included in cyber war and aims to develop a framework for understanding the parameters included in utilising this concept in Ukraine as a part of civic resistance.In the Ukrainian war, an informal defence tactic has developed to uphold the information flow about the war and to debunk Russia’s communications. The war has enhanced the visibility of governmental and civic activation by using the advantages of social media architecture, networks, and communication forms. The book investigates Ukraine’s public and private abilities to develop cyber capabilities to counter propaganda and dis-and-misinformation online as a defence mechanism. This book uses military ROC doctrine to understand government authorities, the armed forces, and civic engagement in the Ukrainian resistance.Memetic War will have relevance for scholars, researchers, and academics in the cybersecurity field, practitioners, governmental actors, and military and strategic personnel.
Memory Allocation Problems in Embedded Systems: Optimization Methods
by André Rossi Maria Soto Johann Laurent Marc SevauxEmbedded systems are everywhere in contemporary life and are supposed to make our lives more comfortable. In industry, embedded systems are used to manage and control complex systems (e.g. nuclear power plants, telecommunications and flight control) and they are also taking an important place in our daily activities (e.g. smartphones, security alarms and traffic lights). In the design of embedded systems, memory allocation and data assignment are among the main challenges that electronic designers have to face. In fact, they impact heavily on the main cost metrics (power consumption, performance and area) in electronic devices. Thus designers of embedded systems have to pay careful attention in order to minimize memory requirements, thus improving memory throughput and limiting the power consumption by the system’s memory. Electronic designers attempt to minimize memory requirements with the aim of lowering the overall system costs. A state of the art of optimization techniques for memory management and data assignment is presented in this book.
Memory Bytes
by Lauren RabinovitzDigital culture is often characterized as radically breaking with past technologies, practices, and ideologies rather than as reflecting or incorporating them. Memory Bytes seeks to counter such ahistoricism, arguing for the need to understand digital culture--and its social, political, and ethical ramifications--in historical and philosophical context. Looking at a broad range of technologies, including photography, print and digital media, heat engines, stereographs, and medical imaging, the contributors present a number of different perspectives from which to reflect on the nature of media change. While foregrounding the challenges of drawing comparisons across varied media and eras, Memory Bytes explores how technologies have been integrated into society at different moments in time. These essays from scholars in the social sciences and humanities cover topics related to science and medicine, politics and war, mass communication, philosophy, film, photography, and art. Whether describing how the cultural and legal conflicts over player piano rolls prefigured controversies over the intellectual property status of digital technologies such as mp3 files; comparing the experiences of watching QuickTime movies to Joseph Cornell's "boxed relic" sculptures of the 1930s and 1940s; or calling for a critical history of electricity from the Enlightenment to the present, Memory Bytes investigates the interplay of technology and culture. It relates the Information Age to larger and older political and cultural phenomena, analyzes how sensory effects have been technologically produced over time, considers how human subjectivity has been shaped by machines, and emphasizes the dependence of particular technologies on the material circumstances within which they were developed and used. Contributors. Judith Babbitts, Scott Curtis, Ronald E. Day, David Depew, Abraham Geil, Sharon Ghamari-Tabrizi, Lisa Gitelman, N. Katherine Hayles, John Durham Peters, Lauren Rabinovitz, Laura Rigal, Vivian Sobchack, Thomas Swiss
Memory Controllers for Mixed-Time-Criticality Systems
by Kees Goossens Benny Akesson Sven Goossens Karthik ChandrasekarThis book discusses the design and performance analysis of SDRAM controllers that cater to both real-time and best-effort applications, i. e. mixed-time-criticality memory controllers. The authors describe the state of the art, and then focus on an architecture template for reconfigurable memory controllers that addresses effectively the quickly evolving set of SDRAM standards, in terms of worst-case timing and power analysis, as well as implementation. A prototype implementation of the controller in SystemC and synthesizable VHDL for an FPGA development board are used as a proof of concept of the architecture template.
Memory Controllers for Real-Time Embedded Systems
by Kees Goossens Benny AkessonVerification of real-time requirements in systems-on-chip becomes more complex as more applications are integrated. Predictable and composable systems can manage the increasing complexity using formal verification and simulation. This book explains the concepts of predictability and composability and shows how to apply them to the design and analysis of a memory controller, which is a key component in any real-time system.
Memory Management for Synthesis of DSP Software
by Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya Praveen K. MurthyAlthough programming in memory-restricted environments is never easy, this holds especially true for digital signal processing (DSP). The data-rich, computation-intensive nature of DSP makes memory management a chief and challenging concern for designers. Memory Management for Synthesis of DSP Software focuses on minimizing memory requirements during the synthesis of DSP software from dataflow representations. Dataflow representations are used in many popular DSP design tools, and the methods of this book can be applied in that context, as well as other contexts where dataflow is used.This book systematically reviews research conducted by the authors on memory minimization techniques for compiling synchronous dataflow (SDF) specifications. Beginning with an overview of the foundations of software synthesis techniques from SDF descriptions, it examines aggressive buffer-sharing techniques that take advantage of specific and quantifiable tradeoffs between code size and buffer size to achieve high levels of buffer memory optimization.The authors outline coarse-level strategies using lifetime analysis and dynamic storage allocation (DSA) for efficient buffer sharing as one approach and demonstrate the role of the CBP (consumed-before-produced) parameter at a finer level using a merging framework for buffer sharing. They present two powerful algorithms for combining these sharing techniques and then introduce techniques that are not restricted to the single appearance scheduling space of the other techniques.Extensively illustrated to clarify the mathematical concepts, Memory Management for Synthesis of DSP Software presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art research in DSP software synthesis.
Memory and Action Selection in Human-Machine Interaction
by Munéo KitajimaThe first goal of this book is to extend Two Minds originating from behavioral economics to the domain of interaction, where the time dimension has to be dealt with rigorously; in human-machine interaction, it is of crucial importance how synchronization between conscious processes and unconscious processes is established for a sense of smoothness, and how memory processes and action selection processes are coordinated. The first half this book describes the theory in detail. The book begins by outlining the whole view of the theory consisting of action selection processes and memorization processes, and their interactions. Then, a detailed description for action selection processes theorized as a nonlinear dynamic human behavior model with real-time constraints is provided, followed by a description for memorization processes. Also, implications of the theory to human-machine interactions are discussed. The second goal of this book is to provide a methodology to study how Two Minds works in practice when people use interactive systems. The latter half of this book describes theory practices in detail. A new methodology called Cognitive Chrono-Ethnography (CCE) is introduced, which adds the time dimension to Hutchins' Cognitive Ethnography, in order to practice "know the users" systematically by designing user studies based on a simulation of users' mental operations controlled by Two Minds. The author then shows how CCE has been applied to understanding the ways in which people navigate in real physical environments by walking and by car, respectively, and explores the possibility of applying CCE to predict people's future needs. This is not for understanding how people use interfaces at present but to predict how people want to use the interfaces in the future given they are currently using them in a certain way Finally, the book concludes by describing implications of human-machine interactions that are carried out while using modern artefacts for people's cognitive development from birth, on the basis of the theories of action selection and memorization.
Memory and Technology: How We Use Information in the Brain and the World
by Jason R. Finley Farah Naaz Francine W. GohHow is technology changing the way people remember? This book explores the interplay of memory stored in the brain (internal memory) and outside of the brain (external memory), providing a thorough interdisciplinary review of the current literature, including relevant theoretical frameworks from across a variety of disciplines in the sciences, arts, and humanities. It also presents the findings of a rich and novel empirical data set, based on a comprehensive survey on the shifting interplay of internal and external memory in the 21st century. Results reveal a growing symbiosis between the two forms of memory in our everyday lives.The book presents a new theoretical framework for understanding the interplay of internal and external memory, and their complementary strengths. It concludes with a guide to important dimensions, questions, and methods for future research.Memory and Technology will be of interest to researchers, professors, and students across the disciplines of psychology, philosophy, library and information science, human factors, media and cultural studies, anthropology and archaeology, photography, and cognitive rehabilitation, as well as anyone interested in how technology is affecting human memory._____ "This is a novel book, with interesting and valuable data on an important, meaningful topic, as well as a gathering of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary ideas...The research is accurately represented and inclusive. As a teaching tool, I can envision graduate seminars in different disciplines drawing on the material as the basis for teaching and discussions." Dr. Linda A. Henkel, Fairfield University "This book documents the achievements of a vibrant scientific project – you feel the enthusiasm of the authors for their research. The organization of the manuscript introduces the reader into a comparatively new field the same way as pioneering authors have approached it." Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schönpflug, Freie Universität Berlin
Memory-Based Logic Synthesis
by Tsutomu SasaoThis book describes the synthesis of logic functions using memories. It is useful to design field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) that contain both small-scale memories, called look-up tables (LUTs), and medium-scale memories, called embedded memories. This is a valuable reference for both FPGA system designers and CAD tool developers, concerned with logic synthesis for FPGAs.
Memristive Computing
by Pinaki Mazumder Xiao Feng Yongbin Yu Xiangxiang Wang Jiarun Shen Nyima TashiThis book delves into a wide array of topics, ranging from memristor and its emulator to chaotic circuits based on memristor, memristor-based en/decryption systems, filter design based on memristive family, memristive filter for signal processing, memristor network-based swarm intelligence, dynamic analysis of memristive neural networks, and the application of memristor-based neural networks. It provides a comprehensive and systematic exploration of how memristors empower and drive cutting-edge research in neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence. This book encourages fostering interdisciplinary information literacy and cultivating cross-disciplinary computational thinking. This book plays a pivotal role in embracing and advancing the development of neuromorphic computing. Through profound foundational theories and academic analysis methods, this book guides artificial intelligence graduate students and engineering professionals in constructing a comprehensive knowledge and technological framework for memristor research.
Memristor Computing Systems
by Ronald Tetzlaff Leon O. Chua Angela SlavovaThis contributed volume offers practical solutions and design-, modeling-, and implementation-related insights that address current research problems in memristors, memristive devices, and memristor computing. The book studies and addresses related challenges in and proposes solutions for the future of memristor computing. State-of-the-art research on memristor modeling, memristive interconnections, memory circuit architectures, software simulation tools, and applications of memristors in computing are presented. Utilising contributions from numerous experts in the field, written in clear language and illustrated throughout, this book is a comprehensive reference work. Memristor Computing Systems explains memristors and memristive devices in an accessible way for graduate students and researchers with a basic knowledge of electrical and control systems engineering, as well as prompting further research for more experienced academics.
Memristor Networks
by Leon Chua Andrew AdamatzkyUsing memristors one can achieve circuit functionalities that are not possible to establish with resistors, capacitors and inductors, therefore the memristor is of great pragmatic usefulness. Potential unique applications of memristors are in spintronic devices, ultra-dense information storage, neuromorphic circuits and programmable electronics. Memristor Networks focuses on the design, fabrication, modelling of and implementation of computation in spatially extended discrete media with many memristors. Top experts in computer science, mathematics, electronics, physics and computer engineering present foundations of the memristor theory and applications, demonstrate how to design neuromorphic network architectures based on memristor assembles, analyse varieties of the dynamic behaviour of memristive networks and show how to realise computing devices from memristors. All aspects of memristor networks are presented in detail, in a fully accessible style. An indispensable source of information and an inspiring reference text, Memristor Networks is an invaluable resource for future generations of computer scientists, mathematicians, physicists and engineers.
Men Are From Cyberspace
by Jodie Gould Lisa SkriloffDon't dial up your Prodigy account without this one!Straight from the publishing vaults comes Men Are from Cyberspace, the finest online dating self-help book 1997 had to offer. All the Clinton-era single ladies agree, this classic tome will demystify the brave new world of romance on the information superhighway as it was meant to be (before Friendster and MySpace came along and ruined it). For anyone seeking an (ironic) trip down memory lane, you will learn the answers to such timeless questions as:* How do I find a newsgroup that's right for me?* What's the best way to make a chat-room entrance?* Are you a cyberaddict? Take this quiz and find out!Complete with a list of obsolete websites, usenets and cyber cafes, your entire romantic life will flash before your eyes as your read the (unintentionally) hilarious advice on virtual beaus, cybersex and other dating secrets for women in the "modern era". And if you ever wondered how your parents hooked up before Tinder, Men Are from Cyberspace: The Single Woman's Guide to Flirting, Dating, & Finding Love may provide some much needed insight about your mother's love life.
Mensch und KI in Organisationen: Einfluss und Umsetzung Künstlicher Intelligenz in wirtschaftspsychologischen Anwendungsfeldern
by Melanie HasenbeinDieses Buch "Mensch und KI in Organisationen" zeigt Ihnen auf, welchen Einfluss die Künstliche Intelligenz und Robotik auf den Menschen in der aktuellen und zukünftigen Arbeits- und Organisationswelt hat. Das Werk nimmt Sie mit auf die Reise der Künstlichen Intelligenz in einzelnen psychologischen und wirtschaftspsychologischen Anwendungsfeldern.Auf der Basis von theoretischem Hintergrundwissen und aktuellen Studien sowie praktischen Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten erfahren Sie:wie Künstliche Intelligenz die Arbeits- und Organisationswelt verändert,was eine Mensch-KI-Interaktion und Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion kennzeichnet,wo KI und Roboter im Human-Resources-Bereich eingesetzt werden,welche zukünftigen Lernszenarien mit KI und Robotern möglich sind,wie eine hybride Führung und Teamarbeit zwischen Mensch, KI und Robotern aussehen kann und welche ethischen Grundsätze beim Einsatz von KI und Robotern zu berücksichtigen sind. Das Buch ist angereichert mit digitalen Fragen und Antworten, die Sie über die Flashcard App zum Selbsttest nutzen können. Die ZielgruppenProfessionals im Organisations- und Personalbereich, Berater, Trainer und CoachesStudierende der Wirtschaftspsychologie sowie der Angewandten und Digitalen Psychologie
Mensch-Computer-Interaktion
by Andreas M. HeineckeJeder hat schon die Erfahrung gemacht, dass Webseiten nicht lesbar sind oder Programme unverständliche Meldungen hervorbringen. Kurz: Die Software ist nicht gebrauchstauglich. Ausgehend von der menschlichen Informationsverarbeitung legt der Autor dar, wie Schnittstellen beschaffen sein müssen und wie bei der Entwicklung vorgegangen werden muss, damit die Software gebrauchstauglich wird. Dabei werden neueste Normen und Vorschriften berücksichtigt. Die begleitende Website bietet weitere Beispiele und Übungsaufgaben, Lösungen und weiterführende Links.