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Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for Massive Connectivity (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Yuanwei Liu Zhijin Qin Zhiguo DingThis book discusses non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and the various issues in NOMA networks, including capability, sustainability, and security. This book starts from the basics and key techniques of NOMA. Subsequently, the authors discuss three critical issues in NOMA networks, including compatibility, sustainability, and security. Particularly, the authors first demonstrate the applications of NOMA in different networks including MIMO-NOMA, NOMA in heterogeneous networks, and NOMA in cognitive radio networks to show the compatibility of NOMA with various networks. Then the wireless powered NOMA networks are presented to address the sustainability issues in NOMA networks to extend the network reliability and lifetime. The security enhanced NOMA networks are discussed for single antenna case and multiple antenna case, respectively. Finally, the most recent developments on artificial intelligence (AI) enabled NOMA networks are discussed and the research challenges on NOMA to support massive number of devices are identified.
Non-Photorealistic Rendering
by Bruce Gooch Amy GoochThe ubiquity of computer-generated imagery around us, in movies, advertising or on the Internet is already being taken for granted and what impresses most people is the photorealistic quality of the images. Pictures, as we have often been told, are worth a thousand words and the information transported by an image can take many different forms. Man
Non-Profit Organisations, Volume IV: Structures, Models and Technology (Palgrave Studies in Cross-disciplinary Business Research, In Association with EuroMed Academy of Business)
by Leonidas Efthymiou Demetris Vrontis Yaakov Weber Alkis Thrassou Evangelos Tsoukatos S. M. Riad ShamsThis four-volume book examines, through multiple and cross-discipline perspectives, the science and practice of not-for-profit organisations. These organisations have drawn considerable attention and witnessed extensive growth as they engage in delivering public services to society. And are increasingly pressured to balance business with social goals, inherent idiosyncratic features with management creativity, structural limitations with operational flexibility, and ethical boundaries with pragmatism; all with scarce resources but abundant determination. The first volume explores the opportunities and challenges of non-profit organisations in the contemporary environment, elucidating current and future issues in the field, setting strategic directions, and presenting sector-wide examples and best practices. The second volume explores contextual aspects relating to the economy and industries. The third volume presents social and ethical aspects, as well as matters of sustainability, accountability and the overall wellbeing of society. The fourth and final volume examines structures and models, with an emphasis on technology.
Non-standard Discretisation Methods in Solid Mechanics (Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics #98)
by Jörg Schröder Peter WriggersThis edited volume summarizes research being pursued within the DFG Priority Programme 1748: "Reliable Simulation Methods in Solid Mechanics. Development of non-standard discretisation methods, mechanical and mathematical analysis", the aim of which was to develop novel discretisation methods based e.g. on mixed finite element methods, isogeometric approaches as well as discontinuous Galerkin formulations, including a sound mathematical analysis for geometrically as well as physically nonlinear problems. The Priority Programme has established an international framework for mechanical and applied mathematical research to pursue open challenges on an inter-disciplinary level. The compiled results can be understood as state of the art in the research field and show promising ways of further research in the respective areas. The book is intended for doctoral and post-doctoral students in civil engineering, mechanical engineering, applied mathematics and physics, as well as industrial researchers interested in the field.
The Non-Technical Founder: How a 16-Year Old Built a Six Figure Software Company Without Writing Any Code
by Josh MacDonaldEveryone has an idea that they think is the next big thing. The problem is, it&’s probably an app or software idea and most people probably don&’t know how to code and their record for managing programmers is little to none. Even if they do know how to code, they&’re not quite sure how to get their first one thousand customers. The Non-Technical Founder walks readers through the stages of validating whether their next big thing is good, bringing the idea to life, and getting those first customers.
Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures
by Mehmet Ali Taşdemir Oral Büyüköztürk Oğuz Güneş Yılmaz AkkayaCondition assessment and characterization of materials and structures by means of nondestructive testing (NDT) methods is a priority need around the world to meet the challenges associated with the durability, maintenance, rehabilitation, retrofitting, renewal and health monitoring of new and existing infrastructures including historic monuments. Numerous NDT methods that make use of certain components of the electromagnetic and acoustic spectrum are currently in use to this effect with various levels of success and there is an intensive worldwide research effort aimed at improving the existing methods and developing new ones. The knowledge and information compiled in this book captures the current state of the art in NDT methods and their application to civil and other engineering materials and structures. Critical reviews and advanced interdisciplinary discussions by world-renowned researchers point to the capabilities and limitations of the currently used NDT methods and shed light on current and future research directions to overcome the challenges in their development and practical use. In this respect, the contents of this book will equally benefit practicing engineers and researchers who take part in characterization, assessment and health monitoring of materials and structures.
Nonfunctional Requirements in Mobile Application Development
by Varun Gupta Durg Singh Chauhan Raj Kumar ChopraNonfunctional Requirements in Mobile Application Development is an empirical study that investigates how nonfunctional requirements--as compared with functional requirements--are treated by the software engineers during mobile application development. The book empirically analyzes the contribution of nonfunctional requirements to project parameters such as cost, time, and quality. Such parameters are of prime interest as they determine the survival of organizations in highly dynamic environments. The impact of nonfunctional requirements on project success is analyzed through surveys and case studies, both individually and relative to each other. Sources for data collection include industry, academia, and literature. The book also empirically studies the impact of nonfunctional requirements on the overall business success of both the software development firm and the software procuring firm. Project success is examined to determine if it leads to business success. The book provides rich empirical evidence to place nonfunctional requirements on par with functional requirements to achieve business success in highly competitive markets. This work enhances the body of knowledge through multiple empirical research methods including surveys, case studies, and experimentation to study software engineers' focus on nonfunctional requirements at both project and business levels. The book can guide both computer scientists and business managers in devising theoretical and technical solutions for software release planning to achieve business success.
Nonhuman Photography (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Joanna ZylinskaA new philosophy of photography that goes beyond humanist concepts to consider imaging practices from which the human is absent, as both subject and agent.Today, in the age of CCTV, drones, medical body scans, and satellite images, photography is increasingly decoupled from human agency and human vision. In Nonhuman Photography, Joanna Zylinska offers a new philosophy of photography, going beyond the human-centric view to consider imaging practices from which the human is absent. Zylinska argues further that even those images produced by humans, whether artists or amateurs, entail a nonhuman, mechanical element—that is, they involve the execution of technical and cultural algorithms that shape our image-making devices as well as our viewing practices. At the same time, she notes, photography is increasingly mobilized to document the precariousness of the human habitat and tasked with helping us imagine a better tomorrow. With its conjoined human-nonhuman agency and vision, Zylinska claims, photography functions as both a form of control and a life-shaping force.Zylinska explores the potential of photography for developing new modes of seeing and imagining, and presents images from her own photographic project, Active Perceptual Systems. She also examines the challenges posed by digitization to established notions of art, culture, and the media. In connecting biological extinction and technical obsolescence, and discussing the parallels between photography and fossilization, she proposes to understand photography as a light-induced process of fossilization across media and across time scales.
Nonlinear Analysis: Problems, Applications and Computational Methods (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #168)
by Zakia Hammouch Hemen Dutta Said Melliani Michael RuzhanskyThis book is a collection of original research papers as proceedings of the 6th International Congress of the Moroccan Society of Applied Mathematics organized by Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Morocco, during 7th–9th November 2019. It focuses on new problems, applications and computational methods in the field of nonlinear analysis. It includes various topics including fractional differential systems of various types, time-fractional systems, nonlinear Jerk equations, reproducing kernel Hilbert space method, thrombin receptor activation mechanism model, labour force evolution model, nonsmooth vector optimization problems, anisotropic elliptic nonlinear problem, viscous primitive equations of geophysics, quadratic optimal control problem, multi-orthogonal projections and generalized continued fractions. The conference aimed at fostering cooperation among students, researchers and experts from diverse areas of applied mathematics and related sciences through fruitful deliberations on new research findings. This book is expected to be resourceful for researchers, educators and graduate students interested in applied mathematics and interactions of mathematics with other branches of science and engineering.
Nonlinear and Complex Dynamics
by José António Machado Albert C. Luo Dumitru BaleanuNonlinear Dynamics of Complex Systems describes chaos, fractal and stochasticities within celestial mechanics, financial systems and biochemical systems. Part I discusses methods and applications in celestial systems and new results in such areas as low energy impact dynamics, low-thrust planar trajectories to the moon and earth-to-halo transfers in the sun, earth and moon. Part II presents the dynamics of complex systems including bio-systems, neural systems, chemical systems and hydro-dynamical systems. Finally, Part III covers economic and financial systems including market uncertainty, inflation, economic activity and foreign competition and the role of nonlinear dynamics in each.
Nonlinear Blind Source Separation and Blind Mixture Identification: Methods for Bilinear, Linear-quadratic and Polynomial Mixtures (SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering)
by Yannick Deville Leonardo Tomazeli Duarte Shahram HosseiniThis book provides a detailed survey of the methods that were recently developed to handle advanced versions of the blind source separation problem, which involve several types of nonlinear mixtures. Another attractive feature of the book is that it is based on a coherent framework. More precisely, the authors first present a general procedure for developing blind source separation methods. Then, all reported methods are defined with respect to this procedure. This allows the reader not only to more easily follow the description of each method but also to see how these methods relate to one another. The coherence of this book also results from the fact that the same notations are used throughout the chapters for the quantities (source signals and so on) that are used in various methods. Finally, among the quite varied types of processing methods that are presented in this book, a significant part of this description is dedicated to methods based on artificial neural networks, especially recurrent ones, which are currently of high interest to the data analysis and machine learning community in general, beyond the more specific signal processing and blind source separation communities.
Nonlinear Combinatorial Optimization: Algorithms And Applications (Springer Optimization and Its Applications #147)
by Ding-Zhu Du Panos M. Pardalos Zhao ZhangGraduate students and researchers in applied mathematics, optimization, engineering, computer science, and management science will find this book a useful reference which provides an introduction to applications and fundamental theories in nonlinear combinatorial optimization. Nonlinear combinatorial optimization is a new research area within combinatorial optimization and includes numerous applications to technological developments, such as wireless communication, cloud computing, data science, and social networks. Theoretical developments including discrete Newton methods, primal-dual methods with convex relaxation, submodular optimization, discrete DC program, along with several applications are discussed and explored in this book through articles by leading experts.
Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics and Large Inelastic Deformations
by Yuriy I. DimitrienkoThe book provides a rigorous axiomatic approach to continuum mechanics under large deformation. In addition to the classical nonlinear continuum mechanics - kinematics, fundamental laws, the theory of functions having jump discontinuities across singular surfaces, etc. - the book presents the theory of co-rotational derivatives, dynamic deformation compatibility equations, and the principles of material indifference and symmetry, all in systematized form. The focus of the book is a new approach to the formulation of the constitutive equations for elastic and inelastic continua under large deformation. This new approach is based on using energetic and quasi-energetic couples of stress and deformation tensors. This approach leads to a unified treatment of large, anisotropic elastic, viscoelastic, and plastic deformations. The author analyses classical problems, including some involving nonlinear wave propagation, using different models for continua under large deformation, and shows how different models lead to different results. The analysis is accompanied by experimental data and detailed numerical results for rubber, the ground, alloys, etc. The book will be an invaluable text for graduate students and researchers in solid mechanics, mechanical engineering, applied mathematics, physics and crystallography, as also for scientists developing advanced materials.
Nonlinear Control of Vehicles and Robots
by Lőrinc Márton Béla LantosNonlinear Control of Vehicles and Robots develops a unified approach to the dynamic modeling of robots in terrestrial, aerial and marine environments. The main classes of nonlinear systems and stability methods are summarized and basic nonlinear control methods, useful in manipulator and vehicle control, are presented. Formation control of ground robots and ships is discussed. The book also deals with the modeling and control of robotic systems in the presence of non-smooth nonlinearities. Robust adaptive tracking control of robotic systems with unknown payload and friction in the presence of uncertainties is treated. Theoretical and practical aspects of the control algorithms under discussion are detailed. Examples are included throughout the book allowing the reader to apply the control and modeling techniques in their own research and development work. Some of these examples demonstrate state estimation based on the use of advanced sensors as part of the control system.
Nonlinear Control Systems using MATLAB®
by Mourad BoufadeneThe development of computer software for nonlinear control systems has provided many benefits for teaching, research, and the development of control systems design. MATLAB is considered the dominant software platforms for linear and nonlinear control systems analysis. <P><P>This book provides an easy way to learn nonlinear control systems such as feedback linearization technique and Sliding mode control (Structure variable control) which are one of the most used techniques in nonlinear control dynamical systems; therefore teachers-students and researchers are all in need to handle such techniques; and since they are too difficult for them to handle such nonlinear controllers especially for a more complicated systems such as induction motor, satellite, and vehicles dynamical models. Thus, this document it is an excellent resource for learning the principle of feedback linearization and sliding mode techniques in an easy and simple way: <li>Provides a briefs description of the feedback linearization and slidingmode control strategies <li>Includes a simple method on how to determine the right and appropriate controller (P-PI-PID) for feedback linearization control strategy. <li>A Symbolic MATLAB Based function for finding the feedback linearization and sliding mode controllers are developed and tested using several examples. <li>A simple method for finding the approximate sliding mode controller parameters is introduced <li>Where the program used to construct the nonlinear controller uses symbolic computations; such that the user should provide the program with the necessary functions f(x), g(x) and h(x) using the symbolic library.
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction Techniques: A Data Structure Preservation Approach
by Sylvain Lespinats Benoit Colange Denys DutykhThis book proposes tools for analysis of multidimensional and metric data, by establishing a state-of-the-art of the existing solutions and developing new ones. It mainly focuses on visual exploration of these data by a human analyst, relying on a 2D or 3D scatter plot display obtained through Dimensionality Reduction. Performing diagnosis of an energy system requires identifying relations between observed monitoring variables and the associated internal state of the system. Dimensionality reduction, which allows to represent visually a multidimensional dataset, constitutes a promising tool to help domain experts to analyse these relations. This book reviews existing techniques for visual data exploration and dimensionality reduction such as tSNE and Isomap, and proposes new solutions to challenges in that field. In particular, it presents the new unsupervised technique ASKI and the supervised methods ClassNeRV and ClassJSE. Moreover, MING, a new approach for local map quality evaluation is also introduced. These methods are then applied to the representation of expert-designed fault indicators for smart-buildings, I-V curves for photovoltaic systems and acoustic signals for Li-ion batteries.
Nonlinear Dispersive Waves: Based on the 2023 Workshop at University College Cork, Ireland (Advances in Mathematical Fluid Mechanics)
by David HenryThis volume explores a number of exciting developments in the field of nonlinear dispersive waves with a particular focus on waves arising in the ocean. Chapters are based on talks given at the workshop “Nonlinear Dispersive Waves” that was held at University College Cork, Ireland, on April 24-25, 2023. Specific topics covered include: The recovery of steady rotational wave surface profiles; Hamiltonian models for the propagation of long gravity waves; Waves propagating at the surface of a fluid covered by floating ice plates; The use of spherical coordinates to describe arctic ocean waves; Boundary value problems related to the Muskat Problem. Nonlinear Dispersive Waves will appeal to researchers as well as graduate students interested in this active area of research.
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems with Self-Excited and Hidden Attractors (Studies In Systems, Decision And Control #133)
by Viet-Thanh Pham Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan Christos Volos Tomasz KapitaniakThis book highlights the latest findings on nonlinear dynamical systems including two types of attractors: self-excited and hidden attractors. Further, it presents both theoretical and practical approaches to investigating nonlinear dynamical systems with self-excited and hidden attractors. The book includes 20 chapters contributed by respected experts, which focus on various applications such as biological systems, memristor-based systems, fractional-order systems, finance systems, business cycles, oscillators, coupled systems, hyperchaotic systems, flexible robot manipulators, electronic circuits, and control models. Special attention is given to modeling, design, circuit realization, and practical applications to address recent research problems in nonlinear dynamical systems.The book provides a valuable reference guide to nonlinear dynamical systems for engineers, researchers, and graduate students, especially those whose work involves mechanics, electrical engineering, and control systems.
Nonlinear Dynamics and Complexity
by Valentin Afraimovich Albert C. J. Luo Xilin FuThis important collection presents recent advances in nonlinear dynamics including analytical solutions, chaos in Hamiltonian systems, time-delay, uncertainty, and bio-network dynamics. Nonlinear Dynamics and Complexity equips readers to appreciate this increasingly main-stream approach to understanding complex phenomena in nonlinear systems as they are examined in a broad array of disciplines. The book facilitates a better understanding of the mechanisms and phenomena in nonlinear dynamics and develops the corresponding mathematical theory to apply nonlinear design to practical engineering.
Nonlinear Dynamics in Computational Neuroscience (PoliTO Springer Series)
by Fernando Corinto Alessandro TorciniThis book provides an essential overview of computational neuroscience. It addresses a broad range of aspects, from physiology to nonlinear dynamical approaches to understanding neural computation, and from the simulation of brain circuits to the development of engineering devices and platforms for neuromorphic computation. Written by leading experts in such diverse fields as neuroscience, physics, psychology, neural engineering, cognitive science and applied mathematics, the book reflects the remarkable advances that have been made in the field of computational neuroscience, an emerging discipline devoted to the study of brain functions in terms of the information-processing properties of the structures forming the nervous system. The contents build on the workshop “Nonlinear Dynamics in Computational Neuroscience: from Physics and Biology to ICT,” which was held in Torino, Italy in September 2015.
Nonlinear Eigenproblems in Image Processing and Computer Vision (Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition)
by Guy GilboaThis unique text/reference presents a fresh look at nonlinear processing through nonlinear eigenvalue analysis, highlighting how one-homogeneous convex functionals can induce nonlinear operators that can be analyzed within an eigenvalue framework. The text opens with an introduction to the mathematical background, together with a summary of classical variational algorithms for vision. This is followed by a focus on the foundations and applications of the new multi-scale representation based on non-linear eigenproblems. The book then concludes with a discussion of new numerical techniques for finding nonlinear eigenfunctions, and promising research directions beyond the convex case.Topics and features: introduces the classical Fourier transform and its associated operator and energy, and asks how these concepts can be generalized in the nonlinear case; reviews the basic mathematical notion, briefly outlining the use of variational and flow-based methods to solve image-processing and computer vision algorithms; describes the properties of the total variation (TV) functional, and how the concept of nonlinear eigenfunctions relate to convex functionals; provides a spectral framework for one-homogeneous functionals, and applies this framework for denoising, texture processing and image fusion; proposes novel ways to solve the nonlinear eigenvalue problem using special flows that converge to eigenfunctions; examines graph-based and nonlocal methods, for which a TV eigenvalue analysis gives rise to strong segmentation, clustering and classification algorithms; presents an approach to generalizing the nonlinear spectral concept beyond the convex case, based on pixel decay analysis; discusses relations to other branches of image processing, such as wavelets and dictionary based methods.This original work offers fascinating new insights into established signal processing techniques, integrating deep mathematical concepts from a range of different fields, which will be of great interest to all researchers involved with image processing and computer vision applications, as well as computations for more general scientific problems.
Nonlinear Optimization: Models and Applications (Textbooks in Mathematics)
by William P. FoxOptimization is the act of obtaining the "best" result under given circumstances. In design, construction, and maintenance of any engineering system, engineers must make technological and managerial decisions to minimize either the effort or cost required or to maximize benefits. There is no single method available for solving all optimization problems efficiently. Several optimization methods have been developed for different types of problems. The optimum-seeking methods are mathematical programming techniques (specifically, nonlinear programming techniques). Nonlinear Optimization: Models and Applications presents the concepts in several ways to foster understanding. Geometric interpretation: is used to re-enforce the concepts and to foster understanding of the mathematical procedures. The student sees that many problems can be analyzed, and approximate solutions found before analytical solutions techniques are applied. Numerical approximations: early on, the student is exposed to numerical techniques. These numerical procedures are algorithmic and iterative. Worksheets are provided in Excel, MATLAB®, and Maple™ to facilitate the procedure. Algorithms: all algorithms are provided with a step-by-step format. Examples follow the summary to illustrate its use and application. Nonlinear Optimization: Models and Applications: Emphasizes process and interpretation throughout Presents a general classification of optimization problems Addresses situations that lead to models illustrating many types of optimization problems Emphasizes model formulations Addresses a special class of problems that can be solved using only elementary calculus Emphasizes model solution and model sensitivity analysis About the author: William P. Fox is an emeritus professor in the Department of Defense Analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School. He received his Ph.D. at Clemson University and has taught at the United States Military Academy and at Francis Marion University where he was the chair of mathematics. He has written many publications including over 20 books, and over 150 journal articles. Currently, he is an adjunct professor in the Department of Mathematics at the College of William and Mary. He is the emeritus director of both the High School Mathematical Contest in Modeling and the Mathematical Contest in Modeling.
Nonlinear Optimization Applications Using the GAMS Technology
by Neculai AndreiHere is a collection of nonlinear optimization applications from the real world, expressed in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). The concepts are presented so that the reader can quickly modify and update them to represent real-world situations.
Nonlinear Resonances
by Miguel A.F. Sanjuan Shanmuganathan RajasekarThis introductory text presents the basic aspects and most important features of various types of resonances and anti-resonances in dynamical systems. In particular, for each resonance, it covers the theoretical concepts, illustrates them with case studies, and reviews the available information on mechanisms, characterization, numerical simulations, experimental realizations, possible quantum analogues, applications and significant advances made over the years. Resonances are one of the most fundamental phenomena exhibited by nonlinear systems and refer to specific realizations of maximum response of a system due to the ability of that system to store and transfer energy received from an external forcing source. Resonances are of particular importance in physical, engineering and biological systems - they can prove to be advantageous in many applications, while leading to instability and even disasters in others. The book is self-contained, providing the details of mathematical derivations and techniques involved in numerical simulations. Though primarily intended for graduate students, it can also be considered a reference book for any researcher interested in the dynamics of resonant phenomena.
Nonlinear Structural Mechanics
by Walter LacarbonaraThis book reviews the theoretical framework of nonlinear mechanics, covering computational methods, applications, parametric investigations of nonlinear phenomena and mechanical interpretation towards design. Builds skills via increasing levels of complexity.