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Physical Perspectives on Computation, Computational Perspectives on Physics
by Michael E. Cuffaro Samuel C. FletcherAlthough computation and the science of physical systems would appear to be unrelated, there are a number of ways in which computational and physical concepts can be brought together in ways that illuminate both. <P><P>This volume examines fundamental questions which connect scholars from both disciplines: is the universe a computer? Can a universal computing machine simulate every physical process? What is the source of the computational power of quantum computers? Are computational approaches to solving physical problems and paradoxes always fruitful? Contributors from multiple perspectives reflecting the diversity of thought regarding these interconnections address many of the most important developments and debates within this exciting area of research. Both a reference to the state of the art and a valuable and accessible entry to interdisciplinary work, the volume will interest researchers and students working in physics, computer science, and philosophy of science and mathematics.<P> Fills the gap in the book-length treatments of the interrelations between computation and physics, especially within philosophy.<P> Provides a reference point for the state of the art in important topics and research questions in this area.<P> Brings together scholars from a wide range of perspectives and disciplines.
Physical Security and Safety: A Field Guide for the Practitioner (Occupational Safety & Health Guide Series #17)
by Truett A. Ricks Bobby E. Ricks Jeff DingleHow-To Guide Written By Practicing ProfessionalsPhysical Security and Safety: A Field Guide for the Practitioner introduces the basic principles of safety in the workplace, and effectively addresses the needs of the responsible security practitioner. This book provides essential knowledge on the procedures and processes needed for loss reduction, p
Physical and Data-Link Security Techniques for Future Communication Systems
by Marco Baldi Stefano TomasinThis book focuses on techniques that can be applied at the physical and data-link layers of communication systems in order to secure transmissions against eavesdroppers. Topics ranging from information theory-based security to coding for security and cryptography are discussed, with presentation of cutting-edge research and innovative results from leading researchers. The characteristic feature of all the contributions is their relevance for practical embodiments: detailed consideration is given to applications of security principles to a variety of widely used communication techniques such as multiantenna systems, ultra-wide band communication systems, power line communications, and quantum key distribution techniques. A further distinctive aspect is the attention paid to both unconditional and computational security techniques, providing a bridge between two usually distinct worlds. The book comprises extended versions of contributions delivered at the Workshop on Communication Security, held in Ancona, Italy, in September 2014 within the framework of the research project "Enhancing Communication Security by Cross-layer Physical and Data-link Techniques", funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities, and Research.
Physical-Layer Security and Quantum Key Distribution
by Ivan B. DjordjevicThis textbook integrates the most advanced topics of physical-layer security, cryptography, covert/stealth communications, quantum key distribution (QKD), and cyber security to tackle complex security issues. After introducing the reader to various concepts and practices, the author addresses how these can work together to target problems, rather than treating them as separate disciplines. This book offers students an in-depth exposition on: cryptography, information-theoretic approach to cryptography, physical-layer security, covert/stealth/low-probability of detection communications, quantum information theory, QKD, and cyber security; to mention few. The goal is to provide a unified description of the most advanced topics related to: (i) modern cryptography, (ii) physical-layer security, (iii) QKD, (iv) covert communications, and (v) cyber security. Each chapter is followed by a set of problems. Also, for readers to better understand the book, an appendix covers all needed background. Homework problems and lecture notes are available online. The book does not require any prior knowledge or prerequisite material.
Physical-Layer Security for Cooperative Relay Networks
by Yulong Zou Jia ZhuThis book presents physical-layer security as a promising paradigm for achieving the information-theoretic secrecy required for wireless networks. It explains how wireless networks are extremely vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks and discusses a range of security techniques including information-theoretic security, artificial noise aided security, security-oriented beamforming, and diversity assisted security approaches. It also provides an overview of the cooperative relaying methods for wireless networks such as orthogonal relaying, non-orthogonal relaying, and relay selection. Chapters explore the relay-selection designs for improving wireless secrecy against eavesdropping in time-varying fading environments and a joint relay and jammer selection for wireless physical-layer security, where a relay is used to assist the transmission from the source to destination and a friendly jammer is employed to transmit an artificial noise for confusing the eavesdropper. Additionally, the security-reliability tradeoff (SRT) is mathematically characterized for wireless communications and two main relay-selection schemes, the single-relay and multi-relay selection, are devised for the wireless SRT improvement. In the single-relay selection, only the single best relay is chosen for assisting the wireless transmission, while the multi-relay selection invokes multiple relays for simultaneously forwarding the source transmission to the destination. Physical-Layer Security for Cooperative Relay Networks is designed for researchers and professionals working with networking or wireless security. Advanced-level students interested in networks, wireless, or privacy will also find this book a useful resource.
Physically Based Rendering, fourth edition: From Theory to Implementation
by Matt Pharr Greg Humphreys Wenzel JakobA comprehensive update of the leading-edge computer graphics textbook that sets the standard for physically-based rendering in the industry and the field, with new material on GPU ray tracing.Photorealistic computer graphics are ubiquitous in today&’s world, widely used in movies and video games as well as product design and architecture. Physically-based approaches to rendering, where an accurate modeling of the physics of light scattering is at the heart of image synthesis, offer both visual realism and predictability. Now in a comprehensively updated new edition, this best-selling computer graphics textbook sets the standard for physically-based rendering in the industry and the field. Physically Based Rendering describes both the mathematical theory behind a modern photorealistic rendering system as well as its practical implementation. A method known as literate programming combines human-readable documentation and source code into a single reference that is specifically designed to aid comprehension. The book&’s leading-edge algorithms, software, and ideas—including new material on GPU ray tracing—equip the reader to design and employ a full-featured rendering system capable of creating stunning imagery. This essential text represents the future of real-time graphics. Detailed and rigorous but accessible approach guides readers all the way from theory to practical software implementationFourth edition features new chapter on GPU ray tracing essential for game developersThe premier reference for professionals learning about and working in the fieldWon its authors a 2014 Academy Award for Scientific and Technical Achievement Includes a companion site complete with source code
Physically Unclonable Functions
by Roel MaesPhysically unclonable functions (PUFs) are innovative physical security primitives that produce unclonable and inherent instance-specific measurements of physical objects; in many ways they are the inanimate equivalent of biometrics for human beings. Since they are able to securely generate and store secrets, they allow us to bootstrap the physical implementation of an information security system. In this book the author discusses PUFs in all their facets: the multitude of their physical constructions, the algorithmic and physical properties which describe them, and the techniques required to deploy them in security applications. The author first presents an extensive overview and classification of PUF constructions, with a focus on so-called intrinsic PUFs. He identifies subclasses, implementation properties, and design techniques used to amplify submicroscopic physical distinctions into observable digital response vectors. He lists the useful qualities attributed to PUFs and captures them in descriptive definitions, identifying the truly PUF-defining properties in the process, and he also presents the details of a formal framework for deploying PUFs and similar physical primitives in cryptographic reductions. The author then describes a silicon test platform carrying different intrinsic PUF structures which was used to objectively compare their reliability, uniqueness, and unpredictability based on experimental data. In the final chapters, the author explains techniques for PUF-based entity identification, entity authentication, and secure key generation. He proposes practical schemes that implement these techniques, and derives and calculates measures for assessing different PUF constructions in these applications based on the quality of their response statistics. Finally, he presents a fully functional prototype implementation of a PUF-based cryptographic key generator, demonstrating the full benefit of using PUFs and the efficiency of the processing techniques described. This is a suitable introduction and reference for security researchers and engineers, and graduate students in information security and cryptography.
Physically Unclonable Functions: From Basic Design Principles To Advanced Hardware Security Applications
by Basel HalakThis book discusses the design principles of physically unclonable functions (PUFs) and how these can be employed in hardware-based security applications, in particular, the book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of security threats and existing countermeasures.This book has many features that make it a unique source for students, engineers and educators, including more than 80 problems and worked exercises, in addition to, approximately 200 references, which give extensive direction for further reading.
Physician Integration & Alignment: IPA, PHO, ACOs, and Beyond
by Maria K. ToddToday, with physician and hospital reimbursement being cut and tied to quality incentives, physicians and health plans are revisiting the concept of integration. Payers are demanding that the industry do more with less without sacrificing quality of care. As a result, physicians again find themselves integrating and aligning with hospitals that hav
Physics Experiments with Arduino and Smartphones (Undergraduate Texts in Physics)
by Giovanni OrgantiniThis book on the use of Arduino and Smartphones in physics experiments, with a focus on mechanics, introduces various techniques by way of examples. The main aim is to teach students how to take meaningful measurements and how to interpret them. Each topic is introduced by an experiment. Those at the beginning of the book are rather simple to build and analyze. As the lessons proceed, the experiments become more refined and new techniques are introduced. Rather than providing recipes to be adopted while taking measurements, the need for new concepts is raised by observing the results of an experiment. A formal justification is given only after a concept has been introduced experimentally. The discussion extends beyond the taking of measurements to their meaning in terms of physics, the importance of what is learned from the laws that are derived, and their limits. Stress is placed on the importance of careful design of experiments as to reduce systematic errors and on good practices to avoid common mistakes. Data are always analyzed using computer software. C-like structures are introduced in teaching how to program Arduino, while data collection and analysis is done using Python. Several methods of graphical representation of data are used.
Physics and Finance (Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics)
by Volker ZiemannThis book introduces physics students to concepts and methods of finance. Despite being perceived as quite distant from physics, finance shares a number of common methods and ideas, usually related to noise and uncertainties. Juxtaposing the key methods to applications in both physics and finance articulates both differences and common features, this gives students a deeper understanding of the underlying ideas. Moreover, they acquire a number of useful mathematical and computational tools, such as stochastic differential equations, path integrals, Monte-Carlo methods, and basic cryptology. Each chapter ends with a set of carefully designed exercises enabling readers to test their comprehension.
Physics for Animators
by Michele BousquetAchieving believable motion in animation requires an understanding of physics that most of us missed out on in art school. Although animators often break the laws of physics for comedic or dramatic effect, you need to know which laws you’re breaking in order to make it work. And while large studios might be able to spend a lot of time and money testing different approaches or hiring a physics consultant, smaller studios and independent animators have no such luxury. This book takes the mystery out of physics tasks like character motion, light and shadow placement, explosions, ocean movement, and outer space scenes, making it easy to apply realistic physics to your work. <li>Physics concepts are explained in animator’s terms, relating concepts specifically to animation movement and appearance. <li>Complex mathematical concepts are broken down into clear steps you can follow to solve animation problems quickly and effectively. <li>Bonus companion website at www.physicsforanimators.com offers additional resources, including examples in movies and games, links to resources, and tips on using physics in your work. <P><P>Uniting theory and practice, author Michele Bousquet teaches animators how to swiftly and efficiently create scientifically accurate scenes and fix problem spots, and how and when to break the laws of physics. Ideal for everything from classical 2D animation to advanced CG special effects, this book provides animators with solutions that are simple, quick, and powerful.
Physics for Game Developers: Science, math, and code for realistic effects
by David M Bourg Bryan BywalecIf you want to enrich your game’s experience with physics-based realism, the expanded edition of this classic book details physics principles applicable to game development. You’ll learn about collisions, explosions, sound, projectiles, and other effects used in games on Wii, PlayStation, Xbox, smartphones, and tablets. You’ll also get a handle on how to take advantage of various sensors such as accelerometers and optical tracking devices.Authors David Bourg and Bryan Bywalec show you how to develop your own solutions to a variety of problems by providing technical background, formulas, and a few code examples. This updated book is indispensable whether you work alone or as part of a team.Refresh your knowledge of classical mechanics, including kinematics, force, kinetics, and collision responseExplore rigid body dynamics, using real-time 2D and 3D simulations to handle rotation and inertiaApply concepts to real-world problems: model the behavior of boats, airplanes, cars, and sports ballsEnhance your games with digital physics, using accelerometers, touch screens, GPS, optical tracking devices, and 3D displaysCapture 3D sound effects with the OpenAL audio API
Physics for JavaScript Games, Animation, and Simulations
by Dev Ramtal Adrian DobreHave you ever wanted to include believable physical behaviors in your games and projects to give them that extra edge? Physics for JavaScript Games, Animation, and Simulations teaches you how to incorporate real physics, such as gravity, friction, and buoyancy, into your HTML5 games, animations, and simulations. It also includes more advanced topics, such as particle systems, which are essential for creating effects such as sparks or smoke. The book also addresses the key issue of balancing accuracy and simplicity in your games and simulations, and the final chapters provide you with the information and the code to make the right choice for your project. Physics for JavaScript Games, Animation, and Simulations assumes you have a basic knowledge of JavaScript and HTML5. However, no previous knowledge of physics is required--only some very basic math skills. The authors present everything from basic principles to advanced concepts in an approachable way, so you'll be able to follow the logic and easily adapt the principles to your own applications. The book is packed full of practical examples of how you can apply physics to your own games and applications. Spring behaviors can be used for anything from tweaking lowrider suspension to creating cloth simulation; flotation mechanics enable the simulation of submersibles or dirigibles; you can even create your own solar system with accurate orbits and gravity. It doesn't matter if you're modeling the Lorentz force in an electromagnetic field or you're modeling the lift force in a flight simulator, Physics for JavaScript Games, Animation, and Simulations enables you to fill your games and applications with accurate and realistic effects.
Physics of Data Science and Machine Learning
by Ijaz A. RaufPhysics of Data Science and Machine Learning links fundamental concepts of physics to data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence for physicists looking to integrate these techniques into their work. This book is written explicitly for physicists, marrying quantum and statistical mechanics with modern data mining, data science, and machine learning. It also explains how to integrate these techniques into the design of experiments, whilst exploring neural networks and machine learning building on fundamental concepts of statistical and quantum mechanics. This book is a self-learning tool for physicists looking to learn how to utilize data science and machine learning in their research. It will also be of interest to computer scientists and applied mathematicians, alongside graduate students looking to understand the basic concepts and foundations of data science, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. Although specifically written for physicists, it will also help provide non-physicists with an opportunity to understand the fundamental concepts from a physics perspective to aid the development of new and innovative machine learning and artificial intelligence tools. Key features: Introduces the design of experiments and digital twin concepts in simple lay terms for physicists to understand, adopt, and adapt. Free from endless derivations, instead equations are presented and explained strategically and explain why it is imperative to use them and how they will help in the task at hand. Illustrations and simple explanations help readers visualize and absorb the difficult to understand concepts. Ijaz A. Rauf is Adjunct Professor at the School of Graduate Studies, York University, Toronto, Canada. He is also an Associate Researcher at Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada and President of the Eminent-Tech Corporation, Bradford, ON, Canada.
Physics of Geochemical Mechanics and Deep Neural Network Modeling with Diffusion Augmentation: Applications to Earthquake Prediction (Advances in Geological Science)
by Mitsuhiro ToriumiThis book provides a new data augmentation method based on the local stochastic distribution patterns in natural time series data of global and regional seismicity rates and their correlated seismicity rates. The augmentation procedure is called the diffusion – denoising augmentation method from the local Gaussian distribution of segmented data of long time series. This method makes it possible to apply the deep machine learning necessary to neural network prediction of rare large earthquakes in the global and regional earth system.The book presents the physical background of the processes showing the development of characteristic features in the global and regional correlated seismicity dynamics, which are manifested by the successive time series of 1990–2023. Physical processes of the correlated global seismicity change and the earth’s rotation, fluctuation of plate motion, and the earth’s ellipsoid ratio (C20 of satellite gravity change) are proposed in this book. The equivalency between Gaussian seismicity network dynamics and the minimal nonlinear dynamics model of correlated seismicity rates is also provided. In addition, the book contains simulated models of the shear crack jog wave, precipitation of minerals in the jog, and jog accumulation inducing shear crack propagation which leads to earthquakes in the plate boundary rocks under permeable fluid flow.
Physics of Quantum Rings
by Vladimir FominThis book deals with a new class of materials, quantum rings. Innovative recent advances in experimental and theoretical physics of quantum rings are based on the most advanced state-of-the-art fabrication and characterization techniques as well as theoretical methods. The experimental efforts allow to obtain a new class of semiconductor quantum rings formed by capping self-organized quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Novel optical and magnetic properties of quantum rings are associated with non-trivial topologies at the nanoscale. An adequate characterization of quantum rings is possible on the basis of modern characterization methods of nanostructures, such as Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. A high level of complexity is demonstrated to be needed for a dedicated theoretical model to adequately represent the specific features of quantum rings. The findings presented in this book contribute to develop low-cost high-performance electronic, spintronic, optoelectronic and information processing devices based on quantum rings.
Physics of Quantum Rings (NanoScience and Technology)
by Vladimir M. FominThis book, now in its second edition, introduces readers to quantum rings as a special class of modern high-tech material structures at the nanoscale. It deals, in particular, with their formation by means of molecular beam epitaxy and droplet epitaxy of semiconductors, and their topology-driven electronic, optical and magnetic properties. A highly complex theoretical model is developed to adequately represent the specific features of quantum rings. The results presented here are intended to facilitate the development of low-cost high-performance electronic, spintronic, optoelectronic and information processing devices based on quantum rings. This second edition includes both new and significantly revised chapters. It provides extensive information on recent advances in the physics of quantum rings related to the spin-orbit interaction and spin dynamics (spin interference in Rashba rings, tunable exciton topology on type II InAs/GaAsSb quantum nanostructures), the electron-phonon interaction in ring-like structures, quantum interference manifestations in novel materials (graphene nanoribbons, MoS2), and the effects of electrical field and THz radiation on the optical properties of quantum rings. The new edition also shares insights into the properties of various novel architectures, including coupled quantum ring-quantum dot chains and concentric quantum rings, topologic states of light in self-assembled ring-like cavities, and optical and plasmon m.odes in Möbius-shaped resonators.
Physics of the Human Temporality: Complex Present (Understanding Complex Systems)
by Ihor Lubashevsky Natalie PlavinskaThis book presents a novel account of the human temporal dimension called the “human temporality” and develops a special mathematical formalism for describing such an object as the human mind. One of the characteristic features of the human mind is its temporal extent. For objects of physical reality, only the present exists, which may be conceived as a point-like moment in time. In the human temporality, the past retained in the memory, the imaginary future, and the present coexist and are closely intertwined and impact one another.This book focuses on one of the fragments of the human temporality called the complex present. A detailed analysis of the classical and modern concepts has enabled the authors to put forward the idea of the multi-component structure of the present. For the concept of the complex present, the authors proposed a novel account that involves a qualitative description and a special mathematical formalism. This formalism takes into account human goal-oriented behavior and uncertainty in human perception.The present book can be interesting for theoreticians, physicists dealing with modeling systems where the human factor plays a crucial role, philosophers who are interested in applying philosophical concepts to constructing mathematical models, and psychologists whose research is related to modeling mental processes.
Physics, Nature and Society: A Guide to Order and Complexity in Our World (The Frontiers Collection)
by Joaquín MarroThis wide-ranging and accessible book serves as a fascinating guide to the strategies and concepts that help us understand the boundaries between physics, on the one hand, and sociology, economics, and biology on the other. From cooperation and criticality to flock dynamics and fractals, the author addresses many of the topics belonging to the broad theme of complexity. He chooses excellent examples (requiring no prior mathematical knowledge) to illuminate these ideas and their implications. The lively style and clear description of the relevant models will appeal both to novices and those with an existing knowledge of the field.
Physics-Based Vision: Color, Volume 2
by Glenn E. Healey Steven A. Shafer Lawrence B. WolffCommentaries by the editors to this comprehensive anthology in the area of physics-based vision put the papers in perspective and guide the reader to a thorough understanding of the basics of the field. Paper Topics Include: - Color Image Formation - Color Reflection Models - Color Image Segmentation - Color Constancy - Color Highlight Analysis - C
Physics-Based Vision: Radiometry, Volume 1
by Glenn E. Healey Steven A. Shafer Lawrence B. WolffCommentaries by the editors to this comprehensive anthology in the area of physics-based vision put the papers in perspective and guide the reader to a thorough understanding of the basics of the field. Paper Topics Include: - Intensity Reflection Models - Polarization and Refraction - Camera Calibration - Quantization and Sampling - Depth from Opt
Physics-Based Vision: Shape Recovery, Volume 3
by Glenn E. Healey Steven A. Shafer Lawrence B. WolffCommentaries by the editors to this comprehensive anthology in the area of physics-based vision put the papers in perspective and guide the reader to a thorough understanding of the basics of the field. Paper Topics Include: - Shape from Shading - Photometric Stereo - Shape Recovery from Specular Reflection - Shape Recovery from Interreflection - Shape Recovery from Shadows - Radiometric Analysis of Stereo and Motion - Physics-Based Sensor Fusion.
Physik begreifen – besser konstruieren: 8 Rezepte für besseres Konstruieren dank Physics Driven Design
by Michael Brand Christof Gebhardt Kevin Baur Severin BrunnerNeue Produkte zu entwerfen und funktional zu gestalten, ist eine höchst kreative und verantwortungsvolle Aufgabe. Wenn Sie die Physik hinter Ihrem Design beherrschen gelingt es Ihnen ganz selbstverständlich, besser, nämlich entlang der gewünschten Funktion, zu konstruieren.Die vorliegenden 8 Rezepte sind nicht einfach Konstruktionsvorschriften, sondern aus jahrelanger Erfahrung abgeleitete Empfehlungen, die alle einen erklärbaren physikalischen Hintergrund haben. Warum funktioniert es besser, eine Konstruktion zugdominant statt biegedominant zu gestalten? Wie verteilt man die Steifigkeiten am besten, um einen optimalen Kraftfluss zu erhalten? Was passiert an Stellen, an denen man eine Strömung umlenkt und wie kann man das mit geringsten Verlusten steuern?Die Autoren führen Sie durch die 8 Rezepte und erklären Ihnen, worauf Sie achten müssen und warum es funktioniert. Anhand konkreter Beispiele aus dem Konstruktionsalltag werden die Rezepte ausprobiert und viele Varianten durchgetestet. Bei diesem spielerischen Ausprobieren von verschiedenen Szenarien schauen Sie den Autoren über die Schulter und können erleben, wie das Verständnis um die physikalische Wirkung die Evolution des Designs steuert. Alle Beispiele wurden mit ANSYS Discovery Live aufbereitet und stehen zum Download bereit, sodass Sie selbst die Rezepte ausprobieren und auf Ihre Anwendungen übertragen können.
Physik und Finanzen
by Volker ZiemannDieses Buch führt Physikstudenten in die Konzepte und Methoden der Finanzwissenschaft ein. Obwohl die Finanzwissenschaft als recht weit von der Physik entfernt wahrgenommen wird, teilt sie eine Reihe gemeinsamer Methoden und Ideen, die in der Regel mit Rauschen und Unsicherheiten zu tun haben. Durch die Gegenüberstellung der wichtigsten Methoden mit Anwendungen in der Physik und im Finanzwesen werden sowohl die Unterschiede als auch die Gemeinsamkeiten deutlich, was den Studierenden ein tieferes Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Ideen vermittelt. Darüber hinaus lernen sie eine Reihe nützlicher mathematischer und rechnerischer Werkzeuge kennen, wie stochastische Differentialgleichungen, Pfadintegrale, Monte-Carlo-Methoden und grundlegende Kryptologie. Jedes Kapitel endet mit einer Reihe sorgfältig ausgearbeiteter Übungen, mit denen die Leser ihr Verständnis überprüfen können.