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Representation Learning for Natural Language Processing
by Maosong Sun Zhiyuan Liu Yankai LinThis open access book provides an overview of the recent advances in representation learning theory, algorithms and applications for natural language processing (NLP). It is divided into three parts. Part I presents the representation learning techniques for multiple language entries, including words, phrases, sentences and documents. Part II then introduces the representation techniques for those objects that are closely related to NLP, including entity-based world knowledge, sememe-based linguistic knowledge, networks, and cross-modal entries. Lastly, Part III provides open resource tools for representation learning techniques, and discusses the remaining challenges and future research directions. The theories and algorithms of representation learning presented can also benefit other related domains such as machine learning, social network analysis, semantic Web, information retrieval, data mining and computational biology. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, researchers, lecturers, and industrial engineers, as well as anyone interested in representation learning and natural language processing.
Representation of Disability in Children’s Video Games (Routledge Research in Disability and Media Studies)
by Krystina MadejRepresentation of Disability in Children’s Video Games looks at how children’s engagement with characters and stories in video games helps create the perception of disability they have as teens and adults. Drawing on child development theory supported by neuroscience, the book shows how the scaffold of information, the schema, adults have of disability is first created at a very young age as they interact through game play with characters with disabilities. Positing that early video game play experiences should provide exposure to narrative schemas that add understanding and help create meaning about the disability represented, the book presents how such representation in children’s video games maps against cognitive development, and the psychomotor and cognitive needs and abilities of children ages 3 to 12. Close reading of over 40 PEGI 3 and PEGI 7 (ESRB E, 10+) games and analysis of games as diverse as Backyard Baseball and Sly Cooper helped define broad categories of representation: representation can be cosmetic, providing exposure but not gameplay utility; it can be incidental, used as a device that provides purpose for the narrative; or it can more authentically represent the disability as integral to the character and their life. The book provides readers with an overview of contemporary games that betters their understanding of how children’s games present disability and how children create their perceptions through interaction with characters and stories. This book will be of interest to academics and students of game studies, in particular topics such as behavioural science, ethics, and HCI, as well as sociology, communications, and digital media.
Representations, Analysis and Recognition of Shape and Motion from Imaging Data
by Boulbaba Ben Amor Faten Chaieb Faouzi GhorbelThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Representations, Analysis and Recognition of Shape and Motion from Imaging Data, RFMI 2016, held in Sidi Bou Said Village, Tunisia, in October 2016. The 9 revised full papers and 7 revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 23 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on 3D Shape Registration and Comparison; Face Analysis and Recognition; Video and Motion Analysis; 2D Shape Analysis.
Representations, Analysis and Recognition of Shape and Motion from Imaging Data: 7th International Workshop, RFMI 2017, Savoie, France, December 17–20, 2017, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #842)
by Liming Chen Boulbaba Ben Amor Faouzi GhorbelThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Representations, Analysis and Recognition of Shape and Motion from Imaging Data, RFMI 2017, held in Savoi, France, in December 2017.The 8 revised full papers and 9 revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 23 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on analyzing motion data; deep learning on image and shape data; 2D and 3D pattern classification; watermarking, segmentation and deformations.
Representations of Poverty in Videogames
by Adam CrowleyThis book argues that videogames address contemporary, middle-class anxieties about poverty in the United States. The early chapters consider gaming as a modern form of slumming and explore the ways in which titles like The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim and World of Warcraft thematize poverty. The argument turns to the field of literary studies to identify analytical frameworks for addressing and understanding these themes. Throughout, the book considers how the academic area of inquiry known as game studies has developed over time, and makes use of such scholarship to present, frame, and value its major claims and findings. In its conclusion, the book models how poverty themes might be identified and associated for the purpose of gaining greater insights into how games can shape, and also be shaped by, the player’s economic expectations.
Representing Conflicts in Games: Antagonism, Rivalry, and Competition (Routledge Advances in Game Studies)
by Björn Sjöblom Jonas Linderoth Anders FrankThis book offers an overview of how conflicts are represented and enacted in games, in a variety of genres and game systems. Games are a cultural form apt at representing real world conflicts, and this edited volume highlights the intrinsic connection between games and conflict through a set of theoretical and empirical studies. It interrogates the nature and use of conflicts as a fundamental aspect of game design, and how a wide variety of conflicts can be represented in digital and analogue games. The book asks what we can learn from conflicts in games, how our understanding of conflicts change when we turn them into playful objects, and what types of conflicts are still not represented in games. It queries the way games make us think about armed conflict, and how games can help us understand such conflicts in new ways. Offering a deeper understanding of how games can serve political, pedagogical, or persuasive purposes, this volume will interest scholars and students working in fields such as game studies, media studies, and war studies.
Reproducible Data Science with Pachyderm: Learn how to build version-controlled, end-to-end data pipelines using Pachyderm 2.0
by Svetlana KarsliogluCreate scalable and reliable data pipelines easily with PachydermKey FeaturesLearn how to build an enterprise-level reproducible data science platform with PachydermDeploy Pachyderm on cloud platforms such as AWS EKS, Google Kubernetes Engine, and Microsoft Azure Kubernetes ServiceIntegrate Pachyderm with other data science tools, such as Pachyderm NotebooksBook DescriptionPachyderm is an open source project that enables data scientists to run reproducible data pipelines and scale them to an enterprise level. This book will teach you how to implement Pachyderm to create collaborative data science workflows and reproduce your ML experiments at scale.You'll begin your journey by exploring the importance of data reproducibility and comparing different data science platforms. Next, you'll explore how Pachyderm fits into the picture and its significance, followed by learning how to install Pachyderm locally on your computer or a cloud platform of your choice. You'll then discover the architectural components and Pachyderm's main pipeline principles and concepts. The book demonstrates how to use Pachyderm components to create your first data pipeline and advances to cover common operations involving data, such as uploading data to and from Pachyderm to create more complex pipelines. Based on what you've learned, you'll develop an end-to-end ML workflow, before trying out the hyperparameter tuning technique and the different supported Pachyderm language clients. Finally, you'll learn how to use a SaaS version of Pachyderm with Pachyderm Notebooks.By the end of this book, you will learn all aspects of running your data pipelines in Pachyderm and manage them on a day-to-day basis.What you will learnUnderstand the importance of reproducible data science for enterpriseExplore the basics of Pachyderm, such as commits and branchesUpload data to and from PachydermImplement common pipeline operations in PachydermCreate a real-life example of hyperparameter tuning in PachydermCombine Pachyderm with Pachyderm language clients in Python and GoWho this book is forThis book is for new as well as experienced data scientists and machine learning engineers who want to build scalable infrastructures for their data science projects. Basic knowledge of Python programming and Kubernetes will be beneficial. Familiarity with Golang will be helpful.
Reproducible Research in Pattern Recognition: Fourth International Workshop, RRPR 2022, Montreal, Canada, August 21, 2022, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14068)
by Bertrand Kerautret Miguel Colom Adrien Krähenbühl Daniel Lopresti Pascal Monasse Benjamin PerretThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Reproducible Research in Pattern Recognition, RRPR 2022, held in Montreal, Canada, in August 2022. The 5 revised full papers presented together with 4 short papers, were carefully reviewed and selected from 9 submissions. The papers were organized into three main categories
Reproducible Research in Pattern Recognition: Third International Workshop, RRPR 2021, Virtual Event, January 11, 2021, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12636)
by Bertrand Kerautret Miguel Colom Adrien Krähenbühl Daniel Lopresti Pascal Monasse Hugues TalbotThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Reproducible Research in Pattern Recognition, RRPR 2021, held as a virtual event, in January 2021. The 8 revised full papers, presented together with 6 short papers, were carefully reviewed and selected from 18 submissions. The papers were organized into three main categories. The first contributions focused on reproducible research frameworks. The second category focused on reproducible research results and the last category included ICPR companion papers describing implementation and details that are an absolute requirement for reproducibility.
Reproducible Research in Pattern Recognition: Second International Workshop, RRPR 2018, Beijing, China, August 20, 2018, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11455)
by Bertrand Kerautret Miguel Colom Daniel Lopresti Pascal Monasse Hugues TalbotThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Reproducible Research in Pattern Recognition, RRPR 2018, in Beijing, China in August 2018.The 8 revised full papers, presented together 6 short papers, were carefully reviewed and selected from 14 submissions. This year the workshop did focus on Digital Geometry and Mathematical Morphology. The first track 1 on RR Framework was dedicated to the general topics of Reproducible Research in Computer Sciencewith a potential link to Image Processing and Pattern Recognition. In the second track 2 the authors described their works in terms of Reproducible Research.
Reproduction of Tactual Textures
by Michaël WiertlewskiTexture accounts for an important part of the realism of simulated experiences, and it is most certainly true during tactile interaction. We usually experience roughness by running our fingers onto the explored surface. The perception of this fine texture is mediated by the vibrations generated by the encounters of the skin and the asperities of the surfaces. Reproduction of Tactual Textures presents factors that contribute to the mechanics of the interaction between a bare finger and a surface with a view to their artificial reproduction. It discusses the recording and reproduction of tactual textures, and analyses a case study of the development of a device able to record the vibratory signal from a fingertip sliding over a textured surface. The same device is then used in a reverse way to render those previously measured signals to the user's fingertip. These developments open new questions about the biomechanical properties of the skin and their relation to perception. The second half of Reproduction of Tactual Textures focuses on the implication of the dynamic parameters of the skin onto rendering performance, and it concludes with a study on the important features that are present in the vibratory signal and their relation to texture perception. This state-of-the-art volume highlights the importance of the mechanics and biomechanics during the haptic exploration of surfaces and their possible contribution to perception. Collectively, the findings reported are pertinent to many applications, including robotic perception and the design of effective virtual reality systems.
Reprogramming Japan: The High Tech Crisis under Communitarian Capitalism
by Marie AnchordoguyHow have state policies influenced the development of Japan's telecommunications, computer hardware, computer software, and semiconductor industries and their stagnation since the 1990s? Marie Anchordoguy's book examines how the performance of these industries and the economy as a whole are affected by the socially embedded nature of Japan's capitalist system, which she calls "communitarian capitalism." Reprogramming Japan shows how the institutions and policies that emerged during and after World War II to maintain communitarian norms, such as the lifetime employment system, seniority-based wages, enterprise unions, a centralized credit-based financial system, industrial groups, the main bank corporate governance system, and industrial policies, helped promote high tech industries. When conditions shifted in the 1980s and 1990s, these institutions and policies did not suit the new environment, in which technological change was rapid and unpredictable and foreign products could no longer be legally reverse-engineered. Despite economic stagnation, leaders were slow to change because of deep social commitments. Once the crisis became acute, the bureaucracy and corporate leaders started to contest and modify key institutions and practices. Rather than change at different times according to their specific economic interests, Japanese firms and the state have made similar slow, incremental changes.
Reprogramming the American Dream: From Rural America to Silicon Valley—Making AI Serve Us All
by Kevin Scott Greg Shaw** #1 Wall Street Journal Bestseller **In this essential book written by a rural native and Silicon Valley veteran, Microsoft’s Chief technology officer tackles one of the most critical issues facing society today: the future of artificial intelligence and how it can be realistically used to promote growth, even in a shifting employment landscape.There are two prevailing stories about AI: for heartland low- and middle-skill workers, a dystopian tale of steadily increasing job destruction; for urban knowledge workers and the professional class, a utopian tale of enhanced productivity and convenience. But there is a third way to look at this technology that will revolutionize the workplace and ultimately the world. Kevin Scott argues that AI has the potential to create abundance and opportunity for everyone and help solve some of our most vexing problems.As the chief technology officer at Microsoft, he is deeply involved in the development of AI applications, yet mindful of their potential impact on workers—knowledge he gained firsthand growing up in rural Virginia. Yes, the AI Revolution will radically disrupt economics and employment for everyone for generations to come. But what if leaders prioritized the programming of both future technology and public policy to work together to find solutions ahead of the coming AI epoch? Like public health, the space program, climate change and public education, we need international understanding and collaboration on the future of AI and work. For Scott, the crucial question facing all of us is this: How do we work to ensure that the continued development of AI allows us to keep the American Dream alive?In this thoughtful, informed guide, he offers a clear roadmap to find the answer.
#Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media
by Cass R. SunsteinAs the Internet grows more sophisticated, it is creating new threats to democracy. Social media companies such as Facebook can sort us ever more efficiently into groups of the like-minded, creating echo chambers that amplify our views. It's no accident that on some occasions, people of different political views cannot even understand each other. It's also no surprise that terrorist groups have been able to exploit social media to deadly effect.Welcome to the age of #Republic.In this revealing book, Cass Sunstein, the New York Times bestselling author of Nudge and The World According to Star Wars, shows how today's Internet is driving political fragmentation, polarization, and even extremism—and what can be done about it.Thoroughly rethinking the critical relationship between democracy and the Internet, Sunstein describes how the online world creates "cybercascades," exploits "confirmation bias," and assists "polarization entrepreneurs." And he explains why online fragmentation endangers the shared conversations, experiences, and understandings that are the lifeblood of democracy.In response, Sunstein proposes practical and legal changes to make the Internet friendlier to democratic deliberation. These changes would get us out of our information cocoons by increasing the frequency of unchosen, unplanned encounters and exposing us to people, places, things, and ideas that we would never have picked for our Twitter feed.#Republic need not be an ironic term. As Sunstein shows, it can be a rallying cry for the kind of democracy that citizens of diverse societies most need.
#Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media
by Cass R. SunsteinFrom the New York Times bestselling author of Nudge and The World According to Star Wars, a revealing account of how today's Internet threatens democracy—and what can be done about itAs the Internet grows more sophisticated, it is creating new threats to democracy. Social media companies such as Facebook can sort us ever more efficiently into groups of the like-minded, creating echo chambers that amplify our views. It's no accident that on some occasions, people of different political views cannot even understand one another. It's also no surprise that terrorist groups have been able to exploit social media to deadly effect. Welcome to the age of #Republic.In this revealing book, New York Times bestselling author Cass Sunstein shows how today’s Internet is driving political fragmentation, polarization, and even extremism--and what can be done about it. He proposes practical and legal changes to make the Internet friendlier to democratic deliberation, showing that #Republic need not be an ironic term. Rather, it can be a rallying cry for the kind of democracy that citizens of diverse societies need most.
Republic.com 2.0
by Cass R. SunsteinWhat happens to democracy and free speech if people use the Internet to listen and speak only to the like-minded? What is the benefit of the Internet's unlimited choices if citizens narrowly filter the information they receive? Cass Sunstein first asked these questions in 2001'sRepublic. com. Now, inRepublic. com 2. 0, Sunstein thoroughly rethinks the critical relationship between democracy and the Internet in a world where partisan Weblogs have emerged as a significant political force. Republic. com 2. 0highlights new research on how people are using the Internet, especially the blogosphere. Sunstein warns against "information cocoons" and "echo chambers," wherein people avoid the news and opinions that they don't want to hear. He also demonstrates the need to regulate the innumerable choices made possible by technology. His proposed remedies and reforms emphasize what consumers and producers can do to help avoid the perils, and realize the promise, of the Internet.
Republic of Outsiders: The Power of Amateurs, Dreamers, and Rebels
by Alissa Quart&“Vivid portraits&” of individuals and subcultures by a writer who &“unmasks the assumptions we make about what counts as normal&” (The New York Times). They are outsiders who seek to redefine fields from mental health to diplomacy to music. They push boundaries and transform ideas. They include filmmakers crowdsourcing their work, transgender and autistic activists, and Occupy Wall Street&’s &“alternative bankers.&” These people create and package themselves in a practice cultural critic Alissa Quart dubs &“identity innovation.&” In this &“fascinating&” book, Quart introduces us to individuals who have created new structures to keep themselves sane, fulfilled, and, on occasion, paid. This deeply reported book shows how these groups now gather, organize, and create new communities and economies. Without a middleman, freed of established media, and highly mobile, unusual ideas and cultures are able to spread more quickly and find audiences and allies. Republic of Outsiders is a critical examination of those for whom being rebellious, marginal, or amateur is a source of strength (Barbara Ehrenreich). &“Even if you don&’t consider yourself an outsider or a rebel, Quart&’s book has several lessons for creative work, particularly when it comes to making art outside a heavily commercial system.&” —Fast Company &“One of the smartest cultural interpreters of her generation. In Republic of Outsiders, she mixes sharp-eyed analysis with an empathetic heart. The result is a great read, and a brand-new lens through which to view outsiders, insiders—and ourselves.&” —Susan Cain, author of Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can&’t Stop Talking
Reputation Management Online: America's "Right to Be Forgotten" (NCA Focus on Communication Studies)
by Ben MedeirosThis book examines the work of the public relations, technology, and legal professionals who provide online "reputation management" services, situating their work within contemporary debates about regulating speech on the internet. The author argues that legal solutions like the European "Right to Be Forgotten" are not really possible in the U.S., but that the private solutions of reputation management help to ameliorate novel concerns about reputation. At the same time, he contends that these practices prompt different free speech and dignitary concerns unique to the digital environment. Drawing upon rhetorical and legal analysis of diverse texts, including reputation management promotional materials, interviews with practitioners, legal cases, and popular online commentary about reputational disputes themselves, the book intervenes in specific debates about the regulation of the internet, as well as broader socio-legal debates about the role of reputation-damaging speech in a democratic society. This timely and relevant study will have great relevance for all students and scholars of communication studies, public relations, rhetoric, new and digital media, internet law, technology and society, computer mediated communication, and sociology.
The Reputation Society: How Online Opinions Are Reshaping the Offline World (The Information Society Series)
by Mark Tovey edited by Hassan MasumExperts discuss the benefits and risks of online reputation systems.In making decisions, we often seek advice. Online, we check Amazon recommendations, eBay vendors' histories, TripAdvisor ratings, and even our elected representatives' voting records. These online reputation systems serve as filters for information overload. In this book, experts discuss the benefits and risks of such online tools.The contributors offer expert perspectives that range from philanthropy and open access to science and law, addressing reputation systems in theory and practice. Properly designed reputation systems, they argue, have the potential to create a “reputation society,” reshaping society for the better by promoting accountability through the mediated judgments of billions of people. Effective design can also steer systems away from the pitfalls of online opinion sharing by motivating truth-telling, protecting personal privacy, and discouraging digital vigilantism.Contributors Madeline Ashby, Jamais Cascio, John Henry Clippinger, Chrysanthos Dellarocas, Cory Doctorow, Randy Farmer, Eric Goldman, Victor Henning, Anthony Hoffmann, Jason Hoyt, Luca Iandoli, Josh Introne, Mark Klein, Mari Kuraishi, Cliff Lampe, Paolo Massa, Hassan Masum, Marc Maxson, Craig Newmark, Michael Nielsen, Lucio Picci, Jan Reichelt, Alex Steffen, Lior Strahilevitz, Mark Tovey, John Whitfield, John Willinsky, Yi-Cheng Zhang, Michael Zimmer
The Reputation Society: How Online Opinions Are Reshaping the Offline World
by Mark Tovey Hassan MasumIn making decisions, we often seek advice. Online, we check Amazon recommendations, eBay vendors' histories, TripAdvisor ratings, and even our elected representatives' voting records. These online reputation systems serve as filters for information overload. In this book, experts discuss the benefits and risks of such online tools. The contributors offer expert perspectives that range from philanthropy and open access to science and law, addressing reputation and reputation systems in theory and practice. Properly designed reputation systems, they argue, have the potential to create a "reputation society," reshaping society for the better by promoting accountability through the mediated judgments of billions of people. Effective design can also steer systems away from the pitfalls of online opinion sharing by motivating truth-telling, protecting personal privacy, and discouraging digital vigilantism.
Reputation Transfer to Enter New B-to-B Markets
by Christine FalkenreckThis book focuses on the development and cross-cultural testing of a construct of reputation rooted in resource-based theories. No study has ever asked organizational customers to rate the importance of a supplier's positive reputation on their buying decision. The results of the survey contribute substantially to our understanding of reputation measuring and managing. This book is the first to highlight the cross-link between reputation, reputation transfer and culture, and argues that to develop one cross-culturally valid construct of reputation, which can be used in both B-to-B and B-to-C contexts is neither useful nor appropriate.
Requirements Engineering: 27th International Working Conference, REFSQ 2021, Essen, Germany, April 12–15, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12685)
by Fabiano Dalpiaz Paola SpoletiniThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering - Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ 2021, which was due to be held in Essen, Germany, in April 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually in April 2021. The special focus of this year`s REFSQ 2021 conference are contributions emphasizing the importance of human values, such as privacy and fairness, when designing software-intensive systems as well as the challenges that intelligent and autonomous systems pose due to the tight interplay with humans.
Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality
by Maya Daneva Oscar PastorThis bookconstitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Working Conference onRequirements Engineering - Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ 2016, held inGothenburg, Sweden, in March 2016. The 16 full papers and 5 short papers presented in this volume were carefullyreviewed and selected from 64 submissions. The papers were organized in topicalsections named: decision making in requirements engineering; open source inrequirements engineering; natural langua≥ compliance in requirementsengineering; requirements engineering in the automotive domain; empiricalstudies in requirements engineering; requirements engineering foundations;human factors in requirements engineering; and research methodology inrequirements engineering.
Requirements Engineering: 29th International Working Conference, REFSQ 2023, Barcelona, Spain, April 17–20, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13975)
by Alessio Ferrari Birgit PenzenstadlerThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 29th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ 2023, which took place in Barcelona, Spain, during April 17-20, 2023.The 12 full technical design and scientific evaluation papers, 8 short research previews and vision papers, and 5 experience reports presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 78 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Requirements communication and conceptualization; NLP and machine learning for AI; RE for artificial intelligence; crowd RE; and RE in practice.
Requirements Engineering: 28th International Working Conference, REFSQ 2022, Birmingham, UK, March 21–24, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13216)
by Vincenzo Gervasi Andreas VogelsangThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 28th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ 2022, which was held in Aston, Birmingham, UK, during March 21-24, 2022. The 12 full and 7 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Artificial intelligence and explainability; machine learning; natural language processing; user stories; business, markets, and industrial practice; and cognition and expression. The special theme for REFSQ 2022 was "Explainability in Requirements Engineering".