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Specialty Crops for Climate Change Adaptation: Strategies for Enhanced Food Security by Using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (STEAM-H: Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Mathematics & Health)
by Chandrasekar VuppalapatiSpecialty crops are defined as fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, horticulture, and nursery crops including floriculture. The value of specialty crop production in the United States accounted for 18.44 % of the $433.569 billion in agriculture cash receipts collected in 2021. In 2020, that ratio was 21.47% of the $363.464 billion. Specialty crops are gaining increasing attention across nation as demonstrated in the 2018 farm bill (Agricultural Act of the 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334)) with the increased number of provisions addressing specialty crop issues, reflecting their growing role in the global economy. The cultivation of Specialty crops, nevertheless, has its own challenges. Specialty crops are generally more sensitive to climatic stressors and require more comprehensive management compared to traditional row crops. Specialty crops face significant financial risks threatening US$1.6 Trillion global market due to their higher water demand. The mission of the book is to prepare current and future software engineering teams, agriculture students, economists, macroeconomists with the skills and tools to fully utilize advanced data science, artificial intelligence, climate patterns, and economic models to develop software capabilities that help to achieve Specialty crops and economic sustainability, through improved productivity for years to come and ensure enough food for the future of the planet and generations to come!
Specification by Example: How Successful Teams Deliver the Right Software
by Gojko AdzicSummary Specification by Example is an emerging practice for creating software based on realistic examples, bridging the communication gap between business stakeholders and the dev teams building the software. In this book, author Gojko Adzic distills interviews with successful teams worldwide, sharing how they specify, develop, and deliver software, without defects, in short iterative delivery cycles. About the Technology Specification by Example is a collaborative method for specifying requirements and tests. Seven patterns, fully explored in this book, are key to making the method effective. The method has four main benefits: it produces living, reliable documentation; it defines expectations clearly and makes validation efficient; it reduces rework; and, above all, it assures delivery teams and business stakeholders that the software that's built is right for its purpose. About the Book This book distills from the experience of leading teams worldwide effective ways to specify, test, and deliver software in short, iterative delivery cycles. Case studies in this book range from small web startups to large financial institutions, working in many processes including XP, Scrum, and Kanban. This book is written for developers, testers, analysts, and business people working together to build great software. Purchase of the print book comes with an offer of a free PDF, ePub, and Kindle eBook from Manning. Also available is all code from the book. What's Inside Common process patterns How to avoid bad practices Fitting SBE in your process 50+ case studies =============================================== Table of Contents Part 1 Getting started Part 2 Key process patterns Part 3 Case studies Key benefits Key process patterns Living documentation Initiating the changes Deriving scope from goals Specifying collaboratively Illustrating using examples Refining the specification Automating validation without changing specifications Validating frequently Evolving a documentation system uSwitch RainStor Iowa Student Loan Sabre Airline Solutions ePlan Services Songkick Concluding thoughts
Specification of Software Systems
by V. S. Alagar K. PeriyasamyThis extensively revised and updated new edition of Specification of Software Systems builds upon the original focus on software specification with added emphasis on the practice of formal methods for specification and verification activities for different types of software systems and at different stages of developing software systems. Topics and features: provides a wide coverage of formal specification techniques and a clear writing style, supported by end-of-chapter bibliographic notes for further reading; presents a logical structure, with sections devoted to specification fundamentals, basics of formalism, logic, set theory and relations, property-oriented specification methods, and model-based specification techniques; contains end-of-chapter exercises and numerous case studies, with potential course outlines suggested in the Preface; covers Object-Z, B-Method, and Calculus of Communicating Systems; offers material that can be taught with tool-supported laboratory projects.
Speckle Imaging Using Aperture Modulation (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Abdallah HamedThis book covers speckle image formation using a variety of modulated apertures. The central theme revolves around theoretical analyses, specifically the calculation of impulse responses or Point Spread Functions (PSFs) corresponding to these apertures. These calculations provide crucial insights into the resolution inherent in the resulting speckle images. The book begins with an examination of the recognition of the direction of new apertures from elongated speckle images, setting the stage for subsequent discussions. The theoretical analyses extend to diverse aperture designs, including Gaussian, graded-index, and modulated apertures. The book delves into the nuanced dynamics of contrast in speckle images, exploring the Voigt distribution and the effects of modulation on contrast. In addition to aperture-centric discussions, the book addresses the processing of the formed speckle images. The chapters impart a comprehensive understanding of speckle imaging, encompassing discrimination in microscopy using digital speckle images, the utilization of concentric hexagonal pupils, and the exploration of irregular apertures. The book culminates in a detailed exploration of speckle imaging in the context of an annular Hermite Gaussian laser beam. Overall, this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and academics seeking a profound exploration of speckle image formation, modulation, and processing across a spectrum of apertures and theoretical frameworks.
Spectacle and Diversity: Transnational Media and Global Culture (ISSN)
by Lee ArtzThis book shows how transnational media operate in the contemporary world and what their impact is on film, television, and the larger global culture. Where a company is based geographically no longer determines its outreach or output. As media consolidate and partner across national and cultural boundaries, global culture evolves. The new transnational media industry is universal in its operation, function, and social impact. It reflects a shared transnational culture of consumerism, authoritarianism, cultural diversity, and spectacle. From Wolf Warriors and Sanju to Valerian: City of 1000 Planets and Pokémon, new media combinations challenge old assumptions about cultural imperialism and reflect cross-boundary collaboration as well as boundary-breaking cultural interpretation. Intended for students of global studies and international communication at all levels, the book will appeal to a wide range of readers interested in the way transnational media work and how that shapes our culture.
Spectacle and Diversity: Transnational Media and Global Culture (Media and Power)
by Lee Burton ArtzThis book shows how transnational media operate in the contemporary world and what their impact is on film, television, and the larger global culture. Where a company is based geographically no longer determines its outreach or output. As media consolidate and partner across national and cultural boundaries, global culture evolves. The new transnational media industry is universal in its operation, function, and social impact. It reflects a shared transnational culture of consumerism, authoritarianism, cultural diversity, and spectacle. From Wolf Warriors and Sanju to Valerian: City of 1000 Planets and Pokémon, new media combinations challenge old assumptions about cultural imperialism and reflect cross-boundary collaboration as well as boundary-breaking cultural interpretation. Intended for students of global studies and international communication at all levels, the book will appeal to a wide range of readers interested in the way transnational media work and how that shapes our culture.
Spectral Feature Selection for Data Mining (Chapman And Hall/crc Data Mining And Knowledge Discovery Ser.)
by Zheng Alan Zhao Huan LiuSpectral Feature Selection for Data Mining introduces a novel feature selection technique that establishes a general platform for studying existing feature selection algorithms and developing new algorithms for emerging problems in real-world applications. This technique represents a unified framework for supervised, unsupervised, and semisupervise
Spectral Mixture for Remote Sensing: Linear Model and Applications (Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry)
by Yosio Edemir Shimabukuro Flávio Jorge PonzoniThis book explains in a didactic way the basic concepts of spectral mixing, digital numbers and orbital sensors, and then presents the linear modelling technique of spectral mixing and the generation of fractional images. In addition to presenting a theoretical basis for spectral mixing, the book provides examples of practical applications such as projects for estimating and monitoring deforested areas in the Amazon. In its seven chapters, the book offers remote sensing techniques to understand the main concepts, methods, and limitations of spectral mixing for digital image processing. Chapter 1 addresses the basic concepts of spectral mixing, while chapters 2 and 3 discuss digital numbers and orbital sensors such as MODIS and Landsat MSS. Chapter 4 details the linear spectral mixing model, and chapter 5 talks about how to use this technique to create fraction images. Chapter 6 offers remote sensing applications of fraction images in deforestation monitoring, burned-area mapping, selective logging detection, and land-use/land-cover mapping. Chapter 7 gives some concluding thoughts on spectral mixing, and considers future uses in environmental remote sensing. This book will be of interest to students, teachers, and researchers using remote sensing for Earth observation and environmental modelling.
Spectrum-Aware Mobile Computing: Convergence of Cloud Computing and Cognitive Networking (Signals and Communication Technology)
by Seyed Eman Mahmoodi Koduvayur Subbalakshmi R. N. UmaThis book presents solutions to the problems arising in two trends in mobile computing and their intersection: increased mobile traffic driven mainly by sophisticated smart phone applications; and the issue of user demand for lighter phones, which cause more battery power constrained handhelds to offload computations to resource intensive clouds (the second trend exacerbating the bandwidth crunch often experienced over wireless networks). The authors posit a new solution called spectrum aware cognitive mobile computing, which uses dynamic spectrum access and management concepts from wireless networking to offer overall optimized computation offloading and scheduling solutions that achieve optimal trade-offs between the mobile device and wireless resources. They show how in order to allow these competing goals to meet in the middle, and to meet the promise of 5G mobile computing, it is essential to consider mobile offloading holistically, from end to end and use the power of multi-radio access technologies that have been recently developed. Technologies covered in this book have applications to mobile computing, edge computing, fog computing, vehicular communications, mobile healthcare, mobile application developments such as augmented reality, and virtual reality.
Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesRadio observations of the cosmos are gathered by geoscientists using complex earth-orbiting satellites and ground-based equipment, and by radio astronomers using large ground-based radio telescopes. Signals from natural radio emissions are extremely weak, and the equipment used to measure them is becoming ever-more sophisticated and sensitive. The radio spectrum is also being used by radiating, or "active," services, ranging from aircraft radars to rapidly expanding consumer services such as cellular telephones and wireless internet. These valuable active services transmit radio waves and thereby potentially interfere with the receive-only, or "passive," scientific services. Transmitters for the active services create an artificial "electronic fog" which can cause confusion, and, in severe cases, totally blinds the passive receivers. Both the active and the passive services are increasing their use of the spectrum, and so the potential for interference, already strong, is also increasing. This book addresses the tension between the active services' demand for greater spectrum use and the passive users' need for quiet spectrum. The included recommendations provide a pathway for putting in place the regulatory mechanisms and associated supporting research activities necessary to meet the demands of both users.
Spectrum Sharing in Wireless Networks: Fairness, Efficiency, and Security
by John D. Matyjas, Sunil Kumar and Fei HuSpectrum Sharing in Wireless Networks: Fairness, Efficiency, and Security provides a broad overview of wireless network spectrum sharing in seven distinct sections: The first section examines the big picture and basic principles, explaining the concepts of spectrum sharing, hardware/software function requirements for efficient sharing, and future trends of sharing strategies. The second section contains more than 10 chapters that discuss differing approaches to efficient spectrum sharing. The authors introduce a new coexistence and sharing scheme for multi-hop networks, describe the space-time sharing concept, introduce LTE-U, and examine sharing in broadcast and unicast environments. They then talk about different cooperation strategies to achieve mutual benefits for primary users (PU) and secondary users (SU), discuss protocols in a spectrum sharing context, and provide different game theory models between PUs and SUs. The third section explains how to model the interactions of PUs and SUs, using an efficient calculation method to determine spectrum availability. Additionally, this section explains how to use scheduling models to achieve efficient SU traffic delivery. The subject of the fourth section is MIMO-oriented design. It focuses on how directional antennas and MIMO antennas greatly enhance wireless network performance. The authors include a few chapters on capacity/rate calculations as well as beamforming issues under MIMO antennas. Power control is covered in the fifth section which also describes the interference-aware power allocation schemes among cognitive radio users and the power control schemes in cognitive radios. The sixth section provides a comprehensive look at security issues, including different types of spectrum sharing attacks and threats as well as corresponding countermeasure schemes. The seventh and final section covers issues pertaining to military applications and examines how the military task protects its data flows when sharing the spectrum with civilian applications.
Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming
by Anthony Dunne Fiona RabyHow to use design as a tool to create not only things but ideas, to speculate about possible futures.Today designers often focus on making technology easy to use, sexy, and consumable. In Speculative Everything, Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby propose a kind of design that is used as a tool to create not only things but ideas. For them, design is a means of speculating about how things could be—to imagine possible futures. This is not the usual sort of predicting or forecasting, spotting trends and extrapolating; these kinds of predictions have been proven wrong, again and again. Instead, Dunne and Raby pose “what if” questions that are intended to open debate and discussion about the kind of future people want (and do not want).Speculative Everything offers a tour through an emerging cultural landscape of design ideas, ideals, and approaches. Dunne and Raby cite examples from their own design and teaching and from other projects from fine art, design, architecture, cinema, and photography. They also draw on futurology, political theory, the philosophy of technology, and literary fiction. They show us, for example, ideas for a solar kitchen restaurant; a flypaper robotic clock; a menstruation machine; a cloud-seeding truck; a phantom-limb sensation recorder; and devices for food foraging that use the tools of synthetic biology. Dunne and Raby contend that if we speculate more—about everything—reality will become more malleable. The ideas freed by speculative design increase the odds of achieving desirable futures.
Speculative Execution in High Performance Computer Architectures (Chapman & Hall/CRC Computer and Information Science Series)
by David Kaeli Pen-Chung YewUntil now, there were few textbooks that focused on the dynamic subject of speculative execution, a topic that is crucial to the development of high performance computer architectures. Speculative Execution in High Performance Computer Architectures describes many recent advances in speculative execution techniques. It covers cutting-edge research
Specyfikacja oprogramowania. In?ynieria wymaga?. Wydanie III
by Karl E Wiegers Joy BeattyZebranie i opracowanie wymaga? dotycz?cych tworzonego oprogramowania to jeden z fundamentów udanego projektu. Znajomo?? zakresu prac jest kluczow? informacj? dla wszystkich osób prowadz?cych projekt oraz bezcennym ?ród?em wiedzy dla deweloperów tworz?cych kod. Brzmi prosto, ale wcale tak nie jest! Identyfikacja interesariuszy, dokumentacja wymaga?, okre?lanie ich warto?ci biznesowej — to tylko niektóre z wyzwa? stoj?cych przed analitykami i ich zespo?ami!Si?gnij po t? ksi??k?, by unikn?? typowych problemów i pu?apek. W kolejnych rozdzia?ach znajdziesz kluczowe informacje na temat wymaga? dotycz?cych oprogramowania, roli analityka biznesowego oraz dobrych praktyk w in?ynierii wymaga?. Cz??? II tej ksi??ki zosta?a po?wi?cona opracowywaniu wymaga?. Dowiedz si?, jak okre?la? wymagania biznesowe, rozmawia? z u?ytkownikami oraz dokumentowa? i walidowa? wymagania. W prawdziwym ?wiecie spotkasz si? z ró?nymi typami projektów. W zale?no?ci od ich charakteru trzeba b?dzie na bie??co dostosowywa? poznane techniki. Projekty zwinne, projekty systemów wbudowanych, automatyzacja procesów biznesowych to tylko cz??? z omawianych obszarów. Ksi??ka ta jest klasycznym podr?cznikiem, obowi?zkow? lektur? ka?dego analityka oraz osób odpowiedzialnych za wymagania.Dzi?ki tej ksi??ce:- nauczysz si? identyfikowa? interesariuszy oraz rozmawia? z klientami- poznasz dobre praktyki w in?ynierii wymaga?- zrozumiesz zadania analityka biznesowego- ograniczysz ryzyko dzi?ki prototypowaniu- poznasz projekty ró?nego typu- zrozumiesz proces zarz?dzania wymaganiamiLektura obowi?zkowa ka?dego analityka i osób odpowiedzialnych za wymagania!
Speech Acoustic Analysis
by Philippe MartinThe text sets out in simple and accessible terms the various methods of acoustic analysis of speech, placing them in their historical context, allowing a better understanding of the mathematical and technical solutions adopted today in phonetics and experimental phonology. Without mathematical complications, the operating bases of the many speech analysis software currently available are exposed so that everyone can understand the limits and avoid errors and misinterpretations in their implementation.
Speech and Audio Processing: A MATLAB®-based Approach
by Ian Vince McloughlinWith this comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field, you will gain all the skills and knowledge needed to work with current and future audio, speech, and hearing processing technologies. Topics covered include mobile telephony, human-computer interfacing through speech, medical applications of speech and hearing technology, electronic music, audio compression and reproduction, big data audio systems and the analysis of sounds in the environment. All of this is supported by numerous practical illustrations, exercises, and hands-on MATLAB examples on topics as diverse as psychoacoustics (including some auditory illusions), voice changers, speech compression, signal analysis and visualisation, stereo processing, low-frequency ultrasonic scanning, and machine learning techniques for big data. With its pragmatic and application driven focus, and concise explanations, this is an essential resource for anyone who wants to rapidly gain a practical understanding of speech and audio processing and technology.
Speech and Audio Processing for Coding, Enhancement and Recognition
by Tokunbo Ogunfunmi Roberto Togneri Madihally Sim NarasimhaThis book describes the basic principles underlying the generation, coding, transmission and enhancement of speech and audio signals, including advanced statistical and machine learning techniques for speech and speaker recognition with an overview of the key innovations in these areas. Key research undertaken in speech coding, speech enhancement, speech recognition, emotion recognition and speaker diarization are also presented, along with recent advances and new paradigms in these areas.
Speech and Computer: 26th International Conference, SPECOM 2024, Belgrade, Serbia, November 25–28, 2024, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #15300)
by Alexey Karpov Vlado DelićThe two-volume set LNAI 15299 and 15300 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2024, held in Belgrade, Serbia, during November 25–28, 2024. The 53 full papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 90 submissions. The book also contains two invited talks in full paper length. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Volume I: Invited papers; automatic speech recognition; speech and language resources; speech synthesis and perception; and speech processing for medicine. Volume II: Computational paralinguistics; affective computing; speaker recognition; digital speech processing; natural language processing.
Speech and Computer: 26th International Conference, SPECOM 2024, Belgrade, Serbia, November 25–28, 2024, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #15299)
by Alexey Karpov Vlado DelićThe two-volume set LNAI 15299 and 15300 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2024, held in Belgrade, Serbia, during November 25–28, 2024. The 53 full papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 90 submissions. The book also contains two invited talks in full paper length. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Volume I: Invited papers; automatic speech recognition; speech and language resources; speech synthesis and perception; and speech processing for medicine. Volume II: Computational paralinguistics; affective computing; speaker recognition; digital speech processing; natural language processing.
Speech and Computer: 20th International Conference, SPECOM 2018, Leipzig, Germany, September 18–22, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11096)
by Alexey Karpov Oliver Jokisch Rodmonga PotapovaThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2018, held in Leipzig, Germany, in September 2018.The 79 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 132 submissions. The papers present current research in the area of computer speech processing, including recognition, synthesis, understanding and related domains like signal processing, language and text processing, computational paralinguistics, multi-modal speech processing or human-computer interaction.
Speech and Computer: 22nd International Conference, SPECOM 2020, St. Petersburg, Russia, October 7–9, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12335)
by Alexey Karpov Rodmonga PotapovaThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2020, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in October 2020. The 65 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 160 submissions. The papers present current research in the area of computer speech processing including speech science, speech technology, natural language processing, human-computer interaction, language identification, multimedia processing, human-machine interaction, deep learning for audio processing, computational paralinguistics, affective computing, speech and language resources, speech translation systems, text mining and sentiment analysis, voice assistants, etc.Due to the Corona pandemic SPECOM 2020 was held as a virtual event.
Speech and Computer: 23rd International Conference, SPECOM 2021, St. Petersburg, Russia, September 27–30, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12997)
by Alexey Karpov Rodmonga PotapovaThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2021, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in September 2021.* The 74 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 163 submissions. The papers present current research in the area of computer speech processing including audio signal processing, automatic speech recognition, speaker recognition, computational paralinguistics, speech synthesis, sign language and multimodal processing, and speech and language resources.*Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, SPECOM 2021 was held as a hybrid event.
Speech and Computer
by Alexey Karpov Rodmonga Potapova Iosif MporasThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2014, held in Novi Sad, Serbia. The 56 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 100 initial submissions. It is a conference with long tradition that attracts researchers in the area of computer speech processing (recognition, synthesis, understanding etc. ) and related domains (including signal processing, language and text processing, multi-modal speech processing or human-computer interaction for instance).
Speech and Computer: 25th International Conference, SPECOM 2023, Dharwad, India, November 29 – December 2, 2023, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14338)
by Alexey Karpov K. Samudravijaya K. T. Deepak Rajesh M. Hegde Shyam S. Agrawal S. R. Mahadeva PrasannaThe two-volume proceedings set LNAI 14338 and 14339 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2023, held in Dharwad, India, during November 29–December 2, 2023.The 94 papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 174 submissions. They focus on all aspects of speech science and technology: automatic speech recognition; computational paralinguistics; digital signal processing; speech prosody; natural language processing; child speech processing; speech processing for medicine; industrial speech and language technology; speech technology for under-resourced languages; speech analysis and synthesis; speaker and language identification, verification and diarization.
Speech and Computer: 25th International Conference, SPECOM 2023, Dharwad, India, November 29 – December 2, 2023, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14339)
by Alexey Karpov K. Samudravijaya K. T. Deepak Rajesh M. Hegde Shyam S. Agrawal S. R. Mahadeva PrasannaThe two-volume proceedings set LNAI 14338 and 14339 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2023, held in Dharwad, India, during November 29–December 2, 2023.The 94 papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 174 submissions. They focus on all aspects of speech science and technology: automatic speech recognition; computational paralinguistics; digital signal processing; speech prosody; natural language processing; child speech processing; speech processing for medicine; industrial speech and language technology; speech technology for under-resourced languages; speech analysis and synthesis; speaker and language identification, verification and diarization.