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Ground States of Quantum Field Models: Perturbation of Embedded Eigenvalues (SpringerBriefs in Mathematical Physics #35)
by Fumio HiroshimaThis book provides self-contained proofs of the existence of ground states of several interaction models in quantum field theory. Interaction models discussed here include the spin-boson model, the Nelson model with and without an ultraviolet cutoff, and the Pauli–Fierz model with and without dipole approximation in non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics. These models describe interactions between bose fields and quantum mechanical matters.A ground state is defined as the eigenvector associated with the bottom of the spectrum of a self-adjoint operator describing the Hamiltonian of a model. The bottom of the spectrum is however embedded in the continuum and then it is non-trivial to show the existence of ground states in non-perturbative ways. We show the existence of the ground state of the Pauli–Fierz mode, the Nelson model, and the spin-boson model, and several kinds of proofs of the existence of ground states are explicitly provided. Key ingredients are compact sets and compact operators in Hilbert spaces. For the Nelson model with an ultraviolet cutoff and the Pauli–Fierz model with dipole approximation we show not only the existence of ground states but also enhanced binding. The enhanced binding means that a system for zero-coupling has no ground state but it has a ground state after turning on an interaction.The book will be of interest to graduate students of mathematics as well as to students of the natural sciences who want to learn quantum field theory from a mathematical point of view. It begins with abstract compactness arguments in Hilbert spaces and definitions of fundamental facts of quantum field theory: boson Fock spaces, creation operators, annihilation operators, and second quantization. This book quickly takes the reader to a level where a wider-than-usual range of quantum field theory can be appreciated, and self-contained proofs of the existence of ground states and enhanced binding are presented.
Ground Support Technology for Highly Stressed Excavations: Integrated Theoretical, Laboratory, and Field Research
by Ernesto Villaescusa Alan G Thompson Christopher R Windsor John R PlayerThe performance of ground support as a scheme is essential to constrain failures occurring at the rock surfaces of deep or highly stressed excavations. This book covers laboratory and theoretical developments coupled with field experiments and observations with the implementation of the methodology at mines. It explains the energy dissipation capabilities of reinforcement and support systems leading to the design of complete ground support schemes that can maintain integrity following the dynamic ejection of a mass of rock from an excavation boundary. The key features of the book are as follows It explores the mechanics, demand and capacity of ground support technology. It covers the whole gamut of theories, laboratory and field test results and case studies related to ground support technology. It includes a comprehensive database of mesh, rock bolts, cable bolts and shotcrete capacity. It examines ground support scheme testing and explanation. It discusses comprehensive case studies, including de-stress blasting. This book is aimed at professionals in mining engineering, including civil engineering, geological engineering and geotechnical engineering, and related advanced postgraduate studies.
Ground Support in Mining and Underground Construction: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Ground Support, Perth, Australia, 28-30 September 2004
by Ernesto Villaescusa Yves PotvinThe purpose of ground support is to safely maintain excavations for their expected lifespan. The effectiveness of ground support can be seen both in terms of personnel and equipment safety, and in terms of allowing the most economic extraction. Scientists, practitioners and technology developers have contributed to this volume, which covers rock ma
Ground Truth: A Geological Survey of a Life
by Ruby McConnell Jenny Kimura Amy RuppelFINALIST for the 2021 Oregon Book Award. Rooted in the Pacific Northwest, the essays in Ruby McConnell's Ground Truth: A Geological Survey of a Life cover the vast terrain of this region – from volcanoes to city parks, the eroding shorelines along the Oregon coast, badlands, lush forests, and city parks. Combining her background as a registered geologist, McConnell's essays also weave in personal landscapes composed of grief, loss, and optimism for the future of our environment. "The Pacific Northwest that you see today is the result of forty years of radical changes in the culture and economics of what was once a resource-extraction and agriculture-driven region. They are changes so fundamental in nature and scope...that, for those of us from this place, will always be marked by the cataclysmic eruptions of Mt. St. Helens on May 18, 1980." --Ruby McConnell In this collection of 17 essays, geologist Ruby McConnell opens her part natural history, part memoir-in-essays about the Pacific Northwest with the cataclysmic eruption of Mt. St. Helens in May of 1980. She was two years old. "Everything that I have stood direct witness to since, everything I know about this place, happe
Ground Truth: A Guide to Tracking Climate Change at Home
by Mark L. Hineline“Expertly crafted and enjoyable . . . transforms the complicated topics of phenology and climate change. . . . accessible, tangible, and actionable.” —Mark D. Schwartz, editor of Phenology: An Integrative Environmental ScienceBefore you read this book, grab a notebook, go outside, and find a nearby patch of nature. What do you see, hear, feel, and smell? Are there bugs, birds, squirrels, deer, lizards, frogs, or fish, and what are they doing? What plants are in the vicinity, and in what ways are they growing? What shape are the rocks, what texture is the dirt, and what color are the bodies of water? Everything you notice, write it all down.We know that the Earth’s climate is changing, and that the magnitude of this change is colossal. At the same time, the world outside is still a natural world, and one we can experience on a granular level every day.Featuring detailed guidance for keeping records of the plants, invertebrates, amphibians, birds, and mammals in your neighborhood, this book also ponders the value of everyday observations, probes the connections between seasons and climate change, and traces the history of phenology—the study and timing of natural events—and the uses to which it can be put.An expansive yet accessible book, Ground Truth is a guide to paying attention instead of turning away, and to gathering facts from which a fuller understanding of the natural world can emerge.“A unique DIY manual for becoming attuned to the rhythms of the natural world.” —James T. Costa, author of Darwin’s Backyard: How Small Experiments Led to a Big Theory“A necessary book.” —Susan J. Tweit, author of Walking Nature Home: A Life’s Journey
Ground Truths: Community-Engaged Research for Environmental Justice
by Chad Raphael and Martha MatsuokaA free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press’s Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. This is the first book devoted entirely to summarizing the body of community-engaged research on environmental justice, how we can conduct more of it, and how we can do it better. It shows how community-engaged research makes unique contributions to environmental justice for Black, Indigenous, people of color, and low-income communities by centering local knowledge, building truth from the ground up, producing actionable data that can influence decisions, and transforming researchers’ relationships to communities for equity and mutual benefit. The book offers a critical synthesis of relevant research in many fields, outlines the main steps in conducting community-engaged research, evaluates the major research methods used, suggests new directions, and addresses overcoming institutional barriers to scholarship in academia. The coauthors employ an original framework that shows how community-engaged research and environmental justice align, which links research on the many topics treated in the chapters—from public health, urban planning, and conservation to law and policy, community economic development, and food justice and sovereignty.
Ground Vibration Engineering
by Milutin SrbulovGround vibration consideration is gaining significance with people's decreasing tolerance of vibration, introduction of new environmental legislations, increasing use of equipment sensitive to vibration, ageing of existing buildings and expanding construction sites to/near collapsible/liquefiable/thixotropic soil. This volume bridges the gap that exists between rather limited provisions of engineering codes/standards and complex numerical analyses/small-scale tests. The book contains descriptions of ground vibration measurements, predictions and control for engineers. Effects of most frequent sources of ground vibration arising from construction/demolition, traffic and machinery, ground wave amplification and attenuation as well as foundation kinematic and inertial interaction have been considered by simplified analyses aimed at ease and speed of use for major problems in ground vibration engineering. Comments on assumptions, limitations, and factors affecting the results are given. Case studies and examples worldwide are included to illustrate the accuracy and usefulness of simplified methods. A list of references is provided for further consideration, if desired. Audience: This work is of interest to geotechnical engineers, engineering geologists, earthquake engineers and students. Extra material: Microsoft Excel spreadsheets with the input data and results for the case studies and examples considered in this book are available at http://extras.springer.com
Ground Water & Soil Cleanup: Improving Management of Persistent Contaminants
by National Research CouncilThis book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents.Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its program to clean up contamination in the nuclear weapons production complex. In addition to a review of remediation technologies, the book describes new trends in regulation of contaminated sites and assesses DOE's program for developing new subsurface cleanup technologies.
Ground Water Contamination in India: Adverse Effects on Habitats
by Achiransu Acharyya S. P. Sinha RayThis book examines contamination in groundwater. Groundwater is a lifeline for most countries of the world. 90% of the Indian population rely on groundwater-based drinking water as safe mode of water supply. The terminology contamination in groundwater along with adverse effect on habitats, suggests the impact of such contamination in not only for drinking water, but also for agricultural irrigation. In addition, polluted groundwater causes adverse health hazards including social aspects that affect wider communities. Impacts on plant life also are equally threatening. This book provides readers with an insight into groundwater contamination in India. The economic loss associated with this devastating phenomenon is also studied in detail, which has a direct bearing to the country's GDP.
Ground Water Development - Issues and Sustainable Solutions
by S. P. RayGround water resources are receiving global attention, as human population growth and development cause significant changes to the earth system. It plays a major role in ensuring livelihood security in many parts of South Asia and its contribution to poverty alleviation is substantial. The complex nature of ground water problems in the Indian Sub-continent requires a precise delineation of the ground water regimes in different hydro geological settings and socio-economic conditions and is a primary necessity for sustainable and equitable management. Strategies to respond to ground water over-exploitation and deteriorating water quality must be based on a new approach. Practical policies and various solution options urgently need to be formulated and implemented to prevent the development problems. There is pressing need to evolve workable methods and approaches based on modern scientific researches on ground water resources, as well as to build a social framework including community participation at all levels for a ground water development system. The community participation in water pumping policies, incentives of efficient use, affordability of low income users and other vulnerable groups, water awareness are prime factors for success of any ground water based water supply project.
Ground-Based Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing: Methods and Applications
by Pranab Kumar KarmakarThe ability to effectively monitor the atmosphere on a continuous basis requires remote sensing in microwave. Written for physicists and engineers working in the area of microwave sensing of the atmosphere, Ground-Based Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing: Methods and Applications is completely devoted to ground-based remote sensing. This text
Ground-Based Radar in Structural Design, Optimization, and Health Monitoring of Stationary and Rotating Structures
by Francis Xavier OchiengThis book provides a practical application for using ground-based radar (GBR) as a remote (non-contact) sensor for structural health monitoring (SHM) in the development of sustainable and robust stationary and rotating structures, such as beam-like bridges, towers, wind turbines, and hydropower turbines. It integrates cutting-edge research into an easy-to-understand approach for non-radar and monitoring specialists, building on the methods and theory of working with radar systems, SHM frameworks, GBR signal processing, and validation techniques. All aspects of in-field monitoring and use during the design and testing of structures are covered, including data acquisition and processing, damage detection techniques, and damage prognostic techniques. The book is a hands-on reference that provides critical information on GBR for practitioners, university instructors, and students involved in structural design, optimization, and health monitoring of stationary and rotating structures.
Ground-penetrating Radar for Geoarchaeology
by Lawrence B. ConyersThere has long been a strong collaboration between geologists and archaeologists, and the sub-field of geoarchaeology is well developed as a discipline in its own right. This book now bridges the gap between those fields and the geophysical technique of ground-penetrating radar (GPR), which allows for three-dimensional analysis of the ground to visualize both geological and archaeological materials. This method has the ability to produce images of the ground that display complex packages of materials, and allows researchers to integrate sedimentary units, soils and associated archaeological features in ways not possible using standard excavation techniques. The ability of GPR to visualize all these buried units can help archaeologists place ancient people within the landscapes and environments of their time, and understand their burial and preservation phenomena in three-dimensions. Readership Advanced students in archaeology and geoarchaeology, as well as practicing archaeologists with an interest in GPS techniques.
Groundhog Weather School: Fun Facts About Weather and Groundhogs
by Joan HolubWelcome to Groundhog Weather School!Ever wonder where Groundhog Day first began? Want to know the reason why we have different weather seasons? Curious about how some plants and animals can help predict the weather? Learn the answers to these questions and many more at Groundhog Weather School! This clever story—starring a cast of lovable groundhog characters—is a fresh, informative, and fun look at Groundhog Day through the eyes of the animals who are the stars of it each year.
Grounding Global Climate Change
by Heike Greschke Julia TischlerThis book traces the evolution of climate change research, which, long dominated by the natural sciences, now sees greater involvement with disciplines studying the socio-cultural implications of change. In their introduction, the editors chart the changing role of the social and cultural sciences, delineating three strands of research: socio-critical approaches which connect climate change to a call for cultural or systemic change; a mitigation and adaption strand which takes the physical reality of climate change as a starting point, and focuses on the concerns of climate change-affected communities and their participation in political action; and finally, culture-sensitive research which places emphasis on indigenous peoples, who contribute the least to the causes of climate change, who are affected most by its consequences, and who have the least leverage to influence a solution. Part I of the book explores interdisciplinarity, climate research and the role of the social sciences, including the concept of ecological novelty, an assessment of progress since the first Rio climate conference, and a 'global village' case study from Portugal. Part II surveys ethnographic perspectives in the search for social facts of global climate change, including climate and mobility in the West African Sahel, and human-non human interactions and climate change in the Canadian Subarctic. Part III shows how collaborative and comparative ethnographies can spin "global webs of local knowledge," describing case studies of changing seasonality in Labrador and of rising water levels in the Chesapeake Bay. These perspectives are subjected to often-amusing, always incisive analysis in a concluding chapter entitled "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet: a death-defying look at the future of the climate debate. " The contributors engage critically with the research subject of 'climate change' itself, reflecting on their own practices of knowledge production and epistemological presuppositions. Finely detailed and sympathetic to a broad range of viewpoints, the book sets out a profile for the social sciences and humanities in the climate change field by systematically exploring methodological and theoretical challenges and approaches.
Grounding Globalization: Labour in the Age of Insecurity (Antipode Book Series #42)
by Rob Lambert Andries Beziudenhout Edward Webster*Winner of the 2009 Distinguished Scholarly Monograph Prize, awarded by the American Sociological Association Labor and Labor Movements section* Claims have been made on the emergence of a new labour internationalism in response to the growing insecurity created by globalization. However, when persons face conditions of insecurity they often turn inwards. The book contains a warning and a sign of hope. Some workers become fatalistic, even xenophobic. Others are attempting to globalize their own struggles. Examines the claim that a new labour internationalism is emerging by grounding the book in evidence, rather than assertion Analyzes three distinct places – Orange, Australia; Changwon, South Korea; and Ezakheni, South Africa – and how they dealt with manufacturing plants undergoing restructuring Explores worker responses to rising levels of insecurity and examines preconditions for the emergence of counter-movements to such insecurities Highlights the significance of 'place' and 'scale', and demonstrates how the restructuring of multi-national corporations, and worker responses to this, connect the two concepts
Groundwater
by Vijay P. Singh Shalini Yadav Ram Narayan YadavaThis book comprises the select proceedings of the International Conference on Water, Environment, Energy and Society. The book is divided into three parts. The first part deals with some aspects of groundwater focusing on delineation of groundwater zones, spatio-temporal variability of groundwater, and aquifer vulnerability. The second part is on some aspects of groundwater recharge, dealing with recharge sources, management of recharge and recharge technology, change of land use / land cover on groundwater recharge. The concluding part covers groundwater quality, encompassing causes and sources of pollution, leachate migration, river bank filtration, variability of quality, assessment and management of quality. The book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of water resources, hydrology, environmental resources, agricultural engineering, watershed management, earth sciences, as well as those engaged in natural resources planning and management. Graduate students and those wishing to conduct further research in water and environment and their development and management will also find the book to be of value.
Groundwater Base Level Changes and Adjoining Hydrological Systems
by Uri Kafri Yoseph YechieliThe proposed book deals with the role of changing groundwater base level on the adjacent hydrological systems. It summarizes, compiles and compares results of current and paleo base levels, using examples from all over the world. A classification is given for marine or continental groundwater base levels with special attention to those below sea level. The factors controlling base level changes and the methods for their determination are elaborated. Holocene and future changes are discussed with their effect on salinization and flushing mechanisms of groundwater. All topics described in the book are accompanied by examples and references from all over the world.
Groundwater Chemical Kinetics and Fractal Characteristics of Karst Tunnel
by Cangsong Li Jianfang Ding Yankai Liao Song LuThe key to the solution of geological hazards such as Karst water inrush and mud burst in tunnel lies in the accurate prediction or detection of Karst and groundwater. By means of on-site monitoring, theoretical analysis and indoor simulation experiments, the authors conduct in-depth research on the characteristics of water-bearing media and their mechanism of action, and explored the relevance of "Karst morphology", "Karst groundwater" and "fractal characteristics". An evaluation model of Karst development degree based on hydrochemical kinetic parameters and fractal index of Karst morphology is established. Based on the combination of Karst groundwater dynamics, hydrochemistry, water-rock interaction theory and fractal theory, the hydrochemical Kinetics and fractal index evaluation technique for Karst development is proposed. It provides a new theory and method for improving the accuracy of Karst and groundwater forecasting. The research results are of practical and guiding significance to the construction, Karst geological disasters prevention and management of various underground projects in Karst areas. Engineers and technicians, hydrogeological engineering geologists, and college students engaged in tunnel and underground engineering will find it valuable.
Groundwater Development and Management: Issues And Challenges In South Asia
by Pradip K. SikdarThis book deals with the challenges for efficient groundwater management, with a focus on South Asia and India, providing a balanced presentation of theory and field practice using a multidisciplinary approach. Groundwater of South Asia is increasingly confronted with overuse and deteriorating quality and therefore requires urgent attention. Management of the stressed groundwater systems is an extremely complex proposition because of the intricate hydrogeological set-up of the region. Strategies for sustainable management must involve a combination of supply-side and demand-side measures depending on the regional setting and socio-economic situations. As a consequence, the challenges of efficient groundwater management require not only a clear understanding of the aquifer configuration, but also demand for the development of a comprehensive database of the groundwater occurrences and flow systems in each hydrogeological setting. In addition, drilling and well construction methods that are appropriate to different hydrogeological formations need to be implemented as well as real-time monitoring of the status of the groundwater use. Also corrective measures for groundwater that is threatened with depletion and quality deterioration need to be installed. Finally, the legal framework of groundwater needs to be rearticulated according to the common property aspect of groundwater. These challenges should revolve around effective groundwater governance by creating an atmosphere to support and empower community-based systems of decision-making and revisit the existing legal framework and groundwater management institutions by fostering community initiatives.This book is relevant for academics, professionals, administrators, policy makers, and economists concerned with various aspects of groundwater science and management.
Groundwater Distribution in the Recharge Area of Ljubljanica Springs (Springer Theses)
by Matej BlatnikThis book presents a novel approach to studying the groundwater dynamics of and characterising karst aquifers. The content is based on long-term monitoring of groundwater parameters in the epiphreatic caves of a selected karst aquifer: part of the classical recharge area of Ljubljanica River, Slovenia. The recorded data was analysed on the basis of the recharge to the system, which is controlled by outflow from the Planinsko Polje, and on the basis of the known and inferred geometry of the karst conduit system. The book presents numerically tested conceptual models of the observed conduit system, which offer new insights into its structure and function. In closing, the author stresses the importance of caves as groundwater monitoring sites and provides new tools for interpreting cave water level hydrographs. Although the book focuses on a specific site, the methodology introduced here can be applied to numerous other karst systems, lending it considerable practical relevance.
Groundwater Engineering
by Ping Yang Jingjing Yan Yiqun Tang Jie Zhou Nianqing ZhouIntegrating information from several areas of engineering geology, hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering, this book addresses the general field of groundwater from an engineering perspective. It covers geological engineering as well as hydrogeological and environmental geological problems caused by groundwater engineering. It includes 10 chapters, i. e. , basic groundwater theory, parameter calculation in hydrogeology, prevention of geological problem caused by groundwater, construction dewatering, wellpoint dewatering methods, dewatering wells and drilling, groundwater dewatering in foundation-pit engineering, groundwater engineering in bedrock areas, numerical simulation in groundwater engineering, groundwater corrosion on concrete and steel. Based on up-to-date literature, it describes recent developments and presents several case studies with examples and problems. It is an essential reference source for industrial and academic researchers working in the groundwater field and can also serve as lecture-based course material providing fundamental information and practical tools for both senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in fields of geology engineering, hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering or to conduct related research.
Groundwater Engineering (Springer Environmental Science and Engineering)
by Ping Yang Jingjing Yan Yiqun Tang Jie Zhou Nianqing ZhouIntegrating information from several areas of engineering geology, hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering, this book addresses the general field of groundwater from an engineering perspective. It covers geological engineering as well as hydrogeological and environmental geological problems caused by groundwater engineering. It includes 10 chapters, i.e., basic groundwater theory, parameter calculation in hydrogeology, prevention of geological problem caused by groundwater, construction dewatering, wellpoint dewatering methods, dewatering wells and drilling, groundwater dewatering in foundation-pit engineering, groundwater engineering in bedrock areas, numerical simulation in groundwater engineering, groundwater corrosion on concrete and steel. Based on up-to-date literature, it describes recent developments and presents several case studies with examples and problems. It is an essential reference source for industrial and academic researchers working in the groundwater field and can also serve as lecture-based course material providing fundamental information and practical tools for both senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in fields of geology engineering, hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering or to conduct related research.
Groundwater Engineering: A Technical Approach to Hydrogeology, Contaminant Transport and Groundwater Remediation (Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering)
by Rajandrea Sethi Antonio Di MolfettaThis textbook employs a technical and quantitative approach to explain subsurface hydrology and hydrogeology, and to offer a comprehensive overview of groundwater-related topics such as flow in porous media, aquifer characterization, contaminant description and transport, risk assessment, and groundwater remediation. It describes the characterization of subsurface flow of pristine and polluted water and provides readers with easily applicable tools for the design of water supply systems, drinking-water source protection, and remediation interventions. Specific applications range from groundwater exploitation as a drinking water supply to the remediation of contaminated aquifers, from the definition and safeguarding of drinking-water sources to the assessment of human health risks in connection with groundwater contamination events. The book represents an ideal learning resource for upper-undergraduate and graduate students of civil engineering, environmental engineering, and geology, as well as practitioners in the fields of water resource management and environmental protection who are interested in groundwater engineering and technical hydrogeology.
Groundwater Geochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications to Contamination
by Randy Siegel William J. DeutschGroundwater Geochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications to Contamination examines the integral role geochemistry play s in groundwater monitoring and remediation programs, and presents it at a level understandable to a wide audience. Readers of all backgrounds can gain a better understanding of geochemical processes and how they apply to groundwater systems.The text begins with an explanation of fundamental geochemical processes, followed by a description of the methods and tools used to understand and simulate them. The book then explains how geochemistry applies to contaminant mobility, discusses remediation system design, sampling program development, and the modeling of geochemical interactions. This clearly written guide concludes with specific applications of geochemistry to contaminated sites.This is an ideal choice for readers who do not have an extensive technical background in aqueous chemistry, geochemistry, or geochemical modeling. The only prerequisite is a desire to better understand natural processes through groundwater geochemistry.