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Agribusiness and the Neoliberal Food System in Brazil: Frontiers and Fissures of Agro-neoliberalism (Earthscan Food and Agriculture)
by Antonio Augusto IorisDue to new production areas and persistent productivity gains, Brazil has consolidated its position as a global leader and even as a ‘model’ of commercial, integrated crop production. The country is now seen as an agricultural powerhouse that has a lot to offer in terms of reducing the prospect of a looming, increasingly global, food crisis. Agribusiness and the Neoliberal Food System in Brazil focuses on the intensification of Brazilian agribusiness as a privileged entry point into the politicised geography of globalised agri-food. Drawing on rich empirical analysis based around three fieldwork campaigns in the state of Mato Grosso, the book examines the connections between farming, markets and the apparatus of the state. The importance of agribusiness expansion within the wider politico-economic context of Brazilian neoliberalism is demonstrated, thus drawing broader conclusions about the main trends of agribusiness in the world today and providing recommendations for future research. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of agribusiness, neoliberalism and global food production, as well as those interested in Brazil and Latin America more generally.
Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change
by Christopher R. Bryant Mamadou A. Sarr Kénel DéluscaThis book deals with one of the major challenges facing human society and its governments, climate change and variability. The principal objective of the book is to explore how agricultural production through the actions primarily of farmers, including peasant farmers, adapt to these changing circumstances, what the limitations of adaptation are, how the process of adaptation varies between different territories (e. g. developed countries versus developing countries), and what are or can be the most effective roles for actors other than the farmers, including different levels of government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as professional associations of farmers and community organizations. The principal argument is threefold: 1) while there are significant differences between territories and countries in terms of the capacity of farmers (and the other actors) to engage in capacity building to be able to adapt effectively to climate change and variability, 2) the critical roles are those played out by the farmers themselves, but that 3) other actors can play an important role in accompanying farmers in their adaptation process, providing relevant and strategic information, counseling them and facilitating networking and meetings when appropriate. This effectively means that without engaging in the local adaptation processes governments can really only play effective roles by working with other actors at the local and regional levels. When it occurs, it can be very effective, but when it does not, farmers are left to their own devices (and even then, many are able to use their own creativity and local knowledge to survive and continue to develop). Essentially therefore, the secondary argument that is followed throughout the book is that adaptation is essentially a social process that requires an understanding of social processes and dynamics in each farming community and territory. It involves an understanding, for instance, of information diffusion processes in the different farming communities and territories, which provides a set of tools to promote and facilitate the adoption process in the context of adaptation to climate change and variability.
Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Senegal (Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development)
by Marieme ToureIn the light of the impact of extreme weather events, declining agricultural productivity and child malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa, this book explores the potential for sustainable agriculture to better respond to climate-related threats. By presenting a case study of Senegal, the author offers insights into the impact of climate change on long-term crop production, food security, and child malnutrition. Furthermore, the study sheds new light on the financialization of agricultural production and foreign direct investments, discusses policy instruments and adaptation strategies for implementing sustainable agriculture, and highlights the role of green financing instruments to enable the harmonization of private financing and green infrastructure. It will appeal to scholars of agricultural and development economics, and anyone interested in climate risk mitigation strategies and sustainable agriculture to achieve a green transition in sub-Saharan Africa.
Agricultural Commercialization, Gender Equality and the Right to Food: Insights from Ghana and Cambodia (Earthscan Food and Agriculture)
by Christophe Golay Elisabeth Prügl Joanna Bourke Martignoni Christophe Gironde Dzodzi TsikataThis volume explores agricultural commercialization from a gender equality and right to food perspective. Agricultural commercialization, involving not only the shift to selling crops and buying inputs but also the commodification of land and labour, has always been controversial. Strategies for commercialization have often reinforced and exacerbated inequalities, been blind to gender differences and given rise to violations of the human rights to food, land, work and social security. While there is a body of evidence to trace these developments globally, impacts vary considerably in local contexts. This book systematically considers these dynamics in two countries, Cambodia and Ghana. Profoundly different in terms of their history and location, they provide the basis for fruitful comparisons because they both transitioned to democracy in the early 1990s, made agricultural development a priority, and adopted orthodox policies of commercialization to develop the sector. Chapters illustrate how commercialization processes are gendered, highlighting distinctive gender, ethnic and class dynamics in rural Ghana and Cambodia and the different outcomes these generate. They also show the ways in which food cultures are changing and the often-problematic impact of these changes on the safety and quality of food. Specific policies and legal norms are examined, with chapters addressing the development and implementation of frameworks on the right to food and land administration. Overall, the volume brings into relief multiple dimensions shaping the outcomes of processes of commercialization, including gender orders, food cultures, policy translation, national and sub-national policies, corporate investments and programmes, and formal and informal legal norms. In doing so, it offers insight not only on our case countries, but also provides proposals to advance rights-based research on food security. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of food security, agricultural development and economics, gender, human rights and sustainable development.
Agricultural Depression in the 1920's: Economic Fact or Statistical Artifact? (Routledge Library Editions: Agriculture #1)
by Thomas H. JohnsonFirst published in 1985. This study explores the agricultural depression in the United States of America in the 1920’s. The author examines overproduction, wartime optimism and the farm crisis, and continuity and change in agriculture during this period. This title will be of great interest to students of history, agriculture, and economics.
Agricultural Digitization and Zhongyong Philosophy: Creating a Sustainable Circular Economy (Routledge Focus on Environment and Sustainability)
by Ye Li Yiyan Chen Hooi Hooi LeanThis interdisciplinary book combines digital technology with Eastern philosophy to examine how the concept of Zhongyong in Confucianism can be used to coordinate digital technology with sustainable agriculture. Zhongyong comes from the connotation of moderate and sustainable in ancient Chinese culture. It is with this concept in mind that this book presents a novel collaboration between philosophy and computer technology to explain how Zhongyong can play an important part in realizing agricultural digitization within a circular economy in order to help solve the current food crisis. The book examines two popular, yet contradictory, digital technologies—blockchain and the green data center. It showcases how the use of traditional Chinese Zhongyong can promote the decentralization of blockchain and the centralization of the green data center and explains the advantages of using both technologies simultaneously. The book puts forward a digital circular agricultural framework that embeds both blockchain and the green data center through an actual case study. While this book specifically focuses on agriculture, it also provides readers with a new perspective for thinking further on how to break down the disciplinary barriers between the social sciences and natural sciences. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of agriculture, digital technologies, circular economy, sustainable development, and Eastern philosophy.
Agricultural Drought in Slovakia: NDVI and Satellite Based Data (SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science)
by Veronika Zuzulová Jaroslav Vido Bernard ŠiškaThis book gives an insight into the evaluation of drought in Slovakia and provides an assessment of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a method suitable for an evaluation of drought in agricultural land. Dry seasons in the time series from 1960 to 2014 were determined according to the monthly Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). The field research was carried out on 12 sites including western Slovakia, Prešov, Trnava and Nitra regions. Data collected from satellite imagery, climate data analyses and drought indices was analysed to determine the value of NDVI as an evaluation tool.
Agricultural Ecology
by Joy TivyThis book analyses the nature of the relationships between crops, livestock and the bio-physical environment, and the extent to which man has managed and modified the products and environment to suit his/her own particular needs.
Agricultural Finance (Routledge Textbooks in Environmental and Agricultural Economics)
by Charles B. MossThis textbook integrates financial economics and management in the area of agricultural finance. The presentation of financial economics discusses how the credit needs of farmer/borrowers are met by depositors through commercial banks. The financial management content presents methods used to make farm financial decisions including farm accounting, capital budgeting, and the analysis of risk. The textbook begins by developing the farm financial market focusing primarily on the market for debt. Next, the textbook presents an overview of accounting concepts important for the credit market. The accounting section provides a detailed discussion of the Farm Financial Standards Council’s suggestions for agricultural financial statements. Following the financial accounting, the book presents the use of ratio analysis applied to the farm firm. Next, the text describes capital budgeting followed by an introduction to risk analysis. Finally, the book presents the effect of debt decisions on the farm firm. In addition to the primary topics, the textbook includes a discussion of agricultural banking and monetary policy and an analysis of the choice of historical cost and market valued accounting methodologies on the farm debt decision.
Agricultural Geography (Routledge Library Editions: Agribusiness and Land Use #19)
by W. B. Morgan R. J. MuntonOriginally published in 1971, this book is a systematic study of the major features and factors of the location and distribution of global agricultural enterprises. Special emphasis is given to approaches to the subject developed by economists and economic geographers, but all aspects of agricultural geography are reviewed including physical environmental problems. An introduction to the problem of classification and data collection together with instruction in some simple analytical techniques is given to equip the student with the basic methods for their own research.
Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia
by Clifford GeertzAgricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia is one of the most famous of the early works of Clifford Geertz. It principal thesis is that many centuries of intensifying wet-rice cultivation in Indonesia had produced greater social complexity without significant technological or political change, a process Geertz terms "involution".Written for a US-funded project on the local developments and following the modernization theory of Walt Whitman Rostow, Geertz examines in this book the agricultural system in Indonesia and its two dominant forms of agriculture, swidden and sawah. In addition to researching its agricultural systems, the book turns to an examination of their historical development. Of particular note is Geertz's discussion of what he famously describes as the process of "agricultural involution" in Java, where both the external economic demands of the Dutch rulers and the internal pressures due to population growth led to intensification rather than change.
Agricultural Land Use: Structural Transformations, Environment Challenges, Planning and Policy (Earthscan Food and Agriculture)
by Jerzy BańskiThis book presents contemporary trends and challenges in agricultural land use, drawing on an array of global case studies.This volume examines agricultural land use through a three-pronged approach: structural transformations, environmental challenges, and planning and policy. Reflecting the global relevance of contemporary challenges to agricultural land use, the book presents a wide range of novel case studies from across the world, including Poland, Hungary, Denmark, Slovenia, Czechia, Tanzania, Uganda, South Africa, Algeria, Northeast Africa countries, China, India, Australia, New Zealand, USA, and Brazil. Each chapter focuses on a particular issue related to agricultural land use in that country or region, including land fragmentation, reduction of crop land, agricultural intensification, desertification of soils, climate change, biodiversity loss, traditional agricultural systems, urbanization and rural development, and planning challenges for agricultural land. Together the chapters present a global view of the challenges facing the agricultural industry and offer solutions for developing sustainable agricultural practices to ensure food security and environmental and biodiversity conservation.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of food and agriculture, land use and land management, rural studies, and sustainable development.
Agricultural Marketing and the EEC (Routledge Library Editions: Agribusiness and Land Use #1)
by Michael Butterwick Edmund Neville-RolfeOriginally published in 1971, this book resulted from a 2-year study of the implications of the Common Market agricultural policy in relation to agricultural marketing in Britain. It provides the background to agricultural policies and explains why marketing developed differently in Britain and European countries. There are specific chapters on cereals, sugar, diary produce, horticultural products, livestock and meat, vegetable oils and oilseeds, eggs and poultry-meat and other farm products such as hops potatoes and wool). The book discusses such issues as the possible effects on British agricultural and horticultural marketing of adopting the CAP and the role played by the producer organisations.
Agricultural Nutrient Pollution and Climate Change: Challenges and Opportunities
by Lixia Wang Naseer Hussain Chih-Yu HungThis book presents a comprehensive exploration of advanced scientific techniques for reducing agricultural nutrient pollution in the context of climate change. It delves into the sources, pathways, and extent of nutrient release into the environment, offering stakeholders valuable insights into how scientific advancements can help reduce environmental footprints. The authors critically examine key knowledge gaps, policy interventions, and challenges related to nutrient management from agrochemicals, synthetic fertilizers, and organic manures. As the demand for safe, sustainable, and environmentally friendly agricultural practices grows in the face of climate change, this book synthesizes scientific research, reports, and policies. It provides reliable information for scientists, students, policymakers, and organizations to promote effective nutrient utilization in agriculture while minimizing environmental impacts.
Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil
by R. Lal J. M. Kimble R. F FollettThe potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change is one factor driving agricultural policy development of programs that might pay farmers for practices with a high potential to sequester carbon. With chapters by economists, policy makers, farmers, land managers, energy company representatives, and soil scientists, Agricu
Agricultural Productivity: Measurement and Explanation (Routledge Revivals)
by John M. Antle Susan M. CapalboThis book, first published in 1988, provides a comprehensive, integrated body of knowledge concerning agricultural productivity research, highlighting both its strengths and limitations. This book will be of value to scholars and research leaders for the knowledge it conveys of future productivity research, and will also be of interest to students of environmental studies.
Agricultural Resilience: Perspectives from Ecology and Economics (Ecological Reviews)
by Sarah M. Gardner Stephen J. Ramsden Rosemary S. HailsAgriculture as a social-ecological system embraces many disciplines. This book breaks through the silos of individual disciplines to bring ecologists and economists together to consider agriculture through the lens of resilience. It explores the economic, environmental and social uncertainties that influence the behaviour of agricultural producers and their subsequent farming approach, highlighting the importance of adaptability, innovation and capital reserves in enabling agriculture to persist under climate change and market volatility. The resilience concept and its relation to complexity theory is explained and the characteristics that foster resilience in agricultural systems, including the role of biodiversity and ecosystem services, are explored. The book discusses modelling tools, metrics and approaches for assessing agricultural resilience, highlighting areas where interdisciplinary thinking can enhance the development of resilience. It is suitable for those researching sustainable agriculture or those engaged in agricultural policy decisions and analysis, as well as students of ecology, agriculture and socioeconomics.
Agricultural Soil Science: Sustainable Management of Agricultural Soils (ISTE Invoiced)
by Yves Coquet Joel MichelinSoils are a vital resource in agricultural production. This book aims to provide an overview of several topics concerning agricultural soil management. Without claiming to be exhaustive, it nevertheless provides a useful basis for understanding how agricultural soils function, and how to manage these functions within agroecosystems. Our approach to soils is multidisciplinary, ranging from natural sciences to human and social sciences. Agricultural Soil Science also highlights the characteristics of soils in specific geographical regions (Mediterranean soils, tropical soils) and environments (urban soils). The content of this book is based on the training programs run by its authors at the higher education establishments where they teach. At a time of ecological transition, soils must once again play a central role in the management of agroecosystems. This book sets out to play its part in making that happen.
Agricultural Statistical Data Analysis Using Stata
by George BoyhanPractical statistics is a powerful tool used frequently by agricultural researchers and graduate students involved in investigating experimental design and analysis. One of the most widely used statistical analysis software packages for this purpose is Stata. The Stata software program has matured into a user-friendly environment with a wide variet
Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box: Ensuring Coherence with Sustainable Development Goals
by Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz Christophe Bellmann Jonathan HepburnDo the World Trade Organization's rules on 'green box' farm subsidies allow both rich and poor countries to achieve important goals such as food security, or do they worsen poverty, distort trade and harm the environment? Current WTO requirements set no ceiling on the amount of green box subsidies that governments can provide, on the basis that these payments cause only minimal trade distortion. Governments are thus increasingly shifting their subsidy spending into this category, as they come under pressure to reduce subsidies that are more directly linked to production. However, growing evidence nonetheless suggests that green box payments can affect production and trade, harm farmers in developing countries and cause environmental damage. By bringing together new research and critical thinking, this book examines the relationship between green box subsidies and the achievement of sustainable development goals, and explores options for future reform.
Agricultural Sustainability: Principles, Processes, and Prospects
by Saroja RamanTake a balanced look at ways to ensure food security and to work to erase hunger around the worldAgriculture is the most aggressively managed ecosystem. Agricultural Sustainability: Principles, Processes, and Prospects provides a comprehensive examination of all facets of agricultural sustainability, beginning with the history of the evolution of the concept to the present. Challenges to sustainability are clearly presented along with practical strategies to counter prospective problems. This vital resource considers options for the future, as well as reviewing past approaches for their value in today’s world.When one considers that the alternative to agricultural sustainability is the collapse of the world’s food systems, it is understood that compromise is impossible. Agricultural Sustainability takes a holistic approach to the issues that are involved in making agriculture ecologically sound, economically viable, and socially responsible around the world. The book is divided into three parts. Part One clarifies the concept of agricultural sustainability, bringing a rational and balanced view of the core elements. Part Two discusses ways to promote sustainability in the world, including practical scientific and technological processes for improving yields while ensuring food security for future generations. Part Three peers into future decades, reviewing the vision documents of international agencies, their perceptions and expectations for the years ahead, and present dysfunctional aspects in the current food system. The book is extensively referenced and includes figures and charts to clearly explain data.The book examines: the historic evolution of the concept of agricultural sustainability the combined effects of a multiplicity of agricultural systems concepts for validating the sustainability of a production system the role of natural capital in production the role of science and technology in sustainable use managing land, water, biodiversity, and energy quantitative approaches to measuring agricultural sustainability the current status of agricultureand predictions for its growth in the coming decades case studies of agricultural growth from India and China problemsand possibilitiesof creating a hunger-free world by the end of this century Agricultural Sustainability is crucial, enlightening reading for field workers in NGOs and agricultural extensions; personnel in local, national, and international developmental organizations; and educators and students of sustainable agricultural production, food security, rural development, environmental science, and the conservation of natural resources.
Agricultural Water Management: Proceedings of a Workshop in Tunisia
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesThis report contains a collection of papers from a workshop---Strengthening Science-Based Decision-Making for Sustainable Management of Scarce Water Resources for Agricultural Production, held in Tunisia. Participants, including scientists, decision makers, representatives of non-profit organizations, and a farmer, came from the United States and several countries in North Africa and the Middle East. The papers examined constraints to agricultural production as it relates to water scarcity; focusing on 1) the state of the science regarding water management for agricultural purposes in the Middle East and North Africa 2) how science can be applied to better manage existing water supplies to optimize the domestic production of food and fiber. The cross-cutting themes of the workshop were the elements or principles of science-based decision making, the role of the scientific community in ensuring that science is an integral part of the decision making process, and ways to improve communications between scientists and decision makers.
Agricultural and Climate Change Adaptation Law in Africa: Reflections from Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa (Earthscan Food and Agriculture)
by Habib Sani UsmanThis book presents an analysis of climate change and agricultural laws in Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa in order to determine whether they adequately addressed the concept of agricultural adaptation.Agriculture is one of the sectors of the economy that is contributing to climate change, and at the same time the sector is heavily impacted by climate change. Therefore agricultural adaptation is required. Focusing on three countries, this book provides a novel, comparative examination of how and to what extent the law promotes agriculture-focused adaptation in these countries. The role of the law in addressing issues such as water management strategies, soil conservation methods, and crop production methods is discussed. This book identifies gaps in the regulatory frameworks for agricultural adaptation and highlights the lack of adaptive capacity of African agriculture due to weak or non-existing legal frameworks. It discusses ways to remedy these gaps through specific on-farm adaptation strategies, legislative amendments to consolidate all relevant national climate change-related policies and laws with agricultural policies and laws that have relevant provisions on adaptation as medium-term solutions, and the development of a specific framework law for agriculture-focused adaptation, incorporating essential agricultural adaptation strategies, could perhaps be enacted as long-term solutions to the regulatory gaps.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of law, climate change, food and agriculture, sustainable development, and African studies.
Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability: Considerations for the Future
by Manjit S. KangUnderstand sustainable development from economic, ecological, and social perspectivesAs world population continues to increase, the need grows for a safe, sustainable supply of food. Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability: Considerations for the Future provides the latest research results and vital information on the process of p
Agriculture Geography First Semester FYBA, B.COM, B.SC New NEP Syllabus - SPPU
by Dr Jyotiram C. More Prof. Harishchandra S. Timbole Dr Ganesh Madhukar DhawaleThe book titled "Agriculture Geography" provides a comprehensive overview of agricultural geography, its principles, and its importance. It begins with the definition and scope of agricultural geography, examining the spatial relationships between agriculture and human activities. The text discusses the various types of agriculture, including subsistence, commercial, and mixed farming, as well as modern trends like smart and natural farming. It explores the physical and economic factors influencing Indian agriculture, highlights the historical and geographical transformations in agricultural practices, and addresses the impact of agricultural revolutions like the Green, White, and Blue Revolutions. The book also covers government policies, technological advancements, and new perspectives aimed at achieving sustainable agriculture, ensuring food security, and improving farmer incomes. Designed as a textbook for students, it combines theoretical knowledge with practical insights, supported by exercises and examples for academic and competitive examinations.