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Hydrogeological Instability in Cohesive Soils: Techniques For Prediction, Prevention And Control
by Luigi CoppolaThis book discusses techniques for predicting, preventing and controlling the hydrogeological instability of slopes consisting of cohesive soils. The proposed methodology is practical and innovative, and assumes a dynamic valence in defining the deformation process of underground failure as well as its activation through the assumption of a four-dimensional space-time continuum. This latter aspect is crucial for predicting a landslide in time to control it. At present, predicting, preventing and controlling hydrogeological instability in cohesive soils relies on mathematical modelling using specific software, the predictive reliability of which is rather deficient. Such modelling is based upon deterministic processes, which are entirely unsuitable for dealing with the complexity of vital processes occurring during the genesis of a landslide. In this work, the three-dimensional vision of a landslide as a set of distinct and independent phenomena is abandoned and the prediction and prevention of hydrogeological instability is pursued through the alternative of an indivisible totality of natural phenomena that includes the time factor. The book is of interest to graduates and researchers of applied geology, geotechnical, environmental and civil engineering, as well as professionals in the fields of hydrogeology and natural hazards.
Hydrogeology: Groundwater Science and Engineering
by Alain DassarguesThis text combines the science and engineering of hydrogeology in an accessible, innovative style. As well as providing physical descriptions and characterisations of hydrogeological processes, it also sets out the corresponding mathematical equations for groundwater flow and solute/heat transport calculations. And, within this, the methodological and conceptual aspects for flow and contaminant transport modelling are discussed in detail. This comprehensive analysis forms the ideal textbook for graduate and undergraduate students interested in groundwater resources and engineering, and indeed its analyses can apply to researchers and professionals involved in the area.
Hydrogeology: Principles and Practice
by Kevin M. Hiscock Victor F. BenseHydrogeology: Principles and Practice provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of hydrogeology to enable the reader to appreciate the significance of groundwater in meeting current and future water resource challenges. This new edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect advances in the field since 2004. The book presents a systematic approach to understanding groundwater. Earlier chapters explain the fundamental physical and chemical principles of hydrogeology, and later chapters feature groundwater investigation techniques in the context of catchment processes, as well as chapters on groundwater quality and contaminant hydrogeology. Unique features of the book are chapters on the applications of environmental isotopes and noble gases in the interpretation of aquifer evolution, and on regional characteristics such as topography, compaction and variable fluid density in the explanation of geological processes affecting past, present and future groundwater flow regimes. The last chapter discusses groundwater resources and environmental management, and examines the role of groundwater in integrated river basin management, including an assessment of possible adaptation responses to the impacts of climate change. Throughout the text, boxes and a set of colour plates drawn from the authors’ teaching and research experience are used to explain special topics and to illustrate international case studies ranging from transboundary aquifers and submarine groundwater discharge to the over-pressuring of groundwater in sedimentary basins. The appendices provide conversion tables and useful reference material, and include review questions and exercises, with answers, to help develop the reader’s knowledge and problem-solving skills in hydrogeology. This accessible textbook is essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students primarily in earth sciences, environmental sciences and physical geography with an interest in hydrogeology or groundwater science. The book will also find use among practitioners in hydrogeology, soil science, civil engineering and planning who are involved in environmental and resource protection issues requiring an understanding of groundwater. Additional resources can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/hiscock/hydrogeology
Hydrogeology: Introduction To Applied Hydrogeology (Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment)
by Bernward Hölting Wilhelm G. ColdeweyThis textbook provides a complete introduction to Hydrogeology. It is a comprehensive reference for earth science professionals involved in groundwater exploitation as well as for geotechnical engineers. This English translation of the German textbook "Hydrogeologie" by Hölting & Coldewey, which has been published in its 8th edition, provides insights into the sources and reservoirs of groundwater, the dynamics of fluid flow, and the physical and chemical composition of groundwater. It also gives an overview about the economic value of groundwater and its exploitation and use. A consistent use of the internationally accepted SI units as well as the formula symbols in the text contributes to the understandability.
Hydrogeology of a Large Oil-and-Gas Basin in Central Patagonia
by Mario Alberto Hernández Nilda González Lisandro HernándezThis book analyzes the most important geohydrological aspects of the San Jorge Gulf Basin (Chubut and Santa Cruz provinces, Argentine Patagonia), with a particular focus on the physical and hydrodynamic characteristics of the system. Discovered in 1907, the San Jorge Gulf Basin was the first petroleum and gas-producing basin in Argentina. It is also one of the most important areas with real prospects for non-conventional exploitation (shale oil-gas). After characterizing the hydroclimatic background (hydrometeorological parameters and water balance), the book describes the main physical aspects: geomorphology, soils and surface as well as subsoil geology, especially lithology, structures, stratigraphy and hydrogeology.
Hydrogeology of Plains
by Miguel AugeThis book describes essential methods for evaluating groundwater vulnerability to contamination. It analyzes the chemical and dynamic properties of groundwater in detail and proposes the use of cartography to elucidate underground hydrodynamic behavior and scale classification. Supplemented by color illustrations, figures and tables, as well as a comprehensive bibliography for further research on specific issues, the book studies groundwater behavior in different types of plains, such as alluvial, deltaic, piedmont, intermountain and marine, and suggests a methodology for hydrogeological studies.
Hydrography and Navigation on the Congo River: A Century of Visual History
by Paul Van PulIn a time without GPS and echosounder, European engineers and black labourers worked for decades to get a better understanding of the nautical intricacies of the Congo River. This is the first comprehensive story, in text and custom-made maps, of the, in flow, second largest river in the world. We follow the earliest explorers mapping the river, the expeditions to find an alternative access to the ocean and the first land and hydraulic surveys to improve navigation. The constant movement of shallows and islands keeps the guardians of the river constantly on their toes. Over the years, better technologies on all fronts improved safety, data collection and fairway maintenance. In conclusion, the author describes a proposal to develop a 21st container port that would rival any port facilities on the African west coast.
Hydrohumanities: Water Discourse and Environmental Futures
by Kim De Wolff, Rina C. Faletti and Ignacio López-CalvoA free open access ebook is available upon publication. Learn more at www.luminosoa.org. Discourse about water and power in the modern era have largely focused on human power over water: who gets to own and control a limited resource that has incredible economic potential. As a result, discussion of water, even in the humanities, has traditionally focused on fresh water for human use. Today, climate extremes from drought to flooding are forcing humanities scholars to reimagine water discourse. This volume exemplifies how interdisciplinary cultural approaches can transform water conversations. The manuscript is organized into three emergent themes in water studies: agency of water, fluid identities, and cultural currencies. The first section deals with the properties of water and the ways in which water challenges human plans for control. The second section explores how water (or lack of it) shapes human collective and individual identities. The third engages notions of value and circulation to think about how water has been managed and employed for local, national, and international gains. Contributions come from preeminent as well as emerging voices across humanities fields including history, art history, philosophy, and science and technology studies. Part of a bigger goal for shaping the environmental humanities, the book broadens the concept of water to include not just water in oceans and rivers but also in pipes, ice floes, marshes, bottles, dams, and more. Each piece shows how humanities scholarship has world-changing potential to achieve more just water futures.
Hydroids of the Pacific Coast of Canada and the United States
by Charles McLean FraserHydroids of the Pacific Coast of Canada and the United States is an attempt to give a brief description, with figures, of every hydroid species known to occur along the Pacific Coast of Canada and the United States, together with its distribution within this area. It is intended to provide the Pacific zoologist with a reference, easily understood, to every species of hydroid reported from the coast. Keys to families, genera, and species have been included to facilitate diagnosis. Much of the information presented has already been published, but in widely scattered papers, some of them long out of print. The new contribution is largely in the extensive addition to the distribution records, for which many thousands of specimens have been examined.
Hydrologic Hazards Science at the U.S. Geological Survey
by Committee on U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources ResearchA report on the Hydrologic Hazards Science at the U.S. Geological Survey
Hydrologic Measurements with Flexible Liners and Other Applications
by Carl KellerThis book provides hydrologists the information needed for the characterization of contaminated subsurface hydrologic sites. It explains how to seal boreholes, map contaminant distribution in a formation, map the flow zones, and measure the hydraulic head distribution through a single flexible liner. Results of the measurement methods provided demonstrate the reality and reliability of the unique FLUTe techniques. These measurements help to predict contaminant migration and aid in the design of a groundwater remedy. The limitations of several methods are provided to allow an intelligent choice of methods and a well-informed selection of devices among the alternative methods. The mechanics of flexible liner systems are explained with examples of applications beyond the hydrologic measurements such as relining of piping. Features include: The first book on a modern technology that is replacing traditional technology globally Written by the inventor of the FLUTe technology with 25 years’ experience with successful applications Describes FLUTe technology in detail, including the theory behind the tools, how to use the tools, and the mathematics used to interpret the data generated by the tools Provides step-by-step explanations of how to conduct fieldwork and how to analyze the data gathered Minimizes reliance on mathematical explanations and uses illustrations and examples that allow readers to understand the technology This book is of interest to environmental professionals, mine operators, petroleum engineers, geophysicists who use these methods or are considering using these methods for remediation of groundwater contamination, academics, students, and regulators.
Hydrologic Modeling
by Vijay P Singh Shalini Yadav Ram Narayan YadavaThis book contains seven parts. The first part deals with some aspects of rainfall analysis, including rainfall probability distribution, local rainfall interception, and analysis for reservoir release. Part 2 is on evapotranspiration and discusses development of neural network models, errors, and sensitivity. Part 3 focuses on various aspects of urban runoff, including hydrologic impacts, storm water management, and drainage systems. Part 4 deals with soil erosion and sediment, covering mineralogical composition, geostatistical analysis, land use impacts, and land use mapping. Part 5 treats remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) applications to different hydrologic problems. Watershed runoff and floods are discussed in Part 6, encompassing hydraulic, experimental, and theoretical aspects. Water modeling constitutes the concluding Part 7. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Xinanjiang, and Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) models are discussed. The book is of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of water resources, hydrology, environmental resources, agricultural engineering, watershed management, earth sciences, as well as those engaged in natural resources planning and management. Graduate students and those wishing to conduct further research in water and environment and their development and management find the book to be of value.
Hydrologic Remote Sensing: Capacity Building for Sustainability and Resilience
by Yang Hong Yu Zhang Sadiq Ibrahim KhanEnvironmental remote sensing plays a critical role in observing key hydrological components such as precipitation, soil moisture, evapotranspiration and total water storage on a global scale. As water security is one of the most critical issues in the world, satellite remote sensing techniques are of particular importance for emerging regions which have inadequate in-situ gauge observations. This book reviews multiple remote sensing observations, the application of remote sensing in hydrological modeling, data assimilation and hydrological capacity building in emerging regions.
Hydrologic Science Priorities for the U.S. Global Change Research Program: An Initial Assessment
by National Research CouncilA report on the Hydrologic Science Priorities for the U.S. Global Change Research Program
Hydrologic Sciences: Taking Stock and Looking Ahead
by Proceedings of the 1997 Abel Wolman Distinguished Lecture Symposium on the Hydrologic SciencesHydrologic science, an important, interdisciplinary science dealing with the occurrence, distribution, and properties of water on Earth, is key to understanding and resolving many contemporary, large-scale environmental issues. The Water Science and Technology Board used the opportunity of its 1997 Abel Wolman Distinguished Lecture to assess the vitality of the hydrologic sciences by the hydrologic community. The format included focus by lecturer Thomas Dunne on the intellectual vitality of the hydrologic sciences, followed by a symposium featuring several invited papers and discussions.Hydrologic Sciences is a compilation of the Wolman Lecture and the papers, preceded by a summarizing overview. The volume stresses a number of needs for furtherance of hydrologic science, including development of a coherent body of transferable theory and an intellectual center for the science, communication across multiple geo- and environmental science disciplines, appropriate measurements and observations, and provision of central guidance for the field.
Hydrological Aspects of Climate Change (Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering)
by Ashish Pandey Sanjay Kumar Arun KumarThis volume arises from the work of Roorkee Water Conclave 2020 and focuses on the hydrological aspects of climate change, hydrological extremes, and adaptation for water resources management. The research papers in this book are centred on themes such as climate change and water security, water resources management, and adaptation to climate change. This volume contains chapters on historical purview of the developments in water management, policy issues, latest development in sustainable water management including their practical applications, real time adverse impact on climate, and more. This volume will be useful to students, researchers as well as practitioners.
Hydrological Changes and Estuarine Dynamics
by Paul Montagna Terence A. Palmer Jennifer Beseres PollackWater development projects have altered the environmental flow landscapes where dams and diversions have been built, and this could have effects on coastal resources, particularly in estuaries. Water is an important human resource and water needs grow as populations grow. However, freshwater inflow to the coast is fundamental to the functioning of estuaries. Can we have stable, secure, and sufficient water resources for people and still protect estuarine health? Estuaries are the most productive environments on Earth, and this is in part due to freshwater inflow, which dilutes marine water, and transports nutrients and sediments to the coast. Estuaries are characterized by salinity and nutrient gradients, which are important in regulating many biological processes. As water is diverted for human consumption, it is common for many environmental problems to appear. While many countries have water quality programs, few are dealing with water quantity alterations. The first step is to define marine resources to protect, and the water quality conditions those resources need to thrive. The second step is to determine the flow regimes needed to maintain the desired water quality conditions. Finally, many regions are using adaptive management programs to manage freshwater resources. These programs set goals to protect ecosystem resources, identify indicators, and monitor the indicators over time to ensure that the goals are appropriate and resources are protected. Case studies demonstrate that monitoring and research can determine the ecological and socio-economical impacts of altered freshwater inflows, and stakeholders and managers can make well-informed decisions to manage freshwater inflows to local coasts wisely.
Hydrological Data Driven Modelling
by Renji Remesan Jimson MathewThis book explores a new realm in data-based modeling with applications to hydrology. Pursuing a case study approach, it presents a rigorous evaluation of state-of-the-art input selection methods on the basis of detailed and comprehensive experimentation and comparative studies that employ emerging hybrid techniques for modeling and analysis. Advanced computing offers a range of new options for hydrologic modeling with the help of mathematical and data-based approaches like wavelets, neural networks, fuzzy logic, and support vector machines. Recently machine learning/artificial intelligence techniques have come to be used for time series modeling. However, though initial studies have shown this approach to be effective, there are still concerns about their accuracy and ability to make predictions on a selected input space.
Hydrological Extremes: River Hydraulics and Irrigation Water Management (Water Science and Technology Library #97)
by Ashish Pandey S. K. Mishra M. L. Kansal R. D. Singh V. P. SinghThis book presents quality technical papers representing the recent developments in the field of hydrological modeling, water management and water governance including practical applications. The content covers multifarious aspects of hydrology and water resources. It includes an application of the Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) which has been successfully demonstrated for assessment of floods. The authors suggest an approach for the mitigation of cyclone disaster through a case study of the Phailin cyclone, whilst considering mitigating pluvial flooding, developing suitable management strategies. The book includes chapters discussing the detrended fluctuation analysis which is carried out for multifractal description of droughts. Drought characteristics are analyzed, and drought indices evolved for drought preparedness/management. The use of science in community planning under changing climate is also studied and discussed. The authors present and experimental study wherein hydraulic coefficients are calibrated by using vertical orifice. A cross flow hybrid hydrokinetic turbine is also evaluated for performance, and high head regulating radial gate designed and studied its sensitivity.This book will appeal to researchers, field practitioners, NGO and other Governmental as well as private water practitioners
Hydrological Modeling: Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering (Water Science and Technology Library #109)
by V. P. Singh Ramakar Jha Vivekanand Singh L. B. Roy Roshni ThendiyathThis book carefully considers hydrological models which are essential for predicting floods, droughts, soil moisture estimation, land use change detection, geomorphology and water structures. The book highlights recent advances in the area of hydrological modelling in the Ganga Basin and other internationally important river basins. The impact of climate change on water resources is a global concern. Water resources in many countries are already stressed, and climate change along with burgeoning population, rising standard of living and increasing demand are adding to the stress. Furthermore, river basins are becoming less resilient to climatic vagaries. Fundamental to addressing these issues is hydrological modelling which is covered in this book. Integrated water resources management is vital to ensure water and food security. Integral to the management is groundwater and solute transport, and this book encompasses tools that will be useful to mitigate the adverse consequences of natural disasters.
Hydrological Processes Modelling and Data Analysis: A Primer (Water Science and Technology Library #127)
by Vijay P. Singh Rajendra Singh Pranesh Kumar Paul Deepak Singh Bisht Srishti GaurThis book provides a state-of-the-art overview of the concepts and methodologies of data and modelling-driven hydrological analyses and their wide range of practical applications. The book is driven by the realisation that science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) concepts are essential in engineering hydrology to produce well-trained hydrologists. Such hydrologists will be equipped to face future societal challenges that require enhanced information and communication technology tools and integration of technical and non-technical areas. The book contains 12 chapters that introduce the principles of hydrological data analysis and highlight the current and emerging tools and techniques for analysing hydrologic data. The book describes the types of data typically used in hydrological analyses. It highlights the revolutionary technological advancements made toward hydrological data collection, including the use of drones and smartphones. The foremost objective of the book is to present the hydrological data analysis procedures. It explains the steps involved in data analysis for easy understanding of the reader, including students and professionals. This book presents case studies that demonstrate step-by-step procedures involved in typical analysis problems and may guide students and professionals in planning and executing steps to analyse the problem at hand. Case study examples will guide them to understand the intricacies of hydrological data analysis. It provides the readers with a complete package to enrich their understanding of the hydrological data analysis tools and techniques. Subsequently, as well-trained hydrologists, they could execute their learning to meet any specific grand challenge of the twenty-first century.
Hydrological Processes of the Danube River Basin
by Mitja BrillyThe Danube River Basin is shared by 19 countries and there is no river basin in the world shared by so many nations. Covering an area of about 800,000 km², it is Europe's second largest river basin and home to 83 million people of different cultures, languages and historical backgrounds. Management of common water sources and overcoming difficulties caused by droughts and floods requires co-operation between these countries. In the past twenty years political turbulence has caused an increase in the number of countries included, making co-operation difficult at times. Nevertheless several projects were launched and a number of reports were produced. In 2008, at the 22nd Working Meeting of the Regional Hydrological Co-operation of the Danube Countries in the framework of IHP/UNESCO at the XXIVth Conference of the Danubian Countries, it was decided that these reports would be summarised in one special publication. It was also agreed to include additional reports serving the common interest. This publication therefore brings together the reports and papers related to regional co-operation. It is the result of a major collaboration and examines a broad range of topics. These include hydrological forecasting and hydro-meteorological extremes, global climate change and hydrological processes, water management, and developments in hydrology. The book includes the efforts of many hydrologists and technical staff from different Universities and Agencies from all countries of the Danube River Basin.
Hydrological, Socioeconomic and Ecological Impacts of the North Atlantic Oscillation in the Mediterranean Region
by Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano Ricardo M. TrigoThe Mediterranean basin represents one of the most important "hot spots" of climate change in the world, with recent trends towards a hotter and drier climate being related to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. Such changes can have significant impacts in the climate of this region but also on the natural environment and several socioeconomic activities. Among these patterns, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the main forcing factors in the region with impact on extreme events such as droughts, severe precipitations or heat and cold waves, the availability of water resources, the ecological dynamics, the quality and quantity of crops, the migration and welfare of animal populations, the fisheries dynamics, the triggering of landslides and the air pollution and human health, among others. The aim of Hydrological, Socioeconomic and Ecological Impacts of the North Atlantic Oscillation in the Mediterranean Region, is to serve as an updated reference text that covers the wide range of evidences on the NAO impacts in the Mediterranean regions and from a multidisciplinary perspective. This volume constitutes a unique document to present the state of the art of the numerous studies undertaken on the hydrological, socioeconomic and ecological impact of the NAO, collecting the expertise of researchers from several complementary earth science fields (geography, hydrology, remote-sensing, climatology, agriculture, energy), but that have been lacking a common ground.
Hydrologie, climat et biogeochimie du bassin du Congo: Une Base pour l'Avenir (Geophysical Monograph Series)
by Raphael M. Tshimanga Guy D. Moukandi N’kaya Douglas AlsdorfLA SÉRIE DE MONOGRAPHIE GÉOPHYSIQUE Hydrologie, Climat et Biogéochimie du Bassin du Congo Une Base pour l’Avenir Le Congo est le deuxième plus grand bassin fluvial du monde et abrite 120 millions d’habitants. La compréhension du cycle de l’eau, des sédiments et des nutriments est importante car la région est confrontée à des changements climatiques et anthropiques. Hydrologie, Climat et Biogéochimie du Bassin du Congo : Une Base pour l’Avenir explore les variations et les influences sur les précipitations, l’hydrologie et l’hydraulique, et la dynamique des sédiments et du carbone. Il présente des contributions d’experts de la région et de leurs collaborateurs internationaux. Les points forts du volume comprennent: Nouvelles mesures in situ et par télédétection et les résultats des modèles Utilisation des données historiques pour évaluer les précipitations et les changements hydrologiques Exploration des échanges d’eau entre les zones humides et les rivières Processus biogéochimiques dans les forêts et les zones humides du bassin du Congo Une base scientifique pour la gestion des ressources hydrologiques dans la région Études de différentes parties du fleuve Congo et de ses bassins adjacents Ce livre est également disponible en anglais. L’Union Géophysique Américaine encourage la découverte des sciences de la Terre et de l’espace au profit de l’humanité. Ses publications diffusent des connaissances scientifiques et fournissent des ressources aux chercheurs, aux étudiants et aux professionnels.
Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft: Eine Einführung für Ingenieure (Springer-Lehrbuch)
by Ulrich ManiakDie aktualisierte und #65533;berarbeitete 7. Auflage des FachbuchsHydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft beschreibt hydrologische Grundlagen undL#65533;sungsans#65533;tze f#65533;r Aufgaben in der Wassermengen- und -g#65533;tewirtschaft und imGew#65533;sserschutz. Erweitert wurden die Verfahren der Abflussermittlung undDatenverarbeitung sowie die Ermittlung von Bemessungswerten f#65533;r Wasserbautenund ihren Betrieb mit Flussgebietsmodellen, auch unter Einfluss desKlimawandels, der Risikobetrachtungen f#65533;r ihr Versagen und derDurchflussvorhersage. Erg#65533;nzt wurden Stoffbilanz- und -transportmodelle zurPrognose der Gew#65533;sserg#65533;te bei Sanierungsma#65533;nahmen. Die Interpretation derErgebnisse wird durch zahlreiche Praxisbeispiele veranschaulicht. Die Neuauflageist ein unverzichtbares Arbeitsbuch, genau und aktuell auf die Praxis desIngenieurs zugeschnitten.