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Hydraulic Transients and Computations
by Zh. ZhangThis book describes the fundamental phenomena of, and computational methods for, hydraulic transients, such as the self-stabilization effect, restriction of the Joukowsky equation, real relations between the rigid and elastic water column theories, the role of wave propagation speed, mechanism of the attenuation of pressure fluctuations, etc. A new wave tracking method is described in great detail and, supported by the established conservation and traveling laws of shockwaves, offers a number of advantages. The book puts forward a novel method that allows transient flows to be directly computed at each time node during a transient process, and explains the differences and relations between the rigid and elastic water column theories. To facilitate their use in hydropower applications, the characteristics of pumps and turbines are provided in suitable forms and examples. The book offers a valuable reference guide for engineers and scientists, helping them make transient computations for their own programming, while also contributing to the final standardization of methods for transient computations.
Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, Volume 1: Select Proceedings of HYDRO 2023 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #547)
by Manish Pandey Giuseppe Oliveto N. V. Umamahesh Z. AhmadThis book comprises the proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources, River and Coastal Engineering (HYDRO 2023) focusing on broad spectrum of emerging opportunities and challenges in the field of hydraulics and fluid mechanics. It covers a range of topics, including, but not limited to, experimental and computational fluid mechanics, sediment dynamics, environmental impact assessment of water resources projects, environmental flows, pollutant transport, etc. Presenting recent advances in the form of illustrations, tables, and text, it offers readers insights for their own research. In addition, the book addresses fundamental concepts and studies in the field of flood forecasting and hydraulic structures, making it a valuable resource for both beginners and researchers wanting to further their understanding of hydraulics, water resources and coastal engineering.
Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, Volume 2: Select Proceedings of HYDRO 2023 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #560)
by Manish Pandey Giuseppe Oliveto N. V. Umamahesh Z. AhmadThis book comprises the proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources, River and Coastal Engineering (HYDRO 2023) focusing on broad spectrum of emerging opportunities and challenges in the field of hydraulics and fluid mechanics. It covers a range of topics, including, but not limited to, experimental and computational fluid mechanics, sediment dynamics, environmental impact assessment of water resources projects, environmental flows, pollutant transport, etc. Presenting recent advances in the form of illustrations, tables, and text, it offers readers insights for their own research. In addition, the book addresses fundamental concepts and studies in the field of flood forecasting and hydraulic structures, making it a valuable resource for both beginners and researchers wanting to further their understanding of hydraulics, water resources and coastal engineering.
Hydraulics, Hydrology and Environmental Engineering
by Simon A. MathiasThis textbook provides an excellent resource for engineering and science students to develop basic, intermediate and advanced level skills in hydraulics, hydrology and environmental engineering. Topics include open channel flow, ocean waves, kinematic wave modelling, flood forecasting, groundwater production, evapotranspiration, rainfall runoff modelling, cost benefit analysis, environmental evaluation, air quality control, carbon capture and storage, atmospheric dispersion, water pollution, water treatment, wastewater treatment, environmental impact assessment and uncertainty management. Hydrology and environmental engineering are treated as clear extensions of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. Emphasis is placed on distinguishing between theoretical and empirical results. Written challenges are specified throughout the text to help readers derive important theoretical results for themselves. Each chapter includes a set of related practical problems with detailed worked solutions, many of which include short, self-contained MATLAB codes. The book provides a wealth of theoretical and practical exercises to aid teachers in planning innovative learning experiences for their students in class and at home. The book also offers a rich environment for students and researchers to practice mathematics and learn about the art of deriving analytical solutions in an environmental engineering context.
Hydraulik für Bauingenieure
by Ekkehard Heinemann Rainer Feldhaus Christian JokielDas Buch beschreibt umfassend, dabei aber leicht verständlich, alle praxisrelevanten hydromechanischen Berechnungsansätze – von der Hydrostatik bis zu Strömungsproblemen.Es beantwortet kompetent die wichtigen hydraulischen Fragestellungen. Dazu dienen die in zahlreichen Berechnungsbeispielen detailliert dargestellten Rechengänge mit vielen Abbildungen. Das macht es für Bauingenieure in Studium und Praxis besonders wertvoll.Die 3. Auflage wurde vollständig überarbeitet und aktualisiert. Inhaltliche Ergänzungen sind unter anderem zusätzliche hydraulische Bemessungsansätze für abwassertechnische Aufgaben und Trassenentwässerung sowie Zahlenbeispiele.
Hydraulik für den Wasserbau
by Ulrich ZankeIngenieure in Wasserbau, Wasserwirtschaft, Abwassertechnik und Wasserversorgung nutzen hydromechanische Berechnungsverfahren für ihre Planungen. Das aktualisierte Nachschlagewerk bietet einen knappen, dabei inhaltlich umfassenden Überblick. Die übersichtliche Formel- und Beispielsammlung für Strömungsfragen in Rohrleitungen und Gewässern sowie die einheitliche Behandlung des Sedimenttransports sind auf den neuesten Stand gebracht. Das Kapitel zur Gerinnehydraulik ist um Themenbereiche für Umweltingenieure und Geowissenschaftler erweitert.
Hydro-Climatic Extremes in the Anthropocene (Springer Climate)
by Christopher NdehedeheThis book explores how human civilization has contributed to changes in the Anthropocene, an era that marks a fundamental change in the way mankind has interacted with the Earth system. It examines the 21st century in the context of human development of water infrastructures, climate change impacts on freshwater resources, groundwater depletion, rising population, land use change, extreme events (droughts, floods, and wildfires). The implications of climate change impacts on environmental assets and the global water cycle are also highlighted. The book takes a pragmatically trans-disciplinary and holistic approach to the discussion of these issues, and the Earth system in the Anthropocene, drawing from a plethora of case studies. The capabilities of machine learning tools in satellite hydrology applications have been demonstrated as well as the feasibility of remote sensing data and innovative geospatial tools in environmental assessment. The book further showcases the multiple strengths and potential of new multi-disciplinary satellite radar programmes and geodetic missions, to measure and characterize extreme events, and their links to global climate, as well as in remote sensing of the environment. The aim is to provide innovative tools and a scientific framework that underpin our fundamental understanding of environmental systems, and the complexities of socio-hydrological systems in the Anthropocene. Policy issues have also been raised as an important aspect that can strengthen the management and administration of water resources, particularly in emerging economies where observational data is often lacking, limited, or difficult to access. It also highlights the lessons learned from freshwater hotspots (e.g., Lake Chad and Lake Urmia) where prolonged droughts and human activities have led to a permanent loss of surface water. It identifies the role of institutions and stakeholders in driving policies that underpins water management and climate change adaptation. The book articulates the novel applications of remote sensing tools as part of a monitoring framework that can alert stakeholders and the public sector to the dangers of mismanagement of freshwater in these hotspots and help facilitate water governance approaches. The book fills a critical gap in the multi-disciplinary aspect of planetary science, particularly in understanding the impacts of climate change and human actions on freshwater resources, as well as the stability of the Earth system.
Hydro-Meteorological Extremes and Disasters (Disaster Resilience and Green Growth)
by Anil Kumar Gupta Manish Kumar Goyal Akhilesh GuptaThe edited book provides both fundamentals as well as key factors of climate change, extreme events and disaster risk management. It systematically describes the integrated risk of various hydro-meteorological extreme events. The book brings together broad range of topics including basic concepts, exposure, risk, resilience and vulnerability. In addition, it also analysis the impact of various disaster events on bio-diversity, local communities, ecosystem and agricultural food production. The motive is to define remediation strategies in the fields of resilient infrastructures, communication strategies and immediate public participation. The book is presented in four parts, where part 1 familiarizes with fundamentals of hydro-meteorological based disasters; Part 2 focuses on risk and vulnerability analysis; Part 3 focuses on risk remediation options; and part 4 suggests the role of sustainable planning framework on disaster risk management. This volume is of interest and use to professionals and researchers working in climate change, atmospheric sciences and disaster management.
Hydro-mechanical Analysis of Rainfall-Induced Landslides
by Xu Li Lizhou Wu Runqiu HuangMost landslides are triggered by rainfall. In previous studies, slope stability is often evaluated based on the infiltration analysis. Hydro-mechanical coupling is significant to rainfall-caused landslide evolution. This book covers theoretical models of unsaturated infiltration, and provides hydro-mechanical models for rainfall-induced landslides. The influences of rainfall patterns, boundary conditions, layered structures, and SWCC hysteresis on the coupled unsaturated infiltration and deformation are discussed. Laboratory testing of rainfall-induced landslides is performed to study the developing process of landslide upon rainfall infiltration. The results provide a better understanding of rainfall-induced landslides.
Hydro: The Decline and Fall of Ontario's Electric Empire
by Jamie Swift Keith Stewart“Nothing is going to go wrong.” -Mike Harris, 2001 Privatization of power soon became one of the biggest political disasters in Ontario history. Hydro reveals a train wreck that was decades in the making. First there was blind faith in the nuclear option, steeped in ecological arrogance. Then came the promise of marketplace magic. Jamie Swift and Keith Stewart tell the tale of how it unfolded. It’s a dramatic story of the greed, intrigue, and resistance that led to the dismantling of Canada’s largest crown corporation. A crucial part of the story is how Ontario ignored thirty years of green arguments for conservation and renewable energy. Based on interviews with former premiers, Hydro insiders, and grassroots activists, Hydro will intrigue anyone wondering how to keep the lights on without frying the planet.
Hydrocarbon Hucksters: Lessons from Louisiana on Oil, Politics, and Environmental Justice
by Ernest Zebrowski Mariah Zebrowski LeachHydrocarbon Hucksters is the saga of the oil industry's takeover of Louisiana—its leaders, its laws, its environment, and, by rechanneling the flow of public information, its voters. It is a chronicle of mindboggling scientific and technical triumphs sharing the same public stew with myths about the “goodness” of oil and bald-faced public lies by politicians and the captains of industry. It is a story of money and power, greed and corruption, jingoism and exploitation, pollution and disease, and the bewilderment and resignation of too many of the powerless. Most importantly, Hydrocarbon Hucksters is a case study of what happens when a state uncritically hands the oil and petrochemical industries everything they desire. Today, Louisiana ranks at or near the bottom of the fifty states on virtually every measure related to the quality of life—income, health, education, environment, public services, public safety, physical infrastructure, and vulnerability to disasters (both natural and man-made). Nor, contrary to the claims of the hydrocarbon sector, has there been much in the way of job creation to offset all of this social grief. The authors (one a scientist, the other an environmental lawyer) have woven together the science, legal history, economic issues, and national and global contexts of what has happened. Their objective is to raise enough national awareness to prevent other parts of the United States from repeating Louisiana's historical follies. The authors are uncle and niece, a generation apart, who have melded their conclusions from two separate tracks.
Hydrocarbon Nation: How Energy Security Made Our Nation Great and Climate Security Will Save Us (The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science #133)
by Thor HoganUnderstanding the complex history of US fossil fuel use can help us build a sustainable future.In Hydrocarbon Nation, Thor Hogan looks at how four technological revolutions—industrial, agricultural, transportation, and electrification—drew upon the enormous hydrocarbon wealth of the United States, transforming the young country into a nation with unparalleled economic and military potential. Each of these advances engendered new government policies aimed at strengthening national and economic security. The result was unprecedented energy security and the creation of a nation nearly impervious to outside threats. However, when this position weakened in the decades after the peaking of domestic conventional oil supplies in 1970, the American political and economic systems were severely debilitated. At the same time, climate change was becoming a major concern. Fossil fuels created the modern world, yet burning them created a climate crisis. Hogan argues that everyday Americans and policymakers alike must embrace the complexity of this contradiction in order to help society chart a path forward. Doing so, Hogan explains, will allow us to launch a critically important sustainability revolution capable of providing energy and climate security in the future. Hydrocarbon Nation provides reasons to believe that we can succeed in expanding on the benefits of the Hydrocarbon Age in order to build a sustainable future.
Hydrodynamic Control of Wave Energy Devices
by Umesh A. Korde John V. RingwoodWith this self-contained and comprehensive text, students and researchers will gain a detailed understanding of the fundamental aspects of the hydrodynamic control of wave energy converters. Such control is necessary to maximise energy capture for a given device configuration and plays a major role in efforts to make wave energy economic. Covering a wide range of disciplines, the reader is taken from the mathematical and technical fundamentals, through the main pillars of wave energy hydrodynamic control, right through to state-of-the-art algorithms for hydrodynamic control. The various operating principles of wave energy converters are exposed and the unique aspects of the hydrodynamic control problem highlighted, with a variety of potential solutions discussed. Supporting material on wave forecasting and the interaction of the hydrodynamic control problem with other aspects of wave energy device optimisation, such as device geometry optimisation and optimal device array layout, is also provided.
Hydrodynamics of Time-Periodic Groundwater Flow: Diffusion Waves in Porous Media
by Joe S. Depner Todd C. RasmussenHydrodynamics of Time-Periodic Groundwater Flow introduces the emerging topic of periodic fluctuations in groundwater. While classical hydrology has often focused on steady flow conditions, many systems display periodic behavior due to tidal, seasonal, annual, and human influences. Describing and quantifying subsurface hydraulic responses to these influences may be challenging to those who are unfamiliar with periodically forced groundwater systems. The goal of this volume is to present a clear and accessible mathematical introduction to the basic and advanced theory of time-periodic groundwater flow, which is essential for developing a comprehensive knowledge of groundwater hydraulics and groundwater hydrology. <p><p> Hydrodynamics of Time-Periodic Groundwater Flow presents numerous examples and exercises to reinforce the essential elements of the theoretical development, and thus is eminently well suited for self-directed study by undergraduate and graduate students. This volume will be a valuable resource for professionals in Earth and environmental sciences who develop groundwater models, including in the fields of groundwater hydrology, soil physics, hydrogeology, geoscience, geophysics, and geochemistry. Time-periodic phenomena are also encountered in fields other than groundwater flow, such as electronics, heat transport, and chemical diffusion. Thus, students and professionals in the field of chemistry, electronic engineering, and physics will also find this book useful.
Hydrodynamik
by Georg WolschinDieses Buch stellt ausgehend von der Kontinuitätsgleichung, den Eulergleichungen und der Adiabatengleichung zunächst die Hydrodynamik idealer Fluide dar. Die Behandlung von viskosen Fluiden und den entsprechend modifizierten Grundgleichungen erfolgt über die Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen und die Wärmetransportgleichung, welche die Energiedissipation in realen Fluiden beschreiben. Außerdem werden Diffusionsprozesse in inhomogenen Fluiden und bei der Brown’schen Bewegung untersucht. Diffusion spielt auch bei der Teilchenerzeugung in relativistischen Kollisionen von Bleikernen am LHC eine wichtige Rolle. Eine Lorentz-invariante relativistische Formulierung der Hydrodynamik wird ebenfalls präsentiert. Kapitel über Anwendungen der Hydrodynamik in der Astrophysik und auf Superfluide wie Helium bei tiefen Temperaturen runden diese Einführung in ein breites und modernes Forschungsgebiet ab. Die Neuauflage enthält zusätzlich ein Kapitel über nichtlineare Diffusionsprozesse in fermionischen und bosonischen Systemen mit ihrer Anwendung auf die Bildung von Bose-Einstein-Kondensaten bei niedrigen Energien und Temperaturen sowie auf die lokale Equilibrierung von Quarks und Gluonen in Schwerionenkollisionen bei hohen relativistischen Energien. Testaufgaben am Ende des Buchs motivieren den Leser, sich den Stoff aktiv anzueignen. Der Autor liefert mit diesem Werk eine kurze Einführung für Physikstudierende in die Hydrodynamik. Doch auch Promovierende und Wissenschaftler finden in den fortgeschrittenen Teilen eine gute Hinführung zu aktuellen Forschungsfragestellungen.
Hydroelectric Power: Power From Moving Water
by Marguerite RodgerHarnessing energy from water provides clean, available power that does not release harmful chemicals or carbons into the air. This interesting book explains how hydro turbines, transformers, and power lines work to bring light to the world and gives tips on how to conserve electricity and become more environmentally conscious.
Hydrogen Energy: Economic and Social Challenges
by Paul EkinsHydrogen could be a significant fuel of the future, with the potential to make a major contribution to the resolution of pressing social and environmental problems such as carbon emissions, energy security and local air pollution. This book, based on four years of detailed research, subjects the promise and potential of hydrogen to searching, in-depth socio-economic analysis. It discusses the different technologies for the production, distribution, storage and use of hydrogen, and analyses the economics of these technologies and their current market prospects. It also describes various experiences with aspects of a hydrogen economy in two parts of the world - the UK and Canada - and then assesses the nature of different hydrogen futures that might develop depending on how the technology, economics, social acceptance and policy frameworks play out in different contexts. The book ends by setting out the policy drivers and levers which could stimulate a virtuous circle of research and development, innovation and investment that might ultimately generate a sustainable hydrogen economy. This is essential reading for economists, engineers, business leaders, investors, policy makers, researchers and students who are interested in the future of the energy system and the part that hydrogen might play in it.
Hydrogeochemical Evaluation and Groundwater Quality
by Md. Shajedul IslamThis book comprehensively discusses the methods and practices for evaluating geochemical processes in aquifer groundwater. Possible occurrence and mechanisms of rock-water interaction, trace metal mobilization, thermodynamic explanation, actions of aquifer CO2, pollution sources, geogenic influencing factors, and isotope dilution methods are the primary areas of focus. These water quality variables are analyzed using a variety of logical/theoretical explanations, statistical techniques, and experimental procedures to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and other industrial purposes. The work is an important addition to hydrogeochemical literature since many existing indexing methods for the assessment of water quality are very old and have some degree of limitation. The book will be a useful resource for students, lecturers, and researchers working in the fields of hydrogeochemistry, hydrology, water pollution, and groundwater quality.
Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems
by Sughosh MadhavHydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems Discover the geological foundation of global water supply, focusing on resource conservation and restoration Hydrogeochemistry explores the connections between the geology of a region and the chemical characteristics and quality of its water sources, including such factors as erosion, evaporation, and, increasingly, man-made activities. With the emergence of climate change as a major factor reshaping water quality and availability, the need to understand interactions between hydrochemistry and geology has never been greater. Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems meets this need by offering foundational knowledge about the hydrochemistry of different types of aquatic systems, the nature of their interactions with various pollutants and geological processes, and the possibilities and dangers of human intervention. With a particular focus on aqueous resource conservation and restoration, this is a vital, timely guide to a potentially life-saving subject. Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems readers will also find: Detailed treatment of water-sediment interactions, arsenic and fluoride enrichment, sand mining, and many other subjects Coverage throughout of solute acquisition processes, the carbon cycle, and nutrient geochemistry Case studies from Asia and Africa demonstrating both natural and anthropogenic hydrogeochemical interactions Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems is indispensable for professionals and researchers in environmental science and environmental engineering, as well as scholars and advanced graduate students working on aquatic ecosystems or effects of climate change.
Hydrogeological Hazard Susceptibility and Community Risk Perception in Rwanda: A Case Study of Floods and Landslides
by Lanhai Li Richard Mind’jeThis book employs qualitative and quantitative methods to assess and scrutinize the impacts of climatic, topographic, land use, hydrologic and geologic factors on the hydrogeological disasters particularly flood and landslide in Rwanda. The hydrogeological hazard susceptibility and its spatial distribution is also mapped by integrating geospatial techniques and mathematical modeling approach through remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). On the other hand, questionnaires and interview are used to evaluate the community's perception on the risk of hazards. The results unveiled different zones most susceptible to the incidence of both hazards as well as their main contributing factors. Furthermore, the results revealed that the government is perceived as responsible for all mitigation measures instead of being a shared responsibility, a perception that may also contribute to the increase in susceptibility. Therefore, it is necessary to deliver the extent of disaster-related courses and trainings in both schools (from primary to tertiary level) and local community members, which helps improving the public's awareness, understanding and ability by providing a new perspective toward disaster prevention and reduction. The book provides a reference for interested readers to understand the natural and human geography of Rwanda, the distribution of hydrogeological disasters, and the policy-making of disaster prevention and reduction.
Hydrogeological Instability in Cohesive Soils: Techniques For Prediction, Prevention And Control
by Luigi CoppolaThis book discusses techniques for predicting, preventing and controlling the hydrogeological instability of slopes consisting of cohesive soils. The proposed methodology is practical and innovative, and assumes a dynamic valence in defining the deformation process of underground failure as well as its activation through the assumption of a four-dimensional space-time continuum. This latter aspect is crucial for predicting a landslide in time to control it. At present, predicting, preventing and controlling hydrogeological instability in cohesive soils relies on mathematical modelling using specific software, the predictive reliability of which is rather deficient. Such modelling is based upon deterministic processes, which are entirely unsuitable for dealing with the complexity of vital processes occurring during the genesis of a landslide. In this work, the three-dimensional vision of a landslide as a set of distinct and independent phenomena is abandoned and the prediction and prevention of hydrogeological instability is pursued through the alternative of an indivisible totality of natural phenomena that includes the time factor. The book is of interest to graduates and researchers of applied geology, geotechnical, environmental and civil engineering, as well as professionals in the fields of hydrogeology and natural hazards.
Hydrogeology of Plains
by Miguel AugeThis book describes essential methods for evaluating groundwater vulnerability to contamination. It analyzes the chemical and dynamic properties of groundwater in detail and proposes the use of cartography to elucidate underground hydrodynamic behavior and scale classification. Supplemented by color illustrations, figures and tables, as well as a comprehensive bibliography for further research on specific issues, the book studies groundwater behavior in different types of plains, such as alluvial, deltaic, piedmont, intermountain and marine, and suggests a methodology for hydrogeological studies.
Hydrogeology of a Large Oil-and-Gas Basin in Central Patagonia
by Mario Alberto Hernández Nilda González Lisandro HernándezThis book analyzes the most important geohydrological aspects of the San Jorge Gulf Basin (Chubut and Santa Cruz provinces, Argentine Patagonia), with a particular focus on the physical and hydrodynamic characteristics of the system. Discovered in 1907, the San Jorge Gulf Basin was the first petroleum and gas-producing basin in Argentina. It is also one of the most important areas with real prospects for non-conventional exploitation (shale oil-gas). After characterizing the hydroclimatic background (hydrometeorological parameters and water balance), the book describes the main physical aspects: geomorphology, soils and surface as well as subsoil geology, especially lithology, structures, stratigraphy and hydrogeology.
Hydrogeology: Groundwater Science and Engineering
by Alain DassarguesThis text combines the science and engineering of hydrogeology in an accessible, innovative style. As well as providing physical descriptions and characterisations of hydrogeological processes, it also sets out the corresponding mathematical equations for groundwater flow and solute/heat transport calculations. And, within this, the methodological and conceptual aspects for flow and contaminant transport modelling are discussed in detail. This comprehensive analysis forms the ideal textbook for graduate and undergraduate students interested in groundwater resources and engineering, and indeed its analyses can apply to researchers and professionals involved in the area.
Hydrogeology: Introduction To Applied Hydrogeology (Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment)
by Bernward Hölting Wilhelm G. ColdeweyThis textbook provides a complete introduction to Hydrogeology. It is a comprehensive reference for earth science professionals involved in groundwater exploitation as well as for geotechnical engineers. This English translation of the German textbook "Hydrogeologie" by Hölting & Coldewey, which has been published in its 8th edition, provides insights into the sources and reservoirs of groundwater, the dynamics of fluid flow, and the physical and chemical composition of groundwater. It also gives an overview about the economic value of groundwater and its exploitation and use. A consistent use of the internationally accepted SI units as well as the formula symbols in the text contributes to the understandability.