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Hydro-mechanical Analysis of Rainfall-Induced Landslides
by Xu Li Lizhou Wu Runqiu HuangMost landslides are triggered by rainfall. In previous studies, slope stability is often evaluated based on the infiltration analysis. Hydro-mechanical coupling is significant to rainfall-caused landslide evolution. This book covers theoretical models of unsaturated infiltration, and provides hydro-mechanical models for rainfall-induced landslides. The influences of rainfall patterns, boundary conditions, layered structures, and SWCC hysteresis on the coupled unsaturated infiltration and deformation are discussed. Laboratory testing of rainfall-induced landslides is performed to study the developing process of landslide upon rainfall infiltration. The results provide a better understanding of rainfall-induced landslides.
Hydro: The Decline and Fall of Ontario's Electric Empire
by Jamie Swift Keith Stewart“Nothing is going to go wrong.” -Mike Harris, 2001 Privatization of power soon became one of the biggest political disasters in Ontario history. Hydro reveals a train wreck that was decades in the making. First there was blind faith in the nuclear option, steeped in ecological arrogance. Then came the promise of marketplace magic. Jamie Swift and Keith Stewart tell the tale of how it unfolded. It’s a dramatic story of the greed, intrigue, and resistance that led to the dismantling of Canada’s largest crown corporation. A crucial part of the story is how Ontario ignored thirty years of green arguments for conservation and renewable energy. Based on interviews with former premiers, Hydro insiders, and grassroots activists, Hydro will intrigue anyone wondering how to keep the lights on without frying the planet.
Hydrocarbon Hucksters: Lessons from Louisiana on Oil, Politics, and Environmental Justice
by Ernest Zebrowski Mariah Zebrowski LeachHydrocarbon Hucksters is the saga of the oil industry's takeover of Louisiana—its leaders, its laws, its environment, and, by rechanneling the flow of public information, its voters. It is a chronicle of mindboggling scientific and technical triumphs sharing the same public stew with myths about the “goodness” of oil and bald-faced public lies by politicians and the captains of industry. It is a story of money and power, greed and corruption, jingoism and exploitation, pollution and disease, and the bewilderment and resignation of too many of the powerless. Most importantly, Hydrocarbon Hucksters is a case study of what happens when a state uncritically hands the oil and petrochemical industries everything they desire. Today, Louisiana ranks at or near the bottom of the fifty states on virtually every measure related to the quality of life—income, health, education, environment, public services, public safety, physical infrastructure, and vulnerability to disasters (both natural and man-made). Nor, contrary to the claims of the hydrocarbon sector, has there been much in the way of job creation to offset all of this social grief. The authors (one a scientist, the other an environmental lawyer) have woven together the science, legal history, economic issues, and national and global contexts of what has happened. Their objective is to raise enough national awareness to prevent other parts of the United States from repeating Louisiana's historical follies. The authors are uncle and niece, a generation apart, who have melded their conclusions from two separate tracks.
Hydrocarbon Nation: How Energy Security Made Our Nation Great and Climate Security Will Save Us (The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science #133)
by Thor HoganUnderstanding the complex history of US fossil fuel use can help us build a sustainable future.In Hydrocarbon Nation, Thor Hogan looks at how four technological revolutions—industrial, agricultural, transportation, and electrification—drew upon the enormous hydrocarbon wealth of the United States, transforming the young country into a nation with unparalleled economic and military potential. Each of these advances engendered new government policies aimed at strengthening national and economic security. The result was unprecedented energy security and the creation of a nation nearly impervious to outside threats. However, when this position weakened in the decades after the peaking of domestic conventional oil supplies in 1970, the American political and economic systems were severely debilitated. At the same time, climate change was becoming a major concern. Fossil fuels created the modern world, yet burning them created a climate crisis. Hogan argues that everyday Americans and policymakers alike must embrace the complexity of this contradiction in order to help society chart a path forward. Doing so, Hogan explains, will allow us to launch a critically important sustainability revolution capable of providing energy and climate security in the future. Hydrocarbon Nation provides reasons to believe that we can succeed in expanding on the benefits of the Hydrocarbon Age in order to build a sustainable future.
Hydrodynamic Control of Wave Energy Devices
by Umesh A. Korde John V. RingwoodWith this self-contained and comprehensive text, students and researchers will gain a detailed understanding of the fundamental aspects of the hydrodynamic control of wave energy converters. Such control is necessary to maximise energy capture for a given device configuration and plays a major role in efforts to make wave energy economic. Covering a wide range of disciplines, the reader is taken from the mathematical and technical fundamentals, through the main pillars of wave energy hydrodynamic control, right through to state-of-the-art algorithms for hydrodynamic control. The various operating principles of wave energy converters are exposed and the unique aspects of the hydrodynamic control problem highlighted, with a variety of potential solutions discussed. Supporting material on wave forecasting and the interaction of the hydrodynamic control problem with other aspects of wave energy device optimisation, such as device geometry optimisation and optimal device array layout, is also provided.
Hydrodynamics of Time-Periodic Groundwater Flow: Diffusion Waves in Porous Media
by Joe S. Depner Todd C. RasmussenHydrodynamics of Time-Periodic Groundwater Flow introduces the emerging topic of periodic fluctuations in groundwater. While classical hydrology has often focused on steady flow conditions, many systems display periodic behavior due to tidal, seasonal, annual, and human influences. Describing and quantifying subsurface hydraulic responses to these influences may be challenging to those who are unfamiliar with periodically forced groundwater systems. The goal of this volume is to present a clear and accessible mathematical introduction to the basic and advanced theory of time-periodic groundwater flow, which is essential for developing a comprehensive knowledge of groundwater hydraulics and groundwater hydrology. <p><p> Hydrodynamics of Time-Periodic Groundwater Flow presents numerous examples and exercises to reinforce the essential elements of the theoretical development, and thus is eminently well suited for self-directed study by undergraduate and graduate students. This volume will be a valuable resource for professionals in Earth and environmental sciences who develop groundwater models, including in the fields of groundwater hydrology, soil physics, hydrogeology, geoscience, geophysics, and geochemistry. Time-periodic phenomena are also encountered in fields other than groundwater flow, such as electronics, heat transport, and chemical diffusion. Thus, students and professionals in the field of chemistry, electronic engineering, and physics will also find this book useful.
Hydrodynamik
by Georg WolschinDieses Buch stellt ausgehend von der Kontinuitätsgleichung, den Eulergleichungen und der Adiabatengleichung zunächst die Hydrodynamik idealer Fluide dar. Die Behandlung von viskosen Fluiden und den entsprechend modifizierten Grundgleichungen erfolgt über die Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen und die Wärmetransportgleichung, welche die Energiedissipation in realen Fluiden beschreiben. Außerdem werden Diffusionsprozesse in inhomogenen Fluiden und bei der Brown’schen Bewegung untersucht. Diffusion spielt auch bei der Teilchenerzeugung in relativistischen Kollisionen von Bleikernen am LHC eine wichtige Rolle. Eine Lorentz-invariante relativistische Formulierung der Hydrodynamik wird ebenfalls präsentiert. Kapitel über Anwendungen der Hydrodynamik in der Astrophysik und auf Superfluide wie Helium bei tiefen Temperaturen runden diese Einführung in ein breites und modernes Forschungsgebiet ab. Die Neuauflage enthält zusätzlich ein Kapitel über nichtlineare Diffusionsprozesse in fermionischen und bosonischen Systemen mit ihrer Anwendung auf die Bildung von Bose-Einstein-Kondensaten bei niedrigen Energien und Temperaturen sowie auf die lokale Equilibrierung von Quarks und Gluonen in Schwerionenkollisionen bei hohen relativistischen Energien. Testaufgaben am Ende des Buchs motivieren den Leser, sich den Stoff aktiv anzueignen. Der Autor liefert mit diesem Werk eine kurze Einführung für Physikstudierende in die Hydrodynamik. Doch auch Promovierende und Wissenschaftler finden in den fortgeschrittenen Teilen eine gute Hinführung zu aktuellen Forschungsfragestellungen.
Hydroelectric Power: Power From Moving Water
by Marguerite RodgerHarnessing energy from water provides clean, available power that does not release harmful chemicals or carbons into the air. This interesting book explains how hydro turbines, transformers, and power lines work to bring light to the world and gives tips on how to conserve electricity and become more environmentally conscious.
Hydrogen Energy: Economic and Social Challenges
by Paul EkinsHydrogen could be a significant fuel of the future, with the potential to make a major contribution to the resolution of pressing social and environmental problems such as carbon emissions, energy security and local air pollution. This book, based on four years of detailed research, subjects the promise and potential of hydrogen to searching, in-depth socio-economic analysis. It discusses the different technologies for the production, distribution, storage and use of hydrogen, and analyses the economics of these technologies and their current market prospects. It also describes various experiences with aspects of a hydrogen economy in two parts of the world - the UK and Canada - and then assesses the nature of different hydrogen futures that might develop depending on how the technology, economics, social acceptance and policy frameworks play out in different contexts. The book ends by setting out the policy drivers and levers which could stimulate a virtuous circle of research and development, innovation and investment that might ultimately generate a sustainable hydrogen economy. This is essential reading for economists, engineers, business leaders, investors, policy makers, researchers and students who are interested in the future of the energy system and the part that hydrogen might play in it.
Hydrogeochemical Evaluation and Groundwater Quality
by Md. Shajedul IslamThis book comprehensively discusses the methods and practices for evaluating geochemical processes in aquifer groundwater. Possible occurrence and mechanisms of rock-water interaction, trace metal mobilization, thermodynamic explanation, actions of aquifer CO2, pollution sources, geogenic influencing factors, and isotope dilution methods are the primary areas of focus. These water quality variables are analyzed using a variety of logical/theoretical explanations, statistical techniques, and experimental procedures to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and other industrial purposes. The work is an important addition to hydrogeochemical literature since many existing indexing methods for the assessment of water quality are very old and have some degree of limitation. The book will be a useful resource for students, lecturers, and researchers working in the fields of hydrogeochemistry, hydrology, water pollution, and groundwater quality.
Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems
by Sughosh MadhavHydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems Discover the geological foundation of global water supply, focusing on resource conservation and restoration Hydrogeochemistry explores the connections between the geology of a region and the chemical characteristics and quality of its water sources, including such factors as erosion, evaporation, and, increasingly, man-made activities. With the emergence of climate change as a major factor reshaping water quality and availability, the need to understand interactions between hydrochemistry and geology has never been greater. Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems meets this need by offering foundational knowledge about the hydrochemistry of different types of aquatic systems, the nature of their interactions with various pollutants and geological processes, and the possibilities and dangers of human intervention. With a particular focus on aqueous resource conservation and restoration, this is a vital, timely guide to a potentially life-saving subject. Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems readers will also find: Detailed treatment of water-sediment interactions, arsenic and fluoride enrichment, sand mining, and many other subjects Coverage throughout of solute acquisition processes, the carbon cycle, and nutrient geochemistry Case studies from Asia and Africa demonstrating both natural and anthropogenic hydrogeochemical interactions Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems is indispensable for professionals and researchers in environmental science and environmental engineering, as well as scholars and advanced graduate students working on aquatic ecosystems or effects of climate change.
Hydrogeological Hazard Susceptibility and Community Risk Perception in Rwanda: A Case Study of Floods and Landslides
by Lanhai Li Richard Mind’jeThis book employs qualitative and quantitative methods to assess and scrutinize the impacts of climatic, topographic, land use, hydrologic and geologic factors on the hydrogeological disasters particularly flood and landslide in Rwanda. The hydrogeological hazard susceptibility and its spatial distribution is also mapped by integrating geospatial techniques and mathematical modeling approach through remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). On the other hand, questionnaires and interview are used to evaluate the community's perception on the risk of hazards. The results unveiled different zones most susceptible to the incidence of both hazards as well as their main contributing factors. Furthermore, the results revealed that the government is perceived as responsible for all mitigation measures instead of being a shared responsibility, a perception that may also contribute to the increase in susceptibility. Therefore, it is necessary to deliver the extent of disaster-related courses and trainings in both schools (from primary to tertiary level) and local community members, which helps improving the public's awareness, understanding and ability by providing a new perspective toward disaster prevention and reduction. The book provides a reference for interested readers to understand the natural and human geography of Rwanda, the distribution of hydrogeological disasters, and the policy-making of disaster prevention and reduction.
Hydrogeological Instability in Cohesive Soils: Techniques For Prediction, Prevention And Control
by Luigi CoppolaThis book discusses techniques for predicting, preventing and controlling the hydrogeological instability of slopes consisting of cohesive soils. The proposed methodology is practical and innovative, and assumes a dynamic valence in defining the deformation process of underground failure as well as its activation through the assumption of a four-dimensional space-time continuum. This latter aspect is crucial for predicting a landslide in time to control it. At present, predicting, preventing and controlling hydrogeological instability in cohesive soils relies on mathematical modelling using specific software, the predictive reliability of which is rather deficient. Such modelling is based upon deterministic processes, which are entirely unsuitable for dealing with the complexity of vital processes occurring during the genesis of a landslide. In this work, the three-dimensional vision of a landslide as a set of distinct and independent phenomena is abandoned and the prediction and prevention of hydrogeological instability is pursued through the alternative of an indivisible totality of natural phenomena that includes the time factor. The book is of interest to graduates and researchers of applied geology, geotechnical, environmental and civil engineering, as well as professionals in the fields of hydrogeology and natural hazards.
Hydrogeology of Plains
by Miguel AugeThis book describes essential methods for evaluating groundwater vulnerability to contamination. It analyzes the chemical and dynamic properties of groundwater in detail and proposes the use of cartography to elucidate underground hydrodynamic behavior and scale classification. Supplemented by color illustrations, figures and tables, as well as a comprehensive bibliography for further research on specific issues, the book studies groundwater behavior in different types of plains, such as alluvial, deltaic, piedmont, intermountain and marine, and suggests a methodology for hydrogeological studies.
Hydrogeology of a Large Oil-and-Gas Basin in Central Patagonia
by Mario Alberto Hernández Nilda González Lisandro HernándezThis book analyzes the most important geohydrological aspects of the San Jorge Gulf Basin (Chubut and Santa Cruz provinces, Argentine Patagonia), with a particular focus on the physical and hydrodynamic characteristics of the system. Discovered in 1907, the San Jorge Gulf Basin was the first petroleum and gas-producing basin in Argentina. It is also one of the most important areas with real prospects for non-conventional exploitation (shale oil-gas). After characterizing the hydroclimatic background (hydrometeorological parameters and water balance), the book describes the main physical aspects: geomorphology, soils and surface as well as subsoil geology, especially lithology, structures, stratigraphy and hydrogeology.
Hydrogeology: Groundwater Science and Engineering
by Alain DassarguesThis text combines the science and engineering of hydrogeology in an accessible, innovative style. As well as providing physical descriptions and characterisations of hydrogeological processes, it also sets out the corresponding mathematical equations for groundwater flow and solute/heat transport calculations. And, within this, the methodological and conceptual aspects for flow and contaminant transport modelling are discussed in detail. This comprehensive analysis forms the ideal textbook for graduate and undergraduate students interested in groundwater resources and engineering, and indeed its analyses can apply to researchers and professionals involved in the area.
Hydrogeology: Introduction To Applied Hydrogeology (Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment)
by Bernward Hölting Wilhelm G. ColdeweyThis textbook provides a complete introduction to Hydrogeology. It is a comprehensive reference for earth science professionals involved in groundwater exploitation as well as for geotechnical engineers. This English translation of the German textbook "Hydrogeologie" by Hölting & Coldewey, which has been published in its 8th edition, provides insights into the sources and reservoirs of groundwater, the dynamics of fluid flow, and the physical and chemical composition of groundwater. It also gives an overview about the economic value of groundwater and its exploitation and use. A consistent use of the internationally accepted SI units as well as the formula symbols in the text contributes to the understandability.
Hydrogeology: Principles and Practice
by Kevin M. Hiscock Victor F. BenseHydrogeology: Principles and Practice provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of hydrogeology to enable the reader to appreciate the significance of groundwater in meeting current and future water resource challenges. This new edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect advances in the field since 2004. The book presents a systematic approach to understanding groundwater. Earlier chapters explain the fundamental physical and chemical principles of hydrogeology, and later chapters feature groundwater investigation techniques in the context of catchment processes, as well as chapters on groundwater quality and contaminant hydrogeology. Unique features of the book are chapters on the applications of environmental isotopes and noble gases in the interpretation of aquifer evolution, and on regional characteristics such as topography, compaction and variable fluid density in the explanation of geological processes affecting past, present and future groundwater flow regimes. The last chapter discusses groundwater resources and environmental management, and examines the role of groundwater in integrated river basin management, including an assessment of possible adaptation responses to the impacts of climate change. Throughout the text, boxes and a set of colour plates drawn from the authors’ teaching and research experience are used to explain special topics and to illustrate international case studies ranging from transboundary aquifers and submarine groundwater discharge to the over-pressuring of groundwater in sedimentary basins. The appendices provide conversion tables and useful reference material, and include review questions and exercises, with answers, to help develop the reader’s knowledge and problem-solving skills in hydrogeology. This accessible textbook is essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students primarily in earth sciences, environmental sciences and physical geography with an interest in hydrogeology or groundwater science. The book will also find use among practitioners in hydrogeology, soil science, civil engineering and planning who are involved in environmental and resource protection issues requiring an understanding of groundwater. Additional resources can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/hiscock/hydrogeology
Hydrography and Navigation on the Congo River: A Century of Visual History
by Paul Van PulIn a time without GPS and echosounder, European engineers and black labourers worked for decades to get a better understanding of the nautical intricacies of the Congo River. This is the first comprehensive story, in text and custom-made maps, of the, in flow, second largest river in the world. We follow the earliest explorers mapping the river, the expeditions to find an alternative access to the ocean and the first land and hydraulic surveys to improve navigation. The constant movement of shallows and islands keeps the guardians of the river constantly on their toes. Over the years, better technologies on all fronts improved safety, data collection and fairway maintenance. In conclusion, the author describes a proposal to develop a 21st container port that would rival any port facilities on the African west coast.
Hydrohumanities: Water Discourse and Environmental Futures
by Kim De Wolff, Rina C. Faletti and Ignacio López-CalvoA free open access ebook is available upon publication. Learn more at www.luminosoa.org. Discourse about water and power in the modern era have largely focused on human power over water: who gets to own and control a limited resource that has incredible economic potential. As a result, discussion of water, even in the humanities, has traditionally focused on fresh water for human use. Today, climate extremes from drought to flooding are forcing humanities scholars to reimagine water discourse. This volume exemplifies how interdisciplinary cultural approaches can transform water conversations. The manuscript is organized into three emergent themes in water studies: agency of water, fluid identities, and cultural currencies. The first section deals with the properties of water and the ways in which water challenges human plans for control. The second section explores how water (or lack of it) shapes human collective and individual identities. The third engages notions of value and circulation to think about how water has been managed and employed for local, national, and international gains. Contributions come from preeminent as well as emerging voices across humanities fields including history, art history, philosophy, and science and technology studies. Part of a bigger goal for shaping the environmental humanities, the book broadens the concept of water to include not just water in oceans and rivers but also in pipes, ice floes, marshes, bottles, dams, and more. Each piece shows how humanities scholarship has world-changing potential to achieve more just water futures.
Hydroids of the Pacific Coast of Canada and the United States
by Charles McLean FraserHydroids of the Pacific Coast of Canada and the United States is an attempt to give a brief description, with figures, of every hydroid species known to occur along the Pacific Coast of Canada and the United States, together with its distribution within this area. It is intended to provide the Pacific zoologist with a reference, easily understood, to every species of hydroid reported from the coast. Keys to families, genera, and species have been included to facilitate diagnosis. Much of the information presented has already been published, but in widely scattered papers, some of them long out of print. The new contribution is largely in the extensive addition to the distribution records, for which many thousands of specimens have been examined.
Hydrologic Hazards Science at the U.S. Geological Survey
by Committee on U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources ResearchA report on the Hydrologic Hazards Science at the U.S. Geological Survey
Hydrologic Measurements with Flexible Liners and Other Applications
by Carl KellerThis book provides hydrologists the information needed for the characterization of contaminated subsurface hydrologic sites. It explains how to seal boreholes, map contaminant distribution in a formation, map the flow zones, and measure the hydraulic head distribution through a single flexible liner. Results of the measurement methods provided demonstrate the reality and reliability of the unique FLUTe techniques. These measurements help to predict contaminant migration and aid in the design of a groundwater remedy. The limitations of several methods are provided to allow an intelligent choice of methods and a well-informed selection of devices among the alternative methods. The mechanics of flexible liner systems are explained with examples of applications beyond the hydrologic measurements such as relining of piping. Features include: The first book on a modern technology that is replacing traditional technology globally Written by the inventor of the FLUTe technology with 25 years’ experience with successful applications Describes FLUTe technology in detail, including the theory behind the tools, how to use the tools, and the mathematics used to interpret the data generated by the tools Provides step-by-step explanations of how to conduct fieldwork and how to analyze the data gathered Minimizes reliance on mathematical explanations and uses illustrations and examples that allow readers to understand the technology This book is of interest to environmental professionals, mine operators, petroleum engineers, geophysicists who use these methods or are considering using these methods for remediation of groundwater contamination, academics, students, and regulators.
Hydrologic Modeling
by Vijay P Singh Shalini Yadav Ram Narayan YadavaThis book contains seven parts. The first part deals with some aspects of rainfall analysis, including rainfall probability distribution, local rainfall interception, and analysis for reservoir release. Part 2 is on evapotranspiration and discusses development of neural network models, errors, and sensitivity. Part 3 focuses on various aspects of urban runoff, including hydrologic impacts, storm water management, and drainage systems. Part 4 deals with soil erosion and sediment, covering mineralogical composition, geostatistical analysis, land use impacts, and land use mapping. Part 5 treats remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) applications to different hydrologic problems. Watershed runoff and floods are discussed in Part 6, encompassing hydraulic, experimental, and theoretical aspects. Water modeling constitutes the concluding Part 7. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Xinanjiang, and Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) models are discussed. The book is of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of water resources, hydrology, environmental resources, agricultural engineering, watershed management, earth sciences, as well as those engaged in natural resources planning and management. Graduate students and those wishing to conduct further research in water and environment and their development and management find the book to be of value.
Hydrologic Remote Sensing: Capacity Building for Sustainability and Resilience
by Yu Zhang Yang Hong Sadiq Ibrahim KhanEnvironmental remote sensing plays a critical role in observing key hydrological components such as precipitation, soil moisture, evapotranspiration and total water storage on a global scale. As water security is one of the most critical issues in the world, satellite remote sensing techniques are of particular importance for emerging regions which have inadequate in-situ gauge observations. This book reviews multiple remote sensing observations, the application of remote sensing in hydrological modeling, data assimilation and hydrological capacity building in emerging regions.