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Increasing Resilience to Climate Variability and Change
by Cecilia TortajadaThis book highlights the role that both infrastructure and governance play in the context of resilience and adaptation to climate variability and change. Eleven case studies analyze in-depth impacts of extreme events in projects, basins and regions in the Arid Americas (Unites States and Mexico), Australia, Brazil, China, Egypt, France, Nepal, Mexico, Pakistan, Turkey and South Africa. They discuss the importance of infrastructure (mainly reservoirs) in adaptation strategies, how planning and management aspects should improve in response to changing climatic, economic, social and environmental situations and what the management, institutional and financial challenges would be for their implementation. Governance aspects (policies, institutions and decision making) and technical and knowledge limitations are a substantial part of the analyses. The case studies argue that reservoirs are essential to build resilience contributing to adaptation to climate variability and change. However, that for them to be effective, they need to be planned and managed within a governance framework that considers long-term perspectives and multi-sector and multi-level actor needs and perspectives.
Independent Evaluation of IFC's Development Results 2009
by Independent Evaluation Group, IFCThe 'Independent Evaluation of IFC's Development Results 2009' assesses the development outcomes and additionality (unique role and contribution) of IFC interventions. It analyzes factors driving results, and reviews performance patterns on a thematic topic. This year's thematic is IFC's Advisory Services (AS)-knowledge services that IFC provides to either private companies or governments in support of private sector development. The report's main findings are: Investment Services results improved overall. Performance was especially strong in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Most operations were implemented prior to the crisis and thus results do not yet reflect the deterioration in global economic conditions. In terms of results, 70 percent of reviewed AS operations achieved high development ratings. Performance has been strongest in ECA and weakest in LAC. Results were significantly better for infrastructure, business enabling environment, and corporate advice operations and weaker in the case of environmental and social sustainability Key drivers of AS performance have been: client commitment; programmatic approaches; IFC's additionality; and monitoring and evaluation quality. Charging for AS has been associated with better performance. To enhance development impact, the report recommends that IFC: (i) Effectively manage the tension between protecting the portfolio and responding to opportunities during crisis; (ii) Set out an overall strategy for IFC advisory services, addressing the need for a clear vision and business framework and more closely linked with IFC's global corporate strategy; (iii) Pursue more programmatic AS interventions; (iv) Improve execution of the AS pricing policy; and (v) Strengthen AS performance measurement and internal knowledge management.
Independent Metering Electro-Hydraulic Control System
by Ruqi Ding Min ChengThis book shows an independent metering electro-hydraulic control system involving its flexible hardware layouts, complex software control, representative products and applications. The book includes one chapter introducing the background and motivation of the independent metering electro-hydraulic control system. It also includes one chapter to summarize various hardware layouts involving the utilized hydraulic components and circuits, as well as analyze their advantages and disadvantages. It emphatically consists of four chapters demonstrating the detailed multivariable control strategies from three levels: load, valve and pump, together with fault-tolerant control under the fault condition. It includes a last chapter, in which products of independent metering control valve and their applications in some typical heavy-duty mobile machinery are collective works of reviews illustrative of recent advances. This book is interesting and useful to a wide readership in the various fields of fluid power transmission and control.
Independent Thinking in an Uncertain World: A Mind of One’s Own
by David Waltner-Toews Valerie A. Brown John A. HarrisAny effective response to an uncertain future will require independently thinking individuals working together. Human ideas and actions have led to unprecedented changes in the relationships among humans, and between humans and the Earth. Changes in the air we breathe, the water we drink and the energy we use are evidence of Nature – which has no special interest in sustaining human life – looking out for itself. Even the evolutionary context for humans has altered. Evolutionary pressures from the digital communication revolution have been added to those from natural systems. For humans to meet these challenges requires social re-organisation that is neither simple nor easy. Independent Thinking in an Uncertain World explores workable, field-tested strategies from the frontiers of creating a viable future for humans on Earth. Based on research results from hundreds of social learning workshops with communities worldwide, many of them part of Australian National University’s Local Sustainability Project, authors with diverse interests explore the gap between open-minded individual thinking and closed socially defined knowledges. The multiple dimensions of individual, social and biophysical ways of thinking are combined in ways that allow open-minded individuals to learn from one another.
Indescribable Atlas Adventures: An Explorer's Guide to Geography, Animals, and Cultures Through God's Amazing World (Indescribable Kids)
by Louie GiglioWith more than 50 infographic maps, this illustrated world atlas for kids from bestselling author Louie Giglio will stretch your children's understanding of the world as they discover more about God, science, and His amazing world!Indescribable Atlas Adventures offers a self-guided tour for your favorite explorer throughout the seven continents and over 50 countries. Easy-to-read maps, more than 1,500 facts, and a world map that helps kids identify each continent and country will help your child to think globally and discover new insights into God's incredible creation. Each map includesan overview of each country's population, languages, and prominent features;key facts about the country's capital cities; neighboring countries; and the national bird, tree, and dish;notable people and their amazing achievements;the country's terrain, climate, wildlife, contributions to space exploration, cultural hallmarks, and Christian faith traditions; andbiblical and inspirational pieces, like devotional thoughts, prayers, and Bible verses that highlight how amazing God and His world are.Indescribable Atlas Adventures is for ages 6 to 10 and spotlights several fascinating ecosystems, like the Sahara, Amazon, and Great Barrier Reef. This book has a large trim size to help kids explore fun details on each page and is a perfect "my first atlas of the world" gift for curious kids.Check out these other books from Pastor Louie's Indescribable Kids series, which has sold more than a million copies:IndescribableHow Great Is Our GodThe Wonder of CreationIndescribable for Little OnesIndescribable Activity Book for Kids
India II: Climate Change Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation in Developing Countries (Springer Climate)
by Md. Nazrul Islam André Van AmstelThis book presents a variety of climate change impact and mitigation strategies for different environments in India. These include fractional snow cover change in the Himalayan region, and the impact of frequent cyclonic storms on land use and land cover changes along coastal areas. The book explores watershed, surface water, and hydrologic conditions for urban storm water drainage, as well as trend analysis of precipitation, and a statistical approach to detect rainfall trends.The book starts with a critical review of climate change diplomacy, adaptation and mitigation strategies in South Asian countries. It also covers the role of natural gas in energy security. There are chapters pertaining to farmer’s perception on the impact of climate change, as well discussion on land use change and ecological implications. Many geographical areas are covered including; the Mahananda River Basin, Pindar Basin, Kumaun Himalaya, the Upper Tapi River Basin, Southern Kerala Districts, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka State, Telangana State, Tamil Nadu State, to name a few.
India and Global Climate Change: Perspectives on Economics and Policy from a Developing Country
by Michael A. Toman Ujjayant Chakravorty Shreekant GuptaThough the impact of climate change will most likely be greatest with the already poor and vulnerable populations in the developing world, much of the writing about the costs and benefits of different policies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is by Western scholars, working in advanced industrialized economies. Drawing the majority of its contributions from authors based at Indian universities and other research centers, India and Global Climate Change provides a developing world perspective on the debate. With a population of over one billion, and an economy that is undergoing substantial restructuring and greatly increased economic growth after a number of years of stagnation, India has an exceptional stake in the debate about climate change policy. Using the Indian example, this volume looks at such policy issues as the energy economy relationships that drive GHG emissions; the options and costs for restricting GHG emissions while promoting sustainable development; and the design of innovative mechanisms for expanded international cooperation with GHG mitigation.
India's Climate Change Identity
by Aled Jones Samir SaranThis book presents a new and innovative approach to understanding the dynamics of international climate change negotiations using India as a focal point. The authors consider India's negotiating position at multilateral climate negotiations and its focus on the notion of 'equity' and its new avatar 'climate justice'. This book delves into the media's representation of India as a rural economy, a rising industrial power, a developing country, a member of the 5 emerging economies (BRICS), and a country with severe resource security issues, in order to examine the diverse and at time divergent narratives on India's national identity in the context of policy formulation. Those researching such diverse fields as international development, politics, economics, climate change, and international law will find this book offers useful insights into the motivations and drivers of a nation's response to climate change imperatives.
India's Journey Towards Sustainable Population
by Bedprakas SyamroyThis book makes a thorough investigation of the population problem issues in India from diverse angles- demographic, policy and programme. Discussing the theoretical background of population control, the book also deals with all mundane issues - social, cultural, religious, legal and health issues, and attempts to capture the state of preparedness of India to reach sustainable population. It is a valuable resource for students of population studies and academics working on population control and management. Additionally, it is also a useful reference work for trainees at national academies, journalists, family welfare service providers and the civil society groups working on population control and family planning.
India's Public Finance and Policy Challenges in the 2020s (India Studies in Business and Economics)
by K. R. ShanmugamThis book extensively examines various contemporary public finance themes of India, namely fiscal policy and macro economy, public expenditure policy, tax policy, fiscal transfers policy, public debt policy and fiscal imbalance, and environment and climate finance policies. It has three to five chapters devoted to each of these broad themes, with the contributors being eminent economists from the region. While the topics are specific to Indian public finance, they are relevant to global audience to understand about Indian public finance themes and make a comparison with public finance in other countries. The findings and suggestions given in each chapter are based on the latest data, using current methodologies, and are relevant to the times. The book serves as an excellent reference for students in economics, public finance, political science and management, and a valuable tool for professionals such as policymakers, fiscal analysts, and other stakeholders in the areas of global economics and public and finance, in general, and India in particular.
India's Water Future in a Changing Climate (Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences)
by Kuppannan Palanisami Udaya Sekhar NagothuThis book comprehensively addresses the most challenging water issues in India in a changing climate for the first time and suggests potential solutions. It has been observed that over the past two decades, water usage has significantly increased in India due to population growth, economic development and an increase in multiple uses of water, including irrigation, hydropower, industries, domestic consumption, fisheries, eco-system needs and the environment. India’s water future is mainly influenced by rising food demand to feed the increasing population, emerging climate change impacts on agriculture and the water sector, the increasing cost of interventions, poor cost recovery, the low level of technology adoption and weak water policy.Artificial recharge of the groundwater aquifers, improved water use efficiency and the groundwater–energy–agriculture nexus are important for the future of India’s water planning and are well addressed in this book. Also covered are climate-smart practices, wastewater reuse methods, and digital water and agriculture tools. The book further analyses improved irrigation modernization plans and explores the potential for micro-irrigation expansion including canal and tank irrigation systems in the country.Overall, this book is one of the first of its kind to present India’s future water and irrigation issues with field-based solutions, providing lessons learnt from successful national and international case studies. The volume is a useful resource for a wide range of readers including policy makers, planners, donors, implementing agencies and researchers in the water sector.
India: Climate Change Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation in Developing Countries (Springer Climate)
by Md. Nazrul Islam André Van AmstelClimate change will lead to many changes in global development and security especially energy, water, food, society, job, diplomacy, culture, economy and trade. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines climate change as: “Any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.” Global climate change has emerged as a key issue in both political and economic arenas. It is an increasingly questioned phenomenon, and progressive national governments around the world have started taking action to respond to these environmental concerns. This book discusses the issue of food and water security in India under the context of climate change. It provides information to scientists and local government to help them better understand the particularities of the local climate. It offers insight into the changes to natural ecosystems which have affected the local Indian population. Climate change is one of the biggest challenges to Indian society. It can lead to serious impacts on production, life and the environment. Higher temperatures and sea level rise can lead to flooding and cause water salinity problems which bring about negative effects on agriculture and high risks to industry and socio-economic systems in the future.
India: Physical Environment class 11 - NCERT - 23 (Geography)
by National Council of Educational Research and TrainingThe "India: Physical Environment" textbook for Class XI by NCERT explores India's physical geography. It consists of seven chapters covering topics such as India's location, geological structure, physiography, drainage system, climate, natural vegetation, soils, and natural hazards and disasters. The book provides an overview of the country's various geographical aspects, from the mountainous terrain to the coastal plains, monsoon climate to diverse vegetation, and different soil types. Along with theoretical understanding, it includes maps and illustrations to foster a comprehensive learning experience.
Indian Country
by Peter MatthiessenAfter winning an eight year legal battle, here is the controversial book that powerfully sheds new light on the plight of Native Americans. Matthiessen's urgent accounts and absorbing journalistic details make it impossible to ignore the message they so eloquently proclaim.
Indian Economic Policy and Development (Routledge Library Editions: Development)
by P. T. BauerProfessor Bauer’s book, first published in 1961, reviews the major elements of contemporary official Indian development policy, considers their economic implications and their probable political and economic results. He then examines alternative approaches to the promotion of development. The development plans, notably the Second Five Year Plan and the official outlines of the Third Plan, receive major attention, but the author also considers other official policies and measures affecting economic development, which do not usually figure prominently in the formal development plans. Specific themes which Professor Bauer considers are: the influence of social customs and attitudes on economic progress; the relationship between investment expenditure and economic development; inter-relationships between agriculture and industry; the heavy industry programme; the controls over the private section; the relation of Plan finance to the foreign exchange crisis; the role of foreign aid; and the importance of certain major political objectives.
Indian Geotechnical Conference 2019: Geotechnics for INfrastructure Development & UrbaniSation (GeoINDUS) (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #140)
by Sanjay Kumar Shukla Krishna R. Reddy C. H. Solanki Satyajit PatelThis book comprises select proceedings of the annual conference of the Indian Geotechnical Society. The conference brings together research and case histories on various aspects of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering. The book presents papers on geotechnical applications and case histories, covering topics such as (i) Characterization of Geomaterials and Physical Modelling; (ii) Foundations and Deep Excavations; (iii) Soil Stabilization and Ground Improvement; (iv) Geoenvironmental Engineering and Waste Material Utilization; (v) Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering; (vi) Earth Retaining Structures, Dams and Embankments; (vii) Slope Stability and Landslides; (viii) Transportation Geotechnics; (ix) Geosynthetics Applications; (x) Computational, Analytical and Numerical Modelling; (xi) Rock Engineering, Tunnelling and Underground Constructions; (xii) Forensic Geotechnical Engineering and Case Studies; and (xiii) Others Topics: Behaviour of Unsaturated Soils, Offshore and Marine Geotechnics, Remote Sensing and GIS, Field Investigations, Instrumentation and Monitoring, Retrofitting of Geotechnical Structures, Reliability in Geotechnical Engineering, Geotechnical Education, Codes and Standards, and other relevant topics. The contents of this book are of interest to researchers and practicing engineers alike.
Indian Hotspots: Vertebrate Faunal Diversity, Conservation And Management Volume 2
by Chandrakasan Sivaperuman Krishnamoorthy VenkataramanThis book offers a comprehensive account of India’s four biodiversity hotspots: the Himalaya, Indo-Burma, Western Ghats and Sri Lanka and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. With a focus on tropical rainforests, it includes more than 30 chapters covering different vertebrate fauna e.g. fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, as well as topics such as conservation and management aspects.Written by experts in the field of biodiversity conservation and management, it offers ample new insights into a number of subjects related to the faunal communities of tropical forest ecosystems, providing a valuable resource for conservationists and researchers in the field of flora and fauna diversity.
Indian Insects: Diversity and Science
by S. Ramani Prashanth Mohanraj Yeshwanth HmInsects are the most interesting and diverse group of organisms on earth, many of which are useful as pollinators of crops and wild plants while others are useful as natural enemies keeping pestiferous insects in check. It is important to conserve these insects for our survival and for this the diversity of insect species inhabiting the different ecosystems of our country must be known. The cornerstone to studies of any kind of organismal diversity is their taxonomic identity. Even after over two and half centuries of studies, so little is known of the insect wealth of our country. It has contributions from taxonomists who have been studying Indian insects for long, this book offers up to date information on many important groups of Indian insects seeking to fill the lacuna of a long felt need for a comprehensive work on the taxonomy of Indian insects. Salient features: Provides an up-to-date taxonomy of major insect groups of India Presents identification keys with illustrations of several important groups of Indian insects Gives a new insight into why insects are so abundant Addresses fundamental questions in mechanoreception and cross kingdom interactions using insects as model systems Indian Insects: Diversity and Science is a festschrift to Professor C. A. Viraktamath, an insect taxonomist par excellence. It has been designed to cater to the needs of academicians, researchers and students who wish to identify insects collected from local environments and will be an invaluable aid for those working in the areas of systematics, ecology, behaviour, diversity and the conservation of insects.
Indian Metallurgy: The Platinum Years (Indian Institute of Metals Series)
by Amol A. Gokhale R. Divakar S. V. S. Narayana Murty S. SrikanthThe book marks the Platinum Jubilee of the Indian Institute of Metals, closely matching independent India's age. It is envisaged as a compilation of technical articles tracing the birth and growth trajectory of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in the nation, attempting a degree of prognostication covering the next quarter of a century. It contains the essence of the metallurgical research and development and industrial progress India has witnessed in the last 75 years. This book comprises technical articles written by industry leaders and eminent technocrats. It includes overviews by distinguished researchers who have strived to build foundations of new metallurgical research and engineering fields. It includes learned writings of persons associated with premier institutions heavily dependent on metallurgy and materials. They have made seminal contributions by nurturing the growth of metallurgical research and industrial production or have made first-hand contributions to building the great organisations we have today. Coinciding with the Platinum Jubilee year of the Indian Institute of Metals, this book brings out the enormous efforts of these individuals representing their organisations to share insights that led to their success as an entity. Similarly, several professionals who significantly contributed to the understanding of metallurgical engineering, have held important positions and steered the national strategic programmes or academically nurtured students in their illustrious careers also share their journey in this book. This book chronicles the significant advances made in the field of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in India, presenting the historical perspective and prospects in the format of a technical volume.
Indian Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological Variability
by Kenneth H. Brink S. Wajih Naqvi Jerry D. Wiggert Sharon L. Smith Raleigh R. HoodPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 185.Indian Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological Variability provides a synthesis of current knowledge on Indian Ocean biogeochemistry and ecology and an introduction to new concepts and topical paradigm challenges. It also reports on the development of more extensive/frequent observational capacity being deployed in the Indian Ocean. This represents the first collection of syntheses that emphasize a basin-wide perspective, and the contributing authors include some of the most esteemed oceanographers and Indian Ocean experts in the world. The volume is derived from invited plenary talks that were presented at the initial Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (SIBER) workshop held at the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) in Goa, India, in October 2006.The volume discussesThe overlying physical processes set by monsoonal forcing and how these control biological production and variabilityNutrient cycling and limitationPelagic carbon cycling and air-sea exchangeBenthic biogeochemistry and ecologyThe impact of climate and human activities on biogeochemistry and ecosystems.The readership for this book will consist of academic and governmental researchers interested in exploring how oceanographic, atmospheric, and hydrological processes combine to establish the environmental setting that supports and drives the pelagic system and which are especially relevant to understanding the complex biogeochemical and ecological interactions in the Indian Ocean.
Indian Ocean Resources and Technology
by Ganpat Singh RoonwalThe current scenario provides an ideal opportunity to confer higher priority to the marine resources of the Indian Ocean, particularly in terms of integrated management of the deep sea, shallow sea and coastal resources. This will maximize their potential in the sustainable development goal (SDG) pattern, leading to an appropriate environmental management. Therefore, this book aims to provide an overview of the area and to highlight the potential market opportunities represented by this vast and rapidly developing nation. In doing so the following aspects have been covered: Exclusive title focussing on mineral resources of Indian ocean. Discusses living, nonliving, ocean waves and tidal energy, ocean environment and protection aspects. Includes information on key themes, details of organizations associated with the Indian Ocean. Illustrates deep sea mining technology and environmental perspectives. Covers hydrocarbons-sub sea oil and gas, minerals from placer deposits to deep sea nodules, sea floor massive sulphides and cobalt rich encrustations.
Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change
by Yassine CharabiThe book is about climate change and tropical cyclones, with an emphasis on the Indian Ocean. It highlights a probability of major changes in tropical cyclone activity across the various ocean basins. The Indian Ocean including the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal are of particular concern because of the high population density along their coastlines. The book aims to reveal the scientific bases of the extreme events and the complexities inherent in combating their hazardous impact. The chapters are authored by leading experts, both from research and operational meteorological environments. The book is intended to be a first step towards an ongoing international focus on potential impact of climate change in the Indian Ocean. Topics are related to current status of operational tropical cyclone forecasting and early warning systems, tropical cyclone genesis, assessment of risk and vulnerability from tropical cyclones and disaster preparedness, management and reduction.
Indian Pandanaceae - an overview
by Altafhusain Nadaf Rahul ZananIndian screw pine family Pandanaceae represents three genera, in which genus Pandanus and Benstonea are distributed in two hotspots in India - the Western Ghats and the Northeast Himalayan region. For the first time, Indian Pandanaceae has been assessed for its taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationship. The extensive survey by the authors led to the discovery of three new Pandanus species (two from the Western Ghats and one from the Northeast Himalaya). The present taxonomic revision confirmed total number of Pandanus species to 14 that are distributed in the Southern India (9 species) and Northeast Himalayan region (5 species). Genus Benstonea is represented by two species, one from Southern India and another species common to both regions. A detailed species identification key is given along with conservation status of each species following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2001). The study revealed that, out of 16 Pandanus and Benstonea species, six species are under threatened categories. In recent years, a chloroplast DNA-based molecular phylogenetic approach has been followed to understand the evolutionary relationship among the plant species. The interrelationship among the 14 Pandanus species at infrageneric level has been worked out using this approach, which has led to the rearrangement of some species to the subgenera proposed by Stone (1974). Moreover, the close relationship between Pandanus and Benstonea has been confirmed and the interrelationship of Indian Pandanus genus in global context is given. This book also describes the economic importance of each Pandanus species.
Indiana and the Great Flood of 1913 (Disaster)
by Nancy M. GermanoIndiana suffered enormous losses in the Great Flood of 1913, yet this disaster is largely forgotten. The combined tornado and flood barreled through Terre Haute, killing more than twenty. In Peru, 114 miles away, the circus lost most of its animals in the storm. At the southwestern corner of the state, a "sea of water," as local papers put it, washed over Evansville, turning streets into canals. In the capital, levee failures left hundreds homeless and vulnerable to disease and famine. Pulling from archival photographs, newspapers and local accounts, Dr. Nancy M. Germano shares stories from across the state to reveal how Indiana's history of settlement and development contributed to one of the state's worst disasters.
Indians, Markets, and Rainforests: Theoretical, Comparative, and Quantitative Explorations in the Neotropics
by Ricardo GodoyGodoy investigates five lowland Amerindian societies of tropical Latin America--all of which are experiencing deep changes as they modernize--to discover the results of a market economy on both indigenous peoples and the conservation of tropical rainforest flora and fauna.