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Applied Urban Analysis: A critique and synthesis
by Ian CullenMuch of the theoretical literature in planning and human geography at present is materialist in perspective. This offers a powerful critique but locates the dynamics of urban systems too specifically in just one basic social relationship. It fails to provide an intellectual base broad enough for constructive, detailed urban analysis, partly because it fails to do justice to the reflective awareness of the individual. The alternative humanist position redresses the balance in favour of the individual but again cannot serve the practical requirements of urban analysis since it so often ignores social or contextual analysis. Ian Cullen synthesizes these tow apparently inconsistent theoretical positions and to render the increasingly obscure debate between them accessible. This book was first published in 1984.
Applied Urban Design: A Contextually Responsive Approach
by Michael Martin Robert Phillips Philip Black Taki SonbliApplied Urban Design combines 'why' we design and 'who' we design for, with 'how' we design, by providing the reader with a comprehensive and accessible bespoke framework for both understanding and practicing urban design in a contextually responsive manner from appraisal to design delivery. The framework is presented across four distinct steps, covering analysis at strategic and local scales; the urban design program; design development; and technical design. The authors unpack the functional blueprints, liveable qualities, contextual dynamics, and technical components of quality urban design, identifying the role of urban designers in shaping spaces and places across differing local contexts through a responsive and multiscalar approach. International best practice examples and two original ‘live’ case studies in Aalborg, Denmark and Manchester, UK demonstrate the application of the framework across differing scales and contexts – each supported by authors own images and graphics that illustrate the broad range of urban design visualisation techniques and methods.Visually compelling and insightful, Applied Urban Design is for all who seek to understand, demand, and create people-centred, high-quality, contextually responsive places and spaces.
Applied Welfare Economics, Trade, and Agricultural Policy Analysis
by G. Cornelis van KootenThis textbook integrates three related fields in economics, namely agricultural/forestry economics, environmental economics, and international trade, by foregrounding cost-benefit analysis as a significant policy tool. Exploring how welfare measures can be used in the analysis of agricultural, trade, and other economic policies, Applied Welfare Economics, Trade, and Agricultural Policy Analysis fills a gap in the literature on agricultural policy analysis by explaining the economic efficiency improvements and income transfers of various agricultural policy reforms in the United States, Canada, and the European Union. G. Cornelis van Kooten addresses methods of identifying and measuring economic surpluses (costs and benefits), the precautionary principle, identification of an appropriate discount rate, the importance of nonmarket values, and the role of agriculture in trade negotiations and climate change. Applied Welfare Economics, Trade, and Agricultural Policy Analysis draws on new research, brings attention to the existing literature, and includes review questions at the end of each chapter. The techniques developed in this text can be applied to the development and reform of agricultural policies in various regions.
Applying Nature's Design: Corridors as a Strategy for Biodiversity Conservation (Issues, Cases, and Methods in Biodiversity Conservation)
by Anthony Anderson Clinton JenkinsThe fragmenting of habitats is endangering animal populations and degrading or destroying many plant populations throughout the world. To address this problem, conservationists have increasingly turned to biological corridors, areas of land set aside to facilitate the movement of species and ecological processes. However, while hundreds of corridor initiatives are under way worldwide, there is little practical information to guide their design, location, and management. <P><P>Applying Nature's Design offers a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on corridors, their design, and their implementation. Anthony B. Anderson and Clinton N. Jenkins examine a variety of conceptual and practical issues associated with corridors and provide detailed case studies from around the world. Their work considers how to manage and govern corridors, how to build support among various interest groups for corridors, and the obstacles to implementation. In addition to assessing various environmental and ecological challenges, the authors are the first to consider the importance of socioeconomic and political issues in creating and maintaining corridors.
Appraisal: Results of SIEV 2015 (Green Energy and Technology)
by Stefano Stanghellini Pierluigi Morano Marta Bottero Alessandra OppioThis book documents the state of the art and the emerging operational perspectives in the field of the appraisal discipline. It covers a wide range of topics, including energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, socio-economic evaluation of regional and urban transformations, real estate and facility management, risk management. It also discusses the potential role of appraisal in minimising unexpected consequences; the role of evaluators in urban development projects as well as the contribution of several methodologies with respect to the overall planning and design processes; the need to manage the complexity of the current decision contexts, while at the same time promoting efficient and effective evaluation processes; improving the quality of discussion and communication of the outcomes of evaluation processes; as well as the appropriateness of current regulation and policy regimes (EU, national, regional etc. ). It comprises a selection of the best papers presented at the SIEV 2015 conference "Appraisal: Current Issues and Problems", which was held in Bari, Italy, in July 2015, and brought together architects, engineers, urban planners, decision-makers and government representatives.
Appraisal and Valuation: Contemporary Issues and New Frontiers (Green Energy and Technology)
by Pierluigi Morano Alessandra Oppio Paolo Rosato Leopoldo Sdino Francesco TajaniThis book features a selection of the best papers presented at two recent conferences organized by the SIEV (Italian Society of Appraisal and Valuation). Taking into account the current need for evaluative skills in order to make effective and sustainable investments, it highlights the multidisciplinary role of valuation, which opens the door for interactions with other sectors, scientific and professional fields. The book collects twenty-two papers, divided into three parts (Territory & Urban Planning, Real Estate Assets & the Construction Building Process, Real Estate Finance & Property Management) that reflect the main issues of interest for future urban development policies, namely: feasibility analysis for investments; selecting which decision support models to apply in complex contexts; enhancement of public and private assets; evaluating the effects produced by territorial investments; valuation approaches to properties; risk assessment; and strategies for monitoring energy consumption and soil sealing.
Approaches for Ecosystem Services Valuation for the Gulf of Mexico After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
by Committee on the Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Mississippi Canyon-252 Oil Spill on Ecosystem Services in the Gulf of MexicoOn April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon platform drilling the Macondo well in Mississippi Canyon Block 252 (DWH) exploded, killing 11 workers and injuring another 17. The DWH oil spill resulted in nearly 5 million barrels (approximately 200 million gallons) of crude oil spilling into the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The full impacts of the spill on the GoM and the people who live and work there are unknown but expected to be considerable, and will be expressed over years to decades. In the short term, up to 80,000 square miles of the U. S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) were closed to fishing, resulting in loss of food, jobs and recreation. The DWH oil spill immediately triggered a process under the U. S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) to determine the extent and severity of the "injury" (defined as an observable or measurable adverse change in a natural resource or impairment of a natural resource service) to the public trust, known as the Natural Resources Damage Assessment (NRDA). The assessment, undertaken by the trustees (designated technical experts who act on behalf of the public and who are tasked with assessing the nature and extent of site-related contamination and impacts), requires: (1) quantifying the extent of damage; (2) developing, implementing, and monitoring restoration plans; and (3) seeking compensation for the costs of assessment and restoration from those deemed responsible for the injury. This interim report provides options for expanding the current effort to include the analysis of ecosystem services to help address the unprecedented scale of this spill in U. S. waters and the challenges it presents to those charged with undertaking the damage assessment.
Approaches in Bioremediation: The New Era of Environmental Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology (Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences)
by Ram Prasad Elisabet ArandaBioremediation refers to the clean‐up of pollution in soil, groundwater, surface water, and air using typically microbiological processes. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade, transform or detoxify hazardous substances to human health or the environment.For bioremediation to be effective, microorganisms must enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert them to harmless products. As bioremediation can be effective only where environmental conditions permit microbial growth and action, its application often involves the management of ecological factors to allow microbial growth and degradation to continue at a faster rate. Like other technologies, bioremediation has its limitations. Some contaminants, such as chlorinated organic or high aromatic hydrocarbons, are resistant to microbial attack. They are degraded either gradually or not at all, hence, it is not easy to envisage the rates of clean-up for bioremediation implementation.Bioremediation represents a field of great expansion due to the important development of new technologies. Among them, several decades on metagenomics expansion has led to the detection of autochthonous microbiota that plays a key role during transformation. Transcriptomic guides us to know the expression of key genes and proteomics allow the characterization of proteins that conduct specific reactions. In this book we show specific technologies applied in bioremediation of main interest for research in the field, with special attention on fungi, which have been poorly studied microorganisms. Finally, new approaches in the field, such as CRISPR-CAS9, are also discussed. Lastly, it introduces management strategies, such as bioremediation application for managing affected environment and bioremediation approaches. Examples of successful bioremediation applications are illustrated in radionuclide entrapment and retardation, soil stabilization and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, plastics or fluorinated compounds. Other emerging bioremediation methods include electro bioremediation, microbe-availed phytoremediation, genetic recombinant technologies in enhancing plants in accumulation of inorganic metals, and metalloids as well as degradation of organic pollutants, protein-metabolic engineering to increase bioremediation efficiency, including nanotechnology applications are also discussed.
Approaches to Economic Geography: Towards a geographical political economy (Regions and Cities)
by Ray HudsonThe last four decades have seen major changes in the global economy, with the collapse of communism and the spread of capitalism into parts of the world from which it had previously been excluded. Beginning with a grounding in Marxian political economy, this book explores a range of new ideas as to what economic geography can offer as it intersects with public policy and planning in the new globalised economy. Approaches to Economic Geography draws together the formidable work of Ray Hudson into an authoritative collection, offering a unique approach to the understanding of the changing geographies of the global economy. With chapters covering subjects ranging from uneven development to social economy, this volume explores how a range of perspectives, including evolutionary and institutional approaches, can further elucidate how such economies and their geographies are reproduced. Subsequent chapters argue that greater attention must be given to the relationships between the economy and nature, and that more consideration needs to be given to the growing significance of illegal activities in the economy. The book will be of interest to students studying economic geography as well as researchers and policy makers that recognise the importance of the relationships between economy and geography as we move towards a sustainable future economy and society.
Approaches to Human Geography
by Stuart Aitken Gill ValentineApproaches to Human Geography is the essential student primer on theory and practice in human geography. It is a systematic review of the key ideas and debates informing post-war geography, explaining how those ideas work in practice. In three sections, the text provides: · A comprehensive contexualising essay: Introducing Philosophies, People and Practices · Philosophies: written by the principal proponents, easily comprehensible accounts of: Positivistic Geographies; Humanism; Feminist Geographies; Marxism; Structuration Theory; Behavioral Geography; Realism; Post Structuralist Theories; Actor-Network Theory; and Post Colonialism · People: prominent geographers explain events that formed their ways of knowing; the section offers situated accounts of theory and practice by, for example: David Ley; Linda McDowell; and David Harvey · Practices: applied accounts of Quantification, Evidence and Positivism; Geographic Information Systems; Humanism; Geography, Political Activism, and Marxism; the Production of Feminist Geographies; Poststructuralist Theory; Environmental Inquiry in a Postcolonial World; Contested Geographies · Student Exercises and Glossary Avoiding jargon - while attentive to the rigor and complexity of the ideas that underlie geographic knowledge – the text is written for students who have not met philosophical or theoretical approaches before. This is a beginning guide to geographic research and practice. Comprehensive and accessible, it will be the core text for courses on Approaches to Human Geography; Philosophy and Geography; and the History of Geography; and a key resource for students beginning research projects.
Approaches to Soil Health Analysis (ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Books #190)
by Douglas L. Karlen Diane E. Stott Maysoon M. MikhaApproaches to Soil Health Analysis A concise survey of soil health analysis and its various techniques and applications The maintenance of healthy soil resources provides the foundation for an array of global efforts and initiatives that affect humanity. Whether they are working to combat food shortages, conserve our ecosystems, or mitigate the impact of climate change, researchers and agriculturalists the world over must be able to correctly examine and understand the complex nature of this essential, fragile resource. These new volumes have been designed to meet this need, addressing the many dimensions of soil health analysis in chapters that are concise, accessible and applicable to the tasks at hand. Soil Health, Volume One: Approaches to Soil Health Analysis provides a well-rounded overview of the various methods and strategies available to analysists, and covers topics including: The history of soil health and its studyChallenges and opportunities facing analysistsMeta-data and its assessmentApplications to forestry and urban land reclamationFuture soil health monitoring and evaluation approaches Offering a far-reaching survey of this increasingly interdisciplinary field, this volume will be of great interest to all those working in agriculture, private sector businesses, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academic-, state-, and federal-research projects, as well as state and federal soil conservation, water quality and other environmental programs.
Approaching Sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands: From the Perspectives of Ryukyu and Okinawa (China Academic Library)
by Tin WongThis book discusses the sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands from the perspectives of Ryukyu and Okinawa. Written in chronological order, the book has 13 chapters featuring 121 documents and maps. The first 12 chapters explain, based on detailed historical facts on the Diaoyu Islands, the rise and decline of the Ryukyu Kingdom and the historical roles of China, Japan, and the United States in the history of the kingdom. The final chapter is an overview of the Sino-Ryukyuan, Japan-Ryukyuan and US-Ryukyuan relations, and further clarifies the issue of ownership of the Diaoyu Islands and their strategic position. The book demonstrates that Ryukyu did not have sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands, refutes Japan’s claim that these islands were a part of the Ryukyu Kingdom, and reveals the causes and consequences of the Sino-Japanese conflicts created by the United States. The book examines the 500-year friendship between China and Ryukyu, recounting moving stories. Lastly, citing ancient documents and more, the books proves that the Ryukyus never owned the Diaoyu Islands and that these islands belong to China.
The Appropriation of Ecological Space: Agrofuels, unequal exchange and environmental load displacements (Routledge Studies in Ecological Economics)
by Kenneth HermeleAlthough it is recognised that Thomas Robert Malthus was wrong when he posited a contradiction between population increase and agricultural growth, there are increasing signs that he could be proved right in the future. Perhaps Malthus was too late and too early in his prediction? He was too late, because he did not foresee the shift from land-based resources to fossil fuels, outing an end to the limits of agricultural growth, at least temporarily; and he was too early to witness that fossil fuels would come up against their own limits in terms of supply as well as in terms of global warming. This study deals with land-based resources and the role they play in the global socio-ecological metabolic regime, both now and in the future. In particular, the controversial use of agrofuels as a solution to coming scarcity is subjected to close scrutiny.
Approximation Methods in Science and Engineering
by Reza N. JazarApproximation Methods in Engineering and Science covers fundamental and advanced topics in three areas: Dimensional Analysis, Continued Fractions, and Stability Analysis of the Mathieu Differential Equation. Throughout the book, a strong emphasis is given to concepts and methods used in everyday calculations. Dimensional analysis is a crucial need for every engineer and scientist to be able to do experiments on scaled models and use the results in real world applications. Knowing that most nonlinear equations have no analytic solution, the power series solution is assumed to be the first approach to derive an approximate solution. However, this book will show the advantages of continued fractions and provides a systematic method to develop better approximate solutions in continued fractions. It also shows the importance of determining stability chart of the Mathieu equation and reviews and compares several approximate methods for that. The book provides the energy-rate method to study the stability of parametric differential equations that generates much better approximate solutions.
Approximation with Quasi-Splines
by G.H KirovIn the theory of splines, a function is approximated piece-wise by (usually cubic) polynomials. Quasi-splines is the natural extension of this, allowing us to use any useful class of functions adapted to the problem.Approximation with Quasi-Splines is a detailed account of this highly useful technique in numerical analysis.The book presents the requisite approximation theorems and optimization methods, developing a unified theory of one and several variables. The author applies his techniques to the evaluation of definite integrals (quadrature) and its many-variables generalization, which he calls "cubature."This book should be required reading for all practitioners of the methods of approximation, including researchers, teachers, and students in applied, numerical and computational mathematics.
Apun: The Arctic Snow
by Matthew SturmThere are some twenty-five words for “snow” in the Inupiaq language. Each word denotes a different kind of snow—fresh powder snow, hard pack, soft snow, very wet snow, or just snow. Such fine distinction is reasonable, for over the centuries, Natives of the Arctic have had to rely on their knowledge of the snow to survive. Now Matthew Sturm has prepared an educational children’s book designed to teach a new generation of Arctic residents the importance of Arctic snow cover. Fully illustrated to demonstrate the cycle of the snow cover, Apun covers each phase of the “snow year.” Geared towards grades 3–4, this is a must read for elementary science classes.
AQA A-level Geography Fourth Edition
by Ian Whittaker Paul Abbiss Helen FyfeExam Board: AQALevel: AS/A-levelSubject: GeographyFirst Teaching: September 2016First Exam: June 2018AQA approvedEncourage every student to develop in-depth knowledge and advanced geographical skills with this Student Book from the leading A-level Geography publisher*, fully updated for 2016 with detailed content coverage, fascinating case studies and assessment preparation materials.- Enables students of all abilities to increase, apply and revise their subject knowledge as they work through clear explanations of key terms and topics- Brings geographical theory to life by providing a rich source of up-to-date case studies for each physical and human topic- Builds the core, cartographic, graphical, statistical and ICT skills that students need to maximise their potential through a dedicated skills section tailored to AQA's 2016 specification- Helps students engage with challenging concepts, reflect on their learning and map their progress with pointer questions throughout and end-of-chapter review questions- Allows AS and A-level students to approach their exams with confidence by undertaking a variety of practice questions written by subject specialists with examining experience- Supports you in planning relevant and exciting fieldwork projects that meet the changed fieldwork and investigation requirements*Taken from Educational Publishers Council statistics
AQA A-level Geography Student Guide 1: Physical Geography
by David RedfernReinforce understanding throughout the course with clear topic summaries and sample questions and answers to help students target higher grades.Written by experienced teacher and subject experts David Redfern and Catherine Owen, this Student Guide is divided into two key sections - content guidance, and sample questions and answers.Content guidance will:- Develop understanding of key concepts and terminology in key physical geography topics water and carbon cycles, hot desert systems and landscapes, glacial systems and landscapes, and hazards. - Consolidate knowledge with 'knowledge check questions' at the end of each topic and answers in the back of the book.Sample questions and answers will:- Build understanding of the different question types, so that students can approach each question with confidence.- Enable students to target top grades in their exam paper with sample answers and commentary explaining exactly why marks have been awarded.
AQA A-level Geography Student Guide 1: Physical Geography
by David RedfernReinforce understanding throughout the course with clear topic summaries and sample questions and answers to help students target higher grades.Written by experienced teacher and subject experts David Redfern and Catherine Owen, this Student Guide is divided into two key sections - content guidance, and sample questions and answers.Content guidance will:- Develop understanding of key concepts and terminology in key physical geography topics water and carbon cycles, hot desert systems and landscapes, glacial systems and landscapes, and hazards. - Consolidate knowledge with 'knowledge check questions' at the end of each topic and answers in the back of the book.Sample questions and answers will:- Build understanding of the different question types, so that students can approach each question with confidence.- Enable students to target top grades in their exam paper with sample answers and commentary explaining exactly why marks have been awarded.
AQA A-level Geography Student Guide 2: Human Geography
by David RedfernReinforce understanding throughout the course with clear topic summaries and sample questions and answers to help students target higher grades. Written by experienced teacher and subject experts David Redfern and Catherine Owen, this Student Guide is divided into two key sections - content guidance, and sample questions and answers. Content guidance will: - Develop understanding of key concepts and terminology in key human geography topics: global systems and global governance, changing places, contemporary urban environments, population and the environment, resource security. - Consolidate knowledge with 'knowledge check questions' at the end of each topic and answers in the back of the book. Sample questions and answers will: - Build understanding of the different question types, so that students can approach each question with confidence. - Enable students to target top grades in their exam paper with sample answers and commentary explaining exactly why marks have been awarded.
AQA A-level Geography Student Guide 2: Human Geography
by David RedfernReinforce understanding throughout the course with clear topic summaries and sample questions and answers to help students target higher grades. Written by experienced teacher and subject experts David Redfern and Catherine Owen, this Student Guide is divided into two key sections - content guidance, and sample questions and answers. Content guidance will: - Develop understanding of key concepts and terminology in key human geography topics: global systems and global governance, changing places, contemporary urban environments, population and the environment, resource security. - Consolidate knowledge with 'knowledge check questions' at the end of each topic and answers in the back of the book. Sample questions and answers will: - Build understanding of the different question types, so that students can approach each question with confidence. - Enable students to target top grades in their exam paper with sample answers and commentary explaining exactly why marks have been awarded.
AQA A-level Geography Student Guide 3: Hazards; Population and the Environment
by David RedfernReinforce students' geographical understanding throughout their course; clear topic summaries with sample questions and answers help students improve their exam technique and achieve their best.Written by a teacher with extensive examining experience, this guide:- Helps students identify what they need to know with a concise summary of the topics examined at AS and A-level- Consolidates understanding through assessment tips and knowledge-check questions- Offers opportunities for students to improve their exam technique by consulting sample graded answers to exam-style questions- Develops independent learning and research skills- Provides the content students need to produce their own revision notes
AQA A-level Geography Student Guide 4: Geographical Skills and Fieldwork
by David RedfernReinforce students' geographical understanding throughout their course; clear topic summaries with sample questions and answers help students improve their exam technique and achieve their best.Written by a teacher with extensive examining experience, this guide:- Helps students identify what they need to know with a concise summary of the topics examined at AS and A-level- Consolidates understanding through assessment tips and knowledge-check questions- Offers opportunities for students to improve their exam technique by consulting sample graded answers to exam-style questions- Develops independent learning and research skills- Provides the content students need to produce their own revision notes
AQA AS/A-level Geography Student Guide: Physical Geography
by David RedfernReinforce students' geographical understanding throughout their course; clear topic summaries with sample questions and answers help students improve their exam technique and achieve their best.Written by a teacher with extensive examining experience, this guide:- Helps students identify what they need to know with a concise summary of the topics examined at AS and A-level- Consolidates understanding through assessment tips and knowledge-check questions- Offers opportunities for students to improve their exam technique by consulting sample graded answers to exam-style questions- Develops independent learning and research skills- Provides the content students need to produce their own revision notes
AQA AS Geography Student Unit Guide: Physical and Human Geography
by Malcolm Skinner David Redfern Amanda BarkerWritten by senior examiners, Amanda Barker, David Redfern and Malcolm Skinner, this AQA AS Geography Student Unit Guide is the essential study companion for Unit 1: Physical and Human Geography. This full-colour book includes all you need to know to prepare for your unit exam: clear guidance on the content of the unit, with topic summaries, knowledge check questions and a quick-reference index, examiner's advice throughout, so you will know what to expect in the exam and will be able to demonstrate the skills required and exam-style questions, with graded student responses, so you can see clearly what is required to get a better grade.