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Intelligent Technology for Future Transportation: First International Symposium, ITFT 2024, Helsinki, Finland, October 19–21, 2024, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #2378)
by Abolhassan Razminia Dinh Hoa NguyenThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Symposium on Intelligent Technology for Future Transportation, ITFT 2024, held in Helsinki, Finland, during October 19–21, 2024. The 32 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 74 submissions. They are organized according to the following topics: Intelligent Vehicle Technology and Applications; Intelligent Transportation Management and Traffic Flow Analysis; and Intelligent Transportation Infrastructure and Sustainable Transportation.
Intelligent Tinkering: Bridging the Gap between Science and Practice (Science Practice Ecological Restoration)
by Robert J. CabinRobert J. Cabin explores the relationship between science and practice in ecological restoration. Despite the often distinct cultures and methodologies of scientists and practitioners, Cabin shows how each has a vital role in effective restoration and offers suggestions for improving working relationships. One approach he advocates is what he calls "intelligent tinkering," where practitioners employ the same kind of careful but informal trial-and-error strategy followed by such groups as indigenous peoples and hobbyist mechanics. Cabin illustrates the power of intelligent tinkering using examples from his own work and other restoration projects. The gap between science and practice is a widespread problem across all fields of applied science. Intelligent Tinkering offers an insightful look at the underlying causes of the problem, along with invaluable suggestions for addressing it.
Intelligente und nachhaltige Technologie für widerstandsfähige Städte und Gemeinden
by Lakhmi C. Jain Robert J. Howlett John R. Littlewood Marius M. BalasBei diesem Buch handelt es sich um eine Sammlung erweiterter Fassungen von Vorträgen, die auf dem internationalen KES-Gipfel Covid-19 Herausforderung gehalten wurden. Der Schwerpunkt des Buches liegt auf technologischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Entwicklungen zur Bekämpfung der Auswirkungen globaler und lokaler Katastrophen sowie auf der Frage, wie die Erholung von Covid genutzt werden kann, um widerstandsfähigere und nachhaltigere Gemeinschaften und Industrien aufzubauen und die Umwelt zu verbessern. Auch die globalen Herausforderungen des vom Menschen beeinflussten Klimawandels werden erörtert. Die Kapitel befassen sich mit der Stärkung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Städten und Gemeinden durch Energieautarkie, Lebensmittelproduktion, widerstandsfähige Wohnungen und Gebäude, menschliche Gesundheit und intelligente Systeme, z. B. für Vorhersagen und Prognosen.
Intensified Land and Water Use: A Holistic Perspective of Local to Regional Integration (Springer Earth System Sciences)
by Margarita María Alconada-MaglianoThis book combines multidisciplinary studies on the environmental consequences of intensified use of land and water, and the fusion of land to provide food for a growing population. Studies on water, vegetation, and soil are addressed from an environmental management perspective with a special focus on the relation between natural elements and humans. This book considers the essential dynamics of humans and the natural environment, which is especially important in areas with shallow water-table that influence directly on agricultural activities (crops, livestock, and forests), land management, flooding, droughts, waterlogging, salt-affected soils (saline and sodic) and variation in obtained water quality in wells where these processes as related to the local and regional geomorphology control. The studies present hydrological processes towards the definition of an adequate use of soil and water with consequences of its management on the environment. Also, water study procedures are presented as well as their relation to other elements of the landscape. Methodologies such as the Tóthian flow system concept are recognized by different authors to provide the reader with solid interdisciplinary analyses of related environmental components such as soils, vegetation, surface water, geomorphology, geological framework and groundwater physical-chemical composition.
Intensified Landslide Disasters in Japan: The 2011 Kii Peninsula Torrential Rain Disasters
by Ryoichi FukagawaThe 2011 Kii Peninsula disaster was postwar Japan’s largest sediment and flood disaster. This book analyzes the disaster and the emergency response and subsequent disaster-prevention efforts. It also provides an international comparison and recommendations for mitigation and recovery efforts. Although the scale and intensity of the disaster were expected to occur just once every 100 years, global warming has seen the intensification of such disasters around the globe. This book therefore presents an invaluable in-depth reference for readers on how to prepare for such a disaster, identify risk factors, and react accordingly. Contributors draw on the results of field surveys conducted by the Japanese Geotechnical Society at the time of the disaster and subsequent developments. First, they explain the factors that contributed to the disaster, including the meteorological, topographical, and geological conditions at the time of the disaster. They then describe the mechanisms of slope failure and damage caused by the slope failures across Nara, Wakayama, and Mie prefectures. Finally, they describe the post-disaster response, including the recovery and reconstruction and disaster-prevention and mitigation efforts in the affected area. Readers will therefore understand the importance of the contributing factors and be able to improve disaster mitigation strategies and response plans that will save lives and prevent damage to local infrastructure and economies. This book is an invaluable resource for researchers, geologists, practicing engineers, and government officials who are involved in disaster prevention and response. Upper undergraduate and graduate students will also benefit from the book’s in-depth approach.
Intensive Variable and Its Application
by Xinqi Zheng Chunlu Xue Zhiyuan YuanThere are still insufficient general theories on the law of diminishing returns, despite 100 years of development. Starting with intensive variables theory, and by utilizing tools of spatiotemporal correlation and intensive functions, moving on to the integrated curve of diminishing returns and intensive theory, and even more importantly, using a combination of static and dynamic GIS, and integrating numerical calculation and spatial optimization, this book not only creates a unique theoretical framework and methodology for the evaluation of land use effect, but also addresses the long-standing lack of universal theories and methods on the law of diminishing returns. It will have far-reaching impacts on the development of this area and its practical application. The book covers a wide range fields in geography, land science, geographic information science, management science and related areas. Novel theoretical perspectives illustrated with many detailed case studies offer an easier way for readers to expand their research, ensuring that both academic and business audiences will benefit. Prof. Xinqi Zheng works at the China University of Geosciences (Beijing), People's Republic of China.
Interacting Boson Model from Energy Density Functionals
by Kosuke NomuraThis thesis describes a novel and robust way of deriving a Hamiltonian of the interacting boson model based on microscopic nuclear energy density functional theory. Based on the fact that the multi-nucleon induced surface deformation of finite nucleus can be simulated by effective boson degrees of freedom, observables in the intrinsic frame, obtained from self-consistent mean-field method with a microscopic energy density functional, are mapped onto the boson analog. Thereby, the excitation spectra and the transition rates for the relevant collective states having good symmetry quantum numbers are calculated by the subsequent diagonalization of the mapped boson Hamiltonian. Because the density functional approach gives an accurate global description of nuclear bulk properties, the interacting boson model is derived for various situations of nuclear shape phenomena, including those of the exotic nuclei investigated at rare-isotope beam facilities around the world. This work provides, for the first time, crucial pieces of information about how the interacting boson model is justified and derived from nucleon degrees of freedom in a comprehensive manner.
Interacting Climates of Ocean Basins: Observations, Mechanisms, Predictability, and Impacts
by Carlos R. MechosoClimate variability in different ocean basins can impact one another, for instance the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has remote effects on other tropical oceans around the world, which in turn modulate ENSO. With chapters by eminent researchers, this book provides a comprehensive review on how interactions among the climates in different ocean basins are key contributors to global climate variability. It discusses how interbasin interactions are mediated by oceanic and atmospheric bridges and explains exciting new possibilities for enhancing climate prediction globally. The first part of the book covers essential theory and introduces the basic mechanisms for remote connection and local amplification. The second presents outstanding examples. The latter part discusses applications to cases of societal interest such as impacts on monsoon systems and expectations after climate change. This comprehensive reference is a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.
Interaction Between Soil Foundation and Subway Shield Tunnel
by Zhen-Dong CuiThis book addresses the interaction between the soil foundation and the subway shield tunnels under the vibration loading, including the dynamic response of the track inside the shield tunnel, the dynamic properties of soil around the subway shield tunnel, the mechanical properties of subway tunnel, and the long-term settlement of the subway tunnel. Given its scope, it offers a valuable reference guide for designers and construction researchers alike, as well as senior undergraduates and graduate students at colleges and universities.
Interaction Modeling in Mechanized Tunneling
by Markus Thewes Markus König Günther Meschke Rolf Breitenbücher Steffen FreitagThis open access book compiles the research results of the Collaborative Research Center SFB 837, which has been running since 2010 and will end in 2022, with the topic "Interaction Modeling in Mechanized Tunneling". The Collaborative Research Center is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and is currently the world's largest research facility in the field of tunneling. The aim of the publication is to make our scientific findings accessible to the international professional community. The individual chapters deal with all subsystems relevant in mechanized tunneling and their interaction. The latest results of digital planning and real-time tunneling support have been included.
Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems: The Impact of Reclaimed Wastewater (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #103)
by Damià Barceló Sandra Pérez Solsona Nicola Montemurro Serge ChironThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the fate and interaction of pharmaceuticals in soil-crop systems. It addresses the principles of their transport, uptake and metabolism and reviews methodologies for their analytical determination. It also discusses ecotoxicological effects arising from their presence and highlights bioremediation approaches for their removal. The use of treated wastewater to irrigate crops is becoming more widespread in regions where freshwater is limited. This practice conserves freshwater resources and contributes to nutrient recycling. However, concerns remain regarding the safety of irrigation with treated wastewater since it contains residues of pharmaceuticals that have survived treatment, which means that soil and fauna are potentially exposed to these xenobiotics. Various pathways govern the fate of pharmaceuticals in crop-soil systems, including soil degradation; formation of non-extractable residues; uptake by soil-dwelling organisms (e.g. earthworms); and uptake, transport, and metabolism in agricultural crops. Investigations into these aspects have only recently been initiated, and there is still a long way to go before a meaningful assessment of the impact of wastewater has been completed.
Interaction between the Epikarst and Surface Karstification (Advances in Karst Science)
by Márton VeressThe book deals with the relationship and interaction between epikarst and surface karstification in seven chapters. The focus of the book is the development of the epikarst of different karst types and the genetics between the epikarst and landscape features. Chapter 1 gives a general description on the epikarst. Chapter 2 describes the sediment structure of subsidence dolines and interprets their development. It illustrates the interaction between the epikarst and surface karstification in different environments and rocks, which is primarily based on geoelectric resistance data of the bedrock of the karst. The investigations include covered karsts (Chapters 3 and 4), glaciokarsts (Chapter 4), a dolomite terrain (Chapter 6) and tropical karren (Chapter 7).
Interactions Between Agroecosystems and Rural Communities (Advances in Agroecology)
by Cornelia FloraThere is an increasing realization among biophysical scientists that human behavior drastically impacts the degree to which sound agroecosystems are implemented. Written by an international team of experts assembled by a leading rural sociologist, Interactions Between Agroecosystems and Rural Communities shows how human behavior impacts agroecosyst
Interactions Between Biosphere, Atmosphere and Human Land Use in the Amazon Basin
by Laszlo Nagy Bruce R. Forsberg Paulo ArtaxoThis book offers apanorama of recent scientific achievements produced through the framework of theLarge-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere programme (LBA) and other research programmesin the Brazilian Amazon. The content is highly interdisciplinary, with an overarchingaim to contribute to the understanding of the dynamic biophysical andsocietal/socio-economic structure and functioning of Amazonia as a regionalentity and its regional and global climatic teleconnections. The targetreadership includes advanced undergraduate and post-graduate students andresearchers seeking to untangle the gamut of interactions that the Amazon's complexbiophysical and social system represent.
Interactions between the Geosphere and the Biosphere (ISTE Invoiced)
by Karim Benzerara Christophe ThomazoSince their origins billions of years ago, life on Earth and the planet’s surface have undergone profound transformations. Microorganisms inhabiting a primitive planet enveloped by a dioxygen-free atmosphere have evolved into the modern biodiversity under the physico-chemical conditions we know today. In Interactions between the Geosphere and the Biosphere, we characterize the nature and diversity of the close interactions between the biosphere and the geosphere that contributed to the formation and degradation of rocks, on the one hand, and sustained the functioning of ecological systems on the other. The book then explores how these interactions have led to a genuine coevolution between the biosphere and the geosphere over geological time. The most striking manifestations of this are the evolution of the global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen, that of climates and the episodes of diversification and extinction of living organisms.
Interactions in Soil: Promoting Plant Growth
by John Dighton Jennifer Adams KruminsThis book investigates soil ecology and biodiversity for its ability to maintain a balance of beneficial organisms to support plant growth. This subject is discussed by a group of international authors in natural, agricultural and urban systems. The importance of biodiversity per se and, specifically, the feedbacks between the plant and soil biota in mediating soil function are emphasized. Examples are selected from allelopathy and invasive plant species along with the, hitherto overlooked, role of viruses in soil. The book is intended to provide a framework for a holistic understanding of the essential role of soil organisms in promoting plant growth.
Interactions of Land, Ocean and Humans: A Global Perspective
by Chris MaserWritten by Chris Maser, one of the architects of the sustainability movement, Interactions of Land, Ocean and Humans: A Global Perspective explores a critical number of the myriad aspects that comprise the great, reciprocal feedback loops between the mountain peaks, the deep sea, and everywhere in between. Maser's exploration of these connections g
Interactions: Stability and Organization in Biological and Artificial Intelligent Organisms
by Bicky A. MarquezThis book examines how predicting the future based on analytical and empirical models is essential for our species' survival, stable organization, and well-being. At a high level, information exchange, mainly through communication between people, fosters a deeper understanding of reality and strengthens human bonds, ultimately contributing to the emergence of societies as new creatures or "superorganisms" with significantly more data to feed those models. Communication is fundamental to the development of complex organisms, the maintenance of internal order, and the propagation of knowledge via cultural packets. The human brain's plasticity, memory, and learning capabilities enable storage and rapid responses to new information, enhancing our decision-making and forecasting abilities. The book discusses the complexity of multicellular organisms and the mechanisms that coordinate their internal subsystems, highlighting the emergence of hierarchies from fundamental particles to networks of superorganisms. The interconnectedness of biological oscillators with prominent similarities enables synchronization as a foundation for their superior organization and collective agreements. Finally, this book explores the human quest to enhance survival through accumulating knowledge and developing tools and technologies. It underscores the significance of artificial intelligence as a tool to support cognitive abilities and address global challenges while acknowledging our limited control over reality within an independently operating universe.
Interactive Approaches to Water Governance in Asia
by Kenji OtsukaThis book applies interactive perspectives, which have historically mainly been discussed in the context of Western European countries, to case studies on water governance in Asia. It examines how these perspectives can be used to reveal complex and dynamic interactions in water governance in Asia, and how interactions between policies and practices, as well as those between formal institutes and emerging informal institutes, come to pass. In two introductory chapters and seven case studies in Asia (two from China, and each one from Japan, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, and India), the book reveals the interactive forms currently emerging in Asia under hierarchical but often fragmented administrative systems. In addition, it explores emerging hybrid forms of interactive governance, which bring together governmental and non-governmental actors, and discusses how the expected role of government and roles of non-governmental actors could be changed to solve problems in a more cooperative manner. In this context, researchers from outside the locality could play an important role, helping facilitate such forms of interactive governance. The book offers extensive information on the essential features of interactive forms, and on the role of such transdisciplinary approaches, making it a valuable resource not only for scholars and university students, but also for policymakers and grass-roots practitioners directly involved in the interactive process of water governance.
Interactive Media for Sustainability (Palgrave Studies in Media and Environmental Communication)
by Roy BendorInteractive Media for Sustainability presents a conceptually rich, critical account of the design and use of interactive technologies to engage the public with sustainability. Treating interactive technologies as forms of mediation, the book argues that these technologies advance multiple understandings of sustainability. At stake are the ways sustainability encodes the complexity of interrelated social and natural systems, and how it conveys the malleability of the future. The book’s argument is anchored in a diverse set of theoretical resources that include contemporary work in human-computer interaction (HCI), social theory, media studies, and the philosophy of technology, and is animated by a variety of examples, including interactive simulations, persuasive apps, digital games, art installations, and decision-support tools.
Intercultural Collaboration by Design: Drawing from Differences, Distances, and Disciplines Through Visual Thinking
by Kelly M. Murdoch-Kitt Denielle J. EmansIntercultural Collaboration by Design introduces a framework for collaborating across cultures and learning to use multicultural perspectives to address pressing global issues. This handbook helps people work, learn, and teach across cultures. Through the activities highlighted in this book, virtual and intercultural teams will find a practical route for initiating and sustaining productive work across disciplinary and social barriers. Teams can craft a plan to achieve their goals by selecting the activities that best meet their needs and interests. First-person anecdotes from the authors demonstrate how the activities encourage teams to embrace diverse perspectives in order to create innovative solutions. With over 30 hands-on activities, this book will be of great interest to diverse teams from a variety of disciplines who want to enhance intercultural learning and co-working. Whether in the classroom or workplace, the activities are appropriate for a variety of collaboration contexts, without a need for background in art or design.
Intercultural Competence Through Virtual Exchange: Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (Sustainable Development Goals Series)
by Kelly A. Tzoumis Elena D. DouvlouThis book addresses the importance of sustainability and environmental worldviews and the role of intercultural competencies in achieving SDGs acceptance and their effective implementation. Particularly since the pandemic, there is a growth in online education, and this offers opportunities for educators and students that can be exploited with a focus on sustainability. The book provides examples of virtual exchange including Global South and Global North with tools ranging from Project-Based and Community-Based Service Learning, Debates, Environmental Games and Simulations, Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality, and Accessibility and DEI issues. Additionally, issues of social justice and digital colonialism are a thread through several of the chapters. By providing a broad range of global learning experiences from scholars across several continents from various disciplines that include various post-secondary education based on tools and best practices, the book is a great resource to academics, researchers, and students on approaches to education that prepare the learner for praxis and effective implementation of sustainable solutions for their professional and social future perspectives. Chapter "How can we raise global citizens at home: Evidence from an intercultural virtual collaboration between the Netherlands and Japan" is available open access under a via link.springer.com.>
Interdecadal Changes in Ocean Teleconnections with the Sahel: Implications in Rainfall Predictability (Springer Theses)
by Roberto Suárez MorenoIn tropical latitudes, monsoons trigger regimes of strong seasonal rainfall over the continents. Over the West African region, the rainfall has shown a strong variability from interannual to decadal time scales. The atmospheric response to global sea surface temperatures is the leading cause of rainfall variability in the West African Sahel. This thesis explores changes in the leading ocean forcing of Sahelian rainfall interannual variability. It anaylzes the dynamical mechanisms at work to explain the non-stationary sea surface temperature-forced response of anomalous rainfall. The underlying multidecadal sea surface temperature background is raised as a key factor that favors some interannual teleconnections and inhibits others. Results of this thesis are relevant for improving the seasonal predictability of summer rainfall in the Sahel.
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Planetary Well-Being (Routledge Studies in Sustainable Development)
by Sanna Karkulehto Merja Elo Jonne Hytönen Teea Kortetmäki Janne S. Kotiaho Mikael Puurtinen Miikka SaloThis book proposes a paradigm shift in how human and nonhuman well-being are perceived and approached. In response to years of accelerated decline in the health of ecosystems and their inhabitants, this edited collection presents planetary well-being as a new cross-disciplinary concept to foster global transformation towards a more equal and inclusive framing of well-being. Throughout this edited volume, researchers across the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences apply and reflect on the concept of planetary well-being, showcasing its value as an interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral changemaker. The book explores the significance of planetary well-being as a theoretical and empirical concept in sustainability science and applies it to discipline-specific cases, including business, education, psychology, culture, and development. Interdisciplinary perspectives on topical global questions and processes underpin each chapter, from soil processes and ecosystem health to global inequalities and cultural transformation, in the framework of planetary well-being. The book will appeal to academics, researchers, and students in a broad range of disciplines including sustainability science, sustainable development, natural resources, and environmental humanities. Calling readers to assess, challenge, and rethink the dominant perceptions of well-being and societal activities, this rich resource that explores the interconnection between human and nonhuman well-being serves as a tool to foster transformative action towards a more sustainable society.
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Socioecological Challenges: Sustainable Transformations Globally and in the EU (Routledge Studies in Sustainable Development)
by Anders Siig Andersen Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen Thomas Budde Christensen Lars HulgaardThis book explores interdisciplinary perspectives on socioecological challenges and offers innovative solutions at both a European and global level. This book critically reflects on the latest scientific knowledge regarding the increasing instability of the Earth System caused by human activities during the Anthropocene and the Great Acceleration. It focuses on the global and European challenges regarding climate, resources, bio-integrity, and environment. The authors assess the obstacles to overcoming these challenges and examine the risks posed by path dependencies, lock-ins, and trade-offs between global and regional goals. They also drill down into the complexities of the European Green Deal, specifically the similarities and differences between the scientific analyses and recommendations from the European Environment Agency and the content of the Deal. Finally, the book looks at the Just Transition put forward by the European Green Deal. The authors discuss this in a context of global and European ecological and socioecological challenges and put the question of equality, recognition, and democratization at the center. Outlining new pathways to broaden the scope of scientific collaboration between the natural and technical sciences and the social sciences and the humanities, this volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of sustainable development, environmental policy and governance, and environmental justice.