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Intensified Landslide Disasters in Japan: The 2011 Kii Peninsula Torrential Rain Disasters
by Ryoichi FukagawaThe 2011 Kii Peninsula disaster was postwar Japan’s largest sediment and flood disaster. This book analyzes the disaster and the emergency response and subsequent disaster-prevention efforts. It also provides an international comparison and recommendations for mitigation and recovery efforts. Although the scale and intensity of the disaster were expected to occur just once every 100 years, global warming has seen the intensification of such disasters around the globe. This book therefore presents an invaluable in-depth reference for readers on how to prepare for such a disaster, identify risk factors, and react accordingly. Contributors draw on the results of field surveys conducted by the Japanese Geotechnical Society at the time of the disaster and subsequent developments. First, they explain the factors that contributed to the disaster, including the meteorological, topographical, and geological conditions at the time of the disaster. They then describe the mechanisms of slope failure and damage caused by the slope failures across Nara, Wakayama, and Mie prefectures. Finally, they describe the post-disaster response, including the recovery and reconstruction and disaster-prevention and mitigation efforts in the affected area. Readers will therefore understand the importance of the contributing factors and be able to improve disaster mitigation strategies and response plans that will save lives and prevent damage to local infrastructure and economies. This book is an invaluable resource for researchers, geologists, practicing engineers, and government officials who are involved in disaster prevention and response. Upper undergraduate and graduate students will also benefit from the book’s in-depth approach.
Intensive Variable and Its Application
by Xinqi Zheng Chunlu Xue Zhiyuan YuanThere are still insufficient general theories on the law of diminishing returns, despite 100 years of development. Starting with intensive variables theory, and by utilizing tools of spatiotemporal correlation and intensive functions, moving on to the integrated curve of diminishing returns and intensive theory, and even more importantly, using a combination of static and dynamic GIS, and integrating numerical calculation and spatial optimization, this book not only creates a unique theoretical framework and methodology for the evaluation of land use effect, but also addresses the long-standing lack of universal theories and methods on the law of diminishing returns. It will have far-reaching impacts on the development of this area and its practical application. The book covers a wide range fields in geography, land science, geographic information science, management science and related areas. Novel theoretical perspectives illustrated with many detailed case studies offer an easier way for readers to expand their research, ensuring that both academic and business audiences will benefit. Prof. Xinqi Zheng works at the China University of Geosciences (Beijing), People's Republic of China.
The Intent of Business
by Gregory GullInsights from varied disciplines such as: physics, mythology, psychology, philosophy, statistics, and systems theory to re-think the very intent of business and its corresponding organizing and management principles.
Interacting Boson Model from Energy Density Functionals
by Kosuke NomuraThis thesis describes a novel and robust way of deriving a Hamiltonian of the interacting boson model based on microscopic nuclear energy density functional theory. Based on the fact that the multi-nucleon induced surface deformation of finite nucleus can be simulated by effective boson degrees of freedom, observables in the intrinsic frame, obtained from self-consistent mean-field method with a microscopic energy density functional, are mapped onto the boson analog. Thereby, the excitation spectra and the transition rates for the relevant collective states having good symmetry quantum numbers are calculated by the subsequent diagonalization of the mapped boson Hamiltonian. Because the density functional approach gives an accurate global description of nuclear bulk properties, the interacting boson model is derived for various situations of nuclear shape phenomena, including those of the exotic nuclei investigated at rare-isotope beam facilities around the world. This work provides, for the first time, crucial pieces of information about how the interacting boson model is justified and derived from nucleon degrees of freedom in a comprehensive manner.
Interacting Climates of Ocean Basins: Observations, Mechanisms, Predictability, and Impacts
by Carlos R. MechosoClimate variability in different ocean basins can impact one another, for instance the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has remote effects on other tropical oceans around the world, which in turn modulate ENSO. With chapters by eminent researchers, this book provides a comprehensive review on how interactions among the climates in different ocean basins are key contributors to global climate variability. It discusses how interbasin interactions are mediated by oceanic and atmospheric bridges and explains exciting new possibilities for enhancing climate prediction globally. The first part of the book covers essential theory and introduces the basic mechanisms for remote connection and local amplification. The second presents outstanding examples. The latter part discusses applications to cases of societal interest such as impacts on monsoon systems and expectations after climate change. This comprehensive reference is a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.
Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems: The Impact of Reclaimed Wastewater (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #103)
by Sandra Pérez Solsona Nicola Montemurro Serge Chiron Damià BarcelóThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the fate and interaction of pharmaceuticals in soil-crop systems. It addresses the principles of their transport, uptake and metabolism and reviews methodologies for their analytical determination. It also discusses ecotoxicological effects arising from their presence and highlights bioremediation approaches for their removal. The use of treated wastewater to irrigate crops is becoming more widespread in regions where freshwater is limited. This practice conserves freshwater resources and contributes to nutrient recycling. However, concerns remain regarding the safety of irrigation with treated wastewater since it contains residues of pharmaceuticals that have survived treatment, which means that soil and fauna are potentially exposed to these xenobiotics. Various pathways govern the fate of pharmaceuticals in crop-soil systems, including soil degradation; formation of non-extractable residues; uptake by soil-dwelling organisms (e.g. earthworms); and uptake, transport, and metabolism in agricultural crops. Investigations into these aspects have only recently been initiated, and there is still a long way to go before a meaningful assessment of the impact of wastewater has been completed.
Interaction Between Soil Foundation and Subway Shield Tunnel
by Zhen-Dong CuiThis book addresses the interaction between the soil foundation and the subway shield tunnels under the vibration loading, including the dynamic response of the track inside the shield tunnel, the dynamic properties of soil around the subway shield tunnel, the mechanical properties of subway tunnel, and the long-term settlement of the subway tunnel. Given its scope, it offers a valuable reference guide for designers and construction researchers alike, as well as senior undergraduates and graduate students at colleges and universities.
Interaction between the Epikarst and Surface Karstification (Advances in Karst Science)
by Márton VeressThe book deals with the relationship and interaction between epikarst and surface karstification in seven chapters. The focus of the book is the development of the epikarst of different karst types and the genetics between the epikarst and landscape features. Chapter 1 gives a general description on the epikarst. Chapter 2 describes the sediment structure of subsidence dolines and interprets their development. It illustrates the interaction between the epikarst and surface karstification in different environments and rocks, which is primarily based on geoelectric resistance data of the bedrock of the karst. The investigations include covered karsts (Chapters 3 and 4), glaciokarsts (Chapter 4), a dolomite terrain (Chapter 6) and tropical karren (Chapter 7).
Interaction Modeling in Mechanized Tunneling
by Günther Meschke Rolf Breitenbücher Steffen Freitag Markus König Markus ThewesThis open access book compiles the research results of the Collaborative Research Center SFB 837, which has been running since 2010 and will end in 2022, with the topic "Interaction Modeling in Mechanized Tunneling". The Collaborative Research Center is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and is currently the world's largest research facility in the field of tunneling. The aim of the publication is to make our scientific findings accessible to the international professional community. The individual chapters deal with all subsystems relevant in mechanized tunneling and their interaction. The latest results of digital planning and real-time tunneling support have been included.
The Interaction of Spin with Gravity in Particle Physics: Low Energy Quantum Gravity (Lecture Notes in Physics #993)
by Gaetano Lambiase Giorgio PapiniThis book seeks to present a new way of thinking about the interaction of gravitational fields with quantum systems. Despite the massive amounts of research and experimentation, the myriad meetings, seminars and conferences, all of the articles, treatises and books, and the seemingly endless theorization, quantization and just plain speculation that have been engaged in regarding our evolving understanding of the quantum world, that world remains an enigma, even to the experts. The usefulness of general relativity in this regard has proven to be imperfect at best, but there is a new approach. We do not simply have to accept the limitations of Einstein's most celebrated theorem in regard to quantum theory; we can also embrace them, and thereby utilize them, to reveal new facts about the behavior of quantum systems within inertial and gravitational fields, and therefore about the very structure of space–time at the quantum level. By taking existing knowledge of the essential functionality of spin (along with the careful identification of the omnipresent inertial effects) and applying it to the quantum world, the book gives the reader a much clearer picture of the difference between the classical and quantum behaviors of a particle, shows that Einstein's ideas may not be as incompatible within this realm as many have come to believe, sparks new revelations of the way in which gravity affects quantum systems and brings a new level of efficiency—quantum efficiency, if you will—to the study of gravitational theory.
Interactions Between Biosphere, Atmosphere and Human Land Use in the Amazon Basin
by Laszlo Nagy Bruce R. Forsberg Paulo ArtaxoThis book offers apanorama of recent scientific achievements produced through the framework of theLarge-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere programme (LBA) and other research programmesin the Brazilian Amazon. The content is highly interdisciplinary, with an overarchingaim to contribute to the understanding of the dynamic biophysical andsocietal/socio-economic structure and functioning of Amazonia as a regionalentity and its regional and global climatic teleconnections. The targetreadership includes advanced undergraduate and post-graduate students andresearchers seeking to untangle the gamut of interactions that the Amazon's complexbiophysical and social system represent.
Interactions in Soil: Promoting Plant Growth
by John Dighton Jennifer Adams KruminsThis book investigates soil ecology and biodiversity for its ability to maintain a balance of beneficial organisms to support plant growth. This subject is discussed by a group of international authors in natural, agricultural and urban systems. The importance of biodiversity per se and, specifically, the feedbacks between the plant and soil biota in mediating soil function are emphasized. Examples are selected from allelopathy and invasive plant species along with the, hitherto overlooked, role of viruses in soil. The book is intended to provide a framework for a holistic understanding of the essential role of soil organisms in promoting plant growth.
Interactive Approaches to Water Governance in Asia
by Kenji OtsukaThis book applies interactive perspectives, which have historically mainly been discussed in the context of Western European countries, to case studies on water governance in Asia. It examines how these perspectives can be used to reveal complex and dynamic interactions in water governance in Asia, and how interactions between policies and practices, as well as those between formal institutes and emerging informal institutes, come to pass. In two introductory chapters and seven case studies in Asia (two from China, and each one from Japan, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, and India), the book reveals the interactive forms currently emerging in Asia under hierarchical but often fragmented administrative systems. In addition, it explores emerging hybrid forms of interactive governance, which bring together governmental and non-governmental actors, and discusses how the expected role of government and roles of non-governmental actors could be changed to solve problems in a more cooperative manner. In this context, researchers from outside the locality could play an important role, helping facilitate such forms of interactive governance. The book offers extensive information on the essential features of interactive forms, and on the role of such transdisciplinary approaches, making it a valuable resource not only for scholars and university students, but also for policymakers and grass-roots practitioners directly involved in the interactive process of water governance.
Interactive Media for Sustainability (Palgrave Studies in Media and Environmental Communication)
by Roy BendorInteractive Media for Sustainability presents a conceptually rich, critical account of the design and use of interactive technologies to engage the public with sustainability. Treating interactive technologies as forms of mediation, the book argues that these technologies advance multiple understandings of sustainability. At stake are the ways sustainability encodes the complexity of interrelated social and natural systems, and how it conveys the malleability of the future. The book’s argument is anchored in a diverse set of theoretical resources that include contemporary work in human-computer interaction (HCI), social theory, media studies, and the philosophy of technology, and is animated by a variety of examples, including interactive simulations, persuasive apps, digital games, art installations, and decision-support tools.
Intercultural Collaboration by Design: Drawing from Differences, Distances, and Disciplines Through Visual Thinking
by Kelly M. Murdoch-Kitt Denielle J. EmansIntercultural Collaboration by Design introduces a framework for collaborating across cultures and learning to use multicultural perspectives to address pressing global issues. This handbook helps people work, learn, and teach across cultures. Through the activities highlighted in this book, virtual and intercultural teams will find a practical route for initiating and sustaining productive work across disciplinary and social barriers. Teams can craft a plan to achieve their goals by selecting the activities that best meet their needs and interests. First-person anecdotes from the authors demonstrate how the activities encourage teams to embrace diverse perspectives in order to create innovative solutions. With over 30 hands-on activities, this book will be of great interest to diverse teams from a variety of disciplines who want to enhance intercultural learning and co-working. Whether in the classroom or workplace, the activities are appropriate for a variety of collaboration contexts, without a need for background in art or design.
Interdecadal Changes in Ocean Teleconnections with the Sahel: Implications in Rainfall Predictability (Springer Theses)
by Roberto Suárez MorenoIn tropical latitudes, monsoons trigger regimes of strong seasonal rainfall over the continents. Over the West African region, the rainfall has shown a strong variability from interannual to decadal time scales. The atmospheric response to global sea surface temperatures is the leading cause of rainfall variability in the West African Sahel. This thesis explores changes in the leading ocean forcing of Sahelian rainfall interannual variability. It anaylzes the dynamical mechanisms at work to explain the non-stationary sea surface temperature-forced response of anomalous rainfall. The underlying multidecadal sea surface temperature background is raised as a key factor that favors some interannual teleconnections and inhibits others. Results of this thesis are relevant for improving the seasonal predictability of summer rainfall in the Sahel.
The Interdependent Organization: The Path to a More Sustainable Enterprise
by Rexford H. DramanThe Interdependent Organization provides its readers with a template for the development of an individualized transition plan to guide their journey toward becoming more organizationally sustainable. We as humans tend to rely on our current set of assumptions when we evaluate our actions and their potential impact on the future. With today’s ever-increasing rate of change in technology, our access to information, and cultural interactions (interdependence) around the world, the reliance on old ways of thinking (linear) will not allow us to effectively transition into the systems-based world of tomorrow. The Interdependent Organization presents a deeper understanding of the financial, operational, and cultural crossroads we are facing as a planet, and introduces a systems-based transitional path that individuals, organizations, and societies can draw on to move towards a more holistic and sustainable future. The book provides readers with the necessary understanding and insight into systems, systems-thinking, and the use of systems-based business tools to guide the sustainability journey while producing a positive impact to the organization’s bottom-line, its employee engagement, and its stakeholders’ expectations in each of the journey's three stages. The journey begins with the adoption of simple yet powerful systems-based tools for managing the organization’s operations and projects. These proven tools provide increased productivity with a proven bottom-line improvement that exceeds 30%. This introduction to systems-based tools and thinking provides the organization with the time to become more familiar with this new way of thinking and making business decisions before they expand their exposure to broader, more complex systems-based and sustainable practices. The second stage of this journey is focused on introducing new tools and practices to insure a consistent set of measures are used across the organization. The third and final stage focuses on aligning the organization’s people-management practices.
An Interdisciplinary Approach for Disaster Resilience and Sustainability (Disaster Risk Reduction)
by Indrajit Pal Jason Von Meding Sangam Shrestha Iftekhar Ahmed Thayaparan GajendranThis book includes selected papers presented at the international expert forum on “Mainstreaming Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction in Education,” held at the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand on 1–2 December 2017. The journey towards disaster risk reduction and resilience requires the participation of a wide array of stakeholders ranging from academics to policymakers, to disaster managers. Given the multifaceted and interdependent nature of disasters, disaster risk reduction and resilience require a multidisciplinary problem-solving approach and evidence-based techniques from the natural, social, engineering, and other relevant sciences.Traditionally, hazard and disaster-related studies have been dominated by the engineering and social science fields. In this regard, the main purpose of this book is to capture the multidisciplinary and multisectoral nature of disaster risk reduction, and to gather existing data, research, conceptual work, and practical cases regarding risk reduction and its ties to sustainable development under a single “umbrella.” Along with the sustainability aspect, the book also links disaster risk reduction with development, technology, governance, education, and climate change, and includes discussions on challenges, solutions, and best practices in the mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction.
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Planetary Well-Being (Routledge Studies in Sustainable Development)
by Merja Elo Jonne Hytönen Sanna Karkulehto Teea Kortetmäki Janne S. Kotiaho Mikael Puurtinen Miikka SaloThis book proposes a paradigm shift in how human and nonhuman well-being are perceived and approached. In response to years of accelerated decline in the health of ecosystems and their inhabitants, this edited collection presents planetary well-being as a new cross-disciplinary concept to foster global transformation towards a more equal and inclusive framing of well-being. Throughout this edited volume, researchers across the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences apply and reflect on the concept of planetary well-being, showcasing its value as an interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral changemaker. The book explores the significance of planetary well-being as a theoretical and empirical concept in sustainability science and applies it to discipline-specific cases, including business, education, psychology, culture, and development. Interdisciplinary perspectives on topical global questions and processes underpin each chapter, from soil processes and ecosystem health to global inequalities and cultural transformation, in the framework of planetary well-being. The book will appeal to academics, researchers, and students in a broad range of disciplines including sustainability science, sustainable development, natural resources, and environmental humanities. Calling readers to assess, challenge, and rethink the dominant perceptions of well-being and societal activities, this rich resource that explores the interconnection between human and nonhuman well-being serves as a tool to foster transformative action towards a more sustainable society.
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Socioecological Challenges: Sustainable Transformations Globally and in the EU (Routledge Studies in Sustainable Development)
by Anders Siig Andersen Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen Thomas Budde Christensen Lars HulgaardThis book explores interdisciplinary perspectives on socioecological challenges and offers innovative solutions at both a European and global level. This book critically reflects on the latest scientific knowledge regarding the increasing instability of the Earth System caused by human activities during the Anthropocene and the Great Acceleration. It focuses on the global and European challenges regarding climate, resources, bio-integrity, and environment. The authors assess the obstacles to overcoming these challenges and examine the risks posed by path dependencies, lock-ins, and trade-offs between global and regional goals. They also drill down into the complexities of the European Green Deal, specifically the similarities and differences between the scientific analyses and recommendations from the European Environment Agency and the content of the Deal. Finally, the book looks at the Just Transition put forward by the European Green Deal. The authors discuss this in a context of global and European ecological and socioecological challenges and put the question of equality, recognition, and democratization at the center. Outlining new pathways to broaden the scope of scientific collaboration between the natural and technical sciences and the social sciences and the humanities, this volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of sustainable development, environmental policy and governance, and environmental justice.
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Sustainable Development: Achieving the SDGs through Education, Wellbeing, and Innovation
by Dimitrios A. Karras Sai Kiran Oruganti Sudeshna RayISC 2022 is dedicated to the Niti Aayog policies to promote sustainability through exchange of ideas emerging out of the academia. The ISC is an annual conference that is held in virtual mode until COVID restrictions on travel exist. The vision of the conference is to capacitate Academia with the necessary ideas that provide insights of the grassroot level development to various stakeholders of the Niti-Aayog policies. Towards this goal, the conference creates a conjunction of various stakeholders of Niti-Aayog policies that include- academic institutions, government bodies, policy makers and industry. The ISC organizers make concerted efforts to promote academic research that would technological, scientific, management & business practices, and insights into policy merits & disruptions. The framework of exchange of ideas is geared towards adoption of deep technologies, fundamental sciences & engineering, energy research, energy policies, advances in medicine & related case studies. This framework enables the round table discussions between the academia, industry and policy makers through its range of plenary and keynote speakers.
Interdisciplinary Research for Sustainable Business: Perspectives of Women Business Scholars (Strategies for Sustainability)
by Beate Sjåfjell Roseanne Russell Maja Van der VeldenThis volume brings together contributions from women business scholars from a range of disciplines and countries. The starting point was a collaborative research meeting organised by Daughters of Themis: International Network of Female Business Scholars in June 2017. The volume highlights the difficulties and the possibilities that lie in working together across disciplines with the aim of achieving corporate sustainability. The volume is written from the perspective of women business scholars, thereby offering outside viewpoints in fields that still are very much dominated by men, and fresh insights and innovate ideas. In three main parts, the authors address the need for interdisciplinarity in research to identify ways to ensure the contribution of business to sustainability, showcasing a number of theoretical and applied approaches for researching sustainable business. The volume ‘s introductory chapter situates the volume in discourses of sustainability and corporate sustainability. It presents the Daughters of Themis Network and provides a short description of the successive eleven chapters. In Part I, Reflections, contributors discuss the significance of interdisciplinary research, how to work across disciplines, as well as the challenges of doing so. In Part II, Theory, contributors discuss theoretical and methodological aspects of interdisciplinary research. Part III presents the Practice of interdisciplinary research. In the introductory chapter, the editors reflect on the insights that can be drawn out of the contributions, and discuss the potential for future developments of interdisciplinary research for sustainability, as well as how interdisciplinary research can be communicated. The book is intended for business scholars, and will particularly appeal to those working in law, accountancy and finance, management, and organization studies.
Interdisciplinary Research on Climate and Energy Decision Making: 30 Years of Research on Global Change (Research and Teaching in Environmental Studies)
by Granger M. Morgan Ahmed Abdulla Jay Apt Inês Azevedo Ann Bostrom Bruin, Wändi Bruine de Elizabeth Casman Hadi Dowlatabadi Mike Griffin Tim McDaniels Joshuah Stolaroff Brinda Thomas Parth VaishnavThis book explores the role and importance of interdisciplinary research in addressing key issues in climate and energy decision making. For over 30 years, an interdisciplinary team of faculty and students anchored at Carnegie Mellon University, joined by investigators and students from a number of other collaborating institutions across North America, Europe, and Australia, have worked together to better understand the global changes that are being caused by both human activities and natural causes. This book tells the story of their successful interdisciplinary work. With each chapter written in the first person, the authors have three key objectives: (1) to document and provide an accessible account of how they have framed and addressed a range of the key problems that are posed by the human dimensions of global change; (2) to illustrate how investigators and graduate students have worked together productively across different disciplines and locations on common problems; and (3) to encourage funders and scholars across the world to undertake similar large- scale interdisciplinary research activities to meet the world’s largest challenges. Exploring topics such as energy efficiency, public health, and climate adaptation, and with a final chapter dedicated to lessons learned, this innovative volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate change, energy transitions and environmental studies more broadly.
Interdisciplinary Teaching About Earth and the Environment for a Sustainable Future (AESS Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies and Sciences Series)
by David C. Gosselin Anne E. Egger J. John TaberInterdisciplinary Teaching about the Earth and Environment for a Sustainable Future presents the outcomes of the InTeGrate project, a community effort funded by the National Science Foundation to improve Earth literacy and build a workforce prepared to tackle environmental and resource issues. The InTeGrate community is built around the shared goal of supporting interdisciplinary learning about Earth across the undergraduate curriculum, focusing on the grand challenges facing society and the important role that the geosciences play in addressing these grand challenges. The chapters in this book explicitly illustrate the intimate relationship between geoscience and sustainability that is often opaque to students. The authors of these chapters are faculty members, administrators, program directors, and researchers from institutions across the country who have collectively envisioned, implemented, and evaluated effective change in their classrooms, programs, institutions, and beyond. This book provides guidance to anyone interested in implementing change—on scales ranging from a single course to an entire program—by infusing sustainability across the curriculum, broadening access to Earth and environmental sciences, and assessing the impacts of those changes.
Interessen und Interessierung: Das Interessenkonzept in der Sozialtheorie
by Thomas HaipeterDieses Buch handelt von Interessen und ihrer Rolle im sozialen Handeln. Was sind Interessen, wie entstehen sie, und wie werden sie im sozialen Handeln praktisch wirksam? Und in welchen Beziehungen stehen Interessen zu anderen Handlungsorientierungen wie Werten oder Emotionen – wann handeln soziale Akteure aus Interesse, und wann folgen sie anderen Zielen? Diese Fragen sind von einiger Bedeutung, denn Interessen gelten in vielen Theorieansätzen der Soziologie als eines der zentralen Motive, die Menschen dazu bringen, sozial zu handeln und auf diese Weise soziale Tatbestände zu erzeugen. Trotz ihrer Bedeutung sind Interessen als Konzept jedoch nur selten reflektiert worden; explizite Auseinandersetzungen damit sind in der soziologischen Theorie kaum zu finden. Deshalb soll in diesem Buch der Interessenbegriff genauer ausgeleuchtet werden. Dazu wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie der Interessenbegriff in den verschiedenen Traditionen der Sozialtheorie vom Funktionalismus bis zum Neomarxismus verwendet wird. Daran anschließend wird der Versuch unternommen, Interessen in ihrem multidimensionalen und prozesshaften Charakter als „Interessierung“ neu zu fassen und in ihren Implikationen für Theoriebildung und empirische Forschung der Soziologie greifbar zu machen.