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Maize: Origin, Domestication, and Its Role in the Development of Culture
by Duccio Bonavia Javier Flores Espinoza Alexander GrobmanThis book examines one of the thorniest problems of ancient American archaeology: the origins and domestication of maize. Using a variety of scientific techniques, Duccio Bonavia explores the development of maize, its adaptation to varying climates, and its fundamental role in ancient American cultures. An appendix (by Alexander Grobman) provides the first ever comprehensive compilation of maize genetic data, correlating this data with the archaeological evidence presented throughout the book. This book provides a unique interpretation of questions of dating and evolution, supported by extensive data, following the spread of maize from South to North America, and eventually to Europe and beyond.
Maize
by L. Mark LagriminiThis volume discusses techniques used for the molecular characterization of maize. This book is divided into 4 parts: cell, tissue, and organ culture and maize transformation; gene silencing and generation of mutant populations; plant gene expression; and plant metabolic networks. The chapters cover a range of topics, such as growing and propagating maize in the laboratory, greenhouse and field studies, screening mutagenic population, characterizing the genome, describing protein and metabolic regulatory networks, and generating transgenic plants for gene knock-out and over expression purposes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Maize: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for everyone who is interested in maize research.
Maize Crop: Improvement, Production, Protection and Post Harvest Technology
by A. Solaimalai P. Anantharaju S. Irulandi M. TheradimaniMaize is one of the versatile emerging crops with wider adaptability under varied agro-climatic conditions. Globally, maize is known as queen of cereals because it has the highest genetic yield potential among the cereals. It is cultivated on nearly 150 m/ha in about 160 countries having wider diversity of soil, climate, biodiversity and management practices that contributes 36 % (782 m/t) inthe global grain production. The United States of America (USA) is the largest producer of maize contributes nearly 35 % of the total production in the world. It is the driver of the US economy. This book talks about the improvement, production, protection and post harvest technology of the maize crop. Note: T& F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Maize Kernel Development
by Philip Becraft Jim Birchler Ljudmilla Borisjuk Prem S. Chourey Joanne Dannenhoffer Matthew Evans Sherry Flint-Garcia José Gutiérrez-Marcos Jeff Habben Curt Hannah Tracie Hennen-Bierwagen Gregorio Hueros Gwyneth Ingram Shawn Kaeppler Karen Koch Dr Brian A Larkins Fangfang Ma Don McCarty Jo Messing Alan Meyers Keith Roesler Hardy Rolletschek Paolo Sabelli Jeff Schussler Bo Shen Bill Sheridan Rentao Song Erik Vollbrecht Thomas Widiez Yongrui Wu Ramin Yadegari Junpeng ZhanThis is an authoritative book that acts as a guide to understanding maize kernel development. Written by a team of experts, it covers topics spanning pre- and post-fertilization events, embryo and endosperm development, grain filling and maturation, and factors influencing crop yield. It explores the significance of maize and other cereal grains, existing hypotheses and research, and important gaps in our knowledge and how we might fill them. This is a valuable resource for researchers of maize and other cereals, and anyone working on basic or applied science in the fields of seed development, plant genetics, and crop physiology.
Major Crops and Water Scarcity in Egypt
by Samiha OudaThis book includes multi-disciplinary quantifications of the effect of climate change on water requirements of wheat, maize, rice and sugarcane. Furthermore, it provides on-farm management that faces water scarcity under current situation and under climate change. Changing cultivation method (raised beds instead of furrows or basins) or increasing irrigation application efficiency (sprinkler or drip systems instead of surface irrigation) can reduce the applied water. Irrigated agriculture, although profitable, it endures wasteful use of valuable water resources. Taking into account the risk of climate change, developing countries like Egypt will highly suffer. Furthermore, the effect of intercropping (two crops use the applied water to one of them), and/or using crop rotations (arrange crops to reduce the applied water, increase water productivity and sustain soil fertility) on production and consumed irrigation water by crops were comprehensively analyzed.
Major Impacts and Plate Tectonics: A Model for the Phanerzoic Evolution of the Earth's Lithosphere
by Neville PriceNeville Price presents a major breakthrough in our understanding of the subject of plate tectonics in this new book. In this ambitious look at the importance of impacts of objects from space on the earth, he challenges the fundamentals of the theory on which geoscience has rested for the past 25 years. In the latter half of the 20th century
Make Art with Nature: Find Inspiration and Materials From Nature
by Pippa PixleyGet creative and make incredible pieces of art using rocks, wood, berries, flowers, and leaves.Learn how to pour paint onto a canvas, how to put pencil to paper and draw, how pieces of old paper can make a beautiful collage, and how different mediums can come together to create incredible prints, all with artist Pippa Pixley. Become inspired as Pippa takes you into the outdoors and shows you a wide range of artistic techniques, from understanding basic color theory, to creating texture, movement, and fluidity in your own work. You'll soon be able to turn a blank canvas into a piece of art! Find out how the very earth beneath your feet can be used to make paints and pastels, and how flowers and vegetables can be repurposed to create inks. There is much to look forward to! Learn how to master different art forms, but also how to make your own art supplies. Simple-to-follow instructions, fun facts, tips, and tricks, as well as lively illustrations and photography will allow you the creativity to run wild!Art can be used to express our thoughts, ideas, and feelings. It can be a relaxation tool, a way to keep busy, a future career path, or just a hobby. But the magic of art is that it can come in many different forms! Perfect for budding artists or for those who just want a moment to enjoy the wonders of nature. Your curiosity and exploration will be unlocked, as this book has something for everyone!
Make It Rain: State Control of the Atmosphere in Twentieth-Century America
by Kristine C. HarperWeather control. Juxtaposing those two words is enough to raise eyebrows in a world where even the best weather models still fail to nail every forecast, and when the effects of climate change on sea level height, seasonal averages of weather phenomena, and biological behavior are being watched with interest by all, regardless of political or scientific persuasion. But between the late nineteenth century—when the United States first funded an attempt to “shock” rain out of clouds—and the late 1940s, rainmaking (as it had been known) became weather control. And then things got out of control. In Make It Rain, Kristine C. Harper tells the long and somewhat ludicrous history of state-funded attempts to manage, manipulate, and deploy the weather in America. Harper shows that governments from the federal to the local became helplessly captivated by the idea that weather control could promote agriculture, health, industrial output, and economic growth at home, or even be used as a military weapon and diplomatic tool abroad. Clear fog for landing aircraft? There’s a project for that. Gentle rain for strawberries? Let’s do it! Enhanced snowpacks for hydroelectric utilities? Check. The heyday of these weather control programs came during the Cold War, as the atmosphere came to be seen as something to be defended, weaponized, and manipulated. Yet Harper demonstrates that today there are clear implications for our attempts to solve the problems of climate change.
Make Your Mark, Make a Difference: A Kid's Guide to Standing Up for People, Animals, and the Planet
by Joan Marie GalatTake the first steps into activism with this comprehensive middle grade guide that empowers readers to choose and become knowledgeable in a cause they are most passionate to reform, and to create meaningful change through learning what&’s already been accomplished—and what can still be done.Getting involved can be an overwhelming prospect, but this guide provides readers with tools to become informed and effective activists with an accessible approach offering hope and perspective. From Black Lives Matter and light pollution to climate change and healthcare equity for all, the book leads readers through an overview of issues, an essential human rights background, and stories of how other young activists tackle local, national, and international problems. Readers will discover a multitude of ways to build change and learn that every contribution matters.
Maker City: A Practical Guide for Reinventing American Cities
by Peter Hirshberg Dale Dougherty Marcia KadanoffThe Maker City Playbook is a comprehensive case studies and how-to information useful for city leaders, civic innovators, nonprofits, and others engaged in urban economic development. The Maker City Playbook is committed to going beyond stories to find patterns and discern promising practices to help city leaders make even more informed decisions.Maker City PlaybookChapter 1: Introduction and a Call to ActionChapter 2: The Maker movement and CitiesChapter 3: The Maker City as Open EcosystemChapter 4: Education and Learning in the Maker CityChapter 5: Workforce Development in the Maker CityChapter 6: Advanced Manufacturing and Supply Chain inside the Maker CityChapter 7: Real Estate Matters in the Maker CityChapter 8: Civic Engagement in the Maker CityChapter 9: The Future of the Maker CityMaker City Project is a collaboration between the Kauffman Foundation, the Gray Area for the Arts, and Maker Media.
The Makers of Modern Geography (Routledge Library Editions: Social and Cultural Geography)
by Robert E. DickinsonThis book examines the works of the outstanding makers of modern geography and demonstrates the consistency of idea and purpose in their work. Geography as an explicitly defined field of knowledge is more than two thousand years old, but as a university subject, geography is only 150 years old, and in this period it has developed hugely. This study traces the development of modern geography as an organized body of knowledge, in the light of the works of its foremost German and French contributors.
Making 21st Century Knowledge Complexes: Technopoles of the world revisited (Regions and Cities)
by Paul Benneworth Nicholas A. Phelps Julie Tian MiaoThe world has changed profoundly since the publication of the influential book Technopoles of the World. As policy-makers and practitioners attempt to harness science, technology and innovation to create dynamic and vibrant cities many wonder how relevant Manuel Castells and Peter Hall's messages are today. Twenty years later, this book returns to their concepts and practices to update their message for the 21st century. Making 21st Century Knowledge Complexes: Technopoles of the World Revisited argues that the contemporary technopole concept encompasses three new dimensions. Firstly, building synergy between partners is vital for the success of complexes. Secondly, the correct governance arrangements are critical to balance competing interests inevitable in any science city project. Thirdly, new evaluation mechanisms are indispensable in allowing policy-makers to steer their long-term benefits. Through twelve case study chapters and a detailed comparative analysis, this book provides academics, policy-makers and practitioners with critical insights in understanding, managing and promoting today's high-technology urban complexes.
Making a Living: Changing Livelihoods in Rural Africa
by Elizabeth FrancisLivelihoods in rural Africa are changing in response to disappearing job prospects, falling agricultural output and collapsing infrastructure. This book explains why the responses to these challenges are so different in different parts of Africa. Making a Living uses case studies from commercial farming regions in Kenya, Tanzania and Zimbabwe and from much poorer areas within eastern and southern Africa.to give a broad comparative study of rural livelihoods. These case studies reveal how household relations, poverty and gender all play a part in the changing political economy of rural Africa.
Making a Living
by Chad MontrieIn an innovative fusion of labor and environmental history, Making a Living examines work as a central part of Americans' evolving relationship with nature, revealing the unexpected connections between the fight for workers' rights and the rise of the modern environmental movement.Chad Montrie offers six case studies: textile "mill girls" in antebellum New England, plantation slaves and newly freed sharecroppers in the Mississippi Delta, homesteading women in the Kansas and Nebraska grasslands, native-born coal miners in southern Appalachia, autoworkers in Detroit, and Mexican and Mexican American farm workers in southern California. Montrie shows how increasingly organized and mechanized production drove a wedge between workers and nature--and how workers fought back. Workers' resistance not only addressed wages and conditions, he argues, but also planted the seeds of environmental reform and environmental justice activism. Workers played a critical role in raising popular consciousness, pioneering strategies for enacting environmental regulatory policy, and initiating militant local protest.Filled with poignant and illuminating vignettes, Making a Living provides new insights into the intersection of the labor movement and environmentalism in America.
Making a Living in Europe: Human Geographies of Economic Change
by Alan TownsendWill 'making a Living' remain a dream for the deprived and excluded?Jobs are one of Europe's most important problems. Employment provides the basic means of distributing wealth in society, in providing for families, and ensuring pensions for the elderly. Yet unemployment, and increasingly 'non-employment', continues at near record levels in the European Union.Making a Living in Europe shows how the culture of work has been transformed in the industrialised nations of the EU. Exploring the relationship between employment change, society and economic restructuring, the shift toward 'flexible' work for women in services, away from traditional industrial jobs for men, is demonstrated within three key sectors: business services, retailing and tourism. The outcome of change is discussed in terms of shifts of people and jobs from urban to rural areas.Europe must be understood in the context of the new Europe, of change in the USA and of global change. Drawing on examples from UK and European Regions and USA, the author challenges long-standing assumptions about changes in economy and society and highlights the need for stronger local and European policies to reduce inequality at large and contribute positively to local people's struggles to make a living in Europe.
Making a Stand for Animals
by Oscar HortaEngaging and thought-provoking, this book examines how humans see and treat other animals and argues that we should extend equal consideration and respect to all beings, human and nonhuman alike. Our world is plighted by ‘isms’ such as racism and sexism, but we may have overlooked a very important one: speciesism. Speciesism is a form of discrimination against those who don’t belong to a certain species. It drives us to see nonhuman animals as objects, rather than individuals with their own interests and with the ability to feel and suffer. This book questions all of the assumptions speciesism is based upon. It raises many challenging questions over humans' very complicated attitudes toward other animals. Thinking about how animals are used as well as the suffering of wild animals, and what the future may be for all beings, this book calls for society to seriously take into account the interests of all animals. For all who care about animals, or simply how to make the world a better place, this book is essential reading.
Making and Unmaking of Puget Sound
by Gary C. Howard Matthew R. KaserThe Puget Sound is a complex fjord-estuary system in Washington State that is connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Juan de Fuca Strait and surrounded by several large population centers. The watershed is enormous, covering nearly 43,000 square kilometers with thousands of rivers and streams. Geological forces, volcanos, Ice Ages, and changes in sea levels make the Sound a biologically dynamic and fascinating environment, as well as a productive ecosystem. Human activity has also influenced the Sound. Humans built several major cities, such as Seattle and Tacoma, have dramatically affected the Puget Sound. This book describes the natural history and evolution of Puget Sound over the last 100 million years through the present and into the future. Key Features Summarizes a complex geological, geographical, and ecological history Reviews how the Puget Sound has changed and will likely change in the future Examines the different roles of various drivers of the Sound’s ecosystem function Includes the role of humans—both first people and modern populations. Explores Puget Sound as an example of general bay ecological and environmental issues
Making and Unmaking of San Diego Bay
by Matthew R. Kaser Gary C. HowardSan Diego Bay is a shallow estuary surrounded by a large population center. Geological forces and changes in sea levels from the last Ice Age combine to make the Bay and the adjacent highlands and mesas. Human activity has also influenced the Bay. Humans built several major cities and filled significant parts of the Bay. This book describes the natural history and evolution of the San Diego Bay Area over the last 50 million years through the present and into the future. Key Features Summarizes a complex geological, geographical, and ecological history Reviews how the San Diego Bay has changed and will likely change in the future Examines the different roles of various drivers of Bay ecosystem function Includes the role of humans—both first people and modern populations—on the Bay Explores San Diego Bay as an example of general bay ecological and environmental issues Related Titles Howard GC and Kaser MR. Making and Unmaking of the San Francisco Bay (ISBN 9781138596726) Wang Y, ed. Remote Sensing of Coastal Environments (ISBN 978-1-1381-1638-2) Gonenc IE, Wolfin JB, eds. Coastal Lagoons: Ecosystem Processes and Modeling for Sustainable Use and Development (ISBN 978-0-3675-7814-5) Mossop E, ed. Sustainable Coastal Design and Planning (ISBN 978-0-3675-7075-0)
Making and Unmaking of the San Francisco Bay
by Gary C. Howard Matthew R. KaserSan Francisco Bay is a shallow estuary surrounded by a large population center. The forces that built it began with plate tectonics and involved the collision of the Pacific and North American plates and the subduction of the Juan de Fuka plate. Changes in the climate resulting from the last ice age yielded lower and then higher sea levels. Human activity influenced the Bay. Gold mining during the California gold rush sent masses of slit into the Bay. Humans have also built several major cities and filled significant parts of the Bay. This book describes the natural history and evolution of the SF Bay Area over the last 50 million years through the present and into the future. Key selling features: Summarizes a complex geological, geographical and ecological history Reviews how the San Francisco Bay has changed and will likely change in the future Examines the different roles and various drivers of Bay ecosystem function Includes the role of humans - both first peoples and modern populations - on the Bay Explores San Francisco Bay as an example of general bay ecolgical and environmental issues
Making Better Buildings
by Chris Magwood Jen FeiginMuch has been written about the individual components of sustainable building, but how do you bring it all together into a well-designed whole? Drawing on extensive hands-on experience, Making Better Buildings systematically describes the real-world implications of the most popular green and natural building materials and techniques, objectively presenting the pros, cons and overall viability of each. An indispensable resource.
Making Bourbon: A Geographical History of Distilling in Nineteenth-Century Kentucky
by Karl Raitz“Raitz examines the rich story of distilling in its Kentucky heartland and traces its maturation from a local craft to an enduring industry.” —William Wyckoff, author of How to Read the American WestWhile other industries chase after the new and improved, bourbon makers celebrate traditions that hearken back to an authentic frontier craft. Distillers enshrine local history in their branding and time-tested recipes, and rightfully so. Kentucky’s unique geography shaped the whiskeys its settlers produced, and for more than two centuries, distilling bourbon fundamentally altered every aspect of Kentucky’s landscape and culture.Making Bourbon: A Geographical History of Distilling in Nineteenth-Century Kentucky illuminates how the specific geography, culture, and ecology of the Bluegrass converged and gave birth to Kentucky’s favorite barrel-aged whiskey. Expanding on his fall 2019 release Bourbon’s Backroads, Karl Raitz delivers a more nuanced discussion of bourbon’s evolution by contrasting the fates of two distilleries in Scott and Nelson Counties. In the nineteenth century, distilling changed from an artisanal craft practiced by farmers and millers to a large-scale mechanized industry. The resulting infrastructure—farms, mills, turnpikes, railroads, steamboats, lumberyards, and cooperage shops—left its permanent mark on the land and traditions of the commonwealth. Today, multinational brands emphasize and even construct this local heritage. This unique interdisciplinary study uncovers the complex history poured into every glass of bourbon.“A gem. The depth of Raitz’s research and the breadth of his analysis have produced a masterful telling of the shift from craft to industrial distilling. And in telling us the story of bourbon, Raitz also makes a terrific contribution to our understanding of America's nineteenth-century economy.” —David E. Hamilton, author of From New Day to New Deal
Making Cities Resilient (The Urban Book Series)
by Vishwa Raj Sharma ChandrakantaAs the world has transformed, so have cities. Today, cities are home to 54 percent of the world’s population, and by the middle of this century that figure will likely rise to 66 percent. According to the United Nations (UN) Habitat I (1972), Habitat II (1996) and Habitat III (2016) summits, cities are facing many serious challenges, including growing inequality, security concerns and the worsening impacts of climate change. Uncontrolled urbanization has led to many problems (haphazard growth of areas, emergence of slums, inadequate water and power supply, poor sanitation, shortage of transport and other civic amenities, shrinking green spaces, pollution, crime, and urban disaster risks such as fire, flood, road and industrial accidents, etc.). Worldwide, communities at the international, national and local level are continuously working to improve human habitats. In order to make our planet more sustainable, the UN has moved from the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Among the latter, the aim of SDG 11 is to “…make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.” In light of these challenges, various terms have emerged to help understand urban issues. Visualizing the problem, the United Nations program “Making Cities Resilient” is focused on mitigating the disaster risk in urban areas. This book analyzes terms such as: sustainable, resilient, livable, inclusive, smart and world class city, which have emerged in the process of combating urban challenges in today’s world. The book addresses emerging concepts for cities, challenges and potentials, urban environments, health and planning/policies. Covering 14 large cities in India, as well as case studies from Japan, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Poland and Sweden, it provides a regional dimension to and micro-level perspective on urban issues.
Making Climate Compatible Development Happen
by Fiona NunanMaking Climate Compatible Development Happen introduces readers to the concept of climate compatible development (CCD) through exploring what it might look like, how it could be achieved in practice and identifying challenges and dilemmas raised by CCD. The book brings together research that explores the assumptions underlying CCD and applies the concept in a range of geographic and sectoral settings. The volume makes a significant contribution to the theorisation and evidence-base for how development efforts can be made more climate resilient and with lower greenhouse gas emissions than a ‘business as usual’ approach. It provides critical reflections on the vision and conceptualisation of CCD, exploring how to encourage it, and what trade-offs and challenges may be encountered. The contributions discuss the feasibility of achieving CCD, mechanisms that may support progress towards it, challenges that may be experienced and the roles of, and impacts on, different stakeholder groups. Following a critical reflection on the concept of CCD, the potential nature of, and barriers to, CCD, it is examined in relation to agriculture, renewable energy, forestry, pastoralism, coastal areas and fisheries, with case studies taken from countries including Ghana, India, Kenya, Mongolia, Mozambique and Peru. The book provides a valuable cross-sectoral and international critical reflection on the theory and practice of CCD, and will be a resource for postgraduates, established scholars and undergraduates from any social science discipline, policymakers and practitioners studying or working on areas related to the interface between environment (climate change) and international development.
Making Climate Forecasts Matter
by National Research CouncilEl Nino has been with us for centuries, but now we can forcast it, and thus can prepare far in advance for the extreme climatic events it brings. The emerging ability to forecast climate may be of tremendous value to humanity if we learn how to use the information well.How does society cope with seasonal-to-interannual climatic variations? How have climate forecasts been used--and how useful have they been? What kinds of forecast information are needed? Who is likely to benefit from forecasting skill? What are the benefits of better forecasting?This book reviews what we know about these and other questions and identifies research directions toward more useful seasonal-to-interannual climate forecasts. In approaching their recommendations, the panel explores: Vulnerability of human activities to climate.State of the science of climate forecasting.How societies coevolved with their climates and cope with variations in climate.How climate information should be disseminated to achieve the best response.How we can use forecasting to better manage the human consequences of climate change.
Making CO2 a Resource: The Interplay Between Research, Innovation and Industry (Routledge Explorations in Environmental Studies)
by Elin M. Oftedal Øyvind StokkeThis interdisciplinary book explores how CO2 can become a resource instead of a waste and, as such, be a tool to meet one of the grandest challenges humanity is facing: climate change.Drawing on a Norwegian narrative that has significance for a global audience, Øyvind Stokke and Elin Oftedal introduce in-depth, multi-perspective analyses of a sustainable innovation research experiment in industrial carbon capture and utilisation technologies. Building on extensive literature within marine sciences, sustainability research, and environmental philosophy and ethics, this book documents how a misplaced resource like CO2 can become valuable within a circular economy in its own right, while at the same time meeting the challenge of food security in a world where food production is increasingly under pressure. The book is diverse in scope and includes chapters on how to reduce the environmental footprint of aquaculture by replacing wild fish and soy from the Amazon, how to optimise the monitoring of aquatic environments via smart technologies, and how to replace materials otherwise sourced from natural environments. The authors also analyse the pivotal role of the university in driving innovation and entrepreneurship, the pitfalls of different carbon technologies, and explore how the link between petroleum dependence and CO2 emissions has been addressed in Norway specifically.Making CO2 a Resource will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate change, environmental ethics, environmental philosophy, sustainable business and innovation, and sustainable development more broadly.