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Nature's Second Chance: Restoring the Ecology of Stone Prairie Farm
by Steven I. ApfelbaumRenowned conservationist Aldo Leopold once wrote, "A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it does otherwise. "Few have taken Leopold’s vision more to heart than Steven I. Apfelbaum, who has, over the last thirty years, transformed his eighty-acre Stone Prairie Farm in Wisconsin into a biologically diverse ecosystem of prairie, wetland, spring-fed brook, and savanna. In healing his land, Apfelbaum demonstrates how humans might play a starring role in healing the planet.
Nature's Services: Societal Dependence On Natural Ecosystems
by Stephen Carpenter Gretchen Daily Les Kaufman Kamaljit Bawa Charles H. Peterson Sandra PostelLife itself as well as the entire human economy depends on goods and services provided by earth's natural systems. The processes of cleansing, recycling, and renewal, along with goods such as seafood, forage, and timber, are worth many trillions of dollars annually, and nothing could live without them. Yet growing human impacts on the environment are profoundly disrupting the functioning of natural systems and imperiling the delivery of these services.Nature's Services brings together world-renowned scientists from a variety of disciplines to examine the character and value of ecosystem services, the damage that has been done to them, and the consequent implications for human society. Contributors including Paul R. Ehrlich, Donald Kennedy, Pamela A. Matson, Robert Costanza, Gary Paul Nabhan, Jane Lubchenco, Sandra Postel, and Norman Myers present a detailed synthesis of our current understanding of a suite of ecosystem services and a preliminary assessment of their economic value. Chapters consider: major services including climate regulation, soil fertility, pollination, and pest control philosophical and economic issues of valuation case studies of specific ecosystems and services implication of recent findings and steps that must be taken to address the most pressing concerns Nature's Services represents one of the first efforts by scientists to provide an overview of the many benefits and services that nature offers to people and the extent to which we are all vitally dependent on those services. The book enhances our understanding of the value of the natural systems that surround us and can play an essential role in encouraging greater efforts to protect the earth's basic life-support systems before it is too late.
Nature's Spectacle: The World's First National Parks and Protected Places
by John SheailNational parks have always been an emotive and iconic symbol, ever since the first parks of the modern era were created in the mid-nineteenth century. This book, based on original research, delves deeply into their character and significance, and the larger context in which they developed. The book celebrates the deserved attractiveness of the parks as wilderness or 'spectacle' to millions of visitors, but also emphasises how there was nothing inevitable, self-sustaining or without cost in their magnificence and accessibility. Those early parks were a powerful unifying force as national 'playgrounds', especially as motor transport democratised their use. However they also provoked bitter conflict in their dispossession of local communities and perhaps deliberate segregation of people from scenery and wildlife. That first century of national parks, which concluded with the significant break of the Second World War and the subsequent development of more international approaches to conservation, left an uncertain legacy. It was a fragile foundation from which to build what became an integral part of today's conservation movement.
Nature's Temples: The Complex World of Old-Growth Forests
by Joan Maloof“Maloof eloquently urges us to cherish the wildness of what little old-growth woodlands we have left. . . . Not only are they home to the richest diversity of creatures, but they work hard for humans too.” —New York Times Book Review An old-growth forest is one that has formed naturally over a long period of time with little or no disturbance from humankind. They are increasingly rare and largely misunderstood. In Nature’s Temples, Joan Maloof, the director of the Old-Growth Forest Network, makes a heartfelt and passionate case for their importance. This evocative and accessible narrative defines old-growth and provides a brief history of forests. It offers a rare view into how the life-forms in an ancient, undisturbed forest—including not only its majestic trees but also its insects, plant life, fungi, and mammals—differ from the life-forms in a forest manipulated by humans. What emerges is a portrait of a beautiful, intricate, and fragile ecosystem that now exists only in scattered fragments. Black-and-white illustrations by Andrew Joslin help clarify scientific concepts and capture the beauty of ancient trees.
Nature's Temples: A Natural History of Old-Growth Forests Revised and Expanded
by Joan MaloofAn impassioned case for the importance of ancient forests and their preservationStanding in an old-growth forest, you can instinctively sense the ways it is different from forests shaped by humans. These ancient, undisturbed ecosystems are increasingly rare and largely misunderstood. Nature’s Temples explores the science and alchemy of old-growth forests and makes a compelling case for their protection.Many foresters are proponents of forest management, while ecologists and conservation biologists believe that the healthiest forests are those we leave alone. Joan Maloof brings together the scientific data we have about old-growth forests, drawing on diverse fields of study to explain the ecological differences among forests of various ages. She describes the life forms and relationships that make old-growth forests unique—from salamanders and micro-snails to plants that communicate through fungi—and reveals why human attempts to manage forests can never replicate nature’s sublime handiwork. This revised and expanded edition also sheds new light on the special role forests play in removing carbon from the atmosphere and shares what we know about the interplay between wildfires and ancient forests.With drawings by Andrew Joslin that illustrate scientific concepts and capture the remarkable beauty of ancient trees, Nature’s Temples invites you to discover the power of these fragile realms that are so inextricably connected to our planet, our fellow species, and our spirits.
Nature's Trust
by Mary Christina WoodEnvironmental law has failed in its most basic purpose. Even as ecosystems collapse across the globe and climate crisis intensifies, environmental agencies worldwide use their authority to permit the very harm that statutes were passed to prevent. This book exposes the dysfunction of environmental law and offers a transformative approach based on the public trust doctrine. An ancient and enduring principle, the public trust doctrine empowers citizens to protect their inalienable property rights to crucial resources. It holds government to a fiduciary obligation to protect such natural assets as generational inheritance for all citizens. Although the public trust has long offered a theoretical ideal for environmental law, until now it has lacked the precision necessary for citizens, government employees, legislators, educators, and judges to apply it to a broad realm of issues. This book shows how a trust principle can apply from the local to global level to protect the planet.
Nature's Wealth
by Pieter J. H. van Beukering Elissaios Papyrakis Jetske Bouma Roy Brouwer Pieter J. H. van Beukering Elissaios Papyrakis Jetske BoumaIncreasing pressure from economic development and population growth has resulted in the degradation of ecosystems around the world and the loss of the essential services that they provide. Understanding the linkages between ecosystem service provisioning and human well-being is crucial for the establishment of effective environmental and economic development policy. Presenting new insights into the relationship between ecosystem services and livelihoods in developing countries, this book takes up the challenge of assessing these links to demonstrate their importance in policy development. It pays special attention to innovative management opportunities that improve local livelihoods and alleviate poverty while enhancing ecosystem protection. Based on eighteen studies in more than twenty developing countries, the authors explore the role of biodiversity-, marine-, forest-, water- and land-related ecosystem services, making this an invaluable contribution to research on the role of ecosystems in supporting the livelihoods of the poor around the world.
Nature's Wonderland: Animals and Plants from the US and Canada
by DKGo on a thrilling adventure and discover the amazing natural landmarks and diverse wildlife of Canada and the USA. There&’s nowhere on Earth like North America… From scorching deserts to frozen tundra, dense rainforests to coral reefs—this continent has it all! In this captivating nature book, children can take a tour of the most amazing environments across Canada and the US, the two biggest countries in North America.Children aged 7-9 can learn all about incredible natural features like Niagara Falls — and find out which North American waterfall is actually higher! Get to know the unique animals that live only in southern Florida. Find out which species can survive in Death Valley, the hottest place in the world. Full of amazing photographs and charming illustrations, this fascinating nature book is your ultimate guide to the amazing natural wonders, wildlife, and environments of Canada and the USA.This educational book for wildlife lovers features:- More than 200 entries on incredible natural landmarks, plants, and animals from across the USA and Canada- Beautiful illustrations, stunning photography, and engaging text are combined to make dynamic, scrapbook-style collage pages- Chapters each split into broad regions such as western USA, with pages that focus on significant sub-regions within the area, such as the Pacific Northwest and the Rocky Mountain- 30 feature pages that go into detail on key natural features across the regionNature&’s Wonderland is the perfect book for children who are fascinated by nature and curious about North America&’s habitats! With engaging information and absorbing photography, this book is perfect for children to explore by themselves or with an equally curious adult.
Naturkatastrophen und Risikomanagement: Geowissenschaften und soziale Verantwortung
by Ulrich RankeMit der Covid-19-Pandemie hat die Menschheit zu den bekannten Ereignissen in der Natur wie den extremen Hochwasserereignissen an Elbe und Oder, dem Tsunami in Indonesien, Erdbeben in Italien oder ersten deutlichen Anzeichen für einen Anstieg des Meeresspiegels ein Katastrophenszenario zu bewältigen, das ihre Bedrohung noch einmal nachhaltig verstärkt. In Europa werden die Menschen zunehmend mit Gefahren konfrontiert, die sich nicht irgendwo auf der Welt abspielen, sondern im eigenen Umfeld. Und der Klimawandel wird die schon bestehenden Probleme noch weiter verstärken, mit unabsehbaren Folgen für Ökonomie, Gesellschaft und die Natur. Der Einzelne sieht sich immer stärker der Frage gegenübergestellt, inwieweit er davon persönlich betroffen sein wird. (Natur-)Katastrophen sind zu einem grundlegenden Bestandteil der Daseinsvorsorge geworden. Das vorliegende Buch soll kein geologisches, geographisches oder geophysikalisches Lehrbuch sein, sondern stellt den Menschen in den Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung. So werden die Naturkatastrophen unter dem Aspekt betrachtet, wer wie und in welchem Ausmaß davon betroffen sein kann. Es wird ein Nexus von Wissenschaft und den politischen Entscheidungsträgern hergestellt und hierzu wird der Sachverstand der Experten eingefordert.Naturkatastrophen und Risikomanagement basiert auf dem englischsprachigen Buch Natural Disaster Risk Management – Geosciences and Social Responsibility aus dem Jahr 2016. Der Autor nutzte die Gelegenheit, den deutschen Text vor dem Hintergrund der sich seit Erscheinen der englischsprachigen Version deutlich erweiterten Erkenntnisbasis grundlegend zu überarbeiten und umfassend zu erweitern. Es wurden einige Schwerpunkte anders gesetzt, vor allem aber viele Aussagen neu gefasst und präzisiert.
Natürliche Dämmstoffe als Nachhaltigkeitsfaktor: Eine technische und wirtschaftliche Analyse (Entwicklung neuer Ansätze zum nachhaltigen Planen und Bauen)
by Tina BäuerleinIn diesem Buch wird ein Vergleich zwischen einem natürlichen Dämmstoff und einem synthetischen Dämmstoff durchgeführt. Es wird eine Holzfaserdämmplatte mit einer EPS-Dämmplatte unter anderem anhand des Brandverhaltens, der Wärmeleitfähigkeit und Recyclingfähigkeit sowie der Lebenszykluskosten betrachtet. Zunächst wird dafür der Anwendungsbereich von Dämmstoffen aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen allgemein abgesteckt, der sich aufgrund von regulatorischen Bestimmungen von dem der synthetischen Dämmstoffe unterscheidet. Im Zuge einer Potentialanalyse wird von verschiedenen, auf dem Markt verfügbaren, natürlichen Dämmstoffen ein Produkt ausgewählt – eine Holzfaserdämmplatte. Die technischen und wirtschaftlichen Parameter werden bewertet, indem das Produkt hypothetisch in einem realen Bauprojekt angewendet wird. In demselben Projekt wird die Analyse mit einem synthetischen Dämmstoff – einer EPS-Dämmplatte – durchgeführt. Die beiden Varianten werden miteinander verglichen und mithilfe einer Nutzwertanalyse bewertet, worin die die zuvor betrachteten Analysekriterien gewichtet werden. Dadurch kann eine Aussage zu den Performanceunterschieden der zwei Dämmstoffplatten getroffen werden. Das Buch richtet sich an Vertreter des Fachbereichs Bauingenieurwesen, die sich mit dem Themenbereich der Dämmstoffe aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen auseinandersetzen, sowie an interessierte Leser, die für die private oder unternehmerische Nutzung bei der Außenwanddämmung neben den konventionellen Dämmstoffen auch nachhaltige Alternativen in Betracht ziehen möchten.
Naturnaher Wasserbau: Entwicklung und Gestaltung von Fließgewässern
by Heinz PattDer Autor stellt die wichtigsten Grundlagen für die Planung und Durchführung naturnaher Maßnahmen an Fließgewässern dar. Dabei behandelt er Technik und Ökologie als gleichwertige Partner. Hinweise zur aktuellen rechtlichen Situation, zum Planungsablauf sowie neue Aspekte der Gewässerunterhaltung sind ebenso enthalten wie hydrologische, hydraulische und sedimentologische Grundlagen. Die 4. Auflage berücksichtigt die Neufassungen zahlreicher Gesetze, u. a. des Bundesnaturschutzgesetzes, sowie das seit April 2010 gültige Wasserhaushaltsgesetz.
Naturnaher Wasserbau: Entwicklung und Gestaltung von Fließgewässern
by Heinz PattDieses Fachbuch wurde im Hinblick auf die Neufassungen zahlreicher Umweltgesetze aktualisiert. Zu nennen ist insbesondere die Änderung des Wasserhaushaltsgesetz (WHG). Des Weiteren ist der Stand der Arbeiten im Rahmen der Umsetzung der EG-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie fortgeschrieben. Hierbei sind die Erfahrungen mit den Maßnahmenprogrammen dargestellt. Insgesamt wird ein geschlossenes Bild für Planung und Durchführung naturnaher Maßnahmen an unseren Fließgewässern vorgestellt. Umfassende Hinweise zur aktuellen rechtlichen Situation, zum Planungsablauf und auf neue Aspekte bei der Gewässerunterhaltung sind ebenso enthalten wie hydrologische, hydraulische und sedimentologische Grundlagen. Technik und Ökologie sind in diesem Werk über den naturnahen Wasserbau gleichwertige Partner. Es wendet sich in fachübergreifender Blickweise an die in Wasserwirtschafts- und Naturschutzverwaltungen sowie in Planungsbüros tätigen Ingenieure, Landespfleger und Biologen sowie an alle, die für Ausbau und Unterhaltung von Fließgewässern zuständig oder daran interessiert sind.
Naturnaher Wasserbau
by Heinz Patt Peter Jürging Werner KrausDer Autor stellt die wichtigsten Grundlagen für die Planung und Durchführung naturnaher Maßnahmen an Fließgewässern dar. Dabei behandelt er Technik und Ökologie als gleichwertige Partner. Hinweise zur aktuellen rechtlichen Situation, zum Planungsablauf sowie neue Aspekte der Gewässerunterhaltung sind ebenso enthalten wie hydrologische, hydraulische und sedimentologische Grundlagen. Die 4. Auflage berücksichtigt die Neufassungen zahlreicher Gesetze, u. a. des Bundesnaturschutzgesetzes, sowie das seit April 2010 gültige Wasserhaushaltsgesetz.
Naturschutz: Eine kritische Einführung
by Klaus-Dieter HupkeIn Naturschutzgebieten geschieht vieles, das auf den ersten Blick widersprüchlich ist. So werden beim Pflegeeinsatz Blumenwiesen abgemäht, wo doch alle dort wachsenden Pflanzen unter Naturschutz stehen. An anderer Stelle werden im Flachmoor geschützte Schilfbestände abgebrannt oder in einem Dünenschutzgebiet die oberste Bodenschicht mit Planierraupen abgetragen. Wiederum andere Flächen sollen völlig unberührt von menschlichen Eingriffen bleiben. Der Autor Klaus-Dieter Hupke zeigt die verschiedenen Strategien von Naturschutz auf. Er zeigt auch, dass Naturschutz zumeist gerade das nicht ist, was der Begriff im Kern aussagt: „Schutz der Natur“. In Mitteleuropa handelt es sich bei Naturschutzgebieten im Gegenteil überwiegend um die Relikte alter Agrar- und damit Kulturlandschaften. Oftmals stehen auch ästhetische Aspekte eines Landschaftsausschnitts bei der Ausweisung als Naturdenkmal oder Naturschutzgebiet im Vordergrund. Darüber hinaus läuft der Naturschutz Gefahr, zur Ersatzhandlung und zum Alibi für eine in Mitteleuropa wie global immer noch wachsende Zerstörung traditioneller und naturnaher Landschaftssysteme zu werden.Die aktualisierte zweite Auflage bezieht die Folgen des Klimawandels für den Naturschutz nun explizit ein und hat auch an einigen Stellen für die entsprechenden Leser einen stärkeren Bezug auf Österreich sowie auf den zentralalpinen Raum eingearbeitet.
Navier-Stokes-Fourier Equations
by Radyadour Kh. ZeytounianThis research monograph deals with a modeling theory of the system of Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations for a Newtonian fluid governing a compressible viscous and heat conducting flows. The main objective is threefold. First , to 'deconstruct' this Navier-Stokes-Fourier system in order to unify the puzzle of the various partial simplified approximate models used in Newtonian Classical Fluid Dynamics and this, first facet, have obviously a challenging approach and a very important pedagogic impact on the university education. The second facet of the main objective is to outline a rational consistent asymptotic/mathematical theory of the of fluid flows modeling on the basis of a typical Navier-Stokes-Fourier initial and boundary value problem. The third facet is devoted to an illustration of our rational asymptotic/mathematical modeling theory for various technological and geophysical stiff problems from: aerodynamics, thermal and thermocapillary convections and also meteofluid dynamics.
Navigating a Changing World: Canada's International Policies in an Age of Uncertainties
by Geoffrey Hale, Greg AndersonThe negotiation of the Canada–United StatesU.S. Free Trade Aagreement in 1985–88 initiated a period of substantially increased North American, and later, global, economic integration. However, events since the election of Donald Trump in 2016 have created the potential for major policy shifts arising from NAFTA’s renegotiation and from continuing political uncertainties in the United States and with Canada’s other major trading partners. Navigating a Changing World draws together scholars from both countries to examine Canada–U.S. policy relations, the evolution of various processes for regulating market and human movements across national borders, and the specific application of these dynamics to a cross-section of policy fields with significant implications for Canadian public policy. This bookIt explores the interaction impact of territorial institutions and extra-territorial forces – institutional, economic, and technological, among others – on interactions across national borders, both within North America and, where relevant, in broader economic relationships affecting the movement of goods, services, people, and capital. Above all, Navigating a Changing World represents the first major study to address Canada’s international policy relations within and beyond North America since the elections of Justin Trudeau in 2015 and Donald Trump in 2016 and the renegotiation of NAFTA.
Navigating Big Finance and Big Technology for Global Change: The Impact of Social Finance on the World’s Poor (Palgrave Studies in Impact Finance)
by Jeremy Nicholls Gayle Peterson Robert Yawson Ellen JKThe role of big finance and technology in social change is rapidly evolving. This book examines why large financial players are entering the social sector through social finance. Drawing on empirical research, the authors analyse the opportunities this new interest and commitment presents as well as the potential harm that can be done to vulnerable people when beneficiaries are not treated as partners and the social needs of people are not placed at the centre of the investment model. This book introduces a ‘Deliberate Leadership’ framework to help big finance tackle problems with no easy solutions. The book also analyses how current technologies (including blockchain) are being used and the benefits and drawbacks of different features of these technologies from the standpoint of the beneficiary and investor. The authors derive a series of insights into the model of technology for social finance and impact investing. Written as a practical book for students alongside a field book based on an action learning methodology, this volume will be useful to those in social finance and impact investing.
Navigating Environmental Attitudes
by Thomas A. HeberleinSolving environmental problems requires a scientific understanding of public attitudes. Like rocks in a swollen river, attitudes often lie beneath the surface-hard to see, and even harder to move or change. In Navigating Environmental Attitudes, Thomas Heberlein helps us read the water and negotiate its hidden obstacles, explaining what attitudes are, and how they change and influence behavior. Rather than necessarily trying to change public attitudes, we need to design solutions and policies with them in mind. He illustrates these points by tracing the attitudes of the well-known environmentalist Aldo Leopold, while tying social psychology to real-world behaviors throughout the book. Bringing together theory and practice, Navigating Environmental Attitudes provides a realistic understanding of why and how attitudes matter when it comes to environmental problems; and how, by balancing natural with social science, we can step back from false assumptions and unproductive, frustrating programs to work toward fostering successful, effective environmental action.
Navigating Graduate School and Beyond: A Career Guide for Graduate Students and a Must Read for Every Advisor , 1st Edition
by Sundar A. ChristopherPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Special Publications Series.Graduate school can be an exciting, challenging time for students, but it can be scary and intimidating at the same time. Navigating Graduate School and Beyond: A Career Guide for Graduate Students and a Must Read for Every Advisor outlines the steps and skills necessary to succeed in graduate school and in your career. "Insider tips" help students better understand their advisors, leading to more productive advisor/student relationships. The importance of sowing well now with good habits and management techniques in order to reap big later is the central focus of the volume.
Navigating Sustainability Data: How Organizations can use ESG Data to Secure Their Future
by Sherry MaderaWith sustainability now a fundamental strategic pillar for organizations, ESG metrics are vital for decision making, yet this data is complex and ever evolving. Navigating Sustainability Data provides a focused guide for leaders and executives who want to understand how sustainability impacts a company's future and how they can use data as a key tool to facilitate growth, access to capital and meet regulatory requirements. It explores what data is required to make decisions that directly affect the company's valuation and helps leadership teams decide what data points they need to be preparing for their boards to support the organization's financial, strategic and reputational future. Showing how leaders can move from measuring data to managing future organizational risks and rewards, the book explores how to use the right data for the appropriate situation to drive efficient sustainable business decisions. It explains ESG data in plain English and highlights what data is relevant to leaders; what investors consider as essential data; and how regulation, disclosure and transparency are on a rapidly changing journey. Navigating Sustainability Data holds the information you need to avoid greenwashing, to shape your role in the sustainability landscape, and to be a leader for the future.
Navigating the Complexity Across the Peace–Sustainability–Climate Security Nexus (Resilience and Sustainability in Civil, Mechanical, Aerospace and Manufacturing Engineering Systems)
by Bernard AmadeiPromoting peace and sustainability in human development while accounting for the risks associated with the impact of climate change on society has become more imperative than ever when addressing humanity's challenges of the twenty-first century. There is enough evidence that peace, sustainability, and climate security are entangled with multiple complex interactions and cannot be dealt with in isolation and independently from the environment and the numerous systems with which they interact. Yet, the intersection of peace, sustainability, and climate security or their opposites (i.e., conflict, unsustainability, and climate vulnerability) is rarely articulated with a systemic mindset. A multi-solving nexus approach is more appropriate to capture the complexity and uncertainty of how the three sectors of peace, sustainability, and climate security play a role in community development, the nature of their causal chains, and the feedback on how community development affects the three sectors. Navigating the Complexity Across the Peace–Sustainability–Climate Security Nexus explores the value proposition of using a systems approach, methodology, and tools to comprehend and model that dynamic. Features of the book: Explores the interaction between the different components of peace and the relationship between peace, sustainability, and climate security using semi-qualitative and quantitative tools; Explains how climate adaptation and mitigation are related to peace or conflict; Presents generic system dynamics modeling that can be used in different contexts.
Navigating Natural Hazards in Mountainous Topographies: Exploring the Challenges and Opportunities of Living (Disaster Risk Reduction)
by Pankaj Kumar Shizuka Hashimoto Gowhar Meraj"Nature's Fury: Navigating Natural Hazards in Mountainous Topographies" shall be a comprehensive guide to the unique challenges and hazards associated with mountainous regions, and the efforts being made to mitigate their impact. The book shall provide a detailed overview of natural hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, and flash floods, and explores their impacts on communities and the environment. It would delve into the science of risk assessment and vulnerability analysis, and shall offer practical insights into mitigation strategies such as early warning systems, evacuation plans, and disaster response efforts. The book will also explore the role of technology and predictive modeling in mountain hazards management, and the relationship between mountain hazards and climate change. With realworld examples and case studies from the Himalayas, the Andes, and the Rockies, the book shall provide a comprehensive examination of the field of mountain hazards management. It will cover community-based disaster management and preparedness, environmental conservation and sustainable development, and the balancing of tourism and conservation in mountainous regions. The book will also include lessons learned from major mountain disasters, and the importance of international cooperation in mountain hazards management. It would cater wide audience including professionals in the field of disaster management, an environmental scientist, or even an enthusiast of mountain landscapes. We propose to have an engaging writing style and practical insights in this book, that will provide a valuable resource for anyone interested in navigating the unique challenges and hazards of mountainous topographies.
Navigation Control Manual
by A G Bole C E Nicholls W O DineleyInvaluable to participants of navigation control courses, candidates for Class 2 and Class 1 (master mariner) and all practising navigating officers.
Neapolitan Volcanoes: A Trip Around Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia (GeoGuide)
by Stefano CarlinoThis book serves as a guide to discovering the most interesting volcano sites in Italy. Accompanied by some extraordinary contemporary images of active Neapolitan volcanoes, it explains the main volcanic processes that have been shaping the landscape of the Campania region and influencing human settlements in this area since Greek and Roman times and that have prompted leading international scientists to visit and study this natural volcanology laboratory. While volcanology is the central topic, the book also addresses other aspects related to the area’s volcanism and is divided into three sections: 1) Neapolitan volcanic activity and processes (with a general introduction to volcanology and its development around Naples together with descriptions of the landscape and the main sites worth visiting); 2) Volcanoes and their interactions with local human settlements since the Bronze Age, recent population growth and the transformation of the territory; 3) The risks posed by Neapolitan Volcanoes, their recent activity and the problem of forecasting any future eruption.
Near-Net Shape Manufacturing of Miniature Spur Gears by Wire Spark Erosion Machining
by Kapil Gupta Neelesh Kumar JainThis work describes an experimental investigation with the aim to evaluate and establish wire spark erosion machining (WSEM) as a viable alternative for high quality miniature gear manufacturing. External spur type miniature brass (ASTM 858) gears with 12 teeth, 9. 8 mm outside diameter and 5 mm face width were manufactured by WSEM. The research work was accomplished in four distinct experimental stages viz. , preliminary, pilot, main and confirmation. The aim, scope and findings of each stage are progressively presented and discussed. In essence, the investigation found that it was possible to manufacture miniature gears to high quality by using WSEM. Gears up to DIN 5 quality with a good surface finish (1. 2 µm average roughness) and satisfactory surface integrity were achieved. The results suggest that WSEM should be considered a viable alternative to conventional miniature gear manufacturing techniques and that in some instances it may even be superior. This work will prove useful to researchers and professionals in the field of miniature and micro-scale manufacturing and machining.