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Occurence & Distribution of Selenium
by Milan IhnatA comprehensive and critical assessment of selenium levels in both natural and man-made materials and systems is presented in this publication. The book begins with a treatment of the chemistry and analytical chemistry of the element and an important discussion of the status and reliability of analytical data together with the approach to be followed in extracting, managing and presenting the information. An in-depth treatment of selenium is arranged according to groupings of the different materials and systems. Each chapter discusses the occurrence of selenium in and distribution among components of the specified system. Additionally, easy reference compilations of concentration data based on critical assessment of the selenium literature are provided, along with a comprehensive listing of the pertinent literature. The book concludes with chapters on the biogeochemistry of selenium in natural systems. Throughout, consideration is given to both total selenium and its compounds.
Ocean (DK Eyewitness)
by DKImmense shoals of barracuda, forests of giant kelp, and the world&’s largest volcano – these are just a few of the majestic sights in the world&’s oceans.Our seas are by far the largest habitat on Earth and are home to an astonishing 90 percent of the world&’s biodiversity. Life itself began in the oceans and has proliferated to include innumerable numbers of marine species, from single-celled archaea to giant manta rays, sea turtles, and blue whales.Ocean is your guide to this most mysterious part of the natural world. It explores the geography of the oceans, which includes volcanoes forming a "Ring of Fire", trenches 10 km (6 miles) deep, hydrothermal vents, ice shelves, and hundreds of sea mountains and even waterfalls. This stunning and comprehensive book unveils how the underwater world operates: its tidal rhythms, currents, tsunamis, and typhoons. It also showcases some of the most beautiful and diverse marine flora, including seaweeds such as limey petticoats, giant kelp, and oyster thief, as well as coastal fish and marine creatures such as the lanternfish, adapted to live in the remotest part of the ocean&’s depths.Ocean captures the beauty and scientific complexity of this vital habitat and at a time when global warming poses a real threat, it is essential reading for everyone interested in marine conservation.
Ocean - The Secret of Planet Earth
by Carlos M. DuarteThe ocean characterises planet Earth and differentiates it from the more than 5000 known planets. It is also the habitat where life emerged as a singularity in the universe. However, we know less about the oceans than we do about some remote planets such as Mars.This book provides basic facts for understanding the oceans, their properties and their importance to mankind through the ages. The long relationship between the ocean and humanity, which permeates all areas of our culture, is at a crossroads where human activity is profoundly affecting its functioning and the integrity of marine ecosystems. However, the intelligent and rational use of the ocean holds, in large part, the key to providing the resources needed to sustain our quality of life in the future. Unlocking, through scientific research, the secrets that the ocean still holds is an essential challenge for humanity. This book informs the reader about all these aspects of the ocean through a text that combines scientific rigour with personal reflections based on the author's own experiences, dedicated to exploring and learning more about the ocean.
Ocean Acidification
by Research Committee on the Development of an Integrated Science Strategy for Ocean Acidification Monitoring Impacts AssessmentOver recent years, human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels have increased the amount of carbon dioxide gas emitted to the atmosphere--and the amount that dissolves into the ocean. Now, so much carbon dioxide has been absorbed by the ocean that the chemistry of seawater is changing, causing the ocean to become more acidic. Based on a National Research Council report, this booklet describes the well-understood chemistry of ocean acidification and explores the many questions that remain: How will ocean acidification impact marine life such as fish, corals, and shellfish? How will the effects on individual species scale up to whole ecosystems? What will ocean acidification mean for aquaculture, the fishing industry, and coastal tourism?
Ocean Acoustics (Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment)
by Konstantin Pokazeev Anatoly Kistovich Tatiana ChaplinaThis book presents a comprehensive overview of hydroacoustics and describes the physical basis of acoustic processes observed in the sea. In addition, it discusses the basic concepts and provides simplified models of sound propagation and acoustic phenomena at the boundary between environments. Lastly, the book examines in detail a number of applications of ocean acoustics and methods. The ocean is the last reserve of natural resources. It is also an essential element in the biosphere, ensuring the latter’s balance, and plays a pivotal role in the Earth’s climate system and global warming. Consequently, studying the ocean is one of humankind’s most critical scientific tasks, but penetrating its mysteries is no mean feat. Acoustics (hydroacoustics) is one of the most powerful tools for examining the water layer and beyond, since sound waves are the only type of radiation that can propagate over distances of hundreds and even thousands of kilometers in the ocean.This unique resource appeals to specialists working in the fields of ocean and atmosphere physics, students and postgraduate students studying sea physics and oceanology, and anyone who is interested in the problems the ocean is currently facing.
Ocean Activities for Kids: 20 Hands-On Projects to Explore the Sea (Science Scouts)
by Laura PetrusicInspire kids to explore like a scientist with an illustrated ocean activity guide for ages 8 to 12.Calling all ocean lovers: Are you ready to think like a scientist and adventure like an explorer? This fun and interactive guide shows you how to discover the seas with an active mind for learning. Travel down into the depths with 20 lessons and 20 activities that show you how different parts of the ocean work together, and explore all the unbelievable things the ocean does, such as moving with the moon, changing the shape of shorelines, and providing a home to millions of amazing creatures!Explore and play—See ocean science in action with fun experiments such as creating a tide pool, dissolving the earth's crust, simulating how jellyfish release their venom, and so much more.The 5 Science Scout skills—Practice the key skills that scientists and explorers use to discover the world as you Observe, Ask, Imagine, Test, and Reflect.Start an ocean journal—Use the journal pages and writing prompts to record your ideas and observations as you try the experiments—or create some marine memories if you visit the ocean yourself!Introduce curious kids to marine science and exploration with Ocean Activities for Kids—part of the Science Scouts series!
Ocean Ambient Noise
by Richard B. Evans William M. CareyThis monograph develops the theory of noise mechanisms and measurements, and describes general noise characteristics and computational methods. The vast ambient noise literature is concisely summarized using theory combined with key representative results. The air sea boundary interaction zone is described in terms of nondimensional variables requisite for future experiments. Noise field coherency, rare directional measurements, and unique basin scale computations and methods are presented. The use of satellite measurements in these basin scale models is demonstrated. A series of appendices provides in-depth mathematical treatments which will be of interest to graduate students and active researchers.
Ocean Anatomy Activities for Kids: Fun, Hands-On Learning (Anatomy Activities for Kids)
by Laura PetrusicExplore like a scientist with this illustrated ocean guide for kids ages 8 to 12 Dive into the big blue sea with Ocean Anatomy Activities for Kids! Travel around the world and down into the deep with illustrations and diagrams that show you how the different parts of the ocean work together. As you read about our amazing aquatic universe, you'll learn how to think like a marine scientist. Ocean Anatomy Activities for Kids goes beyond other marine biology books with: The world underwater—Discover 20 lessons that teach you about everything from kelp forests to coral reefs. Awesome activities—See ocean science in action with fun experiments like creating mini ocean currents and finding out what makes fish float. Your own ocean journal—Answer cool questions after each activity to figure out even more about what makes the ocean so special. Learn all about marine life as you journey the seas with this colorful kids' guide to ocean anatomy.
Ocean Animals and Their Ecosystems: A Nature Reference Book for Kids
by Erica ColónMeet marine animals and their ecosystems—a book of ocean exploration for kids 8 to 12The ocean covers 71 percent of the Earth's surface—and it's swimming with wild and beautiful marine animals. Packed with beautiful photos and interesting facts, this guide goes beyond other nature books for kids, taking you under the sea and into the homes of incredible ocean dwellers.This guide takes you into vibrant coral reefs, jagged coastlines, and icy polar regions. You'll explore how each ecosystem has changed, discover amazing ocean animals through exciting photos, and learn how a rich biodiversity contributes to a healthy ecosystem.This standout among nature books for kids includes:Packed with ocean animals—From powerful sharks to smart octopuses to fascinating deep sea creatures, swim with ocean animals and get to know them through fun facts, such as their diet, lifespan, and weight.Into the deep—Dive deeper than other nature books for kids with in-depth looks at the world's oceans, their ecosystems, and their habitats.Stunning photographs—Vivid, big, colorful photographs not found in other nature books for kids give you an up-close look at these wonderful marine animals and their environment.If you're looking for nature books for kids but aren't sure where to start, this guide will let you swim with and save our marine friends!
Ocean Animals for Kids: A Junior Scientist's Guide to Whales, Sharks, and Other Marine Life (Junior Scientists)
by Bethanie Hestermann Josh HestermannExplore the big world under the waves with the Junior Scientists series for kids ages 6 to 9 The oceans are full of creatures that are beautiful and strange. Whether you're a fan of sharks, snakes, penguins, or polar bears, Ocean Animals for Kids is full of fascinating critters to meet! Get ready to learn all about the mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and invertebrates that call the ocean home.Dive deeper than other ocean books for kids with:Animal profiles—Take a look at dozens of marine species, from sea spiders to sponges, and find out where they live, what they eat, and more!An intro to marine science—This standout among ocean books for kids investigates currents, tides, climate, and what's hiding in the deepest, darkest parts of the ocean.Fun facts—Jump into the best in ocean books for kids and find out which sea-dwellers can open jars, who has pink poop, and what happens when marine iguanas sneeze!See what's happening underwater with this exciting entry into ocean books for kids.
Ocean Circulation
by John C. Chiang Andreas Schmittner Sidney R. HemmingPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 173.The ocean's meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is a key factor in climate change. <P><P>The Atlantic MOC, in particular, is believed to play an active role in the regional and global climate variability. It is associated with the recent debate on rapid climate change, the Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation (AMO), global warming, and Atlantic hurricanes.This is the first book to deal with all aspects of the ocean's large-scale meridional overturning circulation, and is a coherent presentation, from a mechanistic point of view, of our current understanding of paleo, present-day, and future variability and change. It presents the current state of the science by bringing together the world's leading experts in physical, chemical, and biological oceanography, marine geology, geochemistry, paleoceanography, and climate modeling. A mix of overview and research papers makes this volume suitable not only for experts in the field, but also for students and anyone interested in climate change and the oceans.
Ocean Circulation and Air-Sea Interaction in the South China Sea (Springer Oceanography)
by Dongxiao WangThis book summarizes achievements of the study on circulation and air–sea interaction and development of the ocean observation network in the South China Sea in the last 20 years, thus serving as a comprehensive reference book to understand the dynamic environment in the SCS. It consists of seven chapters, briefly reviewing our understanding of the SCS circulation and air–sea interaction in chapter 1, then describing in detail the upper layer circulation from large scale (SCS through flow, SCS western boundary current, etc.), to meso- and submeso-scale in Chapters 2 and 5, dilute river plume and coastal upwelling over the shelf in Chapter 3, deep ocean circulation in Chapter 4, tropical cyclone activities and air–sea flux at the interface in Chapter 6, and the construction of the observation network and database in Chapter 7. Besides the basic features of these physical processes, the book also discusses their variations and fundamental dynamics. Thus, it is written in a way that meets the different information demands from researchers working in various marine related fields.
Ocean Circulation in Three Dimensions
by Barry A. Klinger Thomas W. HaineNotable advances of the last quarter-century have deepened our appreciation of the three-dimensional nature of the ocean's large-scale circulation. This circulation has important implications for ocean chemistry and biology, atmospheric science, and climate. Ocean Circulation in Three Dimensions surveys both observations and theories of the time-mean circulation, enabling readers to see the relevance and limitations of leading theories, as well as the patterns linking the behavior of different oceans. The book covers “classical” topics of horizontal circulation, and expands them to include shallow wind-driven overturning, the deep global “conveyer belt”, high latitudes, the role of eddies, and the ocean's role in heat transport. Solutions to exercises are available online for instructor use. This textbook is ideal for students of physical oceanography, chemical oceanography and climate. It is also suitable for readers from related fields as it includes a summary of introductory topics.
Ocean Counting: Odd Numbers (Jerry Pallotta's Counting Books)
by Jerry PallottaWith his trademark humor and wit, Jerry Pallotta teaches young readers how to count to 50 by odd numbers, using weird and wonderful ocean animals as counting tools. Explore the ocean as you meet 13 surf clams, 29 mussels, 49 smelts, and more.
Ocean Country
by Carl Safina Liz CunninghamOcean Country is an adventure story, a call to action, and a poetic meditation on the state of the seas. But most importantly it is the story of finding true hope in the midst of one of the greatest crises to face humankind, the rapidly degrading state of our environment. After a near-drowning accident in which she was temporarily paralyzed, Liz Cunningham crisscrosses the globe in an effort to understand the threats to our dazzling but endangered oceans. This intimate account charts her thrilling journey through unexpected encounters with conservationists, fishermen, sea nomads, and scientists in the Mediterranean, Sulawesi, the Turks and Caicos Islands, and Papua, New Guinea.From the Trade Paperback edition.ansform despair into strength and to discover what true hope is.
Ocean Dynamics and the Carbon Cycle
by Richard G. Williams Michael J. FollowsThis textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students presents a multidisciplinary approach to understanding ocean circulation and how it drives and controls marine biogeochemistry and biological productivity at a global scale. Background chapters on ocean physics, chemistry and biology provide students with the tools to examine the range of large-scale physical and dynamic phenomena that control the ocean carbon cycle and its interaction with the atmosphere. Throughout the text observational data is integrated with basic physical theory to address cutting-edge research questions in ocean biogeochemistry. Simple theoretical models, data plots and schematic illustrations summarise key results and connect the physical theory to real observations. Advanced mathematics is provided in boxes and appendices where it can be drawn on to assist with the worked examples and homework exercises available online. Further reading lists for each chapter and a comprehensive glossary provide students and instructors with a complete learning package.
Ocean Emporium: A Compilation of Creatures
by Susie BrooksA treasure trove of extraordinary ocean animals.Beneath the ocean waves lies a web of life that ties together creatures great and small. Fan favorites like hermit crabs and great white sharks share space with mysterious bottom-dwellers like mimic octopuses and giant sea spiders in this gorgeous exploration of the sea. Dive in and encounter some of the earth's most remarkable animals in this gloriously illustrated compendium. A perfect gift for all nature lovers.
Ocean Energy and Coastal Protection: A Novel Strategy for Coastal Management Under Climate Change (SpringerBriefs in Energy)
by Rafael J. Bergillos Gregorio Iglesias Cristobal Rodriguez-DelgadoThis book presents the innovative concept of the dual function of wave farms as both renewable energy generators and coastal protection elements against erosion and flooding. Developing renewable energy is one of the most pressing targets for society in the coming decades due to the finite nature of fossil fuels, their high costs, and the environmental impacts of their exploration and use, including climate change and the subsequent sea-level rise. Wave energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources, thanks to its huge potential and low impact on the environment. As such, this book discusses the development and application of artificial intelligence to optimise wave farm location and layout, assesses the influence of the wave energy converter geometry on coastal protection against erosion and flooding, and analyses how the performance of wave farms as coastal defence elements is affected by climate change and sea level rise. The concepts, methods and conclusions presented are helpful to students, researchers, academics, engineers, designers, stakeholders and managers around the globe interested in wave energy, coastal engineering, and coastal management.
Ocean Engineering Mechanics
by Michael E. MccormickOcean Engineering Mechanics is designed to give an introduction to water waves and wave-structure interactions for fixed and floating bodies. Linear and nonlinear regular waves are thoroughly discussed, and the methods of determining the averaged properties of random waves are presented. With this foundation in wave mechanics, applications to engineering situations in the coastal zone are then presented. This introduction to the coastal engineering aspects of wave mechanics includes an introduction to shore protection. Covered within are also the basics of wave-structure interactions for situations involving ridged structures, compliant structures, and floating bodies in regular and random seas. The final chapters deal with the various analytical methods available for the engineering analyses of wave-induced forces and motions of floating and compliant structures in regular and random seas. An introduction to the soil-structure interactions is also included. The book can be used for both introductory and advanced courses in ocean engineering mechanics.
Ocean Friends: A Journey Beneath the Sea (KUBU #1)
by Anna Krusinski Andrew FlachBeing caretakers of the Earth is more important today than ever before, and Ocean Friends brings that message to life for children, with simple, concise language and enjoyable prose.Ocean Friends envelops children in the breathtaking underwater kingdoms of the world's oceans, providing them with a deeper understanding of the plants and animals that live there, as well as touring the often startlingly beautiful landscapes of the marine world.Ocean Friends serves as an early resource to parents seeking to instill in their children a love for the environment. Young or old, readers will be able to explore a world far away from their own, beautiful and inspiring, but which still needs their protection. Ocean Friends is the first step on the path of teaching children that the entire world is their responsibility, and that it is absolutely worth protecting. Great for teachers too!ABOUT THE SERIESThe KubuTM series educates children about the rich and varied environments the world has to offer, instilling in them a love for the beauty of nature and the land.From the Trade Paperback edition.
Ocean Governance
by Yen-Chiang ChangOcean--a source of life, has been overused and heavily polluted. While the traditional approaches might not be able to solve the complexity of the ocean governance issues, there is a need to adopt a new way of thinking in order to deal with the current problems. This book emphasises the importance of law and policy while generating ocean governance initiatives. "Good Ocean Governance" as a new way of thinking, needs to be supported by legislation and decision makers. It is, therefore, necessary to examine whether the idea of good ocean governance exists within the international legal system and is subsequently subject to transfer into the domestic law. During this transaction process, a number of examples provided from the United States, Canada and Australia help to demonstrate the broad picture. Also included are discussions on the governance of marine resources, ship recycling and marine pollution, the impact of maritime clusters as well as social and culture impact of ports. The ultimate aim of this book is to tease out more new ideas and discussions on ocean governance issues.
Ocean Governance (Beyond) Borders
by Jennifer Turner Kimberley PetersThis Open Access book “Ocean Governance (Beyond) Borders” is concerned with the persistence of bordering in ocean space, and the possibilities that might arise if we think beyond borders for modes of oceanic management, engaging the ocean’s fluid physicality and the mobile human and more-than-human life entangled with it. At a moment where ocean governance is a pressing topic amongst academics, policy makers, governments and non- governmental agencies alike, this book takes on one of the most overlooked but central devices underscoring many modes of oceanic management: the border. Uniquely combining contemporary border scholarship with cutting edge ocean governance research this book tackles themes ranging from biodiversity conservation and asylum regulations to shipping management measures, tourism, and the growing blue economy. This edited volume hence explores varied bordering practices, whilst also addressing the ‘common-senseness’ with which bordering is deployed at sea, questioning – and problematising – its function and efficacy. Throughout 12 carefully curated chapters, authors ask: What borders are present in the seas and oceans, where and why? In doing this the book offers readers a simple provocation: Do we need borders? And can we govern differently?
Ocean Governance: Knowledge Systems, Policy Foundations and Thematic Analyses (MARE Publication Series #25)
by Anna-Katharina Hornidge Maria Hadjimichael Stefan PartelowThis Open Access book on Ocean Governance examines sustainability challenges facing our oceans today. The book is organized into three sections: knowledge systems, policy foundations and thematic analyses. The knowledge produced in the book was catalyzed by the scientific outcomes within the European-funded Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) network “Ocean Governance for Sustainability – Challenges, Options and the Role of Science”. This network brings together scientists, policy-makers and civil society representatives from 28 nation states to cooperate on ocean governance research. This book offers a compilation of new research material including focused case studies, broad policy syntheses and reflective chapters on the history and current status of knowledge production systems on ocean governance. New research material is presented, although some chapters draw on secondary sources. The book starts with synthetic review chapters from the editors, outlining past and present knowledge systems, addressing how and why ocean governance for sustainability is where it currently stands with critical reflections on existing narratives, path dependencies and colonialist histories. This is followed by chapters addressing, synthesizing and analyzing different legal and policy frameworks for ocean governance both regionally and internationally. At the core of the book are the thematic analyses, which provide focused case studies with detailed contextual information in support of different ocean governance challenges and sustainability pathways around the world. The book concludes with a chapter explicitly targeting students, researchers and policy-makers with key take-away messages compiled by the editors.
Ocean Literacy: Understanding the Ocean (Key Challenges in Geography)
by Kostis C. Koutsopoulos Jan H. StelThis book provides an original review of Ocean Literacy as a component of public policy in Europe and beyond. The impact of the ocean on human activities is one of the most significant environmental issues facing humanity. By offering valuable insights into the interrelationships between geography, environment, marine science and education, the book explores key issues relating to the future of our planet and the way people respond to them. This volume discusses concepts concerning citizenship education and co-creation and the role of public policy and different international initiatives in raising awareness and mitigating the effects of over-use and misuse of valuable resources. A range of innovative projects are presented and evaluated from the local to national and global levels.This book advances knowledge and provides a picture of these advances, presents the issues and challenges, including the important role that geography education and geographical awareness could play in advancing the case for Ocean Literacy.This crossdisciplinary book appeals to students and scientists as well as professionals and practitioners in geography, environmental and marine sciences, international policy and many related fields.
Ocean Mixing
by Michael C. GreggThe stratified ocean mixes episodically in small patches where energy is dissipated and density smoothed over scales of centimeters. The net effect of these countless events effects the shape of the ocean's thermocline, how heat is transported from the sea surface to the interior, and how dense bottom water is lifted into the global overturning circulation. This book explores the primary factors affecting mixing, beginning with the thermodynamics of seawater, how they vary in the ocean and how they depend on the physical properties of seawater. Turbulence and double diffusion are then discussed, which determines how mixing evolves and the different impacts it has on velocity, temperature, and salinity. It reviews insights from both laboratory studies and numerical modelling, emphasising the assumptions and limitations of these methods. This is an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students working to advance our understanding of mixing, including oceanographers, atmospheric scientists and limnologists.