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Modern Trends in Cartography
by Jan Brus Alena Vondrakova Vit VozenilekThe fast exchange of information and knowledge are the essential conditions for successful and effective research and practical applications in cartography. For successful research development, it is necessary to follow trends not only in this domain, but also try to adapt new trends and technologies from other areas. Trends in cartography are also quite often topics of many conferences which have the main aim to link research, education and application experts in cartography and GIS&T into one large platform. Such the right place for exchange and sharing of knowledge and skills was also the CARTOCON2014 conference, which took place in Olomouc, Czech Republic, in February 2014 and this book is a compilation of the best and most interesting contributions. The book content consists of four parts. The first part New approaches in map and atlas making collects studies about innovative ways in map production and atlases compilation. Following part of the book Progress in web cartography brings examples and tools for web map presentation. The third part Advanced methods in map use includes achievement of eye-tracking research and users' issues. The final part Cartography in practice and research is a clear evidence that cartography and maps played the significant role in many geosciences and in many branches of the society. Each individual paper is original and has its place in cartography.
The Modern Urban Landscape (Routledge Revivals)
by Edward RelphFirst published in 1987, this book provides a wide-ranging account of how modern cities have come to look as they do — differing radically from their predecessors in their scale, style, details and meanings. It uses many illustrations and examples to explore the origins and development of specific landscape features. More generally it traces the interconnected changes which have occurred in architecture and aesthetic fashions, in planning, in economic and social conditions, and which together have created the landscape that now prevails in most of the cities of the world. This book will be of interest to students of architecture, urban studies and geography.
Modern Water Resources Engineering
by Lawrence K. Wang Chih Ted YangThe Handbook of Environmental Engineering series is an incredible collection of methodologies that study the effects of pollution and waste in their three basic forms: gas, solid, and liquid. This exciting new addition to the series, Volume 15: Modern Water Resources Engineering , has been designed to serve as a water resources engineering reference book as well as a supplemental textbook. We hope and expect it will prove of equal high value to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, to designers of water resources systems, and to scientists and researchers. A critical volume in the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series, chapters employ methods of practical design and calculation illustrated by numerical examples, include pertinent cost data whenever possible, and explore in great detail the fundamental principles of the field. Volume 15: Modern Water Resources Engineering, provides information on some of the most innovative and ground-breaking advances in the field today from a panel of esteemed experts.
Modern Well Design: Second Edition
by Bernt S. AadnoyModern Well Design - Second Edition presents a unified approach to the well design process and drilling operations. Following an introduction to the field, the second chapter addresses drilling fluids, as well as optimal mud weight, hole cleaning, hydraulic optimization, and methods to handle circulation losses. A relatively large chapter on geomec
Moderne mathematische Methoden der Physik
by Karl-Heinz Goldhorn Hans-Peter Heinz Margarita KrausDer Vorzug des Buchs liegt in der strengen Konzentration auf das Wesentliche. Dabei deckt der Stoff ein breites Spektrum mathematischer Konzepte und Methoden ab und ist so angeordnet, dass er den Bedürfnissen der Studierenden folgt. Neben mathematischen Beweisen, die Studierende mit mathematischer Denkweise konfrontieren, bietet das Lehrbuch Aufgaben, von denen ein Großteil dem Einüben von Rechentechniken dient. Theoretische Aufgaben helfen, Begriffe zu klären und logisches Argumentieren zu üben. Das Glossar enthält alle Definitionen und Sätze.
Modernity, Metatheory, and the Temporal-Spatial Divide: From Mythos to Techne (Routledge Approaches to History #10)
by Michael KimaidThis book is about how modernity affects our perceptions of time and space. Its main argument is that geographical space is used to control temporal progress by channeling it to benefit particular political, economic and social interests, or by halting it altogether. By incorporating the ancient Greek myth of the Titanomachy as a conceptual metaphor to explore the elemental ideas of time and space, the author argues that hegemonic interests have developed spatial hierarchy into a comprehensive system of technocratic monoculture, which interrupts temporal development in order to maintain exclusive power and authority. This spatial stasis is reinforced through the control of historical narratives and geographical settings. While increasingly comprehensive, the author argues that this state of affairs can best be challenged by focusing on the development of "unmappable places" which presently exist within the socio-spatial matrix of the modern world.
Modernization and Political Actions in the Brazilian Amazon: The City of Barcarena, Pará (SpringerBriefs in Latin American Studies)
by João Santos NahumThis book offers an analysis of the territory of Barcarena, in the Brazilian Amazon. The author studies the land use and the implemented modernization policies that made it one of the richest cities of the state. The political system uses this territory as a resource to provide for the needs of a small circle of social agents. A system of conservative political actions enforces the process of modernization of the Baracena territory. Innovations in the Barcarena territory, such as the implementation of the aluminium factory Albras/Alunorte and the territorial configuration or public administration, lead to modernization simulations and artificial devices. The intended effect however is more about appearing to be modern, than actual modernization. The territorial use of Barcarena is aimed to protect the interests and privileges of the elite.
Modes Of Governance And Revenue Flows In African Mining
by Bonnie K. CampbellAcademics, policy-makers and practitioners from Africa and beyond document new ways of thinking about issues concerning governance and revenue flows in mining activities in Ghana, Mali and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Modification of Magnetic Properties of Iron Clusters by Doping and Adsorption
by Gennady L. Gutsev Kalayu G. Belay Lavrenty G. Gutsev Charles A. WeatherfordThis brief is based on computations performed on unary neutral and charged iron clusters, binary iron clusters, and iron clusters interacting with carbon and oxygen atoms as well as with a number of diatomics and water. The author considers geometrical structure, thermodynamic stability and electronic properties which are compared with experimental data. Special attention is paid to the dependence of total spin magnetic moments of iron clusters on their size, charge and interactions with dopant and absorbed atoms. In the dopant case, species such as 3d-metal, 4d-metal, Al, and Gd atoms are considered. In the adsorption case interactions of carbon atoms with iron clusters as the initial stage of catalyzed carbon nanotube growth are presented. Interactions of iron clusters with oxygen atoms are presented and the superexchange mechanism is discussed. Of special interest is the tracking of changes due to the evolution from a few atoms to a nanocluster.
Modified and Quantum Gravity: From Theory to Experimental Searches on All Scales (Lecture Notes in Physics #1017)
by Christian Pfeifer Claus LämmerzahlThis book discusses theoretical predictions and their comparison with experiments of extended and modified classical and quantum theories of gravity. The goal is to provide a readable access and broad overview over different approaches to the topic to graduate and PhD students as well as to young researchers. The book presents both, theoretical and experimental insights and is structured in three parts. The first addresses the theoretical models beyond special and general relativity such as string theory, Poincare gauge theory and teleparallelism as well as Finsler gravity. In turn, the second part is focused on the observational effects that these models generate, accounting for tests and comparisons which can be made on all possible scales: from the universe as a whole via binary systems, stars, black holes, satellite experiments, down to laboratory experiments at micrometer and smaller scales. The last part of this book is dedicated to quantum systems and gravity, showing tests of classical gravity with quantum systems, and coupling of quantum matter and gravity.
A Modified Baseline Incineration Process For Mustard Projectiles At Pueblo Chemical Depot
by National Research CouncilThe National Academies Press (NAP)--publisher for the National Academies--publishes more than 200 books a year offering the most authoritative views, definitive information, and groundbreaking recommendations on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health. Our books are unique in that they are authored by the nation's leading experts in every scientific field.
The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops
by Malcolm J. Hawkesford Peter BarracloughEfforts to increase efficient nutrient use by crops are of growing importance as the global demand for food, fibre and fuel increases and competition for resources intensifies. The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops provides both a timely summary of the latest advances in the field as well as anticipating directions for future research. The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops bridges the gap between agronomic practice and molecular biology by linking underpinning molecular mechanisms to the physiological and agronomic aspects of crop yield. These chapters provide an understanding of molecular and physiological mechanisms that will allow researchers to continue to target and improve complex traits for crop improvement.Written by leading international researchers, The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops will be an essential resource for the crop science community for years to come.Special Features:coalesces current knowledge in the areas of efficient acquisition and utilization of nutrients by crop plants with emphasis on modern developments addresses future directions in crop nutrition in the light of changing climate patterns including temperature and water availability bridges the gap between traditional agronomy and molecular biology with focus on underpinning molecular mechanisms and their effects on crop yield includes contributions from a leading team of global experts in both research and practical settings
Molecular Approaches for the Detection of Fungal Phytopathogens
by Deepa Nagaraju Sreenivasa Marikunte Yanjarappa Charith Raj Adkar PurushothamaThis book discusses recent advancements and updates in the molecular diagnostics of fungal phytopathogens. The techniques covered in the seventeen chapters help in understanding the importance of early detection of fungal pathogens and their toxins in both post- and pre-harvest stages of crop production. Molecular Approaches for the Detection of Fungal Phytopathogens describes the fungal identification and isolation from different sources such as food, feed and cereals using molecular approaches. These include variants of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) involving: generic (genus and species) and gene-specific primers, RNA-sequence-based next-generation sequences, microarrays, serial analysis of gene expression, fluorescence in-situ hybridization, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, macroarrays, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, magnetic capture hybridization-PCR, nanotechnology, and immunoassays providing faster and more sensitive approaches than traditional methods that overcome challenges by developing novel disease control strategies.Features Explores various diagnostic strategies for phytopathogens Discusses early detection methods when fungal spores are low or there are no visible symptoms Provides a historical perspective and compares the traditional methods of detection with the current molecular techniques Describes details of the protocol of every technique mentioned Covers point-of-care testing for fungal pathogens and quality assurance for molecular testing in plant health
Molecular Approaches in Natural Resource Conservation and Management
by Keith E. Woeste Jr. J. Andrew Dewoody John W. Bickham Charles H. Michler Krista M. Nichols Olin E. RhodesRecent advances in molecular genetics and genomics have been embraced by many in natural resource conservation. Today, several major conservation and management journals are now using "genetics" editors to deal solely with the influx of manuscripts that employ molecular data. The editors have attempted to synthesize some of the major uses of molecular markers in natural resource management in a book targeted not only at scientists but also at individuals actively making conservation and management decisions. To that end, the text features contributors who are major figures in molecular ecology and evolution - many having published books of their own. The aim is to direct and distill the thoughts of these outstanding scientists by compiling compelling case histories in molecular ecology as they apply to natural resource management.
Molecular Aspects of Plant-Pathogen Interaction
by Archana Singh Indrakant K. SinghThe book offers an integrated overview of plant–pathogen interactions. It discusses all the steps in the pathway, from the microbe–host-cell interface and the plant’s recognition of the microbe to the plant’s defense response and biochemical alterations to achieve tolerance / resistance. It also sheds light on the classes of pathogens (bacteria, fungus and viruses); effector molecules, such as PAMPs; receptor molecules like PRRs and NBS-LRR proteins; signaling components like MAPKs; regulatory molecules, such as phytohormones and miRNA; transcription factors, such as WRKY; defense-related proteins such as PR-proteins; and defensive metabolites like secondary metabolites. In addition, it examines the role of post-genomics, high-throughput technology (transcriptomics and proteomics) in studying pathogen outbreaks causing crop losses in a number of plants. Providing a comprehensive picture of plant-pathogen interaction, the updated information included in this book is valuable for all those involved in crop improvement.
Molecular Biological Technologies for Ocean Sensing
by Sonia M. Tiquia-ArashiroThe development of ocean sensors remains a ripe area for future investigation from science, policy and systemsengineering standpoints. Clearly, there are many options forrealizing integrated molecular analytical sensing systems. The definition of key target molecules, detection methodsand signal transduction models largely remain to be determined.Moreover, there remains ahuge challenge of merging this new class of instrument with different deployment platforms, and supplying necessarypower and data telemetry infrastructure for their operation. Molecular Biological Technologies for Ocean Sensing features methods papers on the application of ecogenomic sensors on autonomous platforms in the ocean. Topics include the use of ecogenomic sensors as a tool in whole-cell and cell-free based detection and monitoring a suite of pathogens and biotoxins that are of public health concern; documenting species diversity, evolution and metabolic function; identification and quantification of aquatic organisms; and inferring metabolic potential and activities of microorganisms in the ocean. Each contribution focuses on the (1) functional requirements for detecting specific microorganisms and the genes that they harbor and express;(2) examples of research activities that take advantage of molecular detection technologies;(3) some of the challenges faced when projecting development and use of novel instruments that will utilize molecular techniques onboard autonomous platforms;and future directions. Bringing these advancements on autonomous platforms, monitoring required sample collection and processing schemes will differ from those currently used (i.e. biomedical diagnostics). This book is the first of its kind to compile current technologies for studying organisms in situ. It will aid in transfer technology to oceanographers, ecologists, microbiologists, and environmental scientists with needs for a remote, in-water sensing capability and for integration with larger scale observatory operations. With this network in place, there is a potential to bridge the gap among regulatory agencies and academics about how this kind of technology can be used for research and monitoring purposes.
Molecular Breeding in Wheat, Maize and Sorghum: Strategies for Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Yield
by Pradeep Kumar Natasha Sharma Shabir Hussain Wani Santosh Kumar Muhammad Sarwar Khan Charan Singh Rod Snowdon Pardeep Kumar Professor David Edwards Andrea Acuna Muhammad Amjad Ali John Amalraj Maria Arguello Arushi Arora Diana Ballesteros Bhoja R Basnet Salma Bhyan Richard Boyles Faïçal Brini Yibo Cao S Antony Ceasar Nidhi Chakma Subhadra Chakrabarty Moutoshi Chakraborty Harmeet Singh Chawla Dharampal Choudhary Mukesh Choudhary M C Dagla Mônica Furaste Danilevicz Abhijit Kumar Das Haixiao Dong Kate Dreher Susanne Dreisigacker Xiaorong Fan Maria Laura Federico Cassandria Tay Fernandez Ertugrul Filiz Monika Garg Claudia Teixeira Guimaraes Karama Hamdi K Hariprasanna Firoz Hossain Guanghui Hu Zhaorong Hu B S Jat Caifu Jiang Faiz Ahmad Joyia Mehar Kamboj Chikkappa Karjagi Lovenpreet Kaur Emna Khanfir Rajesh Khulbe Bhupender Kumar Firat Kurt Zhao Li Yun-Hua Liu Ningthaipuilu Longmei Damar Lopez-Arredondo Jurandir Vieira de Magalhaes T Maharajan Jacob Marsh R. Esten Mason Clémentine Mercé Ghulam Mustafa Vignesh Muthusamy Sudha K Nair Zhongfu Ni Kazutoshi Okuno Geoffrey Onaga Huiru Peng Jorge Fernando Pereira Sacn Perera Bhukya Prakash Lydia Pramitha P Rajendrakumar Mantena Raju Savaram Vr Rao Ali Razzaq P Sanjana Reddy Trenton Roberts G Victor Roch Umesh R Rosyara Pawan Saini Sindhu Sareen Gajanan Saykhedkar André Schaffasz Armin Scheben Tariq Shehzad Sonia Sheoran Ishwar Singh Prabha Singh Vishal Singh Nithya Subramanian Qixin Sun Madhumal Thayil Vinayan Yiqiao Wang Steffen Windpassinger Kerstin Wydra Yinping Jiao Mingming Xin Ines Yacoubi Pranjal Yadava Yingyin Yao Kuohai Yu Yaping Yuan Pervez Haider Zaidi Hong-Bin Zhang Meiping Zhang Zhiwu Zhang Rajkumar U ZunjareThe global population is projected to reach almost 10 billion by 2050, and food and feed production will need to increase by 70%. Wheat, maize and sorghum are three key cereals which provide nutrition for the majority of the world's population. Their production is affected by various abiotic stresses which cause significant yield losses. The effects of climate change also increase the frequency and severity of such abiotic stresses. Molecular breeding technologies offer real hope for improving crop yields. Although significant progress has been made over the last few years, there is still a need to bridge the large gap between yields in the most favorable and most stressful conditions. This book: - Provides a valuable resource for wheat, maize and sorghum scientists working on breeding and molecular biology, physiology and biotechnology. - Presents the latest in-depth research in the area of abiotic stress tolerance and yield improvements. - Contains the necessary information to allow plant breeders to apply this research to effectively breed new varieties of these crops. It provides a consolidated reference for plant breeders and crop scientists working on the challenges of enhanced crop productivity and climate change adaptability.
Molecular Diversity of Environmental Prokaryotes
by Thiago Bruce Rodrigues and Amaro Emiliano Trindade SilvaThis book correlates the vast genetic diversity associated with environmental samples and still underexploited potential for the development of biotechnology products. The book points out the potential of different types of environmental samples. It presents the main characteristics of microbial diversity, the main approaches used for molecular characterization of the diversity, and practical examples of application of the exploration of the microbial diversity. It presents a not-yet-explored structure for discussing the main topics related to molecular biology of environmental prokaryotes and their biotechnological applications.
Molecular Dynamics
by Ruben SantamariaThis molecular dynamics textbook takes the reader from classical mechanics to quantum mechanics and vice versa, and from few-body systems to many-body systems. It is self-contained, comprehensive, and builds the theory of molecular dynamics from basic principles to applications, allowing the subject to be appreciated by readers from physics, chemistry, and biology backgrounds while maintaining mathematical rigor. The book is enhanced with illustrations, problems and solutions, and suggested reading, making it ideal for undergraduate and graduate courses or self-study. With coverage of recent developments, the book is essential reading for students who explore and characterize phenomena at the atomic level. It is a useful reference for researchers in physics and chemistry, and can act as an entry point for researchers in nanoscience, materials engineering, genetics, and related fields who are seeking a deeper understanding of nature.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Statistical Physics: Theory and Applications (Scientific Computation)
by Hiqmet KamberajThis book presents computer simulations using molecular dynamics techniques in statistical physics, with a focus on macromolecular systems. The numerical methods are introduced in the form of computer algorithms and can be implemented in computers using any desired computer programming language, such as Fortran 90, C/C++, and others. The book also explains how some of these numerical methods and their algorithms can be implemented in the existing computer programming software of macromolecular systems, such as the CHARMM program. In addition, it examines a number of advanced concepts of computer simulation techniques used in statistical physics as well as biological and physical systems. Discussing the molecular dynamics approach in detail to enhance readers understanding of the use of this method in statistical physics problems, it also describes the equations of motion in various statistical ensembles to mimic real-world experimental conditions. Intended for graduate students and research scientists working in the field of theoretical and computational biophysics, physics and chemistry, the book can also be used by postgraduate students of other disciplines, such as applied mathematics, computer sciences, and bioinformatics. Further, offering insights into fundamental theory, it as a valuable resource for expert practitioners and programmers and those new to the field.
Molecular Ecology and Conservation Genetics of Neotropical Mammals
by Maximiliano Nardelli Juan Ignacio TúnezAlthough all living beings modify their environment, human beings have acquired the ability to do so on a superlative space-time scale. As a result of industrialization and the use of new technologies, the anthropogenic impact has been increasing in the last centuries, causing reductions in the sizes or the extinction of numerous wild populations. In this sense, from the field of conservation genetics, various efforts have been made in recent decades to provide new knowledge that contributes to the conservation of populations, species, and habitats. In this book, we summarize the concrete contributions of researchers to the conservation of the Neotropical mammals using Molecular Ecology techniques.The book is divided into three major sections. The first section provides an up-to-date review of the conservation status of Neotropical mammals, the applications of the molecular markers in its conservation, and the use of non-invasive and forensic genetic techniques. The second and third sections present, respectively, a series of case studies in various species or taxonomic groups of Neotropical mammals.
The Molecular Life of Diatoms
by Angela Falciatore Thomas MockDiatoms are the most species rich group of algae, and they contribute about 20% of annual global carbon fixation. They play major roles in ocean food webs and global biogeochemical cycles. They are also a target of the biotechnology industry because of their nano-patterned silica cell wall and high lipid content. Diatoms have received increasing attention as more genomes became available and because of the development of genome editing tools such as the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which has made diatoms as genetically tractable as well-established biological model species. This book provides an overview on diatom molecular biology. It brings together international leading experts in the field to discuss the latest data and developments from genes to ecosystems. As the understanding of diatoms is currently experiencing a step change, it is critical to allow for synergistic approaches on diverse aspects of diatom biology and evolution. The books offers fundamental insights into the molecular life of diatoms; at the same time new scientific concepts are developed based on the application of the latest molecular tools and genomic information to explore the fascinating lifestyle of diatoms.
Molecular Magnetic Materials: Concepts and Applications
by Barbara Sieklucka Dawid PinkowiczA comprehensive overview of this rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field of research. After a short introduction to the basics of magnetism and molecular magnetism, the text goes on to cover specific properties of molecular magnetic materials as well as their current and future applications. Design strategies for acquiring molecular magnetic materials with desired physical properties are discussed, as are such multifunctional materials as high Tc magnets, chiral and luminescent magnets, magnetic sponges as well as photo- and piezo-switching magnets. The result is an excellent resource for materials scientists, chemists, physicists and crystal engineers either entering or already working in the field.
Molecular Magnets
by Juan Bartolomé Fernando Luis Julio F. FernándezThis book provides an overview of the physical phenomena discovered in magnetic molecular materials over the last 20 years. It is written by leading scientists having made the most important contributions to this active area of research. The main topics of this book are the principles of quantum tunneling and quantum coherence of single-molecule magnets (SMMs), phenomena which go beyond the physics of individual molecules, such as the collective behavior of arrays of SMMs, the physics of one-dimensional single-chain magnets and magnetism of SMMs grafted on substrates. The potential applications of these physical phenomena to classical and quantum information, communication technologies, and the emerging fields of molecular spintronics and magnetic refrigeration are stressed. The book is written for graduate students, researchers and non-experts in this field of research.
Molecular Mobility in Deforming Polymer Glasses: Theories and Applications (SpringerBriefs in Materials)
by Nikhil PadhyeThis book bridges disparate fields in an exploration of the phenomena and applications surrounding molecular mobility in glassy materials experiencing inelastic deformation. The subjects of plastic deformation and polymer motion/interdiffusion currently belong to the two different fields of continuum mechanics and polymer physics, respectively. However, molecular motion associated with plastic deformation is a key ingredient to gain fundamental understanding, both at the macroscopic and microscopic level. This short monograph provides necessary background in the aforementioned fields before addressing the topic of molecular mobility accompanied by macroscopic inelastic deformation in an accessible and easy-to-understand manner. A new phenomenon of solid-state deformation-induced bonding in polymers is discussed in detail, along with some broad implications in several manufacturing sectors. Open questions pertaining to mechanisms, mechanics, and modeling of deformation-induced bonding in polymers are presented. The book’s clear language and careful explanations will speak to readers of diverse backgrounds.