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Practicing Qualitative Methods in Health Geographies (Geographies of Health Series)
by Nancy E. Fenton Jamie BaxterHealth geographers are increasingly turning to a diverse range of interpretative methodologies to explore the complexities of health, illness, space and place to gain more comprehensive understandings of well-being and broader social models of health and health care. Drawing upon postmodernism, many health geographers are concerned with issues of representation, the body and health care policy. Also related to an emphasis on the body is the growing literature in feminist health geography that investigates the metaphorical, physical and emotional challenges of the body and disease. Reflecting these interests, the chapters in this book set out the host of creative qualitative methods being used to explore the psychosocial experiences of individuals more directly, using such traditional methods as in-depth interviews and group discussions, participant observation, diaries and discourse analysis, but also more novel techniques such as 'go-along interviews’, reflexive writing, illustrations, and photographic techniques. There are several areas of qualitative research unique to geographers which figure prominently in this volume including: health and place, comparative case study analysis, and qualitative approaches to the use of geographic information systems (GIS). This collection brings together a wide range of empirical concerns related to questions of health and shines a light on the diversity of qualitative methods in practice. Illustrating how qualitative methodologies are used in diverse health contexts this book fills an important niche for health geographers but will have wide appeal to health and geographic researchers.
Practising Cultural Geographies: Essays in Honour of Rana P. B. Singh (Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements)
by Bharat Dahiya Arun K. Singh Ravi S. Singh Padma C. PoudelThis festschrift honours Prof. Rana P.B. Singh who has dedicated his life to teaching and conducting research on cultural geography with a ‘dweller Indian perspective’. The book focuses on the cultural geographies of India, and to an extent that of South Asia. It is a rich collection of 23 essays on the themes apprised by him, covering landscapes, religion, heritage, pilgrimage and tourism, and human settlements.
Practising Empowerment in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Wine, Ethics and Development (Critical Food Studies)
by Agatha HermanDespite the promise and optimism surrounding the post-apartheid transition, South African society continues to be highly racialised in its discourses, identities and practices, even within the very strategies that aim to change power relations and heal racialised divisions. Renowned for its brutal past practices, the wine industry in South Africa has long been associated with white power and black exploitation, and remains dogged by continuing allegations of poor working conditions and labour abuses. Through in-depth, longitudinal fieldwork, this book considers how different ethics interact and draws attention to the positive changes and continuing development challenges faced in South Africa. Situating practice at its heart, it brings a novel, everyday and micro-scale dimension to understandings of empowerment in the post-apartheid South African wine industry. It develops a critical analysis of the interplay between practice, as scaled and inherently spatial, and discourse to conceptualise how 'big' concepts such as empowerment are articulated, materialised and experienced at the ground level. Through this, it gives voices to the marginalised who experience 'empowerment', setting these within the context of their relations with the other stakeholders who shape this engagement. This book contributes to broader critical social science debates around ethical development and questions of power and empowerment in development interventions. This is critical to reducing the disconnection between policy aims and realities within development and empowerment initiatives, as well as enabling (ethical) commodities to be strategic in retaining their appeal throughout their networks.
Practising Human Geography
by Ian Cook Joe Painter Philip Crang Paul J. Cloke Mark A. Goodwin Christopher Philo'Filling an enormous gap in the geographic literature, here is a terrific book that shows us how to think about and practice human geographic research' - Professor Jennifer Wolch, University of Southern California `Practising Human Geography lucidly, comprehensively, and sometimes passionately shows why methodology matters, and why it is often so hard. To choose a method is to choose the kind of geographical values one wants to uphold. You need to get it right.These authors do' - Trevor Barnes, University of British Columbia `Practising Human Geography is a godsend for students. Written in an accessible and engaging style, the book demystifies the study of geographical methodology, offering a wealth of practical advice from the authors' own research experience. This is not a manual of approved geographical techniques. It is a reflexive, critical and highly personal account, combining historical depth with up-to-the-minute examples of research in practice. Practising Human Geography is a comprehensive and theoretically informed introduction to the practices of fieldwork, data collection, interpretation and writing, enabling students to make sense of their own data and to develop a critical perspective on the existing literature. The book makes complicated ideas approachable through the effective use of case studies and a firm grasp of contemporary debates' - Peter Jackson, Professor of Human Geography, University of Sheffield Practising Human Geography is a critical introduction to key issues in the practice of human geography, informed by the question 'how do geographers do research?' In examining those methods and practices that are essential to doing geography, the text presents a theoretically-informed discussion of the construction and interpretation of geographical data - including: the use of core research methodologies; using official and non-official sources; and the interpretative role of the researcher. Framed by an overview of how ideas of practising human geography have changed, the twelve chapters offer a comprehensive and integrated overview of research methodologies. The text is illustrated throughout with text boxes, case studies, and definitions of key terms. Practising Human Geography will introduce geographers - from undergraduate to faculty - to the core issues that inform research design and practice.
A Practitioner's Guide to Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation
by Kristine Ciruna Nicole SilkA Practitioner's Guide to Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation brings together knowledge and experience from conservation practitioners and experts around the world to help readers understand the global challenge of conserving biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems. More importantly, it offers specific strategies and suggestions for managers to use in establishing new conservation initiatives or improving the effectiveness of existing initiatives. The book: offers an understanding of fundamental issues by explaining how ecosystems are structured and how they support biodiversity; provides specific information and approaches for identifying areas most in need of protection; examines promising strategies that can help reduce biodiversity loss; and describes design considerations and methods for measuring success within an adaptive management framework. The book draws on experience and knowledge gained during a five-year project of The Nature Conservancy known as the Freshwater Initiative, which brought together a range of practitioners to create a learning laboratory for testing ideas, approaches, tools, strategies, and methods. For professionals involved with land or water management-including state and federal agency staff, scientists and researchers working with conservation organizations, students and faculty involved with freshwater issues or biodiversity conservation, and policymakers concerned with environmental issues-the book represents an important new source of information, ideas, and approaches.
Pragmatic Justifications for the Sustainable City: Acting in the common place (Routledge Equity, Justice and the Sustainable City series)
by Meg HoldenWhat can justice and sustainability mean, pragmatically speaking, in today’s cities? Can justice be the basis on which the practices of city building rely? Can this recognition constitute sustainability in city building, from a pragmatic perspective? Today, we are faced with a mountain of reasons to lose hope in any prospect of moving closer to justice and sustainability from our present position in civilization. Pragmatic Justifications for the Sustainable City: Acting in the Common Place offers a critical and philosophical approach to revaluating the way in which we think and talk about the "sustainable city" to ensure that we neither lose the thread of our urban history, nor the means to live well amidst diversity of all kinds. By building and rebuilding better habits of urban thinking, this book promotes the reconstruction of moral thinking, paving the way for a new urban sustainability model of justice. Utilizing multidisciplinary case studies and building upon anti-foundationalist principles, this book offers a pragmatic interpretation of sustainable development concepts within our emerging global urban context and will be a valuable resource for both undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as academics and professionals in the areas of urban and planning policy, sociology, and urban and environmental geography.
A Pragmatist Orientation for the Social Sciences in Climate Policy: How to Make Integrated Economic Assessments Serve Society (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science #323)
by Martin KowarschThis book develops a new science-policy model for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and other socio-economic assessments of climate policy options. The work presented in this volume is systematically based on John Dewey's philosophy and inevitable fact/value entanglement in economics, and this work adds to current debates on science in policy. The model developed here could also promote deliberative democracy as an alternative to value dogmatism or procedural liberalism. The "Pragmatic Enlightened Model" presented here shows that experts should, in a participatory process, map the entire solution space by exploring alternative political pathways and their manifold practical consequences. This would allow a rational consideration even of controversial, value-laden policy goals through a comparative evaluation of their consequences, potentially requiring a revision of said values or goals. This book provides orientation for both assessment practitioners and their critical observers. Policymakers, stakeholders and public officials in the field of climate policy will find this work of interest, as will scholars from various disciplines, especially economics. Furthermore, researchers working on deliberative democracy, philosophy of economics, pragmatist meta-ethics, models of PPA (public policy analysis), STS (science and technology studies) with a focus on scientific policy advice, RIA (regulatory impact assessment), as well as the history of global environmental assessments, will find this work particularly valuable.
Prairie
by Candace SavageThorough, detailed, and scientifically up-to-date, Prairies: A Natural History provides a comprehensive nontechnical guide to the biology and ecology of the prairies, or the Great Plains grasslands of North America, offering a view of the past, a vision for the future, and a clear focus on the present. With a total area of more than 3.5 million square kilometers (500,000 in Canada and the remainder in the United States), the prairies occupy the heartland of the continent, a vast, windswept plain that flows from Alberta south to Texas and from the Rockies east to the Mississippi River. This is big sky country-the largest ecosystem in North America and, until recently, one of the richest and most magnificent natural grasslands in the world. Today, however, the North American prairies are among the most altered environments on Earth.
A Prairie Boy's Winter
by William KurelekText and twenty color paintings depict the rigors and simple pleasures during the stark 1930s.
Prairie Crossing: Creating an American Conservation Community
by John Scott WatsonCarved out of century-old farmland near Chicago, the Prairie Crossing development is a novel experiment in urban public policy that preserves 69 percent of the land as open space. The for-profit project has set out to do nothing less than use access to nature as a means to challenge America's failed culture of suburban sprawl. The first comprehensive look at an American conservation community, Prairie Crossing goes beyond windmills and nest boxes to examine an effort to connect adults to the land while creating a healthy and humane setting for raising a new generation attuned to nature. John Scott Watson places Prairie Crossing within the wider context of suburban planning, revealing how two first-time developers implemented a visionary new land ethic that saved green space by building on it. The remarkable achievements include a high rate of resident civic participation, the reestablishment of a thriving prairie ecosystem, the reintroduction of endangered and threatened species, and improved water and air quality. Yet, as Watson shows, considerations like economic uncertainty, lack of racial and class diversity, and politics have challenged, and continue to challenge, Prairie Crossing and its residents.
Prairie Dog Song: The Key to Saving North America's Grasslands
by Susan L. Roth Cindy TrumboreFocusing on the role of prairie dogs as a keystone species, this book tells the connected histories of the North American grassland prairies and current efforts to preserve and recover the Janos grasslands in northern Mexico.For thousands of years, green and gold grasses covered North America from Canada to Mexico. The prairie and desert grasslands were home to a variety of animals, from small prairie dogs to huge bison. But in the nineteenth century, ranching and farming took hold in the grasslands, and over time many of the animals and plants vanished. Then, in the late 1980s, scientists discovered a region in Mexico where green and gold grasses still waved and prairie dogs still barked. The scientists understood the importance of this grassland ecosystem and the prairie dogs' key role in it. Could they now preserve the area and bring back its lost animals and plants? This moving nonfiction tale of environmental recovery builds on the success of the acclaimed Parrots Over Puerto Rico and The Mangrove Tree. Cumulative song text plus prose passages combine to celebrate North America's grasslands, their iconic prairie dogs, and the dedicated scientists who work to make the grasslands healthy again.
Prairie Dogs (Animals)
by Mari SchuhHave you ever seen a hole in the ground and wondered what's beneath it? It could be a prairie dog! These cute little mammals build communities of underground tunnels. Get all the facts about prairie dogs, and find out what's going on beneath the surface.
Prairie Ghost: Pronghorn and Human Interaction in Early America (G - Reference, Information And Interdisciplinary Subjects Ser.)
by Richard E. McCabe Henry M. Reeves Bart W. O'GaraA Wildlife Management Institute Book In this lavishly illustrated volume Richard E. McCabe, Bart W. O'Gara and Henry M. Reeves explore the fascinating relationship of pronghorn with people in early America, from prehistoric evidence through the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876. The only one of fourteen pronghorn-like genera to survive the great extinction brought on by human migration into North America, the pronghorn has a long and unique history of interaction with humans on the continent, a history that until now has largely remained unwritten. With nearly 150 black-and-white photographs, 16 pages of color illustrations, plus original artwork by Daniel P. Metz, Prairie Ghost: Pronghorn and Human Interaction in Early America tells the intriguing story of humans and these elusive big game mammals in an informative and entertaining fashion that will appeal to historians, biologists, sportsmen and the general reader alike. Winner of the Wildlife Society's Outstanding Book Award for 2005
Prairie Ghost
by Bart W O'Gara Richard E Mccabe Henry M ReevesIn this lavishly illustrated volume, Richard E. McCabe, Bart W. O'Gara and Henry M. Reeves explore the fascinating relationship of pronghorn with people in early America, from prehistoric evidence through the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876. The only one of fourteen pronghorn-like genera to survive the great extinction brought on by human migration into North America, the pronghorn has a long and unique history of interaction with humans on the continent, a history that until now has largely remained unwritten. With nearly 150 black-and-white photographs, 16 pages of color illustrations, plus original artwork by Daniel P. Metz, Prairie Ghost: Pronghorn and Human Interaction in Early America tells the intriguing story of humans and these elusive big game mammals in an informative and entertaining fashion that will appeal to historians, biologists, sportsmen and the general reader alike.
The Prairie that Nature Built
by Marybeth LorbieckiNature on the prairie, including both wildlife and wildfire, is a rich and closely knit ecosystem, as reflected in the interlocking verses of this simple story. Endnotes present facts, activities, related games, and resources
Prairie Town
by Bonnie GeisertDuring the early 1900s, railroad companies laid tracks across America's open land. In fields of grass beside the new tracks prairie towns grew. The towns prospered amid the golden wheat fields, and grain elevators dominated the skyline. Bonnie Geisert's clear text explores the social and economic life of one of these towns, while the dramas of everyday life can be experienced in Arthur Geisert's panoramic hand-colored etchings. Here is a fascinating view of life in a thriving midwestern town, told with respect and affection for the resilient townspeople, as they work and play, their lives directly affected by the changing seasons.
Praxishandbuch Nachhaltige Produktentwicklung: Ein Leitfaden mit Tipps zur Entwicklung und Vermarktung nachhaltiger Produkte
by Ulrich Scholz Sven Pastoors Joachim H. Becker Daniela Hofmann Rob Van DunNachhaltige Lebensmittel, nachhaltige Textilien, nachhaltiger Konsum – immer mehr Unternehmen orientieren sich am Trend und den Grundsätzen der nachhaltigen Entwicklung. Damit bedienen sie nicht nur einen wachsenden Markt, sondern schonen gleichzeitig natürliche Ressourcen und senken so ihre Produktionskosten. Das Praxishandbuch zeigt Unternehmen, wie sie ihre Produktion und ihr Marketing langfristig auf nachhaltige Methoden und Techniken umstellen können. Dabei folgen die Autoren dem Green Marketing. Dieser Ansatz geht auf das steigende Umweltbewusstsein der Kunden ein und hilft so Unternehmen, die eigene Marktposition mithilfe nachhaltiger Produkte zu stärken. Die Autoren richten sich damit an mittelständische Unternehmen sowie Entscheider und Führungskräfte in größeren Unternehmen, die wissen möchten, wie sie mit umweltbewusster Produktentwicklung neue Märkte erschließen und ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit steigern können.Die insgesamt 21 Kapitel sind in vier große Themenblöcke zusammengefasst: „Grundlagen der Nachhaltigkeit“, „Grundlagen der Produktentwicklung“, „Phasen der nachhaltigen Produktentwicklung“ und „Ausblick“. Dabei geht es sowohl um grundsätzliche, als auch praktische Fragen: Welche Faktoren begünstigen die Entwicklung nachhaltiger Produkte? Was sind die betrieblichen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen? Was sind die Phasen der nachhaltigen Produktentwicklung? Und wie können Unternehmen umweltfreundliche Produkte am besten vermarkten? Die Kapitel bauen inhaltlich aufeinander auf, sind aber in sich abgeschlossen und auch unabhängig voneinander gut verständlich. Daher lässt sich das Buch gut als Leitfaden oder Nachschlagewerk benutzen. Darüber hinaus eignet sich der Band als Lehrbuch an Berufs- und Fachhochschulen.
Praxisleitfaden Amphibien- und Reptilienschutz: Schnell - Präzise - Hilfreich
by Dieter Glandt Martin LayMit diesem handlichen Band werden Ihnen schnelle und zuverlässige Informationen in knapper übersichtlicher Form über alle mitteleuropäischen Amphibien- und Reptilienarten geboten.Frösche, Kröten, Unken, Molche, Salamander, Echsen und Schlangen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz werden behandelt. Dabei wird der Schwerpunkt auf die Gefährdung der Arten, deren Ursachen und besonders auf praktische Schutz- und Hilfsmaßnahmen gelegt.Studierende, freiberufliche Biologen, Landschaftsplaner und Naturschützer werden mit Gewinn dieses Nachschlagewerk bei Ihrer Arbeit nutzen. Interessierte Laien werden es gern in die Hand nehmen. Ziel der Maßnahmen soll sein, ein intaktes Netz in Verbindung stehender Populationen aufrecht zu halten oder dort, wo dies nicht der Fall ist, aufzubauen.Der Amphibien- und Reptilienschutz wird eingebettet in den Gesamtkomplex Naturschutz, wozu ein vorangestelltes allgemeines Kapitel dient. Verdeutlicht wird auch, dass diese Tiere einen wichtigen Stellenwert im Naturhaushalt (Stoffkreislauf) haben.
Praxisleitfaden Corporate Digital Responsibility: Unternehmerische Verantwortung und Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement im Digitalzeitalter
by Saskia DörrDie Digitalisierung transformiert rasant die globale Wirtschaft – mit neuen Problemen für Individuen, Gemeinschaft und den Planeten. Doch was bedeutet dies praktisch für unternehmerische Verantwortung und Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement? Dieses Buch beschreibt fundiert, wie sich Unternehmensverantwortung im Zeitalter von Big Data und Künstlicher Intelligenz verändert und wie Corporate Digital Responsibility zu einem nachhaltigen Wettbewerbsvorteil für Unternehmen im digitalen Wandel führen kann. Es liefert Verantwortlichen in Unternehmen einen umfassenden Leitfaden, wie sie die innovativen Aspekte professionell in der Praxis umsetzen können und versetzt sie in die Lage, den Unternehmenserfolg im Zuge der Digitalisierung gesellschaftlich verantwortlich zu gestalten.Sie erfahren, welche „unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen" die Digitalisierung hat und wie sich Unternehmensverantwortung verändert.Sie können den Status der Corporate Digital Responsibility im Unternehmen bestimmen.Sie sind in der Lage, eine Strategie der Digitalverantwortung zu entwickeln und Managementinstrumente gezielt zur Umsetzung einzusetzen.Sie meistern die Herausforderungen im dynamischen Markt- und Gesellschaftsumfeld und erzielen Wirkung. Best-Practice-Beispiele von namhaften Pionierunternehmen helfen dabei, einen eigenen Weg zu finden.Dieser Leitfaden ist eine Einladung an Führungspersönlichkeiten in Unternehmen, Corporate-Responsibility-Verantwortliche, Nachhaltigkeitsberater und alle Interessierten, die Möglichkeiten einer verantwortungsvollen Digitalisierung kennenzulernen und selbst unternehmerisch auszugestalten. Er bildet einen gut strukturierten Einstieg in das noch junge Fachgebiet des Managements und der Unternehmensführung.
Praxisleitfaden Logistik für Nachhaltige Lebensstile (essentials)
by Arbeitskreis Innovative Logistik Für Nachhalt LebensstileDas vorliegende essential enthält eine Reihe von Tools, welche sich im Rahmen des dreijährigen, BMBF-geförderten Projekts „Innovative Logistik für Nachhaltige Lebensstile (ILoNa)“ als besonders hilfreich für die praktische Umsetzung einer Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie von Logistikunternehmen herausgestellt haben. Eine Besonderheit liegt dabei in der konsequenten Umsetzung der Konsumentenperspektive: So wird die Interaktion mit den Endkunden – seien es Käufer im Supermarkt oder Online-Käufer – als erfolgsrelevanter Faktor in die Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie miteinbezogen und es wird Unternehmen der Logistikbranche aufgezeigt, wie sie ihre zentrale Rolle als verbindendes Element von Wertschöpfungsstufen und Akteuren verantwortlich wahrnehmen können.
Praxiswissen in der Messtechnik: Arbeitsbuch für Techniker, Ingenieure und Studenten
by Wolfgang HelbigIn diesem Buch wird eine systematische praxisbezogene Grundlage für viele unterschiedliche Prüfaufgaben vermittelt. Der Leser ist in kurzer Zeit in der Lage, Probleme der Messtechnik zu erkennen und für eine optimale Lösung richtig zu analysieren. Durch zahlreiche aktuelle Praxisbeispiele werden auch Veränderungen des Messergebnisses durch Fremdfelder betrachtet. Die Gesamtmessunsicherheit wird mit Hilfe von Modellgleichungen analysiert und dokumentiert. Das Buch eignet sich sehr gut als Nachschlagewerk für Techniker und Ingenieure sowie als studienbegleitende Literatur.
Praying and Campaigning with Environmental Christians
by Maria NitaThis book presents an ethnographic study of environmental Christian networks involved in the climate and transition towns movements. Maria Nita examines the ways in which green Christians engage with their communities and networks, as well as other activist networks in the broader green movement. The book interrogates key categories in the field of religious studies which intersect activist concerns, including spirituality, community, and ritual. In this sociological exploration the author uses existing research tools, such as discourse analysis, and proposes new theoretical models for the investigation of network expansion, religious identity, and relationality through ritual. Nita examines the mechanisms underlying the greening of religion and thus offers an in-depth analysis of prayers, rituals, and religious practices, such as praying through painting, fasting for the planet, and sharing the green Eucharist in or with nature.
Pre-carboniferous Evolution of the San Rafael Block, Argentina: Implications in the Gondwana Margin (Springer Earth System Sciences)
by Carlos Alberto CingolaniScientists around the world have been interested in understanding the evolution of Gondwana and its interaction to Laurentia
Pre-Colombian Cities (Routledge Library Editions - The City)
by Jorge Enrique HardoyWhat visitor to Mexico City, unaware of its pre-Hispanic history, could imagine that right under a Christian Church may still lie the remains of the sinister tzompantli, the Aztecs' altar of skulls? Professor Jorge Hardoy poses this question and many more in his comprehensive summary of the ancient cities where Latin America's peoples lived before the Spaniards arrived in the sixteenth century. Because Aztec Tenochtitlan, today Mexico City, and Inca Cuzco represent the culmination of the two most advanced civilizations encountered by the Spainsh conquistadors, the author explores these cities end-to-end. He also studies such older civic memorial centers as Teotichuacan, Tula, Monte Alban, Uxmal, Chichen Itza, Tikal, Palenque, Tiahuanaco, Chan Chan, Pachacamac, Machu Picchu, and lesser know sites, most virtually, if not totally, abandoned centuries before the Conquest. Such inclusive coverage makes for a lively discussion of some fifteen hundred years of urban life as immortalized in the architecture, art, and crafts of long vanished civilizations. There is an extensive bibliography, many photographs, maps, charts and city plans showing urban layouts of temples, which tell much about the life of the inhabitants. His book shows that while new findings come to light each year, so much buried history lies waiting to be found that archaology will always be an ever unfolding drama. This book was first published in 1973.
Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies (Geophysical Monograph Series #234)
by Dimitar Ouzounov Sergey Pulinets Katsumi Hattori Patrick TaylorPre-Earthquake signals are advanced warnings of a larger seismic event. A better understanding of these processes can help to predict the characteristics of the subsequent mainshock. Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies presents the latest research on earthquake forecasting and prediction based on observations and physical modeling in China, Greece, Italy, France, Japan, Russia, Taiwan, and the United States. Volume highlights include: Describes the earthquake processes and the observed physical signals that precede them Explores the relationship between pre-earthquake activity and the characteristics of subsequent seismic events Encompasses physical, atmospheric, geochemical, and historical characteristics of pre-earthquakes Illustrates thermal infrared, seismo–ionospheric, and other satellite and ground-based pre-earthquake anomalies Applies these multidisciplinary data to earthquake forecasting and prediction Written for seismologists, geophysicists, geochemists, physical scientists, students and others, Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies offers an essential resource for understanding the dynamics of pre-earthquake phenomena from an international and multidisciplinary perspective.