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A Primer on Nonmarket Valuation (The Economics of Non-Market Goods and Resources #13)
by Thomas C. Brown Patricia A. Champ Kevin J. BoyleThis is a practical book with clear descriptions of the most commonly used nonmarket methods. The first chapters of the book provide the context and theoretical foundation of nonmarket valuation along with a discussion of data collection procedures. The middle chapters describe the major stated- and revealed-preference valuation methods. For each method, the steps involved in implementation are laid out and carefully explained with supporting references from the published literature. The final chapters of the book examine the relevance of experimentation to economic valuation, the transfer of existing nonmarket values to new settings, and assessments of the reliability and validity of nonmarket values. The book is relevant to individuals in many professions at all career levels. Professionals in government agencies, attorneys involved with natural resource damage assessments, graduate students, and others will appreciate the thorough descriptions of how to design, implement, and analyze a nonmarket valuation study.
A Primer On String Theory
by Volker SchomerusSince its conception in the 1960s, string theory has been hailed as one of the most promising routes we have to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity. This book provides a concise introduction to string theory explaining central concepts, mathematical tools and covering recent developments in physics including compactifications and gauge/string dualities. With string theory being a multidisciplinary field interfacing with high energy physics, mathematics and quantum field theory, this book is ideal for both students with no previous knowledge of the field and scholars from other disciplines who are looking for an introduction to basic concepts.
Primes and Particles: Mathematics, Mathematical Physics, Physics
by Martin H. KriegerMany philosophers, physicists, and mathematicians have wondered about the remarkable relationship between mathematics with its abstract, pure, independent structures on one side, and the wilderness of natural phenomena on the other. Famously, Wigner found the "effectiveness" of mathematics in defining and supporting physical theories to be unreasonable, for how incredibly well it worked. Why, in fact, should these mathematical structures be so well-fitting, and even heuristic in the scientific exploration and discovery of nature? This book argues that the effectiveness of mathematics in physics is reasonable. The author builds on useful analogies of prime numbers and elementary particles, elementary structure kinship and the structure of systems of particles, spectra and symmetries, and for example, mathematical limits and physical situations. The two-dimensional Ising model of a permanent magnet and the proofs of the stability of everyday matter exemplify such effectiveness, and the power of rigorous mathematical physics. Newton is our original model, with Galileo earlier suggesting that mathematics is the language of Nature.
The Princeton Guide to Ecology
by Simon A. LevinThe Princeton Guide to Ecology is a concise, authoritative one-volume reference to the field's major subjects and key concepts. Edited by eminent ecologist Simon Levin, with contributions from an international team of leading ecologists, the book contains more than ninety clear, accurate, and up-to-date articles on the most important topics within seven major areas: autecology, population ecology, communities and ecosystems, landscapes and the biosphere, conservation biology, ecosystem services, and biosphere management. Complete with more than 200 illustrations (including sixteen pages in color), a glossary of key terms, a chronology of milestones in the field, suggestions for further reading on each topic, and an index, this is an essential volume for undergraduate and graduate students, research ecologists, scientists in related fields, policymakers, and anyone else with a serious interest in ecology. Explains key topics in one concise and authoritative volume Features more than ninety articles written by an international team of leading ecologists Contains more than 200 illustrations, including sixteen pages in color Includes glossary, chronology, suggestions for further reading, and index Covers autecology, population ecology, communities and ecosystems, landscapes and the biosphere, conservation biology, ecosystem services, and biosphere management
Principal Bundles: The Classical Case (Universitext)
by Stephen Bruce SontzThis introductory graduate level text provides a relatively quick path to a special topic in classical differential geometry: principal bundles. While the topic of principal bundles in differential geometry has become classic, even standard, material in the modern graduate mathematics curriculum, the unique approach taken in this text presents the material in a way that is intuitive for both students of mathematics and of physics. The goal of this book is to present important, modern geometric ideas in a form readily accessible to students and researchers in both the physics and mathematics communities, providing each with an understanding and appreciation of the language and ideas of the other.
Principal Component Regression for Crop Yield Estimation
by T. M. V. Suryanarayana P. B. MistryThis book highlights the estimation of crop yield in Central Gujarat, especially with regard to the development of Multiple Regression Models and Principal Component Regression (PCR) models using climatological parameters as independent variables and crop yield as a dependent variable. It subsequently compares the multiple linear regression (MLR) and PCR results, and discusses the significance of PCR for crop yield estimation. In this context, the book also covers Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a statistical procedure used to reduce a number of correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components (PC). This book will be helpful to the students and researchers, starting their works on climate and agriculture, mainly focussing on estimation models. The flow of chapters takes the readers in a smooth path, in understanding climate and weather and impact of climate change, and gradually proceeds towards downscaling techniques and then finally towards development of principal component regression models and applying the same for the crop yield estimation.
The Principia: The Authoritative Translation
by Sir Isaac NewtonIn his monumental 1687 work, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, known familiarly as the Principia, Isaac Newton laid out in mathematical terms the principles of time, force, and motion that have guided the development of modern physical science. Even after more than three centuries and the revolutions of Einsteinian relativity and quantum mechanics, Newtonian physics continues to account for many of the phenomena of the observed world, and Newtonian celestial dynamics is used to determine the orbits of our space vehicles. This authoritative, modern translation by I. Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman, the first in more than 285 years, is based on the 1726 edition, the final revised version approved by Newton; it includes extracts from the earlier editions, corrects errors found in earlier versions, and replaces archaic English with contemporary prose and up-to-date mathematical forms. Newton's principles describe acceleration, deceleration, and inertial movement; fluid dynamics; and the motions of the earth, moon, planets, and comets. A great work in itself, the Principia also revolutionized the methods of scientific investigation. It set forth the fundamental three laws of motion and the law of universal gravity, the physical principles that account for the Copernican system of the world as emended by Kepler, thus effectively ending controversy concerning the Copernican planetary system. The translation-only edition of this preeminent work is truly accessible for today's scientists, scholars, and students.
The Principia: The Authoritative Translation and Guide
by Sir Isaac NewtonIn his monumental 1687 work, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, known familiarly as the Principia, Isaac Newton laid out in mathematical terms the principles of time, force, and motion that have guided the development of modern physical science. Even after more than three centuries and the revolutions of Einsteinian relativity and quantum mechanics, Newtonian physics continues to account for many of the phenomena of the observed world, and Newtonian celestial dynamics is used to determine the orbits of our space vehicles. This authoritative, modern translation by Cohen and Whitman, the first in over 285 years, is based on the 1726 edition, the final revised version approved by Newton; it includes extracts from the earlier editions, corrects errors found in earlier versions, and replaces archaic English with contemporary prose and up-to-date mathematical forms. Newton's principles describe acceleration, deceleration, and inertial movement; fluid dynamics; and the motions of the earth, moon, planets, and comets. A great work in itself, the Principia also revolutionized the methods of scientific investigation. It set forth the fundamental three laws of motion and the law of universal gravity, the physical principles that account for the Copernican system of the world as emended by Kepler, thus effectively ending controversy concerning the Copernican planetary system. The illuminating Guide to the Principia by I. Bernard Cohen, along with his and Anne Whitman's translation, make this preeminent work truly accessible for today's scientists, scholars, and students.
The Principia. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Foundations)
by Sir Isaac Newton Professor Marika TaylorNewton's bold masterwork helped shaped the cultural landscape of the world today. Now in a digestible, pocket format for the modern reader.New concise edition with a new introduction, abridged for the modern reader. The Principia. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy is one of the most important scientific works ever to have been written and has had a profound impact on modern science. Consisting of three separate books, the Principia states Newton&’s laws of motion and Newton&’s law of universal gravitation. Understanding and acceptance of these theories was not immediate, however by the end of the seventeenth century no one could deny that Newton had far exceeded all previous works and revolutionised scientific thinking.The FLAME TREE Foundations series features core publications which together have shaped the cultural landscape of the modern world, with cutting-edge research distilled into pocket guides designed to be both accessible and informative.
Principle, Design and Optimization of Air Balancing Methods for the Multi-zone Ventilation Systems in Low Carbon Green Buildings
by Xin Zhang Can Cui Wen-Jian Cai Hui Cai Gang JingThis book presents a systematic study on the air balancing technologies in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Several modern air balancing methods, including advanced control-based air balancing, data-driven-based air balancing, and energy-saving-oriented air balancing, are introduced in this book to balance the air duct system. Furthermore, this book provides clear instructions for both HVAC designers and engineers, as well as researchers, on how to design and balance duct systems for improved performance and energy efficiency.
Principles and Applications of Well Logging
by Hongqi LiuThis book primarily focuses on the principles and applications of electric logging, sonic logging, nuclear logging, production logging and NMR logging, especially LWD tools, Sondex production logging tools and other advanced image logging techniques, such as ECLIPS 5700, EXCELL 2000 etc. that have been developed and used in the last two decades. Moreover, it examines the fundamentals of rock mechanics, which contribute to applications concerning the stability of borehole sidewall, safety density window of drilling fluid, fracturing etc. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for a wide range of readers, including students majoring in petrophysics, geophysics, geology and seismology, and engineers working in well logging and exploitation.
Principles and Applications of Well Logging
by Hongqi LiuThis book primarily focuses on the principles and applications of electric logging, sonic logging, nuclear logging, production logging and NMR logging, especially LWD tools, Sondex production logging tools and other advanced image logging techniques, such as ECLIPS 5700, EXCELL 2000 etc. that have been developed and used in the last two decades. Moreover, it examines the fundamentals of rock mechanics, which contribute to applications concerning the stability of borehole sidewall, safety density window of drilling fluid, fracturing etc. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for a wide range of readers, including students majoring in petrophysics, geophysics, geology and seismology, and engineers working in well logging and exploitation.
Principles and Applications of Well Logging (Springer Mineralogy)
by Hongqi LiuThis book primarily focuses on the principles and applications of electric logging, sonic logging, nuclear logging, production logging and NMR logging, especially LWD tools, Sondex production logging tools and other advanced image logging techniques, such as ECLIPS 5700, EXCELL 2000 etc. that have been developed and used in the last two decades. Moreover, it examines the fundamentals of rock mechanics, which contribute to applications concerning the stability of borehole sidewall, safety density window of drilling fluid, fracturing etc. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for a wide range of readers, including students majoring in petrophysics, geophysics, geology and seismology, and engineers working in well logging and exploitation.
Principles and Practice in Mining Engineering
by Abhay Kumar Soni Ishwardas L. Muthreja Rajendra R. YerpudePrinciples and Practice in Mining Engineering is an up-to-date introduction to the scientific principles and technological practices of mining engineering. This book introduces the processes involved in surface and underground mining, and covers many topical issues common to mining engineering practices, including mining and quarrying methods, environmental protection measures, finance and investment, policy and mining education. Recent technology and innovations (technovations) in the mining and mineral industry, including digital mines, IoT/IIoT, AI, and machine learning, are also discussed. Seven case studies of mines and mining operation from different parts of the globe are included to demonstrate how various minerals, including lithium, potash, copper, gold, uranium, and coal, are extracted. These case studies are written by experienced industry professionals working for reputable companies. Suggested readings, references, websites, and conversion tables for mining engineering applications are included at the end of the book for the reader’s reference. Principles and Practice in Mining Engineering gives practical, real-world knowledge to the mining workforce engaged in the mining and minerals industry globally. This book is also aimed at students, scientists, academics, NGOs, and professionals just entering the mining industry.
Principles and Technologies of Flotation Machines (Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering)
by Zhengchang ShenThis book highlights the principles and technologies of flotation machine mainly used in mineral processing in detail. Froth flotation is one of the most important mineral processing techniques. Over 90% of the nonferrous minerals and 50% of the ferrous minerals in the world are treated using flotation: a complicated technique including procedures from chemistry, physics and multi-scale fluid mechanics. The book introduces readers to air-forced and air-induced flotation cells and discusses the various mechanical structures and working principles involved. A number of examples from industrial engineering practice are also discussed throughout the book, helping readers to better understand the technology and relevant equipment. The book is intended for researchers, professionals and graduate students in the fields of mining and mineral processing engineering.
Principles for Building Resilience
by Biggs, Reinette and Schlüter, Maja and Schoon, Michael L. Reinette Biggs Maja Schlüter Michael L. SchoonAs both the societies and the world in which we live face increasingly rapid and turbulent changes, the concept of resilience has become an active and important research area. Reflecting the very latest research, this book provides a critical review of the ways in which resilience of social-ecological systems, and the ecosystem services they provide, can be enhanced. With contributions from leaders in the field, the chapters are structured around seven key principles for building resilience: maintain diversity and redundancy; manage connectivity; manage slow variables and feedbacks; foster complex adaptive systems thinking; encourage learning; broaden participation; and promote polycentric governance. The authors assess the evidence in support of these principles, discussing their practical application and outlining further research needs. Intended for researchers, practitioners and graduate students, this is an ideal resource for anyone working in resilience science and for those in the broader fields of sustainability science, environmental management and governance.
Principles of Alluvial Fan Morphology
by Dan BowmanThis book offers a comprehensive overview of the alluvial fan phenomena, including all terminology, morphology, sedimentology, controlling factors, processes and the human impact. It combines the knowledge dispersed widely in existing literature with regional case studies, color figures and photographs. The chapters provide a useful basis to understand alluvial fans and a selection of papers attached to each chapter offers additional, more focused reading. This volume is aimed at engineers, planners and especially students in earth sciences.
Principles of Animal Biometeorology
by Roberto Gomes da Silva Alex Sandro Campos MaiaThe book begins by describing in detail the mechanisms of energy exchange - radiative, convective, conductive and evaporative - together with techniques for their determination. The discussion extends to the importance of CO2, ozone and methane, together with that of aerosol pollutants and the evolution of atmospheric CO2. Subsequent chapters apply the results of the biophysical methods to mammals, birds and aquatic animals. Discussion includes problems of shelter and shade for animals in tropical environments and techniques for the thermal evaluation for shelters and for several tree types. The details of heat exchange between animals and the environment are presented, in separate chapters covering Mammals and Birds and Aquatic Mammals. A chapter on Shade and Shelter describes the importance of shade for animals, factors of shade efficiency, the protections offered by shelter and methods of calculating the protection afforded by both shade and shelter. A Special Methods chapter offers a variety of techniques for evaluating cutaneous and respiratory evaporation, and practical methods for sampling of hairs and the evaluation of hair coat characteristics.
Principles of Business & Management: Practicing Ethics, Responsibility, Sustainability
by Oliver LaaschIn light of seismic global events including the Covid-19 pandemic; the Black Lives Matter movement; the war in Ukraine; and extreme weather incidents propelled by climate change, there has never been a more important time to learn about management in ways that not only benefit business, but also help confront the world’s challenges, support people and planet, and contribute to peace and prosperity for all. Fully revised and once again endorsed by the UN’s Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) initiative, this popular textbook equips you with the skills to become a responsibly, ethically and sustainably minded business professional. Featuring two brand-new chapters on Behaving and Digitalizing, over 50 new and updated case studies, pioneer interviews and practitioner profiles, as well as a wide range of exercises and worksheets, the book also integrates the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to help promote sustainable development as essential to business and management today. This essential textbook can be used for a wide range of courses from introductory business/management to responsible/sustainable management, business ethics, business and society, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Oliver Laasch is a Chaired Professor of Responsible Management at ESCP Business School, and an Adjunct Professor of Social Entrepreneurship at the University of Manchester.
Principles of Business & Management: Practicing Ethics, Responsibility, Sustainability
by Oliver LaaschIn light of seismic global events including the Covid-19 pandemic; the Black Lives Matter movement; the war in Ukraine; and extreme weather incidents propelled by climate change, there has never been a more important time to learn about management in ways that not only benefit business, but also help confront the world’s challenges, support people and planet, and contribute to peace and prosperity for all. Fully revised and once again endorsed by the UN’s Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) initiative, this popular textbook equips you with the skills to become a responsibly, ethically and sustainably minded business professional. Featuring two brand-new chapters on Behaving and Digitalizing, over 50 new and updated case studies, pioneer interviews and practitioner profiles, as well as a wide range of exercises and worksheets, the book also integrates the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to help promote sustainable development as essential to business and management today. This essential textbook can be used for a wide range of courses from introductory business/management to responsible/sustainable management, business ethics, business and society, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Oliver Laasch is a Chaired Professor of Responsible Management at ESCP Business School, and an Adjunct Professor of Social Entrepreneurship at the University of Manchester.
Principles of Chemical Separations with Environmental Applications
by Richard D. Noble Patricia A. TerryThis introduction to chemical separations technology presents the chemical and/or physical basis of different techniques and explains how to evaluate them for design and analysis. Chemical separations are of central importance in many areas of environmental science, whether it is cleaning up polluted water or soil, the treatment of discharge streams from chemical processes, or modification of a specific process to decrease its environmental impact. This textbook is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses on environmental separations or environmental engineering. Many worked examples and over 100 homework problems are key highlights.
Principles of Complexity Economics: Concepts, Methods and Applications (Classroom Companion: Economics)
by Michael RoosThis textbook serves as an introduction to the rising field of complexity economics. In thirteen chapters, it provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the concepts and methods of complexity economics and their applications to economic issues. The book explains that the complexity approach is not just another method, but a worldview that is different from the one of academics with neoclassical training. By contrasting complexity economics with neoclassical economics, the readers are induced to reflect on their own unconscious beliefs about the economic world and develop their own approach to dealing with the pervasive complexities and uncertainties of reality. The first five chapters serve as an introduction and overview. Chapters 6 - 12 present the core concepts of the book. Each of the seven chapters introduces a key concept of complexity and provides applications to economics topics. The final chapter discusses the implications of complexity thinking for economic policy and for the future development of economics.This textbook addresses advanced undergraduate students and graduate students of economics, interested in a better understanding of the concepts and the way of thinking in complexity economics, as well as in acquiring a sound technical foundation to understand most of the research literature.
Principles of Data Assimilation
by Seon Ki Park Milija ZupanskiData assimilation is theoretically founded on probability, statistics, control theory, information theory, linear algebra, and functional analysis. At the same time, data assimilation is a very practical subject, given its goal of estimating the posterior probability density function in realistic high-dimensional applications. This puts data assimilation at the intersection between the contrasting requirements of theory and practice. Based on over twenty years of teaching courses in data assimilation, Principles of Data Assimilation introduces a unique perspective that is firmly based on mathematical theories, but also acknowledges practical limitations of the theory. With the inclusion of numerous examples and practical case studies throughout, this new perspective will help students and researchers to competently interpret data assimilation results and to identify critical challenges of developing data assimilation algorithms. The benefit of information theory also introduces new pathways for further development, understanding, and improvement of data assimilation methods.
Principles of Ecology in Plant Production
by Thomas Sinclair Albert Weiss Franklin GardnerProduction of food fibre and fuel is vital for humanity, and as the world population continues to rise, demands on these resources is ever increasing. In a context of growing worldwide concern about sustainability and environmental impacts of cropland, grassland and forestry practices, this textbook provides an introduction to the processes that define the ecology and environment of plant production. Core principles are examined such as soil-plant relationships, genetic manipulation and diversity, yield and water requirements, as well as physical factors such as solar radiation, temperature and weather. Fully updated with new chapters on climate change and biofuels, this edition is an important text for students and researchers in agronomy, forestry, botany, ecology and environmental sciences. Praise for the first edition: 'I highly recommend this book for undergraduate students in plant production courses. It is easy to read, well-structured and of high scientific level...also useful for a more general readership' Scientia Horticulturae
Principles of Ecosystem Stewardship
by Gary P. Kofinas M. C. Chapin F. Stuart Chapin III Carl FolkeThis is a textbook for Natural Resource Management, Resource Conservation and Ecosystem Management, as well as other related or more specialized courses. Most textbooks on natural resource and ecosystem management are dominated by a steady-state view that interprets change as gradual and incremental and disregards interactions across scales. Management implementation of steady-state theory and policies tends to invest in controlling a few selected ecosystem processes, at the expense of long-term social-ecological resilience - i.e., the capacity of the system to cope with surprise and abrupt changes. Loss of resilience makes systems more vulnerable to both expected and unforeseen changes. Achieving desirable outcomes for humanity, such as those of the UN Millennium Development Goals on poverty, food security, and environmental sustainability, will require new integrated and adaptive approaches to social and economic development, where the complex interconnectedness between humans and nature, at all scales, is considered and the existence of uncertainty and surprise accepted as the rule. The purpose of this textbook is to provide a new framework for resource management - a framework based on the necessity of managing resources in a world dominated by uncertainty and change. The book links recent advances in the theory of resilience, sustainability, and vulnerability with practical issues of resource management.