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Permafrost Ecosystems
by Akira Osawa Olga A. Zyryanova Takuya Kajimoto Yojiro Matsuura Ross W. WeinDrawing from a decade-long collaboration between Japan and Russia, this important volume presents the first major synthesis of current knowledge on the ecophysiology of the coniferous forests growing on permafrost at high latitudes. It presents ecological data for a region long inaccessible to most scientists, and raises important questions about the global carbon balance as these systems are affected by the changing climate. Making up around 20% of the entire boreal forests of the northern hemisphere, these 'permafrost forest ecosystems' are subject to particular constraints in terms of temperature, nutrient availability, and root space, creating exceptional ecosystem characteristics not known elsewhere. This authoritative text explores their diversity, structure, dynamics and physiology. It provides a comparison of these forests in relation to boreal forests elsewhere, and concludes with an assessment of the potential responses of this unique biome to climate change. The book will be invaluable to advanced students and researchers interested in boreal vegetation, forest ecology, silviculture and forest soils, as well as to researchers into climate change and the global carbon balance.
The Permafrost Environment (Routledge Revivals)
by Stuart A. HarrisOriginally published in 1986, The Permafrost Environment examines how the search for oil, gas and minerals in the arctic region instigated new and vitally important needs to understand the permafrost environment. The construction of roads, airfields, buildings and pipelines in this inhospitable environment has posed enormous problems for engineers and geologists. This book is a comprehensive review of the nature of the permafrost environment and its utilization. It looks at environmental processes and their effects and examines the management problems which result. It provides a detailed look at how normal procedures for construction etc. need to be modified to cope with the special conditions and it gives examples from throughout the arctic region, including Canada, Siberia, Alaska, Greenland and Northern Scandinavia.
Permafrost Hydrology
by Ming-Ko WooPermafrost Hydrology systematically elucidates the roles of seasonally and perennially frozen ground on the distribution, storage and flow of water. Cold regions of the World are subject to mounting development which significantly affects the physical environment. Climate change, natural or human-induced, reinforces the impacts. Knowledge of surface and ground water processes operating in permafrost terrain is fundamental to planning, management and conservation. This book is an indispensable reference for libraries and researchers, an information source for practitioners, and a valuable text for training the next generations of cold region scientists and engineers.
Permafrost in Canada
by Roger J.E. BrownPermafrost is the thermal condition of the earth's crust when its temperature has been below 32°F continuously for a number of years. Half of Canada's land surface lies in the permafrost region--either in the continuous zone where the ground is frozen to a depth of hundreds of feet, or in the discontinuous zone where permafrost is thinner, and there are areas of unfrozen ground.The existence of permafrost causes problems for the development of the northern regions of all countries extending into the Arctic. Mining operations are hindered by frozen ore which resists blasting and is difficult to thaw. Agriculture is restricted by the presence of permafrost near the ground surface which limits the soil available for plant growth. Engineering structures are also affected by the low temperatures. Ice layers give soil a rock-like structure with high strength. However heat transmitted by buildings often causes the ice to melt, and the resulting slurry is unable to support the structure. Many settlements in northern Canada have examples of structural damage or failure caused by permafrost. In the construction and maintenance of railways, buildings, water and sewage lines, dams, roads, bridges, and airfields, normal techniques must often be modified at additional cost because of permafrost.For the last twenty-five years scientific investigations and engineering projects have increased steadily in Canada's permafrost region, and it is now technically possible to build any structure or conduct any activity on the worst soils and under permafrost conditions.This comprehensive analysis of permafrost--its origin, definition, and occurrence, and the effect it has on industry and agriculture--will be invaluable to the growing number of people working in the north and to those interested in its development.
Permeable Reactive Barrier: Sustainable Groundwater Remediation (Advances in Trace Elements in the Environment #1)
by Ravi NaiduRemediation of groundwater is complex and often challenging. But the cost of pump and treat technology, coupled with the dismal results achieved, has paved the way for newer, better technologies to be developed. Among these techniques is permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology, which allows groundwater to pass through a buried porous barrier that either captures the contaminants or breaks them down. And although this approach is gaining popularity, there are few references available on the subject. Until now. Permeable Reactive Barrier: Sustainable Groundwater Remediation brings together the information required to plan, design/model, and apply a successful, cost-effective, and sustainable PRB technology. With contributions from pioneers in this area, the book covers state-of-the-art information on PRB technology. It details design criteria, predictive modeling, and application to contaminants beyond petroleum hydrocarbons, including inorganics and radionuclides. The text also examines implementation stages such as the initial feasibility assessment, laboratory treatability studies (including column studies), estimation of PRB design parameters, and development of a long-term monitoring network for the performance evaluation of the barrier. It also outlines the predictive tools required for life cycle analysis and cost/performance assessment. A review of current PRB technology and its applications, this book includes case studies that exemplify the concepts discussed. It helps you determine when to recommend PRB, what information is needed from the site investigation to design it, and what regulatory validation is required.
Permeation Grouting for Liquefaction Countermeasures: Implementation and Performance Evaluation
by Yoshihisa Sugimura Kiyonobu KasamaAcademic and industry experts describe the use of chemical (permeation) grouting beneath an airport runway to improve ground resistance to liquefaction. They present the cost, environmental, and operational benefits; specifications; methodology; and practical results of this cutting-edge method. Because transportation infrastructure such as ports and airports are required to operate even in the event of a large earthquake, they must be resilient against liquefaction.Through contributions from experts in academia and industry, this book describes the discovery of construction defects at three airports in Japan and the subsequent project to repair and strengthen the ground using chemical grouting using environmentally friendly colloidal silica, the first time this technique was used in Japan. This book first describes chemical grouting and its benefits, its specifications, and field investigation results of its ground improvement performance. Next, it demonstrates a numerical and probabilistic method to model spatial variability in material properties of field data on improved ground. Finally, it explains a performance-based verification for airport runway availability in terms of bearing capacity and runway flatness after a large earthquake. Through its clear explanations, this book enables readers to implement chemical grouting and enjoy the cost, environmental, access, and operational benefits of this technique over traditional methodologies that would require temporary site closure and large-scale excavation. Because the concept and methodology described in this book are applicable to various geological, geotechnical, and seismological conditions depending on the location and structural and operational conditions depending on the infrastructure type, this book is a useful resource for geotechnical and other infrastructure engineers who must strengthen the ground without disrupting normal operations.
Permit Trading in Different Applications (Routledge Explorations In Environmental Economics #33)
by Bernd Hansjürgens Ralf Antes Marianne StrunzPermit trading is an environmental policy instrument that has received increasing levels of attention over recent years. Coming from the field of air quality management, with the European CO2 emissions trading system being the most prominent example, it enters new fields of application, such as land use policy and biodiversity protection, water quality and water quantity trading. This book gives an overview of these recent developments and discusses the possibilities and limits of permit trading in environmental policies. The advantages of permit trading are not only seen with respect to economic efficiency, which leads to achieving the environmental target at minimum cost, but also with respect to the instrument’s environmental effectiveness. By setting a cap for the overall emissions, a given environmental target can be met. This makes permit trading an interesting case for many environmental fields where safeguarding the environmental target plays a dominant role. Against this background, permit trading is discussed in environmental policy fields, where it has not been considered before, for example, land use management, biodiversity protection and water trading. Permit Trading in Different Applications analyses the properties of permit trading: its possibilities and limitations, its design options and its restrictions on a more general level. It demonstrates how lessons learnt in established policy fields like air quality management can be transferred to new and emerging fields of application. This collection will provide students and practitioners in environmental sciences and policy with valuable research into instrument choice and design with respect to permit trading.
Perritos de las praderas (Animals en espanol)
by Mari Schuh¿Alguna vez has visto un agujero en la tierra y te has preguntado que´ hay dentro? ¡Podri´a ser un perrito de las praderas! Estos pequen~os y tiernos mami´feros construyen comunidades de tu´neles subterra´neos. Descubre fascinantes datos sobre los perritos de las praderas y ente´rate de lo que realmente ocurre bajo tierra.
Persian Paradises at Peril: Landscape Planning and Management in Contemporary Iran (The Urban Book Series)
by Farzin Fardanesh Fatemeh Farnaz ArefianThis book offers a resourceful collection of essays examining recent efforts to respond to the challenges of planning, management and conserving landscapes in contemporary Iran, the home of Persian gardens. Drawing on selected recent studies, the chapters discuss the following topics: The sphere of knowledge and theoretical bases, including a survey of recent and ongoing research;Persian gardens remaining from the 6th century BC to the 19th century AD, which have influenced garden design in a vast geographic domain extending from India to Spain;Management and conservation of cultural landscapes, historic urban landscapes (HUL), road landscapes, and natural landscapes in the face of changes in climatic conditions and livelihood practices affecting their delicate dynamic balance and functions essential to their distinctive character; and Historic Territorial Landscapes (HTL) formed and evolved along the Silk and Spice Roads as compositions of tangible and intangible elements resulting from movement, exchanges and dialogue in space and over time.The book is a useful resource for a range of academics and professionals, such as landscape architects and managers, landscape historians and conservationists, and urban planners and managers.
Persian Vernacular Architecture: Lessons from Master Builders of Iran on Climate Resilient Design (Urban Sustainability)
by Ali Cheshmehzangi Sue RoafThis timely book aims to address a significant challenge in contemporary design and architecture, i.e., “to learn from the vernacular”. Vernacular architecture refers to traditional and indigenous building styles that have evolved in response to local climate, materials, and cultural practices. These styles often embody 'extreme' design principles, as they support life without relying on modern mechanical systems for heating and cooling. The core premise of the book is that these time-tested design solutions offer valuable lessons for real sustainable and climate-resilient architecture today. We strongly urge a return to the vernacular as a source of inspiration and knowledge. Hence, a genuine dedication to dedicated Ostads or master builders of Iran, who have contributed extensively to making and co-creating climate-resilient architecture and climate-sensitive design. This is more than just a box-ticking sustainability exercise and delves more deeply into the building performance and its impact on our everyday life, our health and wellbeing, and us as human beings. The book posits that contemporary architects and designers can learn valuable lessons by studying the adaptive strategies and sustainable practices embedded in the traditional vernacular architecture of Iran. These lessons are crucial for addressing modern challenges such as climate change, resource scarcity, and the need for energy-efficient buildings. By revisiting and analysing vernacular architecture, the book aims to bridge the gap between traditional knowledge and contemporary design practices. It provides a comprehensive exploration of how vernacular principles can be integrated into modern architectural education and practice. The goal is not only to preserve traditional wisdom but also to innovate upon it, creating buildings that are both culturally relevant and environmentally sustainable. The contributing case study chapters of the book include an excellent range of practical recommendations for architects, researchers, and policymakers. By fostering a deeper understanding of vernacular architecture, the book seeks to inspire a new generation of architects to create buildings that are harmonious with their environment and resilient to future challenges. Through this approach, we believe lessons from vernacular buildings ought to offer the promise of reintegrating real Resilience into the design of the next generation of buildings.
Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Ecosystems of the North Pacific (Earth and Environmental Sciences Library)
by Vasiliy TsygankovThe book reports the results on the fate of POPs in the abiotic and biotic components of the aquatic environment North Pacific Ocean (include Russian part of North Pacific), possible health risks for coastal residents Pacific Ocean exposed to these hazardous pollutants are systematized. In particular, indicator organisms (fish, birds, and mammals), indicating the pollution of the region, were identified; the possible ways of xenobiotic transfer from the sea to the land are shown; the targets of POPs impact on living organisms were determined; the time of circulation of pollutants in the biosphere was determined; a list of “priority” toxicants for the region based on quality screening was compiled; the risks to human health from the consumption of contaminated aquatic organisms were assessed; the levels of POPs in the human body were measured. The book is interesting for specialists in the agro-industrial complex, aquaculture and medicine, teachers and graduate students of universities, researchers, which interested in the problems of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). There are no similar books on the study of POPs in the Russian part of the Pacific Ocean in the world literature. This book is useful to scientists of the world who study the fate of POPs.
Persistent Pollution – Past, Present and Future
by Götz Flöser Markus Quante Ralf EbinghausThis book evolved from the 5th School of Environmental Research entitled "Persistent Pollution - Past, Present and Future", which has set a focus on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), heavy metals and aerosols. - reconstruction of past changes based on the scientific analysis of natural archives such as ice cores and peat deposits,- evaluation of the present environmental state by the integration of measurements and modelling and the establishment of cause-effect-patterns,- assessment of possible environmental future scenarios including emission and climate change perspectives.
Persistent Underdevelopment: Change and Economic Modernization in the West Indies (Routledge Library Editions: Development)
by Jay MandleFirst published in 1996, this insightful and informative text examines the post-emancipation and recent economic history of the Commonwealth Caribbean. Jay R. Mandle offers an explanation of the region’s continuing underdevelopment. Through the use of an analytical framework derived from the works of Marx and Kuznets, the book focuses attention on technological change as the driving force behind economic modernization. Persistent Underdevelopment begins by exploring how plantation agriculture had a limiting effect on industrial growth. Ultimately, plantation dominance receded; technological stagnation continued, however, and, under British colonial policy the Caribbean failed to modernise. The post-World War II era brought new efforts at modernisation through the economic policies of the left regimes of Manley, Burnham and Bishop. The concluding chapters point the way to policies that would enable the Caribbean to escape its current poverty and become an effective participant in world markets, finally achieving the goal of modern economic development.
Person, Polis, Planet: Essays in Applied Philosophy
by David Schmidtz<p>This volume collects thirteen of David Schmidtz's essays on the question of what it takes to live a good life, given that we live in a social and natural world. Part One defends a non-maximizing conception of rational choice, explains how even ultimate goals can be rationally chosen, defends the rationality of concern and regard for others (even to the point of being willing to die for a cause), and explains why decision theory is necessarily incomplete as a tool for addressing such issues. <p>Part Two uses the tools of analytic philosophy to explain what we can do to be deserving ,what is wrong with the idea that we ought to do as much good as we can, why mutual aid is good, but why the welfare state does not work as a way of institutionalizing mutual aid, and why transferring wealth from those who need it less to those who need it more can be a bad idea even from a utilitarian perspective. Most ambitiously, Part Two offers an overarching, pluralistic moral theory that defines the nature and limits of our obligations to each other and to our individual selves. <p>Part Three discusses the history and economic logic of alternative property institutions, both private and communal, and explains why economic logic is an indispensable tool in the field of environmental conflict resolution. In the final essay, Schmidtz brings the volume full circle by considering the nature and limits of our obligations to nonhuman species, and how the status of nonhuman species ought to enter into our deliberations about what sort of life is worth living.</p>
Persona – über die Funktion der Maske in den Künsten: Ein Vergleich zwischen Theater, Computerspiel und sozialem Rollenspiel (Simulatio. Theatertechniken in Literatur, Medien und Wissenschaft)
by Kirsten Dickhaut Daniel Martin Feige Sven Thorsten KilianDer Sammelband thematisiert Masken und Maskierungen. Im Vergleich der Künste untersucht er die funktionale Verwendung dieses Theaterrequisits, das eine Technik impliziert, und die Ausgestaltungen von Persona in den Künsten, Maskenverwendungen, -gestaltungen und -problematisierungen, die stets die Produktion von Fiktion und/oder Simulation reflektieren. Zehn Beiträge analysieren Beispiele seit dem 18. Jahrhundert der bildenden Kunst, des Digitalen, des Computerspiels, des Theaters, der erzählenden Literatur und der sozialen Rolle, die jeweils die Maske als Fiktions- oder Simulationsgenerator verstehen, thematisieren und kulturell vergleichend beschreiben. Pirandello stellt dabei grundsätzlich einen wichtigen, aber nicht den einzigen Referenzpunkt dar.
Personal Carbon Trading
by Tina Fawcett Yael ParagPersonal carbon trading is rapidly moving up the political agenda as recognition grows of its potential to address urgent issues of climate change and natural resource use. Under personal carbon trading schemes a carbon allowance would be allocated to each individual, to be used and traded in the same way as in national and international carbon trading schemes. This volume presents the latest research on personal carbon trading at different scales - from the effects on the individual, communities and organisations, to its place in national, EU (including the EU ETS) and global policy landscapes. It presents key research on the economic and policy barriers and implications, and will be essential reading for anyone involved in emissions trading research or policymaking.
Personal Comfort Systems for Improving Indoor Thermal Comfort and Air Quality (Indoor Environment and Sustainable Building)
by Faming Wang Bin Yang Qihong Deng Maohui LuoThis book first describes fundamental knowledge on human thermal comfort, adaptive thermal comfort, thermal comfort in sleeping environments, modeling of human thermal comfort, and thermal comfort assessment using human trials. Next, it presents an in-depth review of concept progress and evaluation of various personal comfort system, summarizes important findings and feasible applications, current gaps as well as future research needs. The seven chapters included in this section are task/ambient conditioning systems, personalized ventilation systems, electric fans, personal comfort systems, thermoelectric systems, personal thermal management systems, and wearable personal thermal comfort systems. This book provides valuable guidance for personal comfort system design and further improvement on the personal comfort performance. It will be a valuable resource for academic researchers, engineers in industry, and government regulators in the field of sustainable buildings and built environment.
Personal Mobilities (Networked Cities Ser.)
by Aharon KellermanPersonal Mobilities provides a systematic study of personal movement focusing on the dimensions of space, individuals, societies and technologies. Kellerman examines a variety of personal mobilities, including air transportation, through several perspectives, examining the human need for movement, their anchoring within wider societal trends, commonalities and differences among mobility technologies and international differences. Although spatial mobility seems geographical by its very nature, the topic has been so far treated only partially, and mainly by sociologists. Personal Mobilities highlights geographical as well as sociological aspects and is the first book to focus solely on personal mobilities.
Personal Sustainability: Exploring the Far Side of Sustainable Development (Routledge Studies in Sustainability)
by Oliver Parodi Kaidi TammTransition to sustainability is stuck and academic research has not resulted in significant change so far. A large void in sustainability research and the understanding of sustainable development is an important reason for this. Personal Sustainability seeks to address this void, opening up a whole cosmos of sustainable development that has so far been largely unexplored. Mainstream academic, economic and political sustainable development concepts and efforts draw on the macro level and tend to address external, collective and global processes. By contrast, the human, individual, intra- and inter-personal aspects on the micro level are often left unaddressed. The authors of Personal Sustainability invite the reader on a self-reflecting journey into this unexplored inner cosmos of sustainable development, focusing on subjective, mental, emotional, bodily, spiritual and cultural aspects. Although these are intrinsically human aspects they have been systematically ignored by academia. To establish this new field in sustainability research means to leave the common scientific paths and expand the horizon. Together with authors from cultural studies, philosophy, anthropology, psychology, sociology, psychiatry, aesthetics and economics, and supported by contributions from practitioners, this book portrays different approaches to personal sustainability and reflects on their potentials and pitfalls, paving the way to cultures of sustainability. This book will be of great interest to researchers and students in the field of sustainability and sustainable development, as well as researchers from philosophy, anthropology, psychology, sociology, cultural studies, ethnology, educational research, didactics, aesthetics, economics, business and public administration.
Personalities on the Plate: The Lives & Minds of Animals We Eat
by Barbara J. KingIn recent years, scientific advances in our understanding of animal minds have led to major changes in how we think about, and treat, animals in zoos and aquariums. The general public, it seems, is slowly coming to understand that animals like apes, elephants, and dolphins have not just brains, but complicated inner and social lives, and that we need to act accordingly. Yet that realization hasn’t yet made its presence felt to any great degree in our most intimate relationship with animals: at the dinner table. Sure, there are vegetarians and vegans all over, but at the same time, meat consumption is up, and meat remains a central part of the culinary and dining experience for the majority of people in the developed world. With Personalities on the Plate, Barbara King asks us to think hard about our meat eating--and how we might reduce it. But this isn’t a polemic intended to convert readers to veganism. What she is interested in is why we’ve not drawn food animals into our concern and just what we do know about the minds and lives of chickens, cows, octopuses, fish, and more. Rooted in the latest science, and built on a mix of firsthand experience (including entomophagy, which, yes, is what you think it is) and close engagement with the work of scientists, farmers, vets, and chefs, Personalities on the Plate is an unforgettable journey through the world of animals we eat. Knowing what we know--and what we may yet learn--what is the proper ethical stance toward eating meat? What are the consequences for the planet? How can we life an ethically and ecologically sound life through our food choices? We could have no better guide to these fascinatingly thorny questions than King, whose deep empathy embraces human and animal alike. Readers will be moved, provoked, and changed by this powerful book.
Perspectives and Practices of Education for Sustainable Development: A Critical Guide for Higher Education
by Rehema M. White Simon Kemp Price, Elizabeth A. C. Longhurst, James W. S.Informed by theory and full of practical advice, this key title offers a clear route to education for sustainable development (ESD) whilst questioning how we reconcile participatory, inclusive processes and the urgency of global crises.This handbook provides guidance for those with an interest in the purpose and direction of learning and the principles and practices of sustainability in universities in the UK and beyond. With critical analysis and useful case studies and recommendations, the book covers key topics such as: The need for sustainable development and the role that universities can play in this Showing how ESD should be part of a whole institution approach Development of relevant curricula with innovative and inspiring pedagogies to support sustainability competencies Transdisciplinary learning and pioneering forms of knowledge production Graduate futures and emerging priorities in the field of ESD Through detailed case studies from experts in the field, this book demonstrates how ESD enables a critical interrogation of our world and strengthens the capacities of our universities to nurture future thinking leaders.This is essential reading for all those interested in beginning or widening ESD in programmes, universities and the wider sector, including academic staff, university senior managers and support staff, students, policy makers, employers, and community leaders.
Perspectives for Biodiversity and Ecosystems (Environmental Challenges and Solutions)
by Carsten HobohmThe novelty of the book is a strong focus on perception, perspectives and prediction by scientists with profound insight into the ecology of ecosystems or into human demands and activity. The challenge is to bridge from empirical data and the knowledge of the past to the possibilities of the performance in the future. We assume that there is scope for more cooperation between the fields of ecology and practical philosophy or other social sciences in organising ecosystems and shaping the cultural future of humankind, and that such collaboration should be accorded considerably more priority. This book deals with environmental processes seen within a framework of the nature of ecosystems and human cultures. The future of the environment, the development of ecosystems and effective nature conservation management are the essentials of this book. Human nature and culture, and in particular their interactions, are interpreted as a set of rules and as given. The aim is not only to assess the significance of human influence on species composition and biodiversity but also to weigh up the subsequent potentials for action. In this book we will analyze the problems independently of one another, even if they are interconnected. This book focuses on perspectives and prognoses for the impacts of anthropogenic activity on ecosystems and thus on species conservation. Its goal is to improve assessments of the impacts of human activity on the environment. We are aware that prognoses have very often proven to be false. It is difficult to impossible to be able to predict with precision how evolution and ecosystems will change in future under anthropogenic influence. This strengthens our resolve to attempt to retain the highest possible degree of scientific integrity and professionalism and not to shy away from expressing the uncertainty of our own ideas and prognoses. We venture prognoses in this book and we will fail. However, we hope that we will be wrong on the right side.
Perspectives in Sustainable Management Practices (Contemporary Management Practices)
by Satyajit Chakrabarti, Soumik Gangopadhyay, Isita Lahiri, Soma Sur, Subrata Chattopadhyay and Rishi Raj SharmaEmbracing sustainable management practices is important for businesses and commercial organizations wishing to responsibly contribute to the socioeconomic development of societies and communities. This book provides insights into recent trends, issues, and challenges in embracing these practices, while promoting growth and innovation in business. The COVID-19 pandemic has redefined the necessity of implementing sustainable practices. This book looks at the process, implementation, and evaluation of sustainable practices in the social and commercial sectors in recent years. With case studies from different industries, these chapters explore and document creative applications of effective measures to chart out financial growth for businesses while reducing carbon emissions, focusing on corporate social responsibility, and working toward socio-economic sustainability for workers and communities, among others. They also examine how these innovative strategies can be scaled up and applied across diverse industries, for small and large businesses, and in different economic environments. Part of the Contemporary Management Practices series, this book will be useful to practising managers, researchers, and students who are interested in business strategy, financial strategy, and social inclusion. It will be especially of use to those working in the areas of corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, green marketing, corporate finance, and organizational performance.
Perspectives in Sustainable Nematode Management Through Pochonia chlamydosporia Applications for Root and Rhizosphere Health
by Rosa H. Manzanilla-López Luis V. Lopez-LlorcaThis volume reviews our current knowledge and novel research areas on Pochonia chlamydosporia, a cosmopolitan fungus occurring in soils as a saprophyte yet capable of colonizing the rhizosphere of crops as an endophyte and behaving as a parasite of eggs of plant-parasitic nematodes. The book is divided into six sections containing 18 chapters, starting with a historical background chapter, followed by 16 chapters, each contributed by experts, concerning those key aspects necessary to work with this biocontrol agent in a multidisciplinary treatise. Topics covered include systematics, biology, nematode-fungus interactions, nematode management strategies, secondary metabolites, and other methods including more novel research areas such as molecular, –omics, plant growth enhancement and endophytic abilities of P. chlamydosporia. The final chapter deals with the future perspectives of P. chlamydosporia research.
Perspectives in Urban Ecology
by Wilfried EndlicherThis book gives an interdisciplinary overview on urban ecology. Basic understanding of urban nature development and its social reception are discussed for the European Metropolitan Area of Berlin. Furthermore, we investigate specific consequences for the environment, nature and the quality of life for city dwellers due to profound changes such as climate change and the demographic and economic developments associated with the phenomena of shrinking cities. Actual problems of urban ecology should be discussed not only in terms of natural dimensions such as atmosphere, biosphere, pedosphere and hydrosphere but also in terms of social and cultural dimensions such as urban planning, residence and recreation, traffic and mobility and economic values. Our research findings focus on streets, new urban landscapes, intermediate use of brown fields and the relationships between urban nature and the well-being of city dwellers. Finally, the book provides a contribution to the international discussion on urban ecology.