- Table View
- List View
Quantum Chemical Approach for Organic Ferromagnetic Material Design
by Yuriko Aoki Yuuichi Orimoto Akira ImamuraThis brief provides an overview of theoretical research in organic ferromagnetic material design using quantum chemical approaches based on molecular orbital theory from primary H#65533;ckel to ab initio levels of theory. Most of the content describes the authors' approach to identify simple and efficient guidelines for magnetic design, which have not been described in other books. Individual chapters cover quantum chemistry methods that may be used to find hydrocarbon systems with degenerate non-bonding molecular orbitals that interact with each other, to identify high-spin-preferred systems using an analytical index that allows for simple design of high-spin systems as well as to analyze the effect of high-spin stability through orbital interactions. The extension of these methods to large systems is discussed. This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers who are interested in quantum chemistry related to magnetic property.
Quantum Critical Phenomena of Valence Transition: Heavy Fermion Metals and Related Systems (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics #289)
by Shinji Watanabe Kazumasa MiyakeThis book comprehensively presents an unconventional quantum criticality caused by valence fluctuations, which offers theoretical understanding of unconventional Fermi-liquid properties in cerium- and ytterbium-based heavy fermion metals including CeCu2(Si,Ge)2 and CeRhIn5 under pressure, and quasicrystal β-YbAlB4 and Yb15Al34Au51. The book begins with an introduction to fundamental concepts for heavy fermion systems, valence fluctuation, and quantum phase transition, including self-consistent renormalization group theory. A subsequent chapter is devoted to a comprehensive description of the theory of the unconventional quantum criticality based on a valence transition, featuring explicit temperature dependence of various physical quantities, which allows for comparisons to relevant experiments. Lastly, it discusses how ubiquitous the valence fluctuation is, presenting candidate materials not only in heavy fermions, but also in strongly correlated electrons represented by high-Tc superconductor cuprates. Introductory chapters provide useful materials for learning fundamentals of heavy fermion systems and their theory. Further, experimental topics relevant to valence fluctuations are valuable resources for those who are new to the field to easily catch up with experimental background and facts.
Quantum Dynamics for Classical Systems: With Applications of the Number Operator
by Fabio BagarelloIntroduces number operators with a focus on the relationship between quantum mechanics and social science Mathematics is increasingly applied to classical problems in finance, biology, economics, and elsewhere. Quantum Dynamics for Classical Systems describes how quantum tools—the number operator in particular—can be used to create dynamical systems in which the variables are operator-valued functions and whose results explain the presented model. The book presents mathematical results and their applications to concrete systems and discusses the methods used, results obtained, and techniques developed for the proofs of the results. The central ideas of number operators are illuminated while avoiding excessive technicalities that are unnecessary for understanding and learning the various mathematical applications. The presented dynamical systems address a variety of contexts and offer clear analyses and explanations of concluded results. Additional features in Quantum Dynamics for Classical Systems include: Applications across diverse fields including stock markets and population migration as well as a unique quantum perspective on these classes of models Illustrations of the use of creation and annihilation operators for classical problems Examples of the recent increase in research and literature on the many applications of quantum tools in applied mathematics Clarification on numerous misunderstandings and misnomers while shedding light on new approaches in the field Quantum Dynamics for Classical Systems is an ideal reference for researchers, professionals, and academics in applied mathematics, economics, physics, biology, and sociology. The book is also excellent for courses in dynamical systems, quantum mechanics, and mathematical models.
Quantum Entanglement in Electron Optics: Generation, Characterization, and Applications (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #67)
by Naresh Chandra Rama GhoshThis monograph forms an interdisciplinary study in atomic, molecular, and quantum information (QI) science. Here a reader will find that applications of the tools developed in QI provide new physical insights into electron optics as well as properties of atoms & molecules which, in turn, are useful in studying QI both at fundamental and applied levels. In particular, this book investigates entanglement properties of flying electronic qubits generated in some of the well known processes capable of taking place in an atom or a molecule following the absorption of a photon. Here, one can generate Coulombic or fine-structure entanglement of electronic qubits. The properties of these entanglements differ not only from each other, but also from those when spin of an inner-shell photoelectron is entangled with the polarization of the subsequent fluorescence. Spins of an outer-shell electron and of a residual photoion can have free or bound entanglement in a laboratory.
Quantum Entanglement in Electron Optics
by Rama Ghosh Naresh ChandraThis monograph forms an interdisciplinary study in atomic, molecular, and quantum information (QI) science. Here a reader will find that applications of the tools developed in QI provide new physical insights into electron optics as well as properties of atoms & molecules which, in turn, are useful in studying QI both at fundamental and applied levels. In particular, this book investigates entanglement properties of flying electronic qubits generated in some of the well known processes capable of taking place in an atom or a molecule following the absorption of a photon. Here, one can generate Coulombic or fine-structure entanglement of electronic qubits. The properties of these entanglements differ not only from each other, but also from those when spin of an inner-shell photoelectron is entangled with the polarization of the subsequent fluorescence. Spins of an outer-shell electron and of a residual photoion can have free or bound entanglement in a laboratory.
Quantum f-Divergences in von Neumann Algebras: Reversibility of Quantum Operations (Mathematical Physics Studies)
by Fumio HiaiRelative entropy has played a significant role in various fields of mathematics and physics as the quantum version of the Kullback–Leibler divergence in classical theory. Many variations of relative entropy have been introduced so far with applications to quantum information and related subjects. Typical examples are three different classes, called the standard, the maximal, and the measured f-divergences, all of which are defined in terms of (operator) convex functions f on (0,∞) and have respective mathematical and information theoretical backgrounds. The α-Rényi relative entropy and its new version called the sandwiched α-Rényi relative entropy have also been useful in recent developments of quantum information.In the first half of this monograph, the different types of quantum f-divergences and the Rényi-type divergences mentioned above in the general von Neumann algebra setting are presented for study. While quantum information has been developing mostly in the finite-dimensional setting, it is widely believed that von Neumann algebras provide the most suitable framework in studying quantum information and related subjects. Thus, the advance of quantum divergences in von Neumann algebras will be beneficial for further development of quantum information. Quantum divergences are functions of two states (or more generally, two positive linear functionals) on a quantum system and measure the difference between the two states. They are often utilized to address such problems as state discrimination, error correction, and reversibility of quantum operations. In the second half of the monograph, the reversibility/sufficiency theory for quantum operations (quantum channels) between von Neumann algebras via quantum f-divergences is explained, thus extending and strengthening Petz' previous work.For the convenience of the reader, an appendix including concise accounts of von Neumann algebras is provided.
Quantum Field Theory: From Basics to Modern Topics
by François GelisThis modern text combines fundamental principles with advanced topics and recent techniques in a rigorous and self-contained treatment of quantum field theory.Beginning with a review of basic principles, starting with quantum mechanics and special relativity, students can refresh their knowledge of elementary aspects of quantum field theory and perturbative calculations in the Standard Model. Results and tools relevant to many applications are covered, including canonical quantization, path integrals, non-Abelian gauge theories, and the renormalization group. Advanced topics are explored, with detail given on effective field theories, quantum anomalies, stable extended field configurations, lattice field theory, and field theory at a finite temperature or in the strong field regime. Two chapters are dedicated to new methods for calculating scattering amplitudes (spinor-helicity, on-shell recursion, and generalized unitarity), equipping students with practical skills for research. Accessibly written, with numerous worked examples and end-of-chapter problems, this is an essential text for graduate students. The breadth of coverage makes it an equally excellent reference for researchers.
Quantum Field Theory: A Diagrammatic Approach
by Ronald KleissQuantum field theory (QFT), the language of particle physics, is crucial to a physicist's graduate education. Based on lecture notes for courses taught for many years at Radboud University in the Netherlands, this book presents an alternative approach to teaching QFT using Feynman diagrams. A diagrammatic approach to understanding QFT exposes young physicists to an orthogonal introduction to the theory, bringing new ways to understand challenges in the field. Diagrammatic techniques using Feynman diagrams are used didactically, starting from simple discussions in lower dimensions to more complex topics in the Standard Model. Worked-out examples and exercises help the reader develop a deep understanding and intuition that enhances their problem-solving skills and understanding of QFT. Classroom-tested, this accessible textbook is valuable for physics graduates and for researchers.
Quantum Field Theory: An Introduction (Graduate Texts in Physics)
by Gordon Walter SemenoffThis textbook is intended to be used in an introductory course in quantum field theory. It assumes the standard undergraduate education of a physics major and it is designed to appeal to a wide array of physics graduate students, from those studying theoretical and experimental high energy physics to those interested in condensed matter, optical, atomic, nuclear and astrophysicists. It includes a thorough development of the field theoretic approach to nonrelativistic many-body physics as a step in developing a broad-based working knowledge of some of the basic aspects of quantum field theory. It presents a logical, step by step systematic development of relativistic field theory and of functional techniques and their applications to perturbation theory with Feynman diagrams, renormalization, and basic computations in quantum electrodynamics.
Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model
by Matthew D. SchwartzProviding a comprehensive introduction to quantum field theory, this textbook covers the development of particle physics from its foundations to the discovery of the Higgs boson. Its combination of clear physical explanations, with direct connections to experimental data, and mathematical rigor make the subject accessible to students with a wide variety of backgrounds and interests. Assuming only an undergraduate-level understanding of quantum mechanics, the book steadily develops the Standard Model and state-of-the-art calculation techniques. It includes multiple derivations of many important results, with modern methods such as effective field theory and the renormalization group playing a prominent role. Numerous worked examples and end-of-chapter problems enable students to reproduce classic results and to master quantum field theory as it is used today. Based on a course taught by the author over many years, this book is ideal for an introductory to advanced quantum field theory sequence or for independent study.
Quantum Field Theory for Economics and Finance
by Belal Ehsan BaaquieAn introduction to how the mathematical tools from quantum field theory can be applied to economics and finance, providing a wide range of quantum mathematical techniques for designing financial instruments. The ideas of Lagrangians, Hamiltonians, state spaces, operators and Feynman path integrals are demonstrated to be the mathematical underpinning of quantum field theory, and which are employed to formulate a comprehensive mathematical theory of asset pricing as well as of interest rates, which are validated by empirical evidence. Numerical algorithms and simulations are applied to the study of asset pricing models as well as of nonlinear interest rates. A range of economic and financial topics are shown to have quantum mechanical formulations, including options, coupon bonds, nonlinear interest rates, risky bonds and the microeconomic action functional. This is an invaluable resource for experts in quantitative finance and in mathematics who have no specialist knowledge of quantum field theory.
Quantum Foundations, Probability and Information (STEAM-H: Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Mathematics & Health)
by Andrei Khrennikov Bourama ToniComposed of contributions from leading experts in quantum foundations, this volume presents viewpoints on a number of complex problems through informational, probabilistic, and mathematical perspectives and features novel mathematical models of quantum and subquantum phenomena. Rich with multi-disciplinary mathematical content, this book includes applications of partial differential equations in quantum field theory, differential geometry, oscillatory processes and vibrations, and Feynman integrals for quickly growing potential functions. Due to rapid growth in the field in recent years, this volume aims to promote interdisciplinary collaboration in the areas of quantum probability, information, communication and foundation, and mathematical physics. Many papers discuss complex yet novel problems that depart from the mainstream of quantum physical studies. Others devote explanation to fundamental problems of the conventional quantum theory, including its mathematical formalism. Overall, authors cover a diverse set of topics, including quantum and classical field theory and oscillatory processing, quantum mechanics from a Darwinian evolutionary perspective, and biological applications of quantum theory.Together in one volume, these essays will be useful to experts in the corresponding areas of quantum theory. Theoreticians, experimenters, mathematicians, and even philosophers in quantum physics and quantum probability and information theory can consider this book a valuable resource.
Quantum Geochemistry (Springer Geochemistry)
by Giulio Armando OttonelloThis book summarizes recent impressive improvements in the application of Quantum Mechanics, coupled with the significant increase in both speed and storage capabilities of modern computers, that allow to depict the energy and reactive properties of chemically complex materials through first principles and destroy the dogmatic assumption that the natural complexity cannot be modeled. It presents methods of Quantum Chemistry applied to various fields of geoscience. The book aims to convey to the audience, methods and procedures apt to obtain sound thermodynamic and thermo-physical data for earth’s materials under various aggregation states. The attention of this book focusses on the applicative aspects of the various procedures, with reference to the underlying theory.
Quantum Gravity and the Functional Renormalization Group: The Road towards Asymptotic Safety (Cambridge Monographs on Mathematical Physics)
by Martin Reuter Frank SaueressigDuring the past two decades the gravitational asymptotic safety scenario has undergone a major transition from an exotic possibility to a serious contender for a realistic theory of quantum gravity. It aims at a mathematically consistent quantum description of the gravitational interaction and the geometry of spacetime within the realm of quantum field theory, which keeps its predictive power at the highest energies. This volume provides a self-contained pedagogical introduction to asymptotic safety, and introduces the functional renormalization group techniques used in its investigation, along with the requisite computational techniques. The foundational chapters are followed by an accessible summary of the results obtained so far. It is the first detailed exposition of asymptotic safety, providing a unique introduction to quantum gravity and it assumes no previous familiarity with the renormalization group. It serves as an important resource for both practising researchers and graduate students entering this maturing field.
Quantum Groups in Three-Dimensional Integrability (Theoretical and Mathematical Physics)
by Atsuo KunibaQuantum groups have been studied intensively in mathematics and have found many valuable applications in theoretical and mathematical physics since their discovery in the mid-1980s. Roughly speaking, there are two prototype examples of quantum groups, denoted by Uq and Aq. The former is a deformation of the universal enveloping algebra of a Kac–Moody Lie algebra, whereas the latter is a deformation of the coordinate ring of a Lie group. Although they are dual to each other in principle, most of the applications so far are based on Uq, and the main targets are solvable lattice models in 2-dimensions or quantum field theories in 1+1 dimensions. This book aims to present a unique approach to 3-dimensional integrability based on Aq. It starts from the tetrahedron equation, a 3-dimensional analogue of the Yang–Baxter equation, and its solution due to work by Kapranov–Voevodsky (1994). Then, it guides readers to its variety of generalizations, relations to quantum groups, and applications. They include a connection to the Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt basis of a unipotent part of Uq, reductions to the solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation, reflection equation, G2 reflection equation, matrix product constructions of quantum R matrices and reflection K matrices, stationary measures of multi-species simple-exclusion processes, etc. These contents of the book are quite distinct from conventional approaches and will stimulate and enrich the theories of quantum groups and integrable systems.
Quantum Hamilton-Jacobi Formalism (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by A. K. Kapoor Prasanta K. Panigrahi S. Sree RanjaniThis book describes the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism of quantum mechanics, which allowscomputation of eigenvalues of quantum mechanical potential problems without solving for thewave function. The examples presented include exotic potentials such as quasi-exactly solvablemodels and Lame an dassociated Lame potentials. A careful application of boundary conditionsoffers an insight into the nature of solutions of several potential models. Advancedundergraduates having knowledge of complex variables and quantum mechanics will find thisas an interesting method to obtain the eigenvalues and eigen-functions. The discussion oncomplex zeros of the wave function gives intriguing new results which are relevant foradvanced students and young researchers. Moreover, a few open problems in research arediscussed as well, which pose a challenge to the mathematically oriented readers.
Quantum Information, Computation and Cryptography
by Fabio Benatti Dimitri Petritis Mark Fannes Roberto FloreaniniThis multi-authored textbook addresses graduate students with a background in physics, mathematics or computer science. No research experience is necessary. Consequently, rather than comprehensively reviewing the vast body of knowledge and literature gathered in the past twenty years, this book concentrates on a number of carefully selected aspects of quantum information theory and technology. Given the highly interdisciplinary nature of the subject, the multi-authored approach brings together different points of view from various renowned experts, providing a coherent picture of the subject matter. The book consists of ten chapters and includes examples, problems, and exercises. The first five present the mathematical tools required for a full comprehension of various aspects of quantum mechanics, classical information, and coding theory. Chapter 6 deals with the manipulation and transmission of information in the quantum realm. Chapters 7 and 8 discuss experimental implementations of quantum information ideas using photons and atoms. Finally, chapters 9 and 10 address ground-breaking applications in cryptography and computation.
Quantum Information Processing: Theory and Implementation (Graduate Texts in Physics)
by János A. Bergou Mark Hillery Mark SaffmanThis new edition of a well-received textbook provides a concise introduction to both the theoretical and experimental aspects of quantum information at the graduate level. While the previous edition focused on theory, the book now incorporates discussions of experimental platforms. Several chapters on experimental implementations of quantum information protocols have been added: implementations using neutral atoms, trapped ions, optics, and solidstate systems are each presented in its own chapter. Previous chapters on entanglement, quantum measurements, quantum dynamics, quantum cryptography, and quantum algorithms have been thoroughly updated, and new additions include chapters on the stabilizer formalism and the Gottesman-Knill theorem as well as aspects of classical and quantum information theory. To facilitate learning, each chapter starts with a clear motivation to the topic and closes with exercises and a recommended reading list. Quantum Information Processing: Theory and Implementation will be essential to graduate students studying quantum information as well as and researchers in other areas of physics who wish to gain knowledge in the field.
Quantum Integrable Systems (Chapman And Hall/crc Research Notes In Mathematics Ser. #Vol. 435)
by Asesh Roy Chowdhury Aninlya Ghose ChoudhuryThe study of integrable systems has opened new horizons in classical physics over the past few decades, particularly in the subatomic world. Yet despite the field now having reached a level of maturity, very few books provide an introduction to the field accessible to specialists and nonspecialists alike, and none offer a systematic survey of the m
Quantum Ising Phases and Transitions in Transverse Ising Models
by Bikas K. Chakrabarti Jun-Ichi Inoue Sei SuzukiQuantum phase transitions, driven by quantum fluctuations, exhibit intriguing features offering the possibility of potentially new applications, e.g. in quantum information sciences. Major advances have been made in both theoretical and experimental investigations of the nature and behavior of quantum phases and transitions in cooperatively interacting many-body quantum systems. For modeling purposes, most of the current innovative and successful research in this field has been obtained by either directly or indirectly using the insights provided by quantum (or transverse field) Ising models because of the separability of the cooperative interaction from the tunable transverse field or tunneling term in the relevant Hamiltonian. Also, a number of condensed matter systems can be modeled accurately in this approach, hence granting the possibility to compare advanced models with actual experimental results. This work introduces these quantum Ising models and analyses them both theoretically and numerically in great detail. With its tutorial approach the book addresses above all young researchers who wish to enter the field and are in search of a suitable and self-contained text, yet it will also serve as a valuable reference work for all active researchers in this area.
Quantum Isometry Groups
by Debashish Goswami Jyotishman BhowmickThis book offers an up-to-date overview of the recently proposed theory of quantum isometry groups. Written by the founders, it is the first book to present the research on the "quantum isometry group", highlighting the interaction of noncommutative geometry and quantum groups, which is a noncommutative generalization of the notion of group of isometry of a classical Riemannian manifold. The motivation for this generalization is the importance of isometry groups in both mathematics and physics. The framework consists of Alain Connes' "noncommutative geometry" and the operator-algebraic theory of "quantum groups". The authors prove the existence of quantum isometry group for noncommutative manifolds given by spectral triples under mild conditions and discuss a number of methods for computing them. One of the most striking and profound findings is the non-existence of non-classical quantum isometry groups for arbitrary classical connected compact manifolds and, by using this, the authors explicitly describe quantum isometry groups of most of the noncommutative manifolds studied in the literature. Some physical motivations and possible applications are also discussed.
Quantum Leadership: New Consciousness in Business
by Frederick Chavalit Tsao Chris LaszloIn this new book, Frederick Chavalit Tsao and Chris Laszlo argue that current approaches to leadership fail to produce positive outcomes for either businesses or the communities they serve. Employee disengagement and customer fickleness remain high, resulting in a lack of creativity and collaboration at all levels of entrepreneurial activity. Investor demand for Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) continues to be poorly integrated into profit strategies. Drawing on extensive research, this book shows how changing a person's consciousness is the most powerful lever for unlocking his or her leadership potential to create wealth and serve humankind. A wide range of practices of connectedness provide the keys. The journey to higher consciousness changes people at a deep intuitive level, combining embodied experience with analytic-cognitive skill development. Tsao and Laszlo show how leaders who pursue this journey are more likely to flourish with significant benefits to both business and society. These include greater creativity and collaboration along with an increased capability to inspire people and produce lasting change. Readers will come away with a deep understanding of quantum leadership and the day-to-day practices that can help them achieve greater effectiveness and wellbeing at work.
Quantum-Like Models for Information Retrieval and Decision-Making (STEAM-H: Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Mathematics & Health)
by Diederik Aerts Andrei Khrennikov Massimo Melucci Bourama ToniRecent years have been characterized by tremendous advances in quantum information and communication, both theoretically and experimentally. In addition, mathematical methods of quantum information and quantum probability have begun spreading to other areas of research, beyond physics. One exciting new possibility involves applying these methods to information science and computer science (without direct relation to the problems of creation of quantum computers). The aim of this Special Volume is to encourage scientists, especially the new generation (master and PhD students), working in computer science and related mathematical fields to explore novel possibilities based on the mathematical formalisms of quantum information and probability. The contributing authors, who hail from various countries, combine extensive quantum methods expertise with real-world experience in application of these methods to computer science. The problems considered chiefly concern quantum information-probability based modeling in the following areas: information foraging; interactive quantum information access; deep convolutional neural networks; decision making; quantum dynamics; open quantum systems; and theory of contextual probability. The book offers young scientists (students, PhD, postdocs) an essential introduction to applying the mathematical apparatus of quantum theory to computer science, information retrieval, and information processes.
Quantum Machine Learning: Thinking and Exploration in Neural Network Models for Quantum Science and Quantum Computing (Quantum Science and Technology)
by Claudio ContiThis book presents a new way of thinking about quantum mechanics and machine learning by merging the two. Quantum mechanics and machine learning may seem theoretically disparate, but their link becomes clear through the density matrix operator which can be readily approximated by neural network models, permitting a formulation of quantum physics in which physical observables can be computed via neural networks. As well as demonstrating the natural affinity of quantum physics and machine learning, this viewpoint opens rich possibilities in terms of computation, efficient hardware, and scalability. One can also obtain trainable models to optimize applications and fine-tune theories, such as approximation of the ground state in many body systems, and boosting quantum circuits’ performance. The book begins with the introduction of programming tools and basic concepts of machine learning, with necessary background material from quantum mechanics and quantum information also provided. This enables the basic building blocks, neural network models for vacuum states, to be introduced. The highlights that follow include: non-classical state representations, with squeezers and beam splitters used to implement the primary layers for quantum computing; boson sampling with neural network models; an overview of available quantum computing platforms, their models, and their programming; and neural network models as a variational ansatz for many-body Hamiltonian ground states with applications to Ising machines and solitons. The book emphasizes coding, with many open source examples in Python and TensorFlow, while MATLAB and Mathematica routines clarify and validate proofs. This book is essential reading for graduate students and researchers who want to develop both the requisite physics and coding knowledge to understand the rich interplay of quantum mechanics and machine learning.
Quantum Magnetism, Spin Waves, and Optical Cavities (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Silvia Viola KusminskiyThis primer thoroughly covers the fundamentals needed to understand the interaction of light with magnetically ordered matter and it focuses on "cavity optomagnonics" which is a topic undergoing intense study in current research.The book is unique in combining elements of electromagnetism, quantum magnetism, and quantum optics and it is intended for advanced undergraduate or graduate students.