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Simplicity of Complexity in Economic and Social Systems: Proceedings of the 54th Winter School of Theoretical Physics, Lądek Zdrój, Poland, February 18–24th 2018 (Springer Proceedings in Complexity)
by Dariusz Grech Janusz MiśkiewiczThis book presents the Proceedings of the 54th Winter School of Theoretical Physics on Simplicity of Complexity in Economic and Social Systems, held in Lądek Zdrój, Poland, from 18 to 24 February 2018. The purpose of the book is to introduce the new interdisciplinary research that links statistical physics, and particular attention is given to link physics of complex systems, with financial analysis and sociology. The main tools used in these areas are numerical simulation of agents behavior and the interpretation of results with the help of complexity methods, therefore a background in statistical physics and in physics of phase transition is necessary to take the first steps towards these research fields called econophysics and sociophysics. In this perspective, the book is intended to graduated students and young researchers who want to begin the study of this established new area, which connects physicists, economists, sociologists and IT professionals, to better understand complexity phenomena existing not only in physics but also in complex systems being seemingly far from traditional view at physics.
Simplified Analytical Methods of Elastic Plates
by Hideo TakabatakeThis book presents simplified analytical methodologies for static and dynamic problems concerning various elastic thin plates in the bending state and the potential effects of dead loads on static and dynamic behaviors. The plates considered vary in terms of the plane (e.g. rectangular or circular plane), stiffness of bending, transverse shear and mass. The representative examples include void slabs, plates stiffened with beams, stepped thickness plates, cellular plates and floating plates, in addition to normal plates. The closed-form approximate solutions are presented in connection with a groundbreaking methodology that can easily accommodate discontinuous variations in stiffness and mass with continuous function as for a distribution. The closed-form solutions can be used to determine the size of structural members in the preliminary design stages, and to predict potential problems with building slabs intended for human beings’ practical use.
Simplified Dynamic Analysis of High-Rise Buildings: Applications to Simplified Seismic Diagnosis and Retrofit Using the Extended Rod Theory
by Akiko Kishida Izuru Takewaki Yukihiko Kitada Hideo TakabatakeThis book presents a simple analytical method based on the extended rod theory that allows the earthquake resistance of high-rise buildings to be easily and accurately evaluated at the preliminary design stage. It also includes practical software for applying the extended rod theory to the dynamic analysis of actual buildings and structures. High-rise buildings in large cities, built on soft ground consisting of sedimentary rock, tend to have low natural frequency. If ground motion due to an earthquake occurs at distant hypocenters, the vibration wave can be propagated through several sedimentary layers and act on skyscrapers as a long-period ground motion, potentially producing a resonance phenomenon that can cause severe damage. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to gauge the earthquake resistance of existing skyscrapers and to improve their seismic performance. This book was written by authors who have extensive experience in tall-building seismic design in Japan. The software included enables readers to perform dynamic calculations of skyscrapers’ resistance to vibrations. As such, it offers a valuable resource for practitioners and engineers, as well as students of civil engineering.
Simplify: How to Stay Sane in a World Going Mad
by Bob HillaryShort, simple and refreshingly practical, Living Simply offers 21 Earth Warrior practices to help us live more consciously and to cope with the ever increasing pace of modern life. Bob Hillary shares the lessons he learned living off the grid, exploring his &‘wild edges&’ and practicing a slower, more attuned way of life.How can we live more simply, learn to appreciate what we have and root our way of being in the Earth we have inherited? By living simply and becoming an Earth Warrior.As life keeps urging us to go faster, many of us are moving in the opposite direction... we are looking for SLOWNESS, for stillness, to live more natural, less complex lives. Bob Hillary spent a year living off grid, this experience taught him how to live simply. It meant; downscaling, re-wilding, un-teching and finding and doing things that are free. These philosophies provided a framework for the 21 practices he shares in this book. Each one covers the key idea, contains exercises and provides practical ways that will help you become an Earth Warrior. By living this way you will learn how to live in a more joyful, positive, simple and meaningfully way. Earth Warriors give, share and care.This is a manual for modern times, a guide to creating positive action, walking the right path and making the right choices.
Simply Climate Change (DK Simply)
by DKUnderstand climate change like never before!Explore and understand the intriguing science behind climate change. Gain valuable knowledge on why climate change is occurring — one of the planet&’s most challenging issues — and analyze possible solutions.Simply Climate Change is the perfect guide for a clear and concise understanding of the often complex subject of climate change. Inside you&’ll find: • Simple, easy-to-understand graphics which help convey information in a visual way. • Clear, authoritative text that explains over 100 key concepts. • Concise explanations that quickly convey the most important information. • Technologies and practical ideas to combat climate change. • Debates surrounding climate change as a political, social, economic and environmental issue. Gain a new appreciation for our precious planet, and acquire newfound knowledge on climate change. This easy-to-understand climate change book will allow you to grasp all these topics quickly, from the basics of greenhouse gases to microplastics and insightful debates.The guide combines clear text and bold graphics, divided into pared-back, single or double-page entries that explain concepts simply and visually. Whether you&’re a student and want an easy-to-read, jargon-free reference or are simply interested in climate or environmental science, then this is the ideal global warming book for you!The most accessible guide to climate change on the market will have you knowledgeable on the subject like an expert! This is a perfect reference book for busy readers looking for an easier way into the subject, as a self-purchase or an excellent gift for self-improvers, as well as for thinkers, borrowers and life-long learners.
Simply Green: Easy, Money-Saving Tips for Eco-Friendly Families
by Melissa Seligman David SeligmanWritten by a passionately concerned couple--David Seligman is an active duty U.S. serviceman and Melissa is a devoted stay-at-home mom--this is the first book about going green that won't scare you with statistics, overwhelm you with science, or make you feel guilty about your SUV. Instead, this indispensable guide will help families everywhere to take simple, practical steps, to lower their energy consumption and help create a healthier planet--and a more sustainable lifestyle. Simply Green takes a fresh look at every part of your household and every aspect of your life, from what you teach your children to what you put in your laundry machines. Full of energy-saving and money-saving "Green Tips," Simply Green shows how to: * Use recycled water around your house and garden * Heat and cool your home while you lower your energy bill * Throw away less trash * Make your own, environmentally-friendly cleaning solutions * Lower the power usage of your appliances * Choose indoor houseplants that help purify the air * Make green awareness an active part of your family's life--and have more fun in the natural world * And much more! Filled with dozens of useful resources, surprising facts and a long list of options for "going green," Simply Green is for those of us who may not be able to afford to make huge changes--but can't not afford to do what we can.
Simply Sustainable: Moving Toward Plastic-Free, Low-Waste Living
by Lily CameronBreak your plastic habit with simple, actionable steps and jumpstart your journey toward a minimal, beautiful, low-waste home.&“Simply Sustainable guides you through the why and how of zero-waste, while emphasizing the importance of finding the sweet spot between sustainability and self-care.&”—Julia Watkins, author of Simply Living WellTransitioning to a zero-waste lifestyle means eliminating unnecessary clutter from your home and reducing your dependence on disposable goods, but it also comes with practical challenges that can seem daunting. In Simply Sustainable, perfection is not required. Whether you are looking for easy changes to get you started, or more advanced, high-impact tips for your low-waste home, these simple, effective steps will forever change your relationship to disposable plastic products.Lily Cameron shows readers how to gradually transition away from plastic and curate a minimal, beautiful home in the process. Her approach teaches you how to "make plastic-free living work for you, savor your progress and celebrate that with each small change, you are making a positive impact on the environment, your health and your family's well being." Simply Sustainable proves that zero-waste living can be easy and deeply satisfying, whether shopping at the farmers market, throwing a dinner party, or packing for a getaway weekend. With practical, manageable strategies organized by room, and inspiring photographs of plastic-free homes, you can begin your journey toward intentional, low-waste living.
Simulating Climate Change and Livelihood Security: A Western Himalayan Experience, India (Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences)
by Swarnima Singh R. B. SinghThis book identifies and provides reasoning for computed methods of local climate dynamics and the livelihood vulnerability indices assessment in the mountainous region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The outcomes of this study agree with the focused objectives on simulating climate change and its impact on livelihood security. It deals with several crucial methodologies to analyze livelihood security with and without climate change. The explorative deductive approach was used to observe climatic changes since the 1970s and simulated the climate until 2080. Additionally, the composite livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) without climate change and the climate change livelihood vulnerability index (CCLVI) with climate change impact were prepared. The book is beneficial for policymakers who are involved in framing and implementing policies chiefly in the Himalaya. It is also valuable for all stakeholders in society: students, researchers and academicians. It proposes discussions and debate on a new, integrated, inclusive and open approach to climate change and validates the significance of geographic knowledge in addressing climate change issues at various levels, suggesting policy measures to cope with them.
Simulating the Urban Economy: Experiments with input-output techniques
by P. Smith W. I. MorrisonThis book was first published in it's current form in 1974.
Simulation and Gaming for Social Design (Translational Systems Sciences #25)
by Toshiyuki Kaneda Ryoju Hamada Terukazu KumazawaThis book is a collection of research articles that deal with three aspects of simulation and gaming for social design: (1) Theory and methodology, including game system theory and agent-based modeling; (2) Sustainability, including global warming and the energy–food nexus);; and (3) Social entrepreneurship, including business, ethnic, and ethical understanding. The latter two especially form two major areas of clinical knowledge in contemporary life. Simulation and gaming, with its participatory approach, provides participants with a seamless integration of problem solving and education. It has been known as a tool for interdisciplinary communication since the 1960s, and now it is being developed to contribute to global society in the twenty-first century. This is the first book on simulation and gaming for social design that covers all aspects from the methodological foundations to practical examples in the fields of sustainability and social entrepreneurship. Regardless of the size of the problematics, societal system design involves (1) The visioning and conception aspects due to the long-term, overall nature of the goal; (2) Interdisciplinary thinking and communication for the exploration of new states of accommodation with technological systems; and (3) The “human dimension” aspect including education that must be dealt with, thus academic developments of simulation and gaming for social design as system thinking and practice methodologies are anticipated. Simulation and gaming has great potential for development as a tool to facilitate the transfer between theoretical and clinical knowledge.
Simulation-Based Analysis of Energy and Carbon Emissions in the Housing Sector: A System Dynamics Approach (Green Energy And Technology)
by Michael Gbolagade Oladokun Clinton Ohis AigbavboaThis book describes the development of a system dynamics-based model that can capture the future trajectories of housing energy and carbon emissions. It approaches energy and carbon emissions in the housing sector as a complex socio-technical problem involving the analysis of intrinsic interrelationships among dwellings, occupants and the environment. Based on an examination of the UK housing sector but with relevance worldwide, the book demonstrates how the systems dynamics simulation can be used as a learning laboratory regarding future trends in housing energy and carbon emissions. The authors employ a pragmatic research strategy, involving the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data to develop a model. The book enriches readers’ understanding of the complexity involved in housing energy and carbon emissions from a systems-thinking perspective. As such, it will be of interest to researchers in the fields of architectural engineering, housing studies and climate change, while also appealing to industry practitioners and policymakers specializing in housing energy.
Simulation Based Engineering in Solid Mechanics
by J. S. RaoThis book begins with a brief historical perspective of the advent of rotating machinery in 20th century Solid Mechanics and the development of the discipline of the Strength of Materials. High Performance Computing (HPC) and Simulation Based Engineering Science (SBES) have gradually replaced the conventional approach in Design bringing science directly into engineering without approximations. A recap of the required mathematical principles is given. The science of deformation, strain and stress at a point under the application of external traction loads is next presented. Only one-dimensional structures classified as Bars (axial loads), Rods (twisting loads) and Beams (bending loads) are considered in this book. The principal stresses and strains and von Mises stress and strain that used in design of structures are next presented. Lagrangian solution was used to derive the governing differential equations consistent with assumed deformation field and solution for deformations, strains and stresses were obtained. The finite element method most suitable for HPC is derived and the corresponding stiffness matrix for the element is derived. Assembling procedure of these matrices is then described to obtain the system matrices. Worked examples and exercises are given in each chapter. This book brings SBES at entry level allowing young students to quickly adapt to modern design practices.
Simulation of Additive Manufacturing using Meshfree Methods: With Focus on Requirements for an Accurate Solution (Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics #97)
by Christian WeißenfelsThis book provides a detailed instruction to virtually reproduce the processes of Additive Manufacturing on a computer. First, all mathematical equations needed to model these processes are presented. Due to their flexibility, meshfree methods represent optimal computational solution schemes to simulate Additive Manufacturing processes. On the other hand, these methods usually do not guarantee an accurate solution. For this reason, this monograph is dedicated in detail to the necessary criteria for computational solution schemes to provide accurate results. Several meshfree methods are examined with respect to these conditions. Two different 3D printing techniques are presented in detail. The results obtained from the simulation are investigated and compared with experimental data. This work is addressed to both scientists and professionals working in the field of development who are interested to learn the secrets behind meshfree methods or get into the modeling of Additive Manufacturing.
Simulation of Complex Systems in GIS (Wiley-iste Ser.)
by Patrice LangloisThis book provides a comprehensive view of geographical modeling. It first establishes the foundations of geographical modeling, covering such concepts as structure, organization, system, topologies, as well as the concept of time. Next, it tackles the use of computer tools for dynamic model building and presents several models applied to various themes, such as urban growth, natural risks, as well as political themes. Finally, a general model of the geographic agents system (GAS), which can be used as a basis for the construction of a model-building platform for dynamic spatial models is presented.
Simulation of Ecological and Environmental Models
by Miguel F. AcevedoGiven the importance of interdisciplinary work in sustainability, Simulation of Ecological and Environmental Models introduces the theory and practice of modeling and simulation as applied in a variety of disciplines that deal with earth systems, the environment, ecology, and human-nature interactions. Based on the author's many years of teaching g
Simulation of the Sea Surface for Remote Sensing (Springer Oceanography)
by Alexander Zapevalov Konstantin Pokazeev Tatiana ChaplinaThis book considers the formation of the signal reflected from the sea surface when sensing in the radio and optical range. Currently, remote sensing from space is the main source of information about the processes taking place in the atmosphere and ocean. The correct interpretation of remote sensing data requires detailed information about the rough surface that forms the reflected signal. The first three chapters describe the statistical and spatial-temporal characteristics of the sea surface, focusing on the effects associated with the nonlinearity of sea surface waves. The analysis makes extensive use of data obtained by the authors on a stationary oceanographic platform located on the Black sea. In the next seven chapters, the authors analyze how the nonlinearity of waves affects the formation of a signal reflected from the sea surface.This book is geared for advanced level research in the general subject area of remote sensing and modeling as they apply to the coastal marine environment. It is of value to scientists and engineers involved in the development of methods and instruments of remote sensing, analysis and interpretation of data. It is useful for students who have decided to devote themselves to the study of the oceans.
Simulation on Hydration of Tricalcium Silicate in Cement Clinker
by Dejian Shen Xin WangThis book is written based on authors' research on cement hydration during the past decade. It establishes simulation model to evaluate the influence of crystal defects on the dissolution of tricalcium silicate and morphology change of particles and explores the hydration kinetics and microstructure development of tricalcium silicate under the mixed control of dissolution, diffusion, as well as boundary nucleation and growth. It also provides a theoretical basis for regulating the microstructure and performance of cement-based materials. It is designed as a reference work for professionals or practitioners and as a textbook for undergraduates or postgraduates. This book provides valuable knowledge and useful methods that can be applied in the field of cement hydration.
Simulation Science: First International Workshop, Simscience 2017, Göttingen, Germany, April 27-28, 2017, Revised Selected Papers (Communications In Computer And Information Science #889)
by Marcus Baum Gunther Brenner Jens Grabowski Thomas Hanschke Stefan Hartmann Anita SchöbelThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the Clausthal-Göttingen International Workshop on Simulation Science, held in Göttingen, Germany, in April 2017. The 16 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on simulation and optimization in networks, simulation of materials, distributed simulations.
Simulation Tools and Methods for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Radial Inflow Turbine: Development and Application on Open-Source Code
by Jianhui QiTo protect the Earth, China has launched its target of peaking carbon dioxide emissions by 2030, and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 , which greatly encourages the use and development of renewable energy. Supercritical CO2 power cycle is a promising technology and the radial inflow turbine is the most important component of it, whose design and optimisation are considered as great challenges. This book introduces simulation tools and methods for supercritical CO2 radial inflow turbine, including a high fidelity quasi-one-dimensional design procedure, a non-ideal compressible fluid dynamics Riemann solver within open-source CFD software OpenFOAM framework, and a multi-objective Nelder–Mead geometry optimiser. Enhanced one-dimensional loss models are presented for providing a new insight towards the preliminary design of the supercritical CO2 radial inflow turbine. Since the flow phenomena within the blade channels are complex, involving fluid flow, shock wave transmission and boundary layer separation, only employing the ideal gas model is inadequate to predict the performance of the turbine. Thus, a non-ideal compressible fluid dynamics Riemann solver based on OpenFOAM library is developed. This book addresses the issues related to the turbine design and blade optimization and provides leading techniques. Hence, this book is of great value for the readers working on the supercritical CO2 radial inflow turbine and understanding the knowledge of CFD and turbomachinery.
Simulations of Dark Energy Cosmologies
by Elise JenningsA major outstanding problem in physics is understanding the nature of the dark energy that is driving the accelerating expansion of the Universe. This thesis makes a significant contribution by demonstrating, for the first time, using state-of-the-art computer simulations, that the interpretation of future galaxy survey measurements is far more subtle than is widely assumed, and that a major revision to our models of these effects is urgently needed. The work contained in the thesis was used by the WiggleZ dark energy survey to measure the growth rate of cosmic structure in 2011 and had a direct impact on the design of the surveys to be conducted by the European Space Agency's Euclid mission, a 650 million euro project to measure dark energy.
Sind Umweltkrisen Krisen der Natur oder der Kultur?
by Bernd HerrmannDieses Buch macht die Beiträge eines Workshops der Nationalen Akademie der Wissenschaften LEOPOLDINA zum Thema Umweltkrisen in Heidelberg im November 2014 der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Hochkarätige Experten diskutierten anhand von Beispielen die Veränderungen, die aus solchen Krisen und langsamen Parameteränderungen erwachsen und die mit ihrer Wahrnehmung verbundenen Bewertungsprobleme. Dabei wird das Thema sowohl aus natur- wie auch aus geisteswissenschaftlicher Sicht beleuchtet.
Sind wir noch zu retten?: Wie wir mit neuen Technologien die Natur verändern können
by Christopher J. PrestonNanotechnologie, synthetische Biologie, Wiedererweckung ausgestorbener Arten und Geoengineering – werden Menschen die Natur in Zukunft mit solchen Methoden grundlegend umgestalten? Man könnte es sich vorstellen.Auf der Erde gibt es keinen von Menschen unberührten Ort mehr – das hat wohl jeder schon einmal gehört. Aber die Bedeutung dieser Tatsache erschöpft sich nicht in Statistiken, die Gletscherschmelze und Artensterben dokumentieren. Vielmehr kennzeichnet sie den Beginn einer neuen Epoche der Erdgeschichte. Und das Auffälligste an diesem Synthetischen Zeitalter, so Christopher Preston, sind nicht nur die Auswirkungen des Menschen als solche, sondern die Veränderungen, die wir von nun an gezielt und absichtlich herbeiführen werden. Neue Technologien werden uns die Macht verleihen, viele grundlegende Abläufe der Natur selbst in die Hand zu nehmen. Damit verlassen wir nicht nur das Holozän und treten ins Anthropozän ein; wir lassen auch eine Zeit hinter uns, in der globaler Wandel nicht nur die unbeabsichtigte Folge einer ungezügelten Industrialisierung ist. Mit einer von Ingenieuren und Technikern gestalteten Welt beginnt das erste Synthetische Zeitalter unseres Planeten.Preston beschreibt eine Reihe von Technologien, die den „Stoffwechsel“ der Erde umgestalten werden: Nanotechnologie gibt den natürlichen Formen der Materie eine neue Struktur; „molekulare Produktion“ eröffnet unzählige neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten; synthetische Biologie erlaubt es uns, Genome nicht nur zu lesen, sondern auch aufzubauen; „biologische Mini-Maschinen“ überflügeln die Evolution; Arten werden umgesiedelt und wieder zum Leben erweckt; und mit Geoengineering kann man die Sonnenstrahlung mit Vulkandunst abschirmen, die Temperaturen auf der Erde durch hellere Wolken senken und mit künstlichen Bäumen, die Kohlenstoff aus Wind gewinnen, das CO2 aus der Atmosphäre beseitigen.Was bedeutet es, wenn Menschen die Erde nicht nur verwalten, sondern auch grundlegend umgestalten? Und wem sollten wir vertrauen, wenn es darum geht, über die Umrisse unserer synthetischen Zukunft zu entscheiden? Solche Fragen sind zu wichtig, als dass man sie den Ingenieuren überlassen sollte.
The sine-Gordon Model and its Applications
by Jesús Cuevas-Maraver Panayotis G. Kevrekidis Floyd WilliamsThe sine-Gordon model is a ubiquitous model of Mathematical Physics with a wide range of applications extending from coupled torsion pendula and Josephson junction arrays to gravitational and high-energy physics models. The purpose of this book is to present a summary of recent developments in this field, incorporating both introductory background material, but also with a strong view towards modern applications, recent experiments, developments regarding the existence, stability, dynamics and asymptotics of nonlinear waves that arise in the model. This book is of particular interest to a wide range of researchers in this field, but serves as an introductory text for young researchers and students interested in the topic. The book consists of well-selected thematic chapters on diverse mathematical and physical aspects of the equation carefully chosen and assigned.
Singapore Inc.: Strategies, Innovations, and Insights from Singapore's Top Corporations
by Leon Choong Easwaramoorthy Rangaswamy Ian Jamieson Anne-Marie KildayThis book features 100 local case studies examining the experiences of leading Singaporean companies across different sectors including aviation, logistics, banking, and real estate. They offer valuable insights into how companies adapted to evolving market dynamics, expanded their business portfolios, ventured into global markets, prioritised sustainability, and leveraged innovation and technology to maintain competitiveness. Through case studies, readers gain practical knowledge that can be applied to their own enterprises, a unique perspective into Singapore’s dynamic and competitive business landscape, and the successes and challenges faced by Singaporean companies. The book is divided into different sections exploring specific themes such as business strategy and transformation, diversification and expansion, sustainability, innovation and technology, financial performance, and risk management. It scrutinises how companies responded to shifting market conditions, competition, regulations, customer preferences, and global events. Additionally, it sheds light on the obstacles companies encountered in terms of sustainable practices, financial performance, risk management, talent retention, and technological advancements. By presenting cases across industries and companies in Singapore, Choong et al. highlight their triumphs, setbacks, and valuable lessons learned. This book can be rendered as a practical and essential resource for business professionals, entrepreneurs, and students interested in understanding effective business strategies.
Single-Molecule Magnets: Molecular Architectures and Building Blocks for Spintronics
by Malgorzata HolynskaConcise overview of synthesis and characterization of single molecule magnets Molecular magnetism is explored as an alternative to conventional solid-state magnetism as the basis for ultrahigh-density memory materials with extremely fast processing speeds. In particular single-molecule magnets (SMM) are in the focus of current research, both because of their intrinsic magnetization properties, as well as because of their potential use in molecular spintronic devices. SMMs are fascinating objects on the example of which one can explain many concepts. Single-Molecule Magnets: Molecular Architectures and Building Blocks for Spintronics starts with a general introduction to single-molecule magnets (SMM), which helps readers to understand the evolution of the field and its future. The following chapters deal with the current synthetic methods leading to SMMs, their magnetic properties and their characterization by methods such as high-field electron paramagnetic resonance, paramagnetic nuclear magnetic resonance, and magnetic circular dichroism. The book closes with an overview of radical-bridged SMMs, which have shown application potential as building blocks for high-density memories. Covers a hot topic – single-molecule magnetism is one of the fastest growing research fields in inorganic chemistry and materials science Provides researchers and newcomers to the field with a solid foundation for their further work Single-Molecule Magnets: Molecular Architectures and Building Blocks for Spintronics will appeal to inorganic chemists, materials scientists, molecular physicists, and electronics engineers interested in the rapidly growing field of study.