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Computerphysik: Praktische Einführung in computergestützte Physik mit C und Python sowie Numerik anhand von physikalischen Anwendungen
by Stefan GerlachPhysikalische Aufgaben mit dem Computer zu lösen, ist eine zunehmend wichtige Kompetenz. Dieses Lehrbuch führt Sie durch alle erforderlichen Schritte, beginnend bei den Grundlagen von Computern über die Programmierung und Datenverarbeitung hin zu den numerischen Methoden bis zu konkreten physikbezogenen Projekten. Besonderheiten: Mit diesem Buch wird das Grundwissen für wissenschaftliches Arbeiten gelegt, denn Begrifflichkeiten wie Datenkompetenz und Forschungsdatenmanagement inklusive Open Science und Gute wissenschaftliche Praxis sind längst nicht mehr aus der Wissenschaft wegzudenken. Kapitelweise wird das Erlernte mit vielen Beispielen, Übungen mit Lösungen, digitalen Karteikarten sowie Online-Programmcodes verdeutlicht und auf bekannte Probleme der Physik angewandt. Der Inhalt: 1. Einleitung – 2. Hard- und Software – 3. Datenspeicherung – 4. Arbeiten mit Linux – 5. Programmieren in C – 6. Programmieren in Python – 7. Wissenschaftliches Rechnen – 8. Arbeiten mit Daten – 9. Hochleistungsrechner – 10. Zahlendarstellung und Numerische Fehler – 11. Numerische Standardverfahren – 12. Numerik von gewöhnlichen Differenzialgleichungen – 13. Verfahren der linearen Algebra – 14. Zufallszahlen – 15. Der Oszillator – 16. Nichtlineare Dynamik – 17. Randwertprobleme – 18. Anfangswertprobleme – 19. Eigenwertprobleme – 20. Daten- und Signalanalyse – 21. Stochastische Methoden Neuerungen: In der 3. Auflage wurden alle Kapitel aktualisiert, teilweise erweitert und zwei neue zu Datenspeicherung und Datenverarbeitung ergänzt. Kapitelweise wurden Flashcards und Jupyter Notebooks neu eingeführt. Die Zielgruppe: Dieses Buch ist in erster Linie gedacht für Bachelorstudierende der Physik, aber auch anderer naturwissenschaftlicher Fächer sowie deren Lehrende. Vorkenntnisse: Computerwissen, Linux, C, Python u. Git werden nicht vorausgesetzt. Nur in Projekten wird auf Wissen aus den Grundvorlesungen der Physik zurückgegriffen.
Computing Qualitatively Correct Approximations of Balance Laws: Exponential-Fit, Well-Balanced and Asymptotic-Preserving (SEMA SIMAI Springer Series #2)
by Laurent GosseSubstantial effort has been drawn for years onto the development of (possibly high-order) numerical techniques for the scalar homogeneous conservation law, an equation which is strongly dissipative in L1 thanks to shock wave formation. Such a dissipation property is generally lost when considering hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, or simply inhomogeneous scalar balance laws involving accretive or space-dependent source terms, because of complex wave interactions. An overall weaker dissipation can reveal intrinsic numerical weaknesses through specific nonlinear mechanisms: Hugoniot curves being deformed by local averaging steps in Godunov-type schemes, low-order errors propagating along expanding characteristics after having hit a discontinuity, exponential amplification of truncation errors in the presence of accretive source terms... This book aims at presenting rigorous derivations of different, sometimes called well-balanced, numerical schemes which succeed in reconciling high accuracy with a stronger robustness even in the aforementioned accretive contexts. It is divided into two parts: one dealing with hyperbolic systems of balance laws, such as arising from quasi-one dimensional nozzle flow computations, multiphase WKB approximation of linear Schrödinger equations, or gravitational Navier-Stokes systems. Stability results for viscosity solutions of onedimensional balance laws are sketched. The other being entirely devoted to the treatment of weakly nonlinear kinetic equations in the discrete ordinate approximation, such as the ones of radiative transfer, chemotaxis dynamics, semiconductor conduction, spray dynamics or linearized Boltzmann models. "Caseology" is one of the main techniques used in these derivations. Lagrangian techniques for filtration equations are evoked too. Two-dimensional methods are studied in the context of non-degenerate semiconductor models.
Computing Research for Sustainability
by Committee on Computing Research for Environmental Societal SustainabilityA broad and growing literature describes the deep and multidisciplinary nature of the sustainability challenges faced by the United States and the world. Despite the profound technical challenges involved, sustainability is not, at its root, a technical problem, nor will merely technical solutions be sufficient. Instead, deep economic, political, and cultural adjustments will ultimately be required, along with a major, long-term commitment in each sphere to deploy the requisite technical solutions at scale. Nevertheless, technological advances and enablers have a clear role in supporting such change, and information technology (IT) is a natural bridge between technical and social solutions because it can offer improved communication and transparency for fostering the necessary economic, political, and cultural adjustments. Moreover, IT is at the heart of nearly every large-scale socioeconomic system-including systems for finance, manufacturing, and the generation and distribution of energy-and so sustainability-focused changes in those systems are inextricably linked with advances in IT. The focus of Computing Research for Sustainability is "greening through IT," the application of computing to promote sustainability broadly. The aim of this report is twofold: to shine a spotlight on areas where IT innovation and computer science (CS) research can help, and to urge the computing research community to bring its approaches and methodologies to bear on these pressing global challenges. Computing Research for Sustainability focuses on addressing medium- and long-term challenges in a way that would have significant, measurable impact. The findings and recommended principles of the Committee on Computing Research for Environmental and Societal Sustainability concern four areas: (1) the relevance of IT and CS to sustainability; (2) the value of the CS approach to problem solving, particularly as it pertains to sustainability challenges; (3) key CS research areas; and (4) strategy and pragmatic approaches for CS research on sustainability.
Computing and Network Sustainability: Proceedings of IRSCNS 2016 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #12)
by H. R. Vishwakarma Shyam AkasheThe book is compilation of technical papers presented at International Research Symposium on Computing and Network Sustainability (IRSCNS 2016) held in Goa, India on 1st and 2nd July 2016. The areas covered in the book are sustainable computing and security, sustainable systems and technologies, sustainable methodologies and applications, sustainable networks applications and solutions, user-centered services and systems and mobile data management. The novel and recent technologies presented in the book are going to be helpful for researchers and industries in their advanced works.
Computing in Nonlinear Media and Automata Collectives
by Andrew AdamatzkyComputing in Nonlinear Media and Automata Collectives presents an account of new ways to design massively parallel computing devices in advanced mathematical models, such as cellular automata and lattice swarms, from unconventional materials, including chemical solutions, bio-polymers, and excitable media.
Computing the Environment: Digital Design Tools for Simulation and Visualisation of Sustainable Architecture (AD Smart)
by Brady Peters Terri PetersComputing the Environment presents practical workflows and guidance for designers to get feedback on their design using digital design tools on environmental performance. Starting with an extensive state-of-the-art survey of what top international offices are currently using in their design projects, this book presents detailed descriptions of the tools, algorithms, and workflows used and discusses the theories that underlie these methods. Project examples from Transsolar Klimaengineering, Buro Happold´s SMART Group, Behnish Behnisch Architects, Thomas Herzog, Autodesk Research are contextualized with quotes and references to key thinkers in this field such as Eric Winsberg, Andrew Marsh, Michelle Addington and Ali Malkawi.
Con la cabeza en alto: Cómo una comunidad amazónica protegió la selva
by Laura Resau Patricia GualingaUna inspiradora historia real sobre cómo una activista trabajó en la Amazonía con otras comunidades indígenas para proteger y preservar sus tierras y selvas sagradas.An inspiring true story about how an activist in the Amazon worked with other Indigenous communities to protect and preserve their sacred lands and forests.Patricia (Paty) Gualinga creció en su aldea kichwa, en la Amazonía ecuatoriana, donde seres míticos llamados Amazangas ayudan a proteger la selva. Debido a los estudios, Paty dejó su hogar hasta que se vio obligada a regresar. En la búsqueda de petróleo, compañías que afirmaban que el gobierno les había vendido propiedades estaban destruyendo las tierras del pueblo de Paty. La comunidad kichwa trabajó junto con otros grupos indígenas para llevar al gobierno ecuatoriano ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.Esta emotiva historia, de narrativa poética y bellas ilustraciones, recordará a los lectores la importancia de conservar la naturaleza, ser perseverantes y alzarse en defensa de uno mismo y de la comunidad.Patricia (Paty) Gualinga grew up in her Kichwa village in the Amazon of Ecuador where mystical beings called Amazanga help protect the forest. Paty traveled away from home for school until she was called back—companies that said the government sold them property were destroying her people&’s lands to look for oil. The Kichwa community worked with other Indigenous groups to bring the Ecuadorian government to the Court of Human Rights.Lyrically told and beautifully illustrated, this moving story will remind readers of the importance of nature conservation, perseverance, and standing up for your community.
Conceptions of Space and Place in Strategic Spatial Planning (RTPI Library Series)
by Ian Strange Simin DavoudiBringing together authors from academia and practice, this book examines spatial planning at different places throughout the British Isles. Six illustrative case studies of practice examine which conceptions of space and place have been articulated, presented and visualized through the production of spatial strategies. Ranging from a large conurbation (London) to regional (Yorkshire and Humber) and national levels, the case studies give a rounded and grounded view of the physical results and the theory behind them. While there is widespread support for re-orienting planning towards space and place, there has been little common understanding about what constitutes ‘spatial planning’, and what conceptions of space and place underpin it. This book addresses these questions and stimulates debate and critical thinking about space and place among academic and professional planners.
Concepts and Applications of Remote Sensing in Forestry
by Mohd Nazip SuratmanThis edited book is a collection of information on recent advancements in remote sensing for forestry application. The main focus of this book is to address the novel applications in remote sensing in terms of recent techniques, sensors, methods and data collection. Remote sensing has been used for many decades. Today, remote sensing is heavily utilized in forest management, which is acquired from airborne and space-borne platforms using satellite data. In recent years, there have been rapid advances in the new types of sensors. The new generations of satellite sensors are introduced not only to provide important information on forest ecosystems, but also to improve the techniques and accuracies obtained by the traditional approaches. Researchers have become increasingly aware of the potential of remote sensing to address important forestry issues and challenges. The number of forestry publications using remote sensing has grown very rapidly, and this is noticeable with many recent technologies and applications. This book provides valuable source of reference to foresters, researchers, ecologists, climate change scientists and scholars who use remote sensing in their work. Furthermore, it serves as an academic book for undergraduate and graduate students of forestry, agriculture, natural resources and environmental sciences. The book demonstrates and engages the students how the new advancements in remote sensing technology and theory relate to the many real-world forestry applications. It gives readers deeper understanding on how remote sensing has come a long way and evolved into a mature science in the past five decades.
Concepts and Approaches for Sustainability Management (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation)
by Khai Ern LeeWith the introduction of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by the United Nations General Assembly in 25 September 2015, UN agencies, member states and stakeholders have begun to focus on the adoption and implementation of these strategies in realization of 17 Sustainable Development Goals. To work toward sustainability, strategic measures to encourage stakeholders to contribute to the goals of the 2030 agenda are needed. In recognition of these efforts, this book is produced to compile research concepts and approaches for the area of sustainability management of industry, technology development, community, education and the environment. The objective of this book is to deliberate concepts and approaches of sustainability management taking place in Malaysia whereby case studies will be revealed to provide way forward of sustainability management toward achieving sustainable development. The insights provided can be applied to advanced and developing countries by sustainable development practitioners, encompassing government agencies, academia, industries, NGOs and community, who would like to adopt the concept of approach of sustainability into their area of management.
Concepts and Challenges: Earth and Space
by Leonard Bernstein Martin Schachter Alan Winkler Stanley WolfeIn this book, students will use a variety of science process skills to understand the facts and theories in Earth and Space science.
Concepts and Challenges: Environmental Science
by Leonard Bernstein Martin Schachter Alan Winkler Stanley WolfeTextbook about environmental science for teens.
Concepts and Values in Biodiversity (Routledge Studies in Biodiversity Politics and Management)
by Dirk Lanzerath Minou FrieleBiodiversity may refer to the diversity of genes, species or ecosystems in general. These varying concepts of biodiversity occasionally lead to conflicts among researchers and policy makers, as each of them require a customized type of protection strategy. This book addresses the questions surrounding the merits of conserving an existing situation, evolutionary development or the intentional substitution of one genome, species or ecosystem for another. Any practical steps towards the protection of biodiversity demand a definition of that which is to be protected and, in turn, the motivations for protecting biodiversity. Is biodiversity a necessary model which is also useful, or does it carry intrinsic value? Debates like this are particularly complex when interested parties address it from different conceptual and moral perspectives. Comprised of three parts, each complemented by a short introductory paragraph, this collection presents a variety of approaches to this challenge. The chapters cover the perspectives of environmental scientists with expertise in evolutionary, environmental biology, systematic zoology and botany, as well as those of researchers with expertise in philosophy, ethics, politics, law and economics. This combination facilitates a truly interdisciplinary debate by highlighting hitherto unacknowledged implications that inform current academic and political debates on biodiversity and its protection. The book should be of interest to students and researchers of environment studies, biodiversity, environmental philosophy, ethics and management.
Concepts in Quantum Mechanics (Pure and Applied Physics)
by Vishnu S. Mathur Surendra SinghTaking a conceptual approach to the subject, Concepts in Quantum Mechanics provides complete coverage of both basic and advanced topics. Following in the footsteps of Dirac's classic work Principles of Quantum Mechanics, it explains all themes from first principles.The authors present alternative ways of representing the state of a physical system,
Conceptual Density Functional Theory: Towards a New Chemical Reactivity Theory
by Shubin LiuConceptual Density Functional Theory A unique resource that combines experimental and theoretical qualitative computing methods for a new foundation of chemical reactivity This two-volume reference book shows how conceptual density functional theory can reconcile empirical observations within silico calculations using density functional theory, molecular orbital theory, and valence bond theory. The ability to predict properties like electronegativity, acidity/basicity, strong covalent and weak intermolecular interactions as well as chemical reactivity makes DFT directly applicable to almost all problems in applied chemistry, from synthetic chemistry to catalyst design and materials characterization. Edited by one of the most recognized experts in the field and contributed to by a panel of international experts, the work addresses topics such as: Qualitative methods that are capable of rationalizing chemical concepts derived from theory and computation Fundamental concepts like the computation of chemical bonding, weak interactions, and reactivity Computational approaches for chemical concepts in excited states, extended systems, and time-dependent processes Theoretical chemists and physicists, as well as those applying theoretical calculations to empirical problems, will be able to use this book to gain unique insight into how theory intersects with experimental data in the field of qualitative computation.
Conceptual Developments of 20th Century Field Theories
by Tian Yu CaoThis new edition of Conceptual Developments of 20th Century Field Theories explores the conceptual foundations and historical roots of fundamental field theories. It also uncovers the underlying issues, logic and dynamics in fundamental physics. In response to new advances in the field over the past twenty years, the sections on gauge theory and quantum field theory have been thoroughly revised and elaborated. The chapter on ontological synthesis and scientific realism has also been reconsidered, now suggesting a new approach that goes beyond structuralism and historicism. Providing an integrated picture of the physical world, it is a valuable resource for theoretical physicists and philosophers of science with an interest in the development of twentieth century mathematical physics. It also provides professional historians and sociologists of science with a basis for further historical, cultural and sociological analysis of the theories discussed.
Conceptual Innovation in Environmental Policy (American and Comparative Environmental Policy)
by James Meadowcroft Daniel FiorinoConcepts and their role in the evolution of modern environmental policy, with case studies of eleven influential concepts ranging from “environment” to “sustainable consumption.”Concepts are thought categories through which we apprehend the world; they enable, but also constrain, reasoning and debate and serve as building blocks for more elaborate arguments. This book traces the links between conceptual innovation in the environmental sphere and the evolution of environmental policy and discourse. It offers both a broad framework for examining the emergence, evolution, and effects of policy concepts and a detailed analysis of eleven influential environmental concepts.In recent decades, conceptual evolution has been particularly notable in environmental governance, as new problems have emerged and as environmental issues have increasingly intersected with other areas. “Biodiversity,” for example, was unheard of until the late 1980s; “negative carbon emissions” only came into being over the last few years. After a review of concepts and their use in environmental argument, chapters chart the trajectories of a range of environmental concepts: environment, sustainable development, biodiversity, environmental assessment, critical loads, adaptive management, green economy, environmental risk, environmental security, environmental justice, and sustainable consumption. The book provides a valuable resource for scholars and policy makers and also offers a novel introduction to the environmental policy field through the evolution of its conceptual categories.ContributorsRichard N. L. Andrews, Karin Bäckstrand, Karen Baehler, Daniel J. Fiorino, Yrjö Haila, Michael E. Kraft, Oluf Langhelle, Judith A. Layzer, James Meadowcroft, Alexis Schulman, Johannes Stripple, Philip J. Vergragt
Conceptual Models Of Flow And Transport In The Fractured Vadose Zone
by Panel on Conceptual Models of Flow Transport in the Fractured Vadose ZoneFluid flow and solute transport within the vadose zone, the unsaturated zone between the land surface and the water table, can be the cause of expanded plumes arising from localized contaminant sources. An understanding of vadose zone processes is, therefore, an essential prerequisite for cost-effective contaminant remediation efforts. In addition, because such features are potential avenues for rapid transport of chemicals from contamination sources to the water table, the presence of fractures and other channel-like openings in the vadose zone poses a particularly significant problem, Conceptual Models of Flow and Transport in the Fractured Vadose Zone is based on the work of a panel established under the auspices of the U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics. It emphasizes the importance of conceptual models and goes on to review the conceptual model development, testing, and refinement processes. The book examines fluid flow and transport mechanisms, noting the difficulty of modeling solute transport, and identifies geochemical and environmental tracer data as important components of the modeling process. Finally, the book recommends several areas for continued research.
Conceptual Physical Science (Fifth Edition)
by Paul G. Hewitt Leslie A. Hewitt John A. SuchockiConceptual Physical Science, Fifth Edition, takes learning physical science to a new level by combining Hewitt's leading conceptual approach with a friendly writing style, strong integration of the sciences, more quantitative coverage, and a wealth of media resources to help professors in class, and students out of class. It provides a conceptual overview of basic, essential topics in physics, chemistry, earth science, and astronomy with optional quantitative coverage.
Conceptualising Demand: A Distinctive Approach to Consumption and Practice
by Elizabeth Shove Greg Marsden Jenny RinkinenThis book addresses fundamental questions about the very idea of demand: how is it constituted, how does it change and how might it be steered? Conceptualising Demand focuses on five core propositions: that demand is derived from social practices; that it is made and not simply met; that it is materially embedded and temporally unfolding; and that it is modulated through many forms of policy and governance. In working through these claims, the book weaves concepts from the sociology of consumption, science and technology studies, policy analyses and social theories of practice together with empirical cases and new research into such topics as the rise of refrigerated foods, the emergence of online shopping and the transformation of energy demanding services. This innovative book takes a fresh look at the very idea of demand, a concept that is often taken for granted, but that is vital for scholars and students of energy, mobility, climate change and consumption, and anyone interested in the subject.
Concise Handbook of Mathematics and Physics
by Eugene I. Butikov Alexander S. Kondratyev Alexander G. AlenitsynConcise Handbook of Mathematics and Physics presents a unified and coherent treatment of all the major aspects of modern elementary physics and mathematics. This complete text/reference includes definitions of fundamental notations and physical and mathematical quantities, formulas that express the laws of physics, axioms and theorems of mathematics, and more. The information is organized logically (instead of alphabetically) for better comprehension and quick, convenient access.The book contains extensive cross-referencing between the mathematical and physical sections. reflecting the considerable overlap between these two areas of study and increasing the usefulness of this handbook. Fundamental concepts, theorems, and laws are demonstrated through numerous practical examples and tasks to help build problem-solving skills.
Concrete Buildings in Seismic Regions, Second Edition
by George Penelis Gregory PenelisReinforced concrete (R/C) is one of the main building materials used worldwide, and an understanding of its structural performance under gravity and seismic loads, albeit complex, is crucial for the design of cost effective and safe buildings.Concrete Buildings in Seismic Regions comprehensively covers of all the analysis and design issues related
Concrete Jungle
by Niles Eldredge Sidney HorensteinIf they are to survive, cities need healthy chunks of the world's ecosystems to persist; yet cities, like parasites, grow and prosper by local destruction of these very ecosystems. In this absorbing and wide-ranging book, Eldredge and Horenstein use New York City as a microcosm to explore both the positive and the negative sides of the relationship between cities, the environment, and the future of global biodiversity. They illuminate the mass of contradictions that cities present in embodying the best and the worst of human existence. The authors demonstrate that, though cities have voracious appetites for resources such as food and water, they also represent the last hope for conserving healthy remnants of the world's ecosystems and species. With their concentration of human beings, cities bring together centers of learning, research, government, finance, and media--institutions that increasingly play active roles in solving environmental problems. Some of the topics covered in Concrete Jungle: --The geological history of the New York region, including remnant glacial features visible today --The early days of urbanization on Manhattan Island, focusing on the history of Central Park, Collect Pond, and Manhattan Square --The history of early railway lines and the development of New York's iconic subway system --The problem of producing enough safe drinking water for an ever-expanding population --Prominent civic institutions, including universities, museums, and zoos
Concrete Petrography: A Handbook of Investigative Techniques, Second Edition
by ALAN B. POOLE; IAN SIMSThis classic reference has established the value of petrography as a powerful method for the investigation of concrete as a material. It provides an authoritative and well-illustrated review of concrete composition and textures, including the causes of defects, deterioration, and failure that can be identified using a petrological microscope. This new edition is entirely revised and updated and also greatly extended to take account of new scientific developments and significant improvements in instrumentation and to reflect current laboratory working practices, as well as to reflect new understanding of the performance of concrete and related materials. Now in full color throughout, Concrete Petrography, Second Edition provides case study examples, with appropriate explanatory discussions and practical advice on selecting, handling and preparing specimens. It assists and guides the engineer, the trainee and the experienced petrographer in understanding the scientific evidence that is basic to petrographic analysis and so will lead to more accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment of problems in structural concrete. This book includes: Contributions in specialist areas by internationally recognized experts Explanation of computer techniques as an aid to petrography Full coverage of inspection, sampling, and specimen preparation New sections covering recent technological development of equipment Guidance on observation of cement and concrete mineralogy and microfabrics Discussion and illustrative examples of deterioration and failure mechanisms New work and guidance on the determination of water/cement ratio New color illustrations and micrographs throughout Thorough updating of standards, other authoritative publications, and references A fully revised, extended, and updated glossary of optical and other properties
Concrete Structures in Earthquake
by Thomas T. C. HsuThis book gathers 23 papers by top experts from 11 countries, presented at the 3rd Houston International Forum: Concrete Structures in Earthquake. Designing infrastructures to resist earthquakes has always been the focus and mission of scientists and engineers located in tectonically active regions, especially around the “Pacific Rim of Fire” including China, Japan, and the USA. The pace of research and innovation has accelerated in the past three decades, reflecting the need to mitigate the risk of severe damage to interconnected infrastructures, and to facilitate the incorporation of high-speed computers and the internet. The respective papers focus on the design and analysis of concrete structures subjected to earthquakes, advance the state of knowledge in disaster mitigation, and address the safety of infrastructures in general.