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Construction Materials: Geology, Production and Applications (Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment)
by Manuel Bustillo RevueltaConstruction Materials is a comprehensive textbook covering all raw materials and products related to the construction processes, and not only those applied to building structures. The book is organized to help readers achieve competent knowledge about construction materials. At the beginning of the book the author offers the general concepts, definitions, and standards adopted worldwide for these materials to be used along the book. The central part of the text covers the primary construction materials required to manufacture concrete and mortars, the most relevant construction materials in the last century. Expressly, concrete and mortar are treated in detail in dedicated chapters per component. In addition, the author addresses other relevant materials in construction such as ceramic materials, metals and alloys, bituminous materials, and geosynthetic materials. Finally, since the construction industry is one of the largest single waste producing sector in the world, the last chapter outlines the main types and characteristics of construction and demolition waste (e.g. recycled aggregates).The book appeals to students but also professionals interested in construction materials and construction and civil engineering.
Construction of the Façade Systems: Production and Assembly Procedures of the Advanced Building Envelopes (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Ingrid Paoletti Massimiliano NastriThe book explores the advanced façade systems according to the productive and constructive contents, in a cognitive and operative form, as a manual text to provide guidelines for researchers, technicians and professionals. It provides operational guidance for the technological design, production planning and site executive coordination for the realization of façade systems. The analysis deals with the main building elements and technical interfaces. The study of the façade systems, after explaining the anchoring structures and their connections to the load-bearing elements, investigates the criteria for the assembly between the framings. In particular, the book examines the technical interfaces of the main advanced envelope systems with respect to the functional, constructive and applicative coordination procedures of the mullions and transoms framing, of the structural sealant glazing façade system, of the unit façade system, of the suspended façade system and of the double skin façade system. The technical and manual character of the book is also expressed through the analysis of the functional and application procedures of the gaskets with respect to the façade systems in order to prevent the transmission of air and water loads: the analysis focuses on the connections between the framing and the enclosure elements of the envelope, in accordance with the compensation of height differences in order to guarantee impermeability, airtightness and insulation. Then, the book describes the assembly and interface conditions between elements of different composition and production within the façade systems: the examination of the technical interfaces involves the development and application of sealants, based on the loads exerted on the jointing devices, in order to fulfill the requirements of sealing and tightness with respect to mechanical, thermal and hygrometric, water, air and wind stresses. Moreover, the study of the envelope systems examines the methodologies directed toward fulfilling the requirements with respect to the actions caused by fire loads, considering the contents related to both components and connections and fixing surfaces.
Construction Technology of Large Diameter Underwater Shield Tunnel (Key Technologies for Tunnel Construction under Complex Geological and Environmental Conditions)
by Jian Chen Fanlu Min Shouhui WangThis book systematically introduces the new technology used in the construction of underwater large slurry shields under complex conditions. The basic principles, scope of application, construction technology and technical points of the key technologies such as the origin and arrival of the shield, crossing the shallow soil in the middle of the river, crossing the guard, and changing the knife and opening the knife are clarified.
Constructive Processing of Microwave and Optical Data for Hydrogeochemical Applications
by Costas A. Varotsos Vladimir F. Krapivin Ferdenant A. Mkrtchyan Yong XueThis book presents results of the combined use of microwave remote sensing, optical tools, and ecoinformatics methods under solution-applied tasks at both regional and global scales. Ecoinformatics methods are used to assess links between global climate change and the level of ocean pollution, with specific focus on the Arctic Ocean, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the South-China Sea. The theoretical and applied aspects of instrumental tools are considered in this book as a basis for the monitoring of water quality in various watersheds, with particular attention to microwave remote sensing monitoring data to determine the ecotoxicological status of hydro-ecosystems affected by climate change. The book develops new information technologies that provide solutions for hydrochemical tasks using algorithms and models based on computer technologies for big data processing. This will help to synthesize effective computer-based systems for the solution of problems arising due to anthropogenic impacts on hydrological processes and objects at various spatial scales. This book is intended for specialists in the fields of environmental monitoring, climate change, human-nature interactions, and geopolitics. The book will be useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying these fields of science as well.
Constructuring The Countryside: An Approach To Rural Development
by Terry Marsden Jonathon Murdoch Philip Lowe Richard C Munton Andrew FlynnAs the first book in the Restructuring Rural Areas series, "Constructing the countryside" presents a new methodological approach to the analysis of rural change. The authors seek to link wider developments in the global political economy to the behaviour of local actors and, in so doing, they place research into rural studies much more firmly than hitherto in the mainstream of social science enquiry. The outcome is a book that promotes a truly interdisciplinary approach through which the constant "reconstruction" of the countryside can be properly understood. This holistic perspective, sustained by an historical analysis of rural change, has been made possible by the extensive research experience of the authors.; The book is a product of the work done at the London Countryside Research Centre, which was set up in 1989 by the Economic and Social Research Council. The Centre's research has focused upon the social and political forces for change in rural areas and how these relate to rapid alterations in national economic circumstances and to public policies affecting the countryside for example, the Common Agricultural Policy of the EC .; On the one hand, the book provides a set of insights into the trends that will guide rural change in advanced economies into the next century; on the other, it offers a challenging account of how they can be investigated.; "Constructing the countryside" will appeal to both students and staff in a wide range of social science disciplines, including agricultural economics, environmental management, planning, land economy, geography and rural sociology, and to all those concerned with the future development of rural areas.; This book is intended for students and researchers in rural planning and environmental/geographical studies, whether within a geographical or a sociological milieu.
Consultancy and Innovation: The Business Service Revolution in Europe (Routledge Studies in International Business and the World Economy #Vol. 25)
by Peter WoodConsultancy and Innovation links two important aspects of European economic development in the past thirty years: the pace of technical and management innovation, and the growing significance of technical and business consultancy. This book includes detailed studies of consultancy activities or 'knowledge intensive services' (KIS) in eight EU countries, written by national experts in the field.
Consumed: The Need for Collective Change: Colonialism, Climate Change, and Consumerism
by Aja BarberA call to action for consumers everywhere, Consumed asks us to look at how and why we buy what we buy, how it's created, who it benefits, and how we can solve the problems created by a wasteful system. We live in a world of stuff. We dispose of most of it in as little as six months after we receive it. The byproducts of our quest to consume are creating an environmental crisis. Aja Barber wants to change this--and you can, too. In Consumed, Barber calls for change within an industry that regularly overreaches with abandon, creating real imbalances in the environment and the lives of those who do the work—often in unsafe conditions for very low pay—and the billionaires who receive the most profit. A story told in two parts, Barber exposes the endemic injustices in our consumer industries and the uncomfortable history of the textile industry, one which brokered slavery, racism, and today&’s wealth inequality. Once the layers are peeled back, Barber invites you to participate in unlearning, to understand the truth behind why we consume in the way that we do, to confront the uncomfortable feeling that we are never quite enough and why we fill that void with consumption rather than compassion. Barber challenges us to challenge the system and our role in it. The less you buy into the consumer culture, the more power you have. Consumed will teach you how to be a citizen and not a consumer.
Consumer Perceptions and Food
by Diana BoguevaThis book is a timely overview of the various aspects of consumer perception related to food. This book explores consumer perceptions that are vital to marketers and often underlie the success or failure of products in the marketplace. Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensations into a meaningful whole, and this book highlights how human perceptions are unique, highly subjective, and easily distorted. These perceptions are influenced by our senses—sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch—as well as our beliefs, emotions, opinions, and experiences. This book states that this is related to food, and perceptions are also guided by beliefs, thoughts, emotions, feelings, and opinions about, or preferences, expectations, and knowledge of, and the sensory experience, the fear, and the relationships built between the consumers and the food over time. This book aims to further the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms which determine individual responses to existing and emerging food issues. This book provides insights into consumer behaviour (e.g. consumer decision making, promoting behaviour change), factors influencing consumers’ food and meal choices, confidence in the safety of food, perception of health-related messages and food laws and regulations, sustainable and responsible consumer behaviour (e.g. food waste), acceptability of new food alternatives, innovations and technologies, integrating consumer insight and communication challenges in cross-functional communications in innovation processes. "Consumer Perceptions and Food" delves into how these perceptions shape consumer behavior, from decision-making and behavior change to meal choices and confidence in food safety. It explores the impact of health-related messages, food laws, and regulations, and examines the acceptability of new food alternatives and technologies. The book also addresses the importance of sustainable and responsible consumer behavior, including food waste and ethical consumption. Through a rich array of insights, this book provides a deep understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that drive individual responses to food issues. It emphasizes the importance of mindful eating—making conscious food choices that benefit our health, the environment, and the planet. This involves considering the origins of our food, its production methods, and the broader impacts of our choices on public health and ecosystems. This book is a call to action for consumers to rethink their relationship with food, fostering deeper connections and appreciation for sustainable practices and ethical consumption. It is a crucial step in the ongoing journey of shaping the future of food, guided by informed and mindful consumers.
Consumer Services and Economic Development
by Colin C. WilliamsConsumer Services have been viewed as parasitic activities, dependent on other sectors of the economy for their viability and vitality. Yet local economic policy is now looking towards consumer services to solve severe economic problems. The rapid expansion of the service sector is now a principal feature of contemporary global economic restructuri
Consumer Society and the Post-modern City
by David B ClarkeThe fact that we inhabit a consumer society has incredibly far-reaching implications. Working through the often controversial ideas of the consumer society's most influential theorists, Jean Baudrillard and Zygmunt Bauman, this book assesses the ways in which consumerism is reshaping the nature and meaning of the city. It examines the nature of consumption and its increasing centrality to post-modern society by;*considering the development of consumerism as a central facet of social life*demonstrating that social inequalities are increasingly structured around consumption*uncovering the hidden consequences of consumerism*pondering the meaning of lifestyle*revealing how the nature of reality is changing in an age of globalization.Employing a sustained and engaging theoretical analysis, the book ranges across a variety of sometimes unexpected topics. It represents an impassioned plea for everyone interested in the social life of cities to take the notion of the consumer society - and the arguments of its major theorists - seriously.
Consumerism in the Ancient World: Imports and Identity Construction (Routledge Monographs in Classical Studies #17)
by Justin St. P. WalshGreek pottery was exported around the ancient world in vast quantities over a period of several centuries. This book focuses on the Greek pottery consumed by people in the western Mediterranean and trans-Alpine Europe from 800-300 BCE, attempting to understand the distribution of vases, and particularly the reasons why people who were not Greek decided to acquire them. This new approach includes discussion of the ways in which objects take on different meanings in new contexts, the linkages between the consumption of goods and identity construction, and the utility of objects for signaling positive information about their owners to their community. The study includes a database of almost 24,000 artifacts from more than 230 sites in Portugal, Spain, France, Switzerland, and Germany. This data was mapped and analyzed using geostatistical techniques to reveal different patterns of consumption in different places and at different times. The development of the new approaches explored in this book has resulted in a shift away from reliance on the preserved fragments of ancient Greek authors’ descriptions of western Europe, remains of monumental buildings, and major artworks, and toward investigation of social life and more prosaic forms of material culture.
The Consumer’s Guide to Effective Environmental Choices: Practical Advice from The Union of Concerned Scientists
by Michael Brower Warren LeonFrom one of the most prestigious nonprofit organizations devoted to environmental issues comes a clear, practical, and rational overview of the relationship between consumers and the environment. Paper or plastic? Bus or car? Old house or new? Cloth diapers or disposables? Some choices have a huge impact on the environment; others are of negligible importance. To those of us who care about our quality of life and what is happening to the earth, this is a vastly important issue. In these pages, the Union of Concerned Scientists help inform consumers about everyday decisions that significantly affect the environment. For example, a few major decisions--such as the choice of a house or vehicle--have such a disproportionately large affect on the environment that minor environmental infractions shrink by comparison. This book identifies the 4 Most Significant Consumer-Related Environmental Problems, the 7 Most Damaging Spending Categories, 11 Priority Actions, and 7 Rules for Responsible Consumption. Learn what you can do to have a truly significant impact on our world from the people who are at the forefront of scientific research.
Consumers, Society and Marketing: A Sustainability Perspective (CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance)
by Dilip S. Mutum Ezlika M. GhazaliEnvironment and social responsibility are paramount for any modern business strategy, and the field of marketing is adapting itself to the new focus on sustainability. The study of the interface between consumers, society, and marketing is crucial for understanding the complex interactions between individuals and the products and services they consume and the resulting implications. In this book, the authors delve into the latest research and theories on the subject, providing insight into the various factors that shape consumer behavior and the broader impacts of marketing on society. Whether you are a student, professional, or simply curious about the topic, this book will provide a valuable resource for your learning and exploration. Instead of treating ethical foundations and critical marketing perspectives separately, this book merges them and takes a broader sustainability perspective. It examines the various ways in which businesses are incorporating sustainability into their marketing strategies, and the impact these efforts are having on consumers, the economy, and the planet. Topics covered in this book include: Evolution of marketing thoughtCritique of marketingSustainable marketingSocial marketingEvolving consumer representations and roles, and many more
Consuming Cities: The Urban Environment in the Global Economy after Rio
by Ingemar Elander Brendan Gleeson Rolf Lidskog Nicholas LowThis book is about cities as engines of consumption of the world's environment, and the spread of policies to reduce their impact. It looks at these issues by examining the impact of the Rio Declaration and assesses the extent to which it has made a difference. Consuming Cities examines this impact using case studies from around the world including: the USA, Japan, Germany, the UK, China, India, Sweden, Poland, Australia and Indonesia The contributors all have direct experience of the urban environment and urban policies in the countries on which they write and offer an authoritative commentary which brings the urban 'consumption' dimension of sustainable development into focus.
Consuming Geographies: We Are Where We Eat
by Gill Valentine David BellFood occupies a seemingly mundane position in all our lives, yet the ways we think about shopping, cooking and eating are actually intensely reflexive. The daily pick and mix of our eating habits is one way we experience spatial scale. From the relationship of our food intake to our body-shape, to the impact of our tastes upon global food-production regimes, we all read food consumption as a practice which impacts on our sense of place.Drawing on anthropological, sociological and cultural readings of food consumption, as well as empirical material on shopping, cooking, food technology and the food media, this book demonstrates the importance of space and place in identity formation. We all think place (and) identity through food - we are where we eat!
Consuming Interests: The Social Provision of Foods (Consumption And Space Ser.)
by Michelle Harrison Terry Marsden Andrew FlynnCombining theory, research and policy Consuming Interests provides a topical interdisciplinary exploration into the nature of food provision, policy and regulation. The book provides a detailed examination of corporate retailers, state agencies and consumer organisations involved in the food sector. The analysis explores questions including: * what can the public expect from the state* what limits are there on state action* what are the most appropriate balancesbetween public and private interests in the provision of 'quality' foods.
Consuming Space: Placing Consumption in Perspective
by Michael K. Goodman David Goodman Michael RedcliftAn examination of the relationship between space, place and consumption offers important insights into some of the most powerful forces constructing contemporary societies. Space and place are made and remade through consumption. Yet how do cultures of consumption discover space, and how do they construct place? This book addresses these questions by exploring the implications of conceptualizing consumption as a spatial, increasingly global, yet intensely localized activity. The work develops integrative approaches that articulate the processes involved in the production and consumption of space and place. The result is a varied, engaging, and innovative study of consumption and its role in structuring contemporary capitalist political economies.
Consuming the Environment (Routledge-SCORAI Studies in Sustainable Consumption)
by Myra J. HirdConsuming the Environment explores the environmental impacts of consuming everyday products and explains how we can consume more sustainably.Written in an accessible style, this book begins with our everyday mundane experiences of consuming products – online, in the grocery store, at the mall – and shows how these practices are connected to a global system dependent upon ever increasing consumption. Drawing on the expertise of researchers in topics such as energy, food, water, land, fashion, electronics, eco-tourism, green products, and (micro)plastics, this volume unpacks the complex and largely invisible relationships that consumerism has with resource extraction and manufacturing. By focusing on a diverse range of everyday consumer products, as well as more subtle things that have been transformed into products, such as knowledge, waste, and pets, the chapters are structured around the central argument that we must re-orient ourselves as citizens rather than consumers. It is as citizens that we may help to organize our communities and hold our governments and industry accountable to planetary sustainability boundaries.With the inclusion of summary boxes, directed discussion, assignment questions, and further reading in each chapter, this book will be an essential resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying courses on consumerism, sustainable consumption, and environmental sociology.
Consuming Tradition, Manufacturing Heritage: Global Norms and Urban Forms in the Age of Tourism
by Nezar AlSayyadFrom the Grand Tour to today's packages holidays, the last two centuries have witnessed an exponential growth in travel and tourism and, as the twenty-first century unfolds, people of every class and from every country will be wandering to every part of the planet.Meanwhile tourist destinations throughout the world find themselves in ever more fierce competition - those places marginalized in today's global industrial and information economy perceiving tourism as perhaps the only means of surviving. But mass tourism has raised the local and international passions as people decry the irreversible destruction of traditional places and historic sites.Against these trends and at a time when standardized products and services are marketed worldwide, there is an increasing demand for built environments that promise unique cultural experiences. This has led many nations and groups to engage in the parallel processes of facilitating the consumption of tradition and of manufacturing tradition.The contributors to this volume - drawn from a wide range of disciplines - address these themes within the following sections: Traditions and Tourism: Rethinking the "Other"; Imaging and Manufacturing Heritage; Manufacturing and Consuming: Global and Local. Their studies, dealing with very different times, environments and geographic locales, will shed new light on how tourist 'gaze' transforms the reality of built spaces into cultural imagery.
Consumption-Based Approaches in International Climate Policy (Springer Climate)
by Christian LiningerThis book analyses the potentials and consequences of a change from production-based to consumption-based approaches in international climate policy. With the help of an analytical model, the author investigates the effects of different policy variants on environmental effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, carbon leakage, competitiveness and the global distribution of income. The economic, legal and political background and the often contradictory findings on consumption-based approaches are reviewed in great detail. In the final chapters, options for practical policy design are developed. The book concludes that a switch to consumption orientation is not a policy tool whereby industrialized countries can unilaterally improve climate policy effectiveness, but should rather be seen as a possible intermediate step on the way to a fully multilateral mitigation strategy.
Consumption Corridors: Living a Good Life within Sustainable Limits (Routledge Focus on Environment and Sustainability)
by Doris Fuchs Marlyne Sahakian Tobias Gumbert Antonietta Di Giulio Michael Maniates Sylvia Lorek Antonia GrafConsumption Corridors: Living a Good Life within Sustainable Limits explores how to enhance peoples’ chances to live a good life in a world of ecological and social limits. Rejecting familiar recitations of problems of ecological decline and planetary boundaries, this compact book instead offers a spirited explication of what everyone desires: a good life. Fundamental concepts of the good life are explained and explored, as are forces that threaten the good life for all. The remedy, says the book’s seven international authors, lies with the concept of consumption corridors, enabled by mechanisms of citizen engagement and deliberative democracy. Across five concise chapters, readers are invited into conversation about how wellbeing can be enriched by social change that joins "needs satisfaction" with consumerist restraint, social justice, and environmental sustainability. In this endeavour, lower limits of consumption that ensure minimal needs satisfaction for all are important, and enjoy ample precedent. But upper limits to consumption, argue the authors, are equally essential, and attainable, especially in those domains where limits enhance rather than undermine essential freedoms. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars in the social sciences and humanities, and environmental and sustainability studies, as well as to community activists and the general public.
Contact and Symplectic Topology: Lectures From The Nantes Trimester 2011 And The Budapest Summer School 2012 (Bolyai Society Mathematical Studies #26)
by Frédéric Bourgeois Vincent Colin András StipsiczSymplectic and contact geometry naturally emerged from the mathematical description of classical physics. The discovery of new rigidity phenomena and properties satisfied by these geometric structures launched a new research field worldwide. The intense activity of many European research groups in this field is reflected by the ESF Research Networking Programme "Contact And Symplectic Topology" (CAST). The lectures of the Summer School in Nantes (June 2011) and of the CAST Summer School in Budapest (July 2012) provide a nice panorama of many aspects of the present status of contact and symplectic topology. The notes of the minicourses offer a gentle introduction to topics which have developed in an amazing speed in the recent past. These topics include 3-dimensional and higher dimensional contact topology, Fukaya categories, asymptotically holomorphic methods in contact topology, bordered Floer homology, embedded contact homology, and flexibility results for Stein manifolds.
Contaminant Geochemistry: Interactions and Transport in the Subsurface Environment
by Brian Berkowitz Bruno Yaron Ishai DrorIn this updated and expanded second edition, new literature has been added on contaminant fate in the soil-subsurface environment. In particular, more data on the behavior of inorganic contaminants and on engineered nanomaterials were included, the latter comprising a group of "emerging contaminants" that may reach the soil and subsurface zones. New chapters are devoted to a new perspective of contaminant geochemistry, namely irreversible changes in pristine land and subsurface systems following chemical contamination. Two chapters were added on this topic, focusing attention on the impact of chemical contaminants on the matrix and properties of both liquid and solid phases of soil and subsurface domains. Contaminant impacts on irreversible changes occurring in groundwater are discussed and their irreversible changes on the porous medium solid phase are surveyed. In contrast to the geological time scale controlling natural changes of porous media liquid and solid phases, the time scale associated with chemical pollutant induced changes is far shorter and extends over a "human lifetime scale".
Contaminant Hydrology: Cold Regions Modeling
by Ian MuehlenhausEnvironmental contamination in cold regions poses unique problems. It affects traditionally pristine areas and presents substantial operational difficulties. The extreme temperature range, soils and geology, the unique biological diversity, the freezing and thawing of pollutants, and the impact of human activities make environmental site assessment
Contaminants In The Subsurface: Source Zone Assessment And Remediation
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesAt hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.