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Contaminants In The Subsurface: Source Zone Assessment And Remediation
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesAt hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
Contaminated Urban Soils (Environmental Pollution #18)
by Helmut MeuserThis book gives a current overview of all facets of urban soils. Different urban land-use types in a number of examples worldwide are introduced. Many examples in different countries are provided in order to illustrate the situation in detail. The contaminant sources of urban soils (e.g., dust deposition, contamination along roadsides, contamination of floodplains, application of wastewater, anthropogenic deposits) are comprehensively presented. For practical application purposes a key with which to identify technogenic materials during field work is presented. Features like reductomorphic conditions in landfill soils, acidification of coal mining heaps and the impact of physical characteristics such as sealing are taken into consideration in the context of the contamination problem. The mobility of contaminants in the soils under consideration is introduced and discussed. The content of the book, however, is not limited to the description of contaminated urban soils. Different methods of assessment (classification, functional assessment, assessment focused on pathways with reference to standardized exposure scenarios) are introduced. Finally, quality standards for contaminated land in a number of countries are listed, compared and discussed. The book links up the contamination problem of urban soils with geographical aspects such as the historical development of city growth, the process of urbanization and the urban-to-rural gradients. Accordingly, the reader will be able to understand the specific problems of contaminated urban soils and will find sensible approaches to assessment.
The Contamination of the Earth: A History of Pollutions in the Industrial Age (History for a Sustainable Future)
by Francois Jarrige Thomas Le RouxThe trajectories of pollution in global capitalism, from the toxic waste of early tanneries to the poisonous effects of pesticides in the twentieth century.Through the centuries, the march of economic progress has been accompanied by the spread of industrial pollution. As our capacities for production and our aptitude for consumption have increased, so have their byproducts—chemical contamination from fertilizers and pesticides, diesel emissions, oil spills, a vast “plastic continent” found floating in the ocean. The Contamination of the Earth offers a social and political history of industrial pollution, mapping its trajectories over three centuries, from the toxic wastes of early tanneries to the fossil fuel energy regime of the twentieth century.The authors describe how, from 1750 onward, in contrast to the early modern period, polluted water and air came to be seen as inevitable side effects of industrialization, which was universally regarded as beneficial. By the nineteenth century, pollutants became constituent elements of modernity. The authors trace the evolution of these various pollutions, and describe the ways in which they were simultaneously denounced and permitted. The twentieth century saw new and massive scales of pollution: chemicals that resisted biodegradation, including napalm and other defoliants used as weapons of war; the ascendancy of oil; and a lifestyle defined by consumption. In the 1970s, pollution became a political issue, but efforts—local, national, and global—to regulate it often fell short. Viewing the history of pollution though a political lens, the authors also offer lessons for the future of the industrial world.
Contemplative Practices and Anti-Oppressive Pedagogies for Higher Education: Bridging the Disciplines
by Greta Gaard Bengü Ergüner-TekinalpThis volume explores mindfulness and other contemplative approaches as strategic tools for cultivating anti-oppressive pedagogies in higher education. Research confirms that simply providing students with evidence and narratives of economic, social, and environmental injustices proves insufficient in developing awareness and eliciting responses of empathy, solidarity, and a desire to act for change. From the environmental humanities to the environmental sciences, legal studies, psychology, and counseling, educators from a range of geographical and disciplinary standpoints describe their research-based mindfulness pedagogies. Chapters explore how to interrupt and interrogate oppression through contemplative teaching tools, assignments, and strategies that create greater awareness and facilitate deeper engagement with learning contents, contexts, and communities. Providing a framework that facilitates awareness of the links between historic and current oppression, self-identity, and trauma, and creating a transformative learning experience through mindfulness, this book is a must-read for faculty and educators interested in intersections of mindfulness, contemplative pedagogies, and anti-oppression.
Contemporary Bamboo Architecture in China
by K. W. Liu Q. F. Xu G. Wang F. M. Chen Y. B. Leng J. Yang K. A. HarriesThis book describes the distribution of bamboo forest and bamboo species for construction, the types and characteristics of both engineered and natural full-culm bamboo materials for construction, the development history and research status of different forms of bamboo architecture. We go on to describe standards, relevant international organizations, research institutions and production and processing enterprises and typical cases. Starting from six aspects, this book systematically describes modern bamboo building development, analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced by the bamboo construction industry and provides guidance for the development of the bamboo construction industry in China. Particularly in Chapter 6, more than 70 examples constructed mostly since 2014 are selected to provide a detailed overview of the use of bamboo as decorative and structural materials. In order to fully explore the potential of bamboo in engineering applications, the authors introduce the use of bamboo construction for transportation facilities (bridges, highway landscape fences and bus stations), landscape, water pipelines and urban municipal tunnels. The authors hope readers are inspired by these most vivid cases and experience the charm of modern Chinese bamboo architecture.
The Contemporary Caribbean
by Robert B. Potter David Barker Thomas Klak Denis ConwayThis text focuses on the contemporary economic, social, geographical, environmental and political realities of the Caribbean region. Historical aspects of the Caribbean, such as slavery, the plantation system and plantocracy are explored in order to explain the contemporary nature of, and challenges faced by, the Caribbean. The book is divided into three parts, dealing respectively with: the foundations of the Caribbean, rural and urban bases of the contemporary Caribbean, and global restructuring and the Caribbean: industry, tourism and politics.
Contemporary China’s Land Use Policy: The Link Policy
by Long ChengThis book discusses contemporary China’s land use policy – the Link Policy – which calls for land consolidation and rural resettlement to achieve the goal of preserving farmland while also providing more space for urban development. Given the limited analyses and commentaries on the Link Policy in the literature, particularly in English-language articles, the book systematically presents and analyzes China’s land use policy by assessing the impacts of the Link Policy on rural life and how effective the Link Policy is in achieving its objectives. It also examines how satisfied farmers are with the policy and what the contributing factors are.Drawing on a critical review of the literature, field observations and interviews with resettled farmers, the book offers insights into China’s land use policy, and compares it with similar policy instruments in other countries. Presenting research findings that help readers gain a holistic understanding of the Link Policy in China and its implications, the book is a valuable resource for professionals in other developing countries that are facing similar challenges in terms of balancing urban development and farmland conservation.
Contemporary Climate Change Debates: A Student Primer
by Mike HulmeContemporary Climate Change Debates is an innovative new textbook which tackles some of the difficult questions raised by climate change. For the complex policy challenges surrounding climate migration, adaptation and resilience, structured debates become effective learning devices for students. This book is organised around 15 important questions, and is split into four parts: What do we need to know? What should we do? On what grounds should we base our actions? Who should be the agents of change? Each debate is addressed by pairs of one or two leading or emerging academics who present opposing viewpoints. Through this format the book is designed to introduce students of climate change to different arguments prompted by these questions, and also provides a unique opportunity for them to engage in critical thinking and debate amongst themselves. Each chapter concludes with suggestions for further reading and with discussion questions for use in student classes. Drawing upon the sciences, social sciences and humanities to debate these ethical, cultural, legal, social, economic, technological and political roadblocks, Contemporary Debates on Climate Change is essential reading for all students of climate change, as well as those studying environmental policy and politics and sustainable development more broadly.
Contemporary Climatology
by P.J. Robinson Ann Henderson-SellersNow in its second edition,Climatology continues to provide an up-to-date stimulating and comprehensive guide to the nature of the earth's climate. It presents a synthesis of contemporary scientific ideas about atmospheric circulation. Topics covered include:-Energy systems-The hydrological cycle-General circulation, local and regional climate-Application of climate information-Use of satellite observations
Contemporary Co-housing in Europe (Open Access): Towards Sustainable Cities?
by Hakan Thorn Henrik Gutzon Larsen Cathrin Wasshede Pernilla HagbertThis book investigates co-housing as an alternative housing form in relation to sustainable urban development. Co-housing is often lauded as a more sustainable way of living. The primary aim of this book is to critically explore co-housing in the context of wider social, economic, political and environmental developments. This volume fills a gap in the literature by contextualising co-housing and related housing forms. With focus on Denmark, Sweden, Hamburg and Barcelona, the book presents general analyses of co-housing in these contexts and provides specific discussions of co-housing in relation to local government, urban activism, family life, spatial logics and socio-ecology. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in a broad range of social-scientific fields concerned with housing, urban development and sustainability, as well as to planners, decision-makers and activists.
Contemporary Developments in Green Human Resource Management Research: Towards Sustainability in Action? (Routledge Research in Sustainability and Business)
by Douglas W.S. RenwickThis book examines a new topic in Human Resource Management (HRM), green – or environmental – HRM, analysing the role humans play in environmental management at work and environmental behaviours at workplaces around the world. The book begins with a focus on negative workplace green behaviours (e.g. toxic chemical leaks, air pollution, contaminated waste etc.), and what such environmental problems mean for workers, managers and society as a whole. This book outlines relevant, underpinning academic theory and research literature on how HRM is ‘going green’, and details real-life organisational examples derived from original and secondary empirical research to illuminate the implications of adopting Green HRM practices for relevant stakeholders. In doing so, the book offers a new, academic contribution to both the HRM and environmental management literatures.
Contemporary Ecology Research in China
by Wenhua LiThe Chinese government is increasingly focusing on ecological construction and has subscribed to a national "Ecological Civilization Construction". Ecological research and protection practice develop so fast and achieve a lot at the national agenda. This book is a synthesis of five most exciting and dominant themes in contemporary ecological research in China: biodiversity, ecosystem management, degraded ecosystem restoration, global change and sustainable development. This book spans all the Earth's major ecosystems, such as forests, oceans, grasslands, wetlands, lakes, rivers, farmland and cities. This book provides a platform for scientific research across a variety of disciplines. It will be invaluable to experts, policymakers and local officers and will also be a highly useful resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students. This book will allow researchers, students and policymakers outside China to learn abou t the significant achievements and applications of ecological research within China.
Contemporary Environmental Issues and Challenges in Era of Climate Change
by Pooja Singh Rajeev Pratap Singh Vaibhav SrivastavaOver the last few decades, unprecedented global population growth has led to increased demand for food and shelter. At the same time, extraction of natural resources beyond the Earth’s resilience capacity has had a devastating effect on ecosystems and environmental health. Furthermore, climate change is having a significant impact in a number of areas, including the global hydrological cycle, ecosystem functioning, coastal vulnerability, forest ecology, food security, and agricultural sustainability. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), only immediate and sustained action will prevent climate change causing irreversible and potentially catastrophic damage to our environment. This book presents various scientific views and concepts, research, reviews, and case studies on contemporary environmental issues in changing climate scenarios and highlights different adaptation measures. Increasing awareness of modern-day patterns of climate change, it addresses questions often raised by environmental scientists, researchers, policymakers and general readers.
Contemporary Environmental Problems in Nepal: Geographic Perspectives (Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research)
by Keshav Bhattarai Dennis ConwayThis monograph examines contemporary environmental challenges facing Nepal, this landlocked country’s representativeness in the wider South Asian context is both distinct and generalizable. In large part, this is because of its extremes of physiographical structure- plains, hill ranges, mountainous massifs - and wide range of altitudinal terrains, which represent and replicate South Asian and East Asian continental conditions differing as markedly as humid tropical lowlands, sub-tropical hill ranges and temperate to sub-arctic mountainous environments. Associated forest regimes, in which deforestation and reforestation patterns have evolved in recent times, and differing densities of settlement and cleared agricultural landscapes in each of these altitudinal zones, add to the environmental diversity of Nepal. Associated fauna and exotic species are in various states of endangerment especially Bengal tigers, one horned rhinos, wild elephants, crocodile, musk deer, and peasants, to name a few- so that their forested and mountainous habitats as ‘Wild Life Reserves’ also deserve our attention, and are featured in this monograph’s remit.
Contemporary Environmentalists
by Kevin GrahamHere are ten men and women whose contributions to the environmental movement have significantly changed how we see and think about the world. Profiles: Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Anita Roddick, Vo Quy, Neca Marcovaldi, David Brower, Thomas Odhiambo, Gro Harlem Brundtland, Randy Hayes, Joseph Krecek, and Michael Bloomfield.
Contemporary Heritage Lexicon: Volume 2 (Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering)
by Cristiana Bartolomei Alfonso Ippolito Simone Helena Tanoue VizioliThe book presents themes related to contemporary architecture as the results of diverse cultural influences and architectural legacies, manifested in a rich variety of styles, materials, and spatial perceptions. It consists of 24 chapters written by authors from various continents and contains the result of research highlighting contemporary architecture in relation to multiple aspects that are distinguished by their eclectic nature, characterized by the integration of diverse cultural and architectural influences. The book examines aspects involving material aspects, technologies, design, history, salvage, technologies, and digitization. The aspects covered are always filtered through research, which objectively integrates traditional and innovative approaches. Thus, the focus is to explore the contemporary lexicon not only in the field of architecture and engineering but in all those areas where this theme can be read with a meaningful vision. Contemporary architecture is constantly evolving, reflecting the changing needs of society and anticipating the challenges of the future.
Contemporary Heritage Lexicon: Volume 1 (Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering)
by Cristiana Bartolomei Alfonso Ippolito Simone Helena Tanoue VizioliThis book presents themes related to contemporary architecture as the results of diverse cultural influences and architectural legacies, manifested in a rich variety of styles, materials, and spatial perceptions. It consists of 24 chapters written by authors from various continents and contains the result of research highlighting contemporary architecture in relation to multiple aspects that are distinguished by their eclectic nature, characterized by the integration of diverse cultural and architectural influences. The book examines aspects involving material aspects, technologies, design, history, salvage, technologies, and digitization. The aspects covered are always filtered through research, which objectively integrates traditional and innovative approaches. Thus, the focus is to explore the contemporary lexicon not only in the field of architecture and engineering, but in all those areas where this theme can be read with a meaningful vision. Contemporary architecture is constantly evolving, reflecting the changing needs of society and anticipating the challenges of the future.
Contemporary Human Behavior Theory: A Critical Perspective for Social Work
by Susan P. Robbins Pranab Chatterjee Edward R. CandaContemporary Human Behavior Theory: A Critical Perspective for Social Work, 3e approaches HBSE from a comparative theory perspective, providing coverage of the most current and contemporary theories as well as traditional theories. It includes contemporary developments in traditional lifespan theory, theories of political economy, and a separate chapter on transpersonal theory. Each chapter includes coverage of the research that supports a particular theory, an analysis of the validity of that research, and a discussion of updated "Contemporary Issues. " The text encourages students to develop critical thinking skills in analyzing and comparing theories.
Contemporary Human Geography
by James M. RubensteinContemporary Human Geography incorporates a bold, highly visual approach to guide you in exploring physical and cultural landscapes across the globe. The modular organization and vibrant presentations work together to focus and engage you. Rubenstein describes past and current events and issues to show how their influence on diversity and globalization phenomena are at the core of contemporary human geography. The 5th Edition presents the latest geographical science and statistics, including current data on recent events. This edition incorporates applied examples of human geography, guiding you to understand the world on local, regional and global scales.
Contemporary Issues in Estuarine Physics
by A. Valle-LevinsonEstuaries are of high socioeconomic importance with 22 of the 32 largest cities in the world located on river estuaries. Estuaries bring together fluxes of fresh and saline water, as well as fluvial and marine sediments, and contain high biological diversity. Increasingly sophisticated field observation technology and numerical modeling have produced significant advances in our understanding of the physical properties of estuaries over the last decade. This book introduces a classification for estuaries before presenting the basic physics and hydrodynamics of estuarine circulation and the various factors that modify it in time and space. It then covers special topics at the forefront of research such as turbulence, fronts in estuaries and continental shelves, low inflow estuaries, and implications of estuarine transport for water quality. Written by leading authorities on estuarine and lagoon hydrodynamics, this volume provides a concise foundation for academic researchers, advanced students and coastal resource managers.
Contemporary Issues in Geoenvironmental Engineering: Proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition, Egypt 2017 on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures (Sustainable Civil Infrastructures)
by D N Singh Abdullah GalaaWith high urbanization rates, advancement in technologies, and changes in consumption behavior of people, wastes generated through the daily activities of individuals and organizations pose many challenges in their management. The articles presented in this edited volume deal with the attempts made by the scientists and practitioners to address contemporary issues in geoenvironmental engineering such as characterization of dredged sediments, geomaterials & waste, valorization of waste, sustainability in waste management and some other geoenvironmental issues that are becoming quite relevant in today's world. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.
Contemporary Issues in Marketing and Consumer Behaviour
by Elizabeth Parsons Pauline Maclaran Andreas Chatzidakis Rachel AshmanThis third edition of Contemporary Issues in Marketing and Consumer Behaviour has been revised and updated to reflect the fast-changing world we live in. The new state of the art chapter on digital marketing digs deeply into two new frontiers of marketing which have significant impact on contemporary social life: influencer marketing, and online gaming. Other new topics help us to understand how marketing can perpetuate local and global inequality through creating and sustaining hierarchies of knowledge and influencing norms of race, disability, gender and sexual orientation. Topics new to this edition include: Digital Markets and Marketing Hierarchies of Knowledge in Marketing Marketing Inequalities: Feminisms and intersectionalities The Ethics and Politics of Consumption New case studies include: Emerging Economy Brands The Fairtrade Brand Disappearing Influencers Decolonising the Media Written by four experts in the field, this popular text successfully links marketing theory with practice, locating marketing ideas and applications within wider global, social and economic contexts. It provides a complete and thought-provoking overview for postgraduate, MBA and advanced undergraduate modules in marketing and consumer behaviour and a useful resource for dissertation study at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Online resources include chapter-by-chapter PowerPoint slides.
Contemporary Issues in Mining: Leading Practice in Australia
by Nigel FinchContemporary Issues in Mining: Leading Practice in Australia by Nigel Finch
Contemporary Issues in Regional Planning (Routledge Revivals)
by John GlassonThis title was first published in 2002: Regional planning and government in the UK is undergoing a period of tremendous activity, with a wide range of new policies, innovative techniques and experiments being tested. This volume provides an overview of developments, describing and analyzing the legislative, political and economic contexts within which changes are occurring, and assessing the continuing difficulties that face planners and others operating in the new arrangements for regional planning
Contemporary Issues in Soil Mechanics: Proceedings of the 2nd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2018 – The Official International Congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE) (Sustainable Civil Infrastructures)
by Sayed Hemeda Mounir BouassidaThis volume is of interest to practical engineers. It discusses some contemporary issues related to soil mechanics in earthwork projects which are critical components in civil construction and often require detailed management techniques and unique solution methods to address failures. Being earth bound, earthwork is influenced by geomaterial properties at the onset of a project. Hence, an understanding of the in-situ soil properties is essential. Slope stability is a common problem facing earthwork construction, such as excavations and shored structures. Analytical methods for slope stability remain critical for researchers due to the mechanical complexity of the system. Striving for better earthwork project managements, the geotechnical engineering community continues to find improved testing techniques for determining sensitive properties of soil and rock, including stress-wave based, non-destructive testing methods. To minimize failure during earthwork construction, past case studies and data may reveal useful lessons and information to improve project management and minimize economic losses. This volume discusses these aspects using appropriate methods in a simple way. The volume is based on the best contributions to the 2nd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2018 – The official international congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE).