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The Dark Past of the Polar Bear
by Rebecca E. HirschPolar bears rule the frozen sea, but their ancestors weren't always built for ice and snow.
Dark Scenes from Damaged Earth: The Gothic Anthropocene
by Justin D. Edwards Rune Graulund Johan HöglundAn urgent volume of essays engages the Gothic to advance important perspectives on our geological era What can the Gothic teach us about our current geological era? More than just spooky, moonlit castles and morbid graveyards, the Gothic represents a vibrant, emergent perspective on the Anthropocene. In this volume, more than a dozen scholars move beyond longstanding perspectives on the Anthropocene—such as science fiction and apocalyptic narratives—to show that the Gothic offers a unique (and dark) interpretation of events like climate change, diminished ecosystems, and mass extinction.Embracing pop cultural phenomena like True Detective, Jaws, and Twin Peaks, as well as topics from the New Weird and prehistoric shark fiction to ruin porn and the &“monstroscene,&” Dark Scenes from Damaged Earth demonstrates the continuing vitality of the Gothic while opening important new paths of inquiry. These essays map a genealogy of the Gothic while providing fresh perspectives on the ongoing climate chaos, the North/South divide, issues of racialization, dark ecology, questions surrounding environmental justice, and much more.Contributors: Fred Botting, Kingston U; Timothy Clark, U of Durham; Rebecca Duncan, Linnaeus U; Michael Fuchs, U of Oldenburg, Germany; Esthie Hugo, U of Warwick; Dawn Keetley, Lehigh U; Laura R. Kremmel, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Timothy Morton, Rice U; Barry Murnane, U of Oxford; Jennifer Schell, U of Alaska Fairbanks; Lisa M. Vetere, Monmouth U; Sara Wasson, Lancaster U; Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock, Central Michigan U.
Dark Skies: Places, Practices, Communities
by Nick Dunn Tim EdensorDark Skies addresses a significant gap in knowledge in relation to perspectives from the arts, humanities, and social sciences. In providing a new multi- and interdisciplinary field of inquiry, this book brings together engagements with dark skies from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds, empirical studies, and theoretical orientations. Throughout history, the relationship with dark skies has generated a sense of wonder and awe, as well as providing the basis for important cultural meanings and spiritual beliefs. However, the connection to darks skies is now under threat due to the widespread growth of light pollution and the harmful impacts that this has upon humans, non-humans, and the planet we share. This book, therefore, examines the rich potential of dark skies and their relationships with place, communities, and practices to provide new insights and understandings on their importance for our world in an era of climate emergency and environmental degradation. This book is intended for a wide audience. It will be of interest to scholars, students, and professionals in geography, design, astronomy, anthropology, ecology, history, and public policy, as well as anyone who has an interest in how we can protect the night sky for the benefit of us all and the future generations to follow.
Dark Tourism: Practice and interpretation (New Directions in Tourism Analysis)
by Glenn Hooper John J. LennonDark Tourism, as well as other terms such as Thanatourism and Grief Tourism, has been much discussed in the past two decades. This volume provides a comprehensive exploration of the subject from the point of view of both practice - how Dark Tourism is performed, what practical and physical considerations exist on site - and interpretation - how Dark Tourism is understood, including issues pertaining to ethics, community involvement and motivation. It showcases a wide range of examples, drawing on the expertise of academics with management and consultancy experience, as well as those from within the social sciences and humanities. Contributors discuss the historical development of Dark Tourism, including its earlier incarnations across Europe, but they also consider its future as a strand within academic discourse, as well as its role within tourism development. Case studies include holocaust sites in Germany, as well as analysis of the legacy of war in places such as the Channel Islands and Malta. Ethical and myriad marketing considerations are also discussed in relation to Ireland, Brazil, Rwanda, Romania, U.K., Nepal and Bosnia-Herzegovina. This book covers issues that are of interest to students and staff across a spectrum of disciplines, from management to the arts and humanities, including conservation and heritage, site management, marketing and community participation.
Dark Wind: A Survivor's Tale of Love and Loss
by Gordon Chaplin"Dark Wind is the true story of a whirlwind, midlife romance and two lovers' pursuit of a life of adventure on the high seas. Gordon Chaplin tells the tale of a catastrophic sailing journey he and his partner, Susan Atkinson, undertook across the Pacific Ocean. Having separately navigated broken first marriages and two decades of child-rearing, they had rediscovered passion and a thrilling new life together. But an idyllic sailing escapade through the Marshall Islands ends in tragedy when they decide to ride out a typhoon on their sailboat, Lord Jim, rather than abandon ship for the safety of the shore. By the time it is clear that the storm has altered its course toward them, it is too late to act, and they are trapped in the path of a furious tropical storm." "Did the pattern of the lovers' lives lead inexorably to disaster? And when faced with that disaster, did Chaplin acquit himself? Chaplin's brutally honest accounting of his actions and his poignant reflections on his love affair are powerful and moving."--BOOK JACKET. Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
The Darkness Manifesto: On Light Pollution, Night Ecology, and the Ancient Rhythms that Sustain Life
by Johan EklöfIn the bestselling tradition of Why We Sleep and The Sixth Extinction, an urgent and insightful look at the hidden impact of light pollution, and a passionate appeal to cherish natural darkness for the sake of the environment, our own well-being, and all life on earth.How much light is too much light? Satellite pictures show our planet as a brightly glowing orb, and in our era of constant illumination, light pollution has become a major issue. The world&’s flora and fauna have evolved to operate in the natural cycle of day and night. But in the last 150 years, we have extended our day—and in doing so have forced out the inhabitants of the night and disrupted the circadian rhythms necessary to sustain all living things, including ourselves. In this persuasive, well-researched book, Swedish conservationist Johan Eklöf urges us to appreciate natural darkness, its creatures, and its unique benefits. Eklöf ponders the beauties of the night sky, traces the errant paths of light-drunk moths and the swift dives of keen-eyed owls, and shows us the bioluminescent creatures of the deepest oceans. As a devoted friend of the night, he writes passionately about the startling damage we inflict on ourselves and our fellow creatures simply by keeping the lights on. The Darkness Manifesto depicts the domino effect of diminishing darkness: insects, dumbfounded by streetlamps, failing to reproduce; birds blinded and bewildered by artificial lights; and bats starving as they wait in vain for food insects that only come out in the dark of night. For humans, light-induced sleep disturbances impact our hormones and weight, and can contribute to mental health problems like chronic stress and depression. The streetlamps, floodlights, and neon signs of cities are altering entire ecosystems, and scientists are only just beginning to understand the long-term effects. The light bulb—long the symbol of progress and development—needs to be turned off. Educational, eye-opening, and ultimately encouraging, The Darkness Manifesto outlines simple steps that we can take to benefit ourselves and the planet. In order to ensure a bright future, we must embrace the darkness.
Darwin, Geodynamics and Extreme Waves
by Sh. U. GalievThis book examines the reasons behind the resonant amplification of seismic and ocean waves that have the capacity to destroy cities and ocean-going vessels. Using Charles Darwin's important geophysical research as a starting point, it provides insights into the interaction between earthquakes with volcanoes, seaquake, and tsunami formation. In particular, the author details the observations that Darwin made on a powerful earthquake that occurred in Chile in 1835, noting how the famous naturalist and geologist used the concept of earthquake-induced vertical shock to explain the event's devastating impact. The book then goes on to show how Darwin's concept relates to the catastrophic results of the shallow quakes that recently destroyed Port-au-Prince (Haiti, 2010) and severely damaged Christchurch (New Zealand, 2011). In addition, the author asks whether Darwin's ideas are endorsed by the discoveries of modern science and whether the results of destructive earthquakes can be modeled using strongly nonlinear wave equations. Coverage also proposes that similar equations can be used to simulate the dynamics of many objects on the surface of the Earth, and to model the origin of the Universe, dark matter, and dark energy as strongly nonlinear wave phenomena. The book will appeal to students as well as researchers and engineers in geophysics, seismology, nonlinear wave studies, cosmology, physical oceanography, and ocean and coastal engineering. It will also be of use to those who are interested in the phenomena of natural catastrophes as well as those who want to learn more about the life and work of Charles Darwin.
Darwinian Evolution of Molecules: Physical and Earth-Historical Perspective of the Origin of Life (Advances in Geological Science)
by Hiromoto NakazawaOn the basis of thermodynamic considerations and the Earth’s historical processes, this book argues the physical inevitability of life’s generation and evolution, i.e., Why did life generate? Why does life evolve? Following an introduction to the problem, the hypothesis “Darwinian Evolution of Molecules” is proposed, which explains how, when, and where life was instigated through successive chemical reactions and the survival of selected molecules. The individual processes described are all scientifically reasonable, being verifiable by experiment. The hypothesis is supported by extensive reference to the scientific literature published in academic journals, including some experimental reports from the author’s own research group. The readers of this book will learn that the decreasing temperature of the early Earth led to a reduction in its entropy, inducing the Earth’s materials to order, which entailed ordering of the light elements as organic molecules with subsequent further ordering (i.e., evolution) to systems that can be considered alive (i.e., life). Researchers and students, as well as the non-academic audience, interested in the interdisciplinary problem of the origin of life will find suggestions and possible approaches to the scientific and conceptual problems they may be facing.
A Darwinian Survival Guide: Hope for the Twenty-First Century
by Daniel R. Brooks Salvatore J. AgostaHow humanity brought about the climate crisis by departing from its evolutionary trajectory 15,000 years ago—and how we can use evolutionary principles to save ourselves from the worst outcomes.Despite efforts to sustain civilization, humanity faces existential threats from overpopulation, globalized trade and travel, urbanization, and global climate change. In A Darwinian Survival Guide, Daniel Brooks and Salvatore Agosta offer a novel—and hopeful—perspective on how to meet these tremendous challenges by changing the discourse from sustainability to survival. Darwinian evolution, the world&’s only theory of survival, is the means by which the biosphere has persisted and renewed itself following past environmental perturbations, and it has never failed, they explain. Even in the aftermath of mass extinctions, enough survivors remain with the potential to produce a new diversified biosphere.Drawing on their expertise as field biologists, Brooks and Agosta trace the evolutionary path from the early days of humans through the Late Pleistocene and the beginning of the Anthropocene all the way to the Great Acceleration of technological humanity around 1950, demonstrating how our creative capacities have allowed humanity to survive. However, constant conflict without resolution has made the Anthropocene not only unsustainable, but unsurvivable. Guided by the four laws of biotics, the authors explain how humanity should interact with the rest of the biosphere and with each other in accordance with Darwinian principles. They reveal a middle ground between apocalypse and utopia, with two options: alter our behavior now at great expense and extend civilization or fail to act and rebuild in accordance with those same principles. If we take the latter, then our immediate goal ought to focus on preserving as many of humanity&’s positive achievements—from high technology to high art—as possible to shorten the time needed to rebuild.
Darwin's Evolving Identity: Adventure, Ambition, and the Sin of Speculation
by Alistair SponselWhy—against his mentor’s exhortations to publish—did Charles Darwin take twenty years to reveal his theory of evolution by natural selection? In Darwin’s Evolving Identity, Alistair Sponsel argues that Darwin adopted this cautious approach to atone for his provocative theorizing as a young author spurred by that mentor, the geologist Charles Lyell. While we might expect him to have been tormented by guilt about his private study of evolution, Darwin was most distressed by harsh reactions to his published work on coral reefs, volcanoes, and earthquakes, judging himself guilty of an authorial “sin of speculation.” It was the battle to defend himself against charges of overzealous theorizing as a geologist, rather than the prospect of broader public outcry over evolution, which made Darwin such a cautious author of Origin of Species. Drawing on his own ambitious research in Darwin’s manuscripts and at the Beagle’s remotest ports of call, Sponsel takes us from the ocean to the Origin and beyond. He provides a vivid new picture of Darwin’s career as a voyaging naturalist and metropolitan author, and in doing so makes a bold argument about how we should understand the history of scientific theories.
Darwin's First Theory: Exploring Darwin's Quest For A Theory Of Earth
by Rob WessonAn acclaimed geologist leads the reader on an adventure through the landscape that absorbed and inspired Charles Darwin. Everybody knows—or thinks they know—Charles Darwin, the father of evolution and the man who altered the way we view our place in the world. But what most people do not know is that Darwin was on board the HMS Beagle as a geologist—on a mission to examine the land, not flora and fauna. Retracing Darwin’s footsteps in South America and beyond, geologist Rob Wesson treks across the Andes, cruises waters charted by the Beagle, hunts for fossils in Uruguay and Argentina, and explores sites of long vanished glaciers in Scotland and Wales. As he follows Darwin’s path—literally and intellectually—Wesson experiences the land as Darwin did, engages with his observations, and tackles the same questions Darwin had about our ever-changing Earth. Upon his return from his five-year journey aboard the Beagle, after examining the effects of earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and more, Darwin conceived his theory of subsidence and uplift‚—his first theory. These concepts and attitudes—the vastness of time; the enormous cumulative impact of almost imperceptibly slow change; change as a constant feature of the environment—underlie Darwin’s subsequent discoveries in evolution. And this peculiar way of thinking remains vitally important today as we enter the human-dominated Anthropocene age. Expertly interweaving science and adventure, Darwin’s First Theory is a riveting and revelatory journey around the world with one of the greatest scientific minds in history.
Das Eiszeitalter
by Juergen EhlersDas Eiszeitalter ist eine Zeit extremer Klimaschwankungen, die bis heute nicht beendet sind. Zeitweilig bedeckten gewaltige Inlandeismassen große Teile der Nordkontinente. Zu anderen Zeiten war die Sahara grün und von Menschen besiedelt, und der Tschadsee war so groß wie die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Was sich im Eiszeitalter abgespielt hat, kann nur aus Spuren rekonstruiert werden, die im Boden zurückgeblieben sind. Die Eiszeit hat andere Schichten hinterlassen als andere Erdzeitalter. Dieses Buch beschreibt die Prozesse, unter denen sie gebildet worden sind und die Methoden, mit denen man sie untersuchen kann. Die Arbeit des Geowissenschaftlers gleicht der eines Detektivs, der aus Indizien den Ablauf des Geschehens rekonstruieren muss. Und diese Tätigkeit ist genauso spanned wie die eines Detektivs. Von den in diesem Buch vorgestellten Untersuchungsergebnissen werden einige hier zum ersten Mal veröffentlicht. Das Eiszeitalter ist auch der Zeitabschnitt, in dem der Mensch in die Gestaltung der Erde eingreift. Welche Veränderungen das mit sich bringt, kann jeder selbst verfolgen. Alle relevanten Daten sind frei verfügbar; dieses Buch beschreibt, wie man sie erhält. Dr. Jürgen Ehlers arbeitet seit 1978 als Quartärgeologe für das Geologische Landesamt Hamburg, wo er für die Geologische Landesaufnahme zuständig ist. Er hat darüber hinaus Forschungsprojekte im In- und Ausland durchgeführt. Zusammen mit Prof. Philip L. Gibbard, Cambridge, hat er für die International Union for Quaternary Research das Projekt ‚Extent and Chronology of Quaternary Glaciations‘ durchgeführt. Er gilt als einer der hervorragendsten deutschen Kenner der Eiszeitgeologie. Er ist Autor mehrerer Bücher über das Quartär (Enke und Wiley) und die Nordsee (WBG) und auch als Autor von Kriminalgeschichten bekannt geworden.
Das Geheimnis um die erste Zelle: Dem Ursprung des Lebens auf der Spur
by Ulrich C. SchreiberEine der größten Fragen der Wissenschaft steht vielleicht in naher Zukunft vor der Aufklärung. Wie ist das Leben auf der Erde entstanden? Wo genau liegt der Ursprung? Welche Schritte waren von Nöten? Und wie hängen die komplexen Vorgänge zusammen?Zahlreiche Modelle wurden bereits beschrieben, die die grundlegenden Schritte für die Bildung organischer Moleküle auf der Erde oder im Weltall erklären. Doch scheiterten diese bisher daran tatsächlich plausible Szenarien für die entscheidenden Stufen der Lebensentwicklung daraus abzuleiten. Bei allen intensiven Überlegungen wurde ein Raum, ein Ort auf der Erde, übersehen, der eine Vielzahl an Möglichkeiten für die Entstehung der ersten Zelle bereithält. Mit einem Schlag scheint dieser Raum viele Probleme auf der Suche nach dem Ursprung des Lebens zu lösen. Es sind wassergefüllte Spalten, sogenannte Bruchzonen, in der kontinentalen Erdkruste, die alle Voraussetzungen für eine komplexe organische Chemie bieten. Der Autor nimmt seine Leser mit auf seine ganz persönliche Reise hin zur Antwort auf die vielleicht größte Frage der Biologie. So erklärt er nicht nur, wie die einzelnen Puzzleteile der Entwicklung des Lebens zusammen passen, sondern berichtet über seine persönlichen Erfahrungen in diesem schwierigen Forschungsfeld. Dabei zeigt er, dass erste Laborversuche unter realistischen Bedingungen eindrucksvoll eine chemische Evolution bestimmter organischer Moleküle bestätigen. Die Versuche sind an Prozesse angelehnt, wie sie von Beginn an in der tieferen Erdkruste stattgefunden haben. Zum ersten Mal legt der Autor seine Hypothese zur Speicherung genetischer Informationen in Form der RNA der breiten Öffentlichkeit vor. Finden Sie heraus, wie alles begann.
Das novellierte Gebäudeenergiegesetz: Grundlagen. Anwendung in der Praxis, Beispiele (Detailwissen Bauphysik)
by Peter SchmidtDieses Lehrbuch gibt sowohl Studierenden als auch Praktikern eine grundlegende Einführung in das novellierte Gebäudeenergiegesetz (GEG), umgangssprachlich auch Heizungsgesetz genannt, in der Fassung 2024. Nach einem allgemeinen Teil mit Anwendungsbereich und wichtigen Begriffsdefinitionen werden die Anforderungen an Neubauten und bestehende Gebäude, an Anlagen der Heizungs-, Kühl- und Raumlufttechnik sowie der Warmwasserversorgung behandelt. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die verschiedenen Nachweise (z. B. Referenzgebäudeverfahren, Bauteilverfahren) beschrieben und an Beispielen erläutert. Sofern erforderlich, wird hierbei auch auf die benötigten Regelwerke (z. B. Normen zum Wärmeschutz und zur energetischen Bewertung von Gebäuden) eingegangen. Außerdem werden die verschiedenen Anlagenkomponenten und ihre Funktionsweise erläutert. Den Abschluss bilden Beiträge zum Energieausweis sowie zu sonstigen Vorschriften (Vollzug desGesetzes, Übergangsvorschriften usw.). Neben vielen Beispielen mit Lösungsweg unterstützen zahlreiche Aufgaben und Fragen mit Lösungen beim Selbststudium und der Prüfungsvorbereitung.
Das Quartär in den Tropen: Eine Rekonstruktion des Paläoklimas
by Klaus HeineDas Eiszeitalter (Quartär) ist eine Zeit extremer Klimaschwankungen, die zum Anwachsen und Abschmelzen gewaltiger Eisschilde in den hohen Breiten führten. Die tropischen Wüsten, Savannen, Regenwälder und Gebirgsregionen erlebten gleichermaßen dramatische Klimaänderungen, deren Spuren in sedimentären Ablagerungen erhalten geblieben sind. Die Kenntnis der tropischen Klimageschichte ist von größter Bedeutung, da in den Tropen und Randtropen natürliche und – neuerdings – vom Menschen ausgelöste Prozesse das weltweite Klima maßgeblich steuern. Dennoch sind aus diesen Regionen nur relativ wenige Paläoklimadaten bekannt. Dieses Buch stellt die Klimaarchive der Tropen vor und diskutiert kritisch deren paläoklimatischen Aussagewert. Mit seiner holistischen Sicht auf der Basis von jahrzehntelangen eigenen Forschungen zeigt der Autor auf, dass mangelnde geoökologische Kenntnisse der Tropenwelt zu Fehldeutungen in den Modellierungen der Klimazukunft führen können. Die hier präsentierten Ergebnisse fordern eine Korrektur vieler weit verbreiteter Ansichten über die Bedeutung der atmosphärischen Treibhausgase für die globale Erwärmung der letzten 150 Jahre.
Das System Bioökonomie
by Daniela Thrän Urs MoesenfechtelDieses Buch ist eine prägnante Gesamtschau auf den Status Quo der Bioökonomie und ihre zukünftigen Entwicklungen – in Deutschland und darüber hinaus. Zahlreiche Praktikerinnen und Praktiker aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft, Zivilgesellschaft und Politik zeigen, wie die Bioökonomie den globalen Problemen der Zukunft begegnet. Auf der Basis nachwachsender Rohstoffe und Energien entwickelt die Bioökonomie neue Produkte und Verfahrensweisen und möchte so eine ökologisch und ökonomisch nachhaltigere Zukunft gestalten. Doch kann ihr das gelingen? Wo liegen ihre Möglichkeiten und Grenzen? Welche Rahmenbedingungen beeinflussen sie? Das Buch beantwortet diese Fragen mit einer systemischen Sicht auf die Bioökonomie und ermöglicht so eine schnelle Orientierung in diesem Thema. Das wird durch zahlreiche Grafiken zusätzlich unterstützt. Somit lädt das Buch dazu ein, die Zukunft der Bioökonomie mitzugestalten.
Das Weltbild der Circular Economy und Bioökonomie: Vorbild Natur?
by Thomas Marzi Manfred RennerDies ist ein Open-Access-Buch. Bei der Suche nach neuen Wirtschaftsformen richten sich viele Hoffnungen auf die Circular Economy und Bioökonomie. Beiden wird das Potenzial zugesprochen, die Natur mit ihren Ressourcen zu schützen und gleichzeitig wirtschaftliches Wachstum zu ermöglichen. Welche Vorstellungen aber wirken in ihrem Hintergrund? Bei beiden Konzepten spielen die „Kreisläufe der Natur“ eine wesentliche Rolle. In manchen Denkschulen der Circular Economy sind sie ein Vorbild, nach dem Wirtschaftsprozesse gestaltet werden sollen. In der Bioökonomie sind sie „die“ Grundlage des Wirtschaftens. Dieses „Weltbild der Circular Economy und Bioökonomie“ ist Thema des vorliegenden Buches.
Das Weltbudget: Sichere und faire Ressourcennutzung als globale Überlebensstrategie
by Stefan BringezuDieses Buch beschreibt die zukunftsfähige Gestaltung der physischen Basis von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft insgesamt durch eine gerechte Steuerung des weltweiten Ressourcenverbrauchs.Es erläutert Strategien, die die Entwicklung von Gesellschaften und Individuen auch bei begrenztem Güterverbrauch ermöglichen und gleichzeitig dem universellen Bedürfnis des Menschen nach Sicherheit und Unabhängigkeit entgegenkommen. Die Idee eines Weltbudgets der globalen Ressourcennutzung kann als wichtige Referenz für das Management auf der internationalen, nationalen und lokalen Ebene dienen und den Verbrauch weltweit auf eine sichere und faire Basis stellen. So lassen sich wirksame Hebel gezielt dort ansetzen, wo der Verbrauch wesentlich bestimmt wird: bei Art und Umfang von Produktion und Konsum sowie der Gestaltung der Infrastrukturen.Als Zielorientierung und Referenz dienen konkrete Obergrenzen für die Nutzung globaler Ressourcen, um ein gutes Leben für alle auf diesem Planeten zu sichern.
Das Zwillingsparadoxon (essentials)
by Helmut GüntherDie bewegte Uhr geht nach. – Zwei Zwillinge bewegen sich in entgegengesetzter Richtung. Beide beobachten, dass die Uhr des anderen nachgeht. Dann kommen sie wieder zusammen und stellen fest: Jünger ist, wer seine Geschwindigkeit geändert hat. Eine elementare Erklärung dafür folgt aus einer Kette von Ungleichungen auf der Basis der Zeitdilatation. Mit Hilfe der Definition einer absoluten Gleichzeitigkeit finden wir eine weitere, einfache Erklärung. Hierbei ist es wichtig, den definitorischen Charakter der Gleichzeitigkeit zu verstehen. Alternativ zu Einsteins Herleitung formulieren wir einen anschaulichen Zugang zur Speziellen Relativitätstheorie. Dabei können wir über die Gleichzeitigkeit frei verfügen und lösen das Paradoxon sowohl mit der Lorentz-Transformation als auch bei absoluter Gleichzeitigkeit.
Das Zwillingsparadoxon unter Berücksichtigung der Gravitation (essentials)
by Helmut GüntherDie bewegte Uhr und eine Uhr im Gravitationsfeld gehen nach. Das berühmte Paradoxon von den Zwillingen, die sich erst voneinander entfernen und dann wieder zusammenkommen, untersuchen wir zunächst im speziell-relativistischen Gedankenexperiment, also ohne Gravitation. Der Zwilling, der seinen Bruder mit einer höheren Geschwindigkeit wieder einholt, bleibt am Ende der jüngere, was sich mit der sog. Zwillingsungleichung einfach verifizieren lässt.Die Gravitation kann prinzipiell nicht abgeschirmt werden. Ihren Einfluss auf den Gang einer Uhr verstehen wir mit einem Gedankenexperiment von V. Müller. Während die Zwillinge betragsmäßig immer dieselbe Geschwindigkeit zueinander besitzen, gelangen sie aber bei ihrer Bewegung durch den Raum in die Nähe verschiedener Massen, so dass sie unterschiedlicher Gravitation ausgesetzt sind. Das kann dazu führen, dass am Ende der zurückkehrende Zwilling sogar der ältere ist.
Data Analysis for Direct Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Combustion: From Equation-Based Analysis to Machine Learning
by Heinz Pitsch Antonio AttiliThis book presents methodologies for analysing large data sets produced by the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulence and combustion. It describes the development of models that can be used to analyse large eddy simulations, and highlights both the most common techniques and newly emerging ones. The chapters, written by internationally respected experts, invite readers to consider DNS of turbulence and combustion from a formal, data-driven standpoint, rather than one led by experience and intuition. This perspective allows readers to recognise the shortcomings of existing models, with the ultimate goal of quantifying and reducing model-based uncertainty. In addition, recent advances in machine learning and statistical inferences offer new insights on the interpretation of DNS data. The book will especially benefit graduate-level students and researchers in mechanical and aerospace engineering, e.g. those with an interest in general fluid mechanics, applied mathematics, and the environmental and atmospheric sciences.
Data Analysis for the Geosciences: Essentials of Uncertainty, Comparison, and Visualization (AGU Advanced Textbooks)
by Michael W. LiemohnAn initial course in scientific data analysis and hypothesis testing designed for students in all science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines Data Analysis for the Geosciences: Essentials of Uncertainty, Comparison, and Visualization is a textbook for upper-level undergraduate STEM students, designed to be their statistics course in a degree program. This volume provides a comprehensive introduction to data analysis, visualization, and data-model comparisons and metrics, within the framework of the uncertainty around the values. It offers a learning experience based on real data from the Earth, ocean, atmospheric, space, and planetary sciences. About this volume: Serves as an initial course in scientific data analysis and hypothesis testing Focuses on the methods of data processing Introduces a wide range of analysis techniques Describes the many ways to compare data with models Centers on applications rather than derivations Explains how to select appropriate statistics for meaningful decisions Explores the importance of the concept of uncertainty Uses examples from real geoscience observations Homework problems at the end of chapters The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Data Analytics Applied to the Mining Industry
by Ali SoofastaeiData Analytics Applied to the Mining Industry describes the key challenges facing the mining sector as it transforms into a digital industry able to fully exploit process automation, remote operation centers, autonomous equipment and the opportunities offered by the industrial internet of things. It provides guidelines on how data needs to be collected, stored and managed to enable the different advanced data analytics methods to be applied effectively in practice, through use of case studies, and worked examples. Aimed at graduate students, researchers, and professionals in the industry of mining engineering, this book: Explains how to implement advanced data analytics through case studies and examples in mining engineering Provides approaches and methods to improve data-driven decision making Explains a concise overview of the state of the art for Mining Executives and Managers Highlights and describes critical opportunity areas for mining optimization Brings experience and learning in digital transformation from adjacent sectors
Data Analytics-Based Demand Profiling and Advanced Demand Side Management for Flexible Operation of Sustainable Power Networks (Springer Theses)
by Jelena PonoćkoThis thesis deals with two important and very timely aspects of the future power system operation - assessment of demand flexibility and advanced demand side management (DSM) facilitating flexible and secure operation of the power network. It provides a clear and comprehensive literature review in these two areas and states precisely the original contributions of the research. The book first demonstrates the benefits of data mining for a reliable assessment of demand flexibility and its composition even with very limited observability of the end-users. It then illustrates the importance of accurate load modelling for efficient application of DSM and considers different criteria in designing DSM programme to achieve several objectives of the network performance simultaneously. Finally, it demonstrates the importance of considering realistic assumptions when planning and estimating the success of DSM programs.The findings presented here have both scientific and practical significance; they gained her BSc and MSc degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Belgrade in 2011 and 2012 respectively. She graduated with her PhD from the University of Manchester. She has presented at several conferences, and has won runner-up prizes in poster presentation at three. She has authored or co-authored more than 40 journal, conference and technical papers.provide a basis for further research, and can be used to guide future applications in industry.
Data Analytics for Drilling Engineering: Theory, Algorithms, Experiments, Software (Information Fusion and Data Science)
by Qilong XueThis book presents the signal processing and data mining challenges encountered in drilling engineering, and describes the methods used to overcome them. In drilling engineering, many signal processing technologies are required to solve practical problems, such as downhole information transmission, spatial attitude of drillstring, drillstring dynamics, seismic activity while drilling, among others. This title attempts to bridge the gap between the signal processing and data mining and oil and gas drilling engineering communities. There is an urgent need to summarize signal processing and data mining issues in drilling engineering so that practitioners in these fields can understand each other in order to enhance oil and gas drilling functions. In summary, this book shows the importance of signal processing and data mining to researchers and professional drilling engineers and open up a new area of application for signal processing and data mining scientists.