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Dryland Ecohydrology
by Paolo D’Odorico Amilcare Porporato Christiane Wilkinson RunyanBy combining the analysis of biotic and abiotic components of terrestrial ecosystems, this book synthesizes material on arid and semiarid landscapes, which was previously scattered among various books and journal articles. It focuses on water-limited ecosystems, which are highly sensitive to fluctuations in hydrologic conditions and, in turn, play an important role in affecting the regional water cycle. Intended as a tool for scientists working in the area of the earth and environmental sciences, this book presents the basic principles of eco-hydrology as well as a broad spectrum of topics and advances in this research field. Written by authors with diverse areas of expertise who work in arid areas around the world, the contributions describe the various interactions between the biological and physical dynamics in dryland ecosystems, ranging from basic processes in the soil-vegetation-climate system, to landscape-scale hydrologic and geomorphic processes, ecohydrologic controls on soil nutrient dynamics, and multiscale analyses of disturbances and patterns
Dryland Management: Economic Case Studies (Environmental and Resource Economics Set)
by John A. Dixon David E. James Paul B. ShermanDrylands are a sizeable part of the world's potentially arable land. They vary from the hyper-arid regions of the classic deserts of Africa and Asia to the more common semi-arid and sub-humid areas that support extensive agricultural systems dependent on rainfall or irrigation. Following their successful and innovative work The Economics of Dryland Management the editors have assembled twenty case studies from nine countries in the continents of Africa, Asia, North America and Australia. They help to explore more fully the costs of land degradation and illustrate the economics of reclamation, rehabilitation and prevention. The cases in this book present a rich, varied and readable survey of a wide range of drylands and their resources. Originally published in 19990
Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Changing Environments
by Bojie Fu Mark Stafford-SmithThis open access book prepared by a joint working group committed to critical research on dryland social-ecological systems (SESs) presents a timely synthesis of up-to-date knowledge in various thematic fields relevant to dryland SESs. It aims to organize key salient concepts and establish a conceptual framework relevant to the interdisciplinary and cross-cultural understanding of dryland SESs, which have specific contexts and a geographically representative structure. Through synthesizing research across the world and analyzing scientific evidence for good practices, it has the potential to promote collaboration among global researchers as well as communication with policy makers, managers, and practitioners for dryland ecosystem management to promote sustainability. It calls for synergies between different sectors and countries to achieve Sustainable Development Goals in drylands.
Drylands: Environmental Management and Development (The Natural Environment: Problems and Management)
by Peter BeaumontDrylands, which cover over half the world's area, have witnessed rapid development, exploitation and change with the discovery of mineral reserves, urbanization and population growth. Environmental management is critical to the conservation and sustainable use of resources. This comprehensive text offers a systematic study of the physical nature of drylands and the history of human response to and uses of these harsh landscapes. Detailed case studies, including urban as well as pastoral drylands from California to Soviet Central Asia, the Middle East, the Sahara and Australia, contrast different management approaches and problems.
Drylands Facing Change: Interventions, Investments and Identities (Earthscan Studies in Natural Resource Management)
by Angela Kronenburg García, Tobias Haller, Han van Dijk, Cyrus Samimi, Jeroen WarnerThis edited volume examines the changes that arise from the entanglement of global interests and narratives with the local struggles that have always existed in the drylands of Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia and Inner Asia. Changes in drylands are happening in an overwhelming manner. Climate change, growing political instability, and increasing enclosures of large expanses of often common land are some of the changes with far-reaching consequences for those who make their living in the drylands. At the same time, powerful narratives about the drylands as ‘wastelands’ and their ‘backward’ inhabitants continue to hold sway, legitimizing interventions for development, security and conservation, informing re-emerging frontiers of investment (for agriculture, extraction, infrastructure), and shaping new dryland identities. The chapters in this volume discuss the politics of change triggered by forces as diverse as the global land and resource rush, the expansion of new Information and Communication Technologies, urbanization, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the spread of violent extremism. While recognizing that changes are co-produced by differently positioned actors from within and outside the drylands, this volume presents the dryland’s point of view. It therefore takes the views, experiences, and agencies of dryland dwellers as the point of departure to not only understand the changes that are transforming their lives, livelihoods, and future aspirations, but also to highlight the unexpected spaces of contestation and innovation that have hitherto remained understudied. This edited volume will be of much interest to students, researchers and scholars of natural resource management, land and resource grabbing, political ecology, sustainable development and drylands in general.
Dual Phase Evolution
by David G. Green Jing Liu Hussein A. AbbassThe aim of the book is to lay out the foundations and provide a detailed treatment of the subject. It will focus on two main elements in dual phase evolution: the relationship between dual phase evolution and other phase transition phenomena and the advantages of dual phase evolution in evolutionary computation and complex adaptive systems. The book will provide a coherent picture of dual phase evolution that encompasses these two elements and frameworks, methods and techniques to use this concept for problem solving.
Ductile Shear Zones
by Kieran F. Mulchrone Soumyajit MukherjeeThe elucidation of the mechanisms and kinematics of shear zone deformation, at both local and regional scales, is the subject of a great deal of interest to scientists in the hydrocarbon industry, in seismology, and in structural geology more generally. This book comprises a collection of five theoretical and twelve regional contributions to the subject from a number of leading researchers in the field, with particular emphasis on work carried out in the Indian subcontinent. The book will be invaluable to advances students and researchers involved in the kinematics of shear.
Duet: Our Journey in Song with the Northern Mockingbird
by Phillip HooseThe story of the impactful partnership between humans and mockingbirds, both scientifically and culturally over the centuries, written for young adults by award-winning nonfiction powerhouse Phil Hoose.The Northern mockingbird’s brilliant song—a loud, bright, liquid sampling of musical notes and phrases—has made it a beloved companion and the official bird of five states. Many of our favorite songs and poems feature mockingbirds. Mockingbirds have been companions to humans for centuries. Many Native American myths and legends feature mockingbirds, often teaching humans to speak. Thomas Jefferson’s mockingbird, “Dick”, was the first White House pet. John James Audubon’s portrait of a rattlesnake raiding a mockingbird’s nest sparked outrage in the world of art. Atticus Finch’s somber warning to his children, “Remember, it’s a sin to kill a Mockingbird,” is known throughout the world. Some jazz musicians credit mockingbirds with teaching them a four-note call that says, “Break’s over.” And mockingjays—a hybrid between jabberjays and mockers—are a symbol of the rebel cause in the Hunger Games trilogy. But in the early 1900s the mocker was plummeting toward extinction. Too many had been trapped, sold, and caged. Something had to be done. To the rescue came a powerful and determined group of women.Now, National Book Award and Newbery honor-winner Phillip Hoose brings the story of the important and overlooked connection between humans and mockingbirds—past, present, and future. It is the third volume of his bird trilogy.Duet is a study in the power of song. As author Steve Sheinkin puts it, “This book will change how you listen to the world.”
Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (3rd Edition)
by Robert D. BullardTo be poor, working-class, or a person of color in the United States often means bearing a disproportionate share of the country's environmental problems. Starting with the premise that all Americans have a basic right to live in a healthy environment, Dumping in Dixie chronicles the efforts of five African American communities, empowered by the civil rights movement, to link environmentalism with issues of social justice. In the third edition, Bullard speaks to us from the front lines of the environmental justice movement about new developments in environmental racism, different organizing strategies, and success stories in the struggle for environmental equity.
Dune Worlds
by Ralph D. Lorenz James R. ZimbelmanThis book describes how sand dunes work, why they are the way they are in different settings, and how they are being studied. Particular attention is paid to their formation and appearance elsewhere in the solar system. New developments in knowledge about dunes make for an interesting story - like the dunes themselves, dune science is dynamic - and the visual appeal of Aeolian geomorphology ensures that this is an attractive volume. The book is divided into 4 parts, the first of which introduces dunes as a planetary phenomenon, showing a landscape reflecting the balance of geological processes - volcanism, impact, tectonics, erosion, deposition of sediments. Dunes are then considered as emergent dynamical systems: the interaction of sand and wind conspires to generate very characteristic and reproducible shapes. Analogies are given with other emergent structures such as patterned ground before the influence of dunes on desert peoples and infrastructure is studied, together with their use as forensic climatological indicators. Dune Physics is looked at with regard to the mechanics of sand, the physics of wind, saltation - interaction of sand and air - dunes versus ripples and transverse Aeolian ridges, the classification of dune morphology and the sources and sinks of sand. Dune Trafficability considers soil mechanics, effects on mobility on Earth, Mars and elsewhere. In the second part, Earth, Mars, Titan and other moons and planets are examined, beginning with a survey of the major deserts and dunefields on Earth. The authors then turn to Mars and its environment, sediment type, dune stratigraphy, sediment source and sinks and the association of dunes with topographic features. Titan follows - its thick, cold atmosphere, methane dampness, low gravity, morphology - interaction with topography and the implications of dunes for climate and winds. Dunes elsewhere conclude this part. There are few dunefields on Venus, but there is a . possibility of Aeolian transport on Triton and volcanic-related windstreaks on Io.
Dunes: Dynamics, Morphology, History (RGS-IBG Book Series)
by Andrew WarrenDunes is the first book in over a decade to incorporate the latest research in this active and fast-developing field. It discusses the shapes, sizes, patterns, distribution, history and care of wind-blown dunes, and covers all aspects of dunes, terrestrial and in the Solar System. The only book to cover all dunes, terrestrial and in the Solar System, in deserts, on coasts, and in the past Represents the most current update on the research of dunes for over a decade Incorporates the latest research to come out of China where the field is most rapidly expanding Discusses the most recent range of skills and technology now focused on the study of dunes Brings up-to-date a rapidly expanding field
Dung Beetles (Animals)
by Martha E. RustadDung beetles are the world’s strongest animals. They are famous for rolling animal poop around. Their gross job is important to the world. Find out more facts about these strong insects.
Durability of Concrete Structures (Building Pathology and Rehabilitation #16)
by J. M. P. Q. DelgadoThis book provides a collection of recent research works, related to structural stability and durability, service life, reinforced concrete structures, recycled materials, and sustainability with endogenic materials. Intended as an overview of the current state of knowledge, the book will benefit scientists, students, practitioners, lecturers and other interested parties. At the same time, the topics covered are relevant to a variety of scientific and engineering disciplines, including civil, materials and mechanical engineering.
Dust: The Modern World in a Trillion Particles
by Jay OwensExploring dust as a method for seeing the world - from space dust to sandstorms, the domestic to the digital.Combining history and science, a sweeping look at the smallest substance and the biggest challenges facing people and the planet __________Four-and-a-half billion years ago, Planet Earth was formed from a vast spinning nebula of cosmic dust, the detritus left over from the birth of the sun. Within the next 100 years, human life on swathes of the Earth's surface will end in a haze of heat, drought, and, again, dust. Dust is a legacy of 20th-century progress and a profound threat to life in the 21st century. And yet dust is something we hardly ever consider--it is so small and so mundane as to be beyond the threshold of thought.Jay Owen's Dust sparks curiosity and corrects that oversight. This is a book on humanity, the Earth, and what we've done to it over the last century. It moves from the sunlit orange groves of a thirsty Los Angeles at the birth of the "automotive city," to Oklahoma and its Dust Bowl migrants. Owens takes readers to NASA and the Jet Propulsion Lab where spacecraft are built in "clean rooms" and to the Aral Sea, Chernobyl, and the Greenland Ice Sheet, to help us better understand our legacy and the challenges we face in the years ahead. This is a smart, beautifully written book that builds big ideas from the smallest particles.__________DUST is unmistakably a major book in the making. This is a book with an extraordinary global story to tell, but - and - also with an ethical argument to advance. - Robert Macfarlane(P) 2023 Hodder & Stoughton Limited
Dust: The Modern World in a Trillion Particles
by Jay Owens'Dust is a book with an extraordinary global story to tell, but - and - also with an ethical argument to advance. Robert Macfarlane'Superb' Telegraph'Brilliant' Sunday Times'Eye-opening . . . impressive' Guardian 'Like a detective dusting for fingerprints, Jay Owens masterfully reveals the hidden traces of modernity by following some of its smallest fragments.' James Vincent, author of Beyond Measure__________Dust may seem inconsequential, so tiny and mundane as to slip below the threshold of thought. Yet within the next one hundred years, life on Earth will be profoundly changed by heat and drought - and that means dust. In this ground-breaking book, Jay Owens argues that dust is a legacy of twentieth-century progress and a toxic threat to life in the twenty-first.Dust: The Modern World in a Trillion Particles tells the gripping story of how the relentless drive for profit and power has turned the world to powder. Combining history and science, travel and nature writing, Owens shows how the modern world was made through environmental devastation - and then brushed the consequences under the carpet. From particle air pollution and nuclear fallout to desertification, dried-up seas and melting glaciers, we've profoundly altered the planet we live on. The cost to human health - and to the natural world - proves immense.From the California desert and the Dust Bowl in Oklahoma to the desiccated remains of the Aral Sea and the edge of the Greenland ice sheet, we are shown that some of the planet's most remote and forgotten places are central to the modern world. With clarity and insight, Dust: The Modern World in a Trillion Particles helps us understand our legacy and discovers the big ideas found within the smallest particles.__________Combining history and science, a sweeping look at the smallest substance and the biggest challenges facing people and the planet'From Mark Kurlansky's Salt and Laura Martin's Tea to Jared Diamond's Guns and Germs and Steel, can we now add geographer Jay Owens's Dust?' Telegraph
The Dust Bowl
by Elaina Jacobs Molly SmithDuring the 1930s, the Great Plains region of the United States earned the nickname "the Dust Bowl" because of the many large dust storms that raged across the open land there. Learn more about these "black blizzards" and their devastating effects.
Dust-Gas Instabilities in Protoplanetary Disks: Toward Understanding Planetesimal Formation (Springer Theses)
by Ryosuke TominagaHow planets form is one of the long-standing questions in astrophysics. In particular, formation scenarios of planetesimals which are kilometer-sized bodies and a precursor of planets are still unclear and under debate although some promising mechanisms have been proposed.This book highlight disk instabilities that have the potential to explain the origin of planetesimals. Using linear analyses and numerical simulations, it addresses how a disk evolves through the development of instabilities, and also presents a new instability driven by dust coagulation. As a result, the simulation demonstrates a scenario of planetesimal formation: A successive development of multiple instabilities triggers planetesimal formation in resulting dusty rings.
The Dutch Century: Domination of the Spice Trade at Any Cost (The\dutchman Trilogy Ser. #Vol. 1)
by Carl DouglassThe Dutch Century: Domination of the Spice Trade at Any Cost is the second of three books about the remarkable 17th century, primarily owned by the Netherlands. It reveals--as historical fiction—the adventures, trials, risks, accomplishments, conflicts, atrocities, and crimes, of the Dutch and specifically of the Seagoing Van Brakel family.
The Dutch Century: The Great White Hunter—Southern Africa
by Carl DouglassThe Great White Hunter—Southern Africa is the third and final book of the Dutch Century Trilogy. It covers the last two-thirds of the 1600s, during which the Dutch exercised considerable control of all sub-Saharan Africa. Among the Dutch who spent significant portions of their lives in the region were farmers, traders, builders, mariners, and slavers. And, most interesting, some intrepid long-distance hunters. They sought fortunes as rewards for museum-quality mounted specimens, success beyond their wildest imaginations from the elephant tusk/ivory trade, and adventure—always adventure. They were brave and hardy souls who faced hardships of miserable travel in oxwaggons, difficult to manage native helpers, balky oxen, mules, and horses. In addition, there were problems of tribalism, close calls from fearsome beasts, including lions, leopards, elephants, rhinos, crocs, and dangerous men. Piet van Brakel explored the lower half of the African continent while still a fugitive from the dangerous Dutch VOC. To succeed, he had to control the vicissitudes of weather—floods, droughts, winds, starvation, and great thirsts. He was the baas, the bwana who had to deal with all unseen and unknown surprises. That included: animal attacks, Arab slaver/killer invasion, war with ruthless Zulu impis, poisons, malfunctioning guns, and misbehaving men of his safari team. He lost six of his nine lives, accumulated hard-won treasure twice, and gained incomparable friends and success beyond measure. Such a life was never a sure thing for the man. How he accomplished, that is the stuff of legend.
Dwelling in Resistance: Living with Alternative Technologies in America
by Chelsea SchellyMost Americans take for granted much of what is materially involved in the daily rituals of dwelling. In Dwelling in Resistance, Chelsea Schelly examines four alternative U.S. communities—“The Farm,” “Twin Oaks,” “Dancing Rabbit,” and “Earthships”—where electricity, water, heat, waste, food, and transportation practices differ markedly from those of the vast majority of Americans. Schelly portrays a wide range of residential living alternatives utilizing renewable, small-scale, de-centralized technologies. These technologies considerably change how individuals and communities interact with the material world, their natural environment, and one another. Using in depth interviews and compelling ethnographic observations, the book offers an insightful look at different communities’ practices and principles and their successful endeavors in sustainability and self-sufficiency.
Dye Pollution from Textile Industry: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development (SDGs and Textiles)
by Pardeep SinghThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges associated with dye pollution and highlights opportunities for sustainable development in the textile industry. It discusses the environmental and health impacts of textile dyeing, the regulations and standards related to dye pollution, and the available technologies and strategies for reducing dye pollution. One of the significant challenges associated with dye pollution is the contamination of water resources. The book further discusses the available technologies and strategies for reducing water consumption and improving water treatment in the textile industry. The book also highlights the importance of adopting sustainable production processes and waste management strategies to minimize toxic waste products and eco-friendly textile production. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, policymakers, and anyone interested in the environmental impact of textile production.
Dyke Swarms: Keys for Geodynamic Interpretation
by Rajesh SrivastavaDykes occur in a wide variety of geological and tectonic settings and their detailed study through space and time is imperative for understanding several geological events. Dykes are believed to be an integral part of continental rifting and when they occur as spatially extensive swarms of adequate size, they can be of immense utility in continental reconstructions and also help to identify Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). It is known that continental flood basalts and major dyke swarms have their origin related in some way to the up-rise of hot mantle plumes which may lead to rifting and eventual continental break-up. Dykes signify crustal extension and are important indicators of crustal stabilisation events, supercontinental assembly and dispersal, crust-mantle interaction and play a significant role in the delineation of crustal provinces as well as in deciphering crustal evolution events. Many economic mineral deposits of the world are also associated with a variety of dykes. The volume will provide state-of-the-art information on all aspects of dykes with emphasis on the origin, evolution and emplacement of dykes.
Dyke Swarms of the World: A Modern Perspective (Springer Geology)
by Rajesh K. Srivastava Richard E. Ernst Peng PengContinuing the tradition of International Dyke Conference, this book is largely based on contributions from the IDC7 but also includes some chapters by invitation. It focuses on mafic dyke swarms and related associations: e.g. links with sills, kimberlites, syenites, carbonatites, and volcanics, discussing the following themes: (i) regional maps/reviews of dyke swarms and related units, (ii) the role of giant dyke swarms in the reconstruction of supercontinents/paleocontinents, (iii) mapping of dykes using remote sensing techniques, (iv) geochronology of dyke swarms, (v) petrology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of dykes, (vi) emplacement mechanism of dykes, (vii) dyke swarms and planetary bodies, and (viii) links to mineralization and resources.
Dylan the Doctor
by Guy Parker-ReesAn adorable new series featuring a fun doggy character all about occupations and imagination by Guy Parker-Rees, the bestselling illustrator of Giraffes Can't Dance!Dylan's on his way -- are you ready to play?Dylan the Doctor is the first story in a new series featuring an exuberant stripy dog who just loves to pretend and use his imagination. Created by beloved and bestselling illustrator Guy Parker-Rees, Dylan is a joyous new character who uses playing and fun to help toddlers explore and understand their world. Today Dylan is pretending to be a doctor. He dashes back and forth, looking after all of his friends. But who will look after poor, tired Doctor Dylan? All his friends, of course! Be sure to be on the lookout for Dylan's tiniest friend, Dotty Bug, on every page, as she encourages readers to join in with the story.
Dynamic and Precise Engineering Surveying
by Qingquan LiDriven by the increasingly expanding needs of infrastructure construction, operation and maintenance, as well as the rapid developments of intelligent sensing and information technology, precise engineering surveying has been transformed from static, discrete, and manual into dynamic, continuous, and intelligent ways. This transformation leads to an advanced multidisciplinary field, dynamic and precise engineering surveying, on which the author has worked for over two decades. This book systematically summarizes the fundamentals, methods, and applications in dynamic and precise engineering surveying. The contents mainly include two parts: the first part introduces principles and methods of dynamic and precise engineering surveying; the second part presents representative applications in which innovative methods and advanced equipment are applied in the construction, operation and maintenance of mega and complex infrastructures.Readers engaged in surveying and mapping, civil engineering, water conservancy engineering, railway engineering, electronic information, and computer science, including undergraduates, graduates, researchers and engineers, will find it an informative reference.