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Dual Phase Evolution
by David G. Green Hussein A. Abbass Jing LiuThe aim of the book is to lay out the foundations and provide a detailed treatment of the subject. It will focus on two main elements in dual phase evolution: the relationship between dual phase evolution and other phase transition phenomena and the advantages of dual phase evolution in evolutionary computation and complex adaptive systems. The book will provide a coherent picture of dual phase evolution that encompasses these two elements and frameworks, methods and techniques to use this concept for problem solving.
Ductile Shear Zones
by Kieran F. Mulchrone Soumyajit MukherjeeThe elucidation of the mechanisms and kinematics of shear zone deformation, at both local and regional scales, is the subject of a great deal of interest to scientists in the hydrocarbon industry, in seismology, and in structural geology more generally. This book comprises a collection of five theoretical and twelve regional contributions to the subject from a number of leading researchers in the field, with particular emphasis on work carried out in the Indian subcontinent. The book will be invaluable to advances students and researchers involved in the kinematics of shear.
Duet: Our Journey in Song with the Northern Mockingbird
by Phillip HooseThe story of the impactful partnership between humans and mockingbirds, both scientifically and culturally over the centuries, written for young adults by award-winning nonfiction powerhouse Phil Hoose.The Northern mockingbird’s brilliant song—a loud, bright, liquid sampling of musical notes and phrases—has made it a beloved companion and the official bird of five states. Many of our favorite songs and poems feature mockingbirds. Mockingbirds have been companions to humans for centuries. Many Native American myths and legends feature mockingbirds, often teaching humans to speak. Thomas Jefferson’s mockingbird, “Dick”, was the first White House pet. John James Audubon’s portrait of a rattlesnake raiding a mockingbird’s nest sparked outrage in the world of art. Atticus Finch’s somber warning to his children, “Remember, it’s a sin to kill a Mockingbird,” is known throughout the world. Some jazz musicians credit mockingbirds with teaching them a four-note call that says, “Break’s over.” And mockingjays—a hybrid between jabberjays and mockers—are a symbol of the rebel cause in the Hunger Games trilogy. But in the early 1900s the mocker was plummeting toward extinction. Too many had been trapped, sold, and caged. Something had to be done. To the rescue came a powerful and determined group of women.Now, National Book Award and Newbery honor-winner Phillip Hoose brings the story of the important and overlooked connection between humans and mockingbirds—past, present, and future. It is the third volume of his bird trilogy.Duet is a study in the power of song. As author Steve Sheinkin puts it, “This book will change how you listen to the world.”
Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (3rd Edition)
by Robert D. BullardTo be poor, working-class, or a person of color in the United States often means bearing a disproportionate share of the country's environmental problems. Starting with the premise that all Americans have a basic right to live in a healthy environment, Dumping in Dixie chronicles the efforts of five African American communities, empowered by the civil rights movement, to link environmentalism with issues of social justice. In the third edition, Bullard speaks to us from the front lines of the environmental justice movement about new developments in environmental racism, different organizing strategies, and success stories in the struggle for environmental equity.
Dune Worlds
by Ralph D. Lorenz James R. ZimbelmanThis book describes how sand dunes work, why they are the way they are in different settings, and how they are being studied. Particular attention is paid to their formation and appearance elsewhere in the solar system. New developments in knowledge about dunes make for an interesting story - like the dunes themselves, dune science is dynamic - and the visual appeal of Aeolian geomorphology ensures that this is an attractive volume. The book is divided into 4 parts, the first of which introduces dunes as a planetary phenomenon, showing a landscape reflecting the balance of geological processes - volcanism, impact, tectonics, erosion, deposition of sediments. Dunes are then considered as emergent dynamical systems: the interaction of sand and wind conspires to generate very characteristic and reproducible shapes. Analogies are given with other emergent structures such as patterned ground before the influence of dunes on desert peoples and infrastructure is studied, together with their use as forensic climatological indicators. Dune Physics is looked at with regard to the mechanics of sand, the physics of wind, saltation - interaction of sand and air - dunes versus ripples and transverse Aeolian ridges, the classification of dune morphology and the sources and sinks of sand. Dune Trafficability considers soil mechanics, effects on mobility on Earth, Mars and elsewhere. In the second part, Earth, Mars, Titan and other moons and planets are examined, beginning with a survey of the major deserts and dunefields on Earth. The authors then turn to Mars and its environment, sediment type, dune stratigraphy, sediment source and sinks and the association of dunes with topographic features. Titan follows - its thick, cold atmosphere, methane dampness, low gravity, morphology - interaction with topography and the implications of dunes for climate and winds. Dunes elsewhere conclude this part. There are few dunefields on Venus, but there is a . possibility of Aeolian transport on Triton and volcanic-related windstreaks on Io.
Dunes: Dynamics, Morphology, History (RGS-IBG Book Series)
by Andrew WarrenDunes is the first book in over a decade to incorporate the latest research in this active and fast-developing field. It discusses the shapes, sizes, patterns, distribution, history and care of wind-blown dunes, and covers all aspects of dunes, terrestrial and in the Solar System. The only book to cover all dunes, terrestrial and in the Solar System, in deserts, on coasts, and in the past Represents the most current update on the research of dunes for over a decade Incorporates the latest research to come out of China where the field is most rapidly expanding Discusses the most recent range of skills and technology now focused on the study of dunes Brings up-to-date a rapidly expanding field
Dung Beetles (Animals)
by Martha E. RustadDung beetles are the world’s strongest animals. They are famous for rolling animal poop around. Their gross job is important to the world. Find out more facts about these strong insects.
Durability of Concrete Structures (Building Pathology and Rehabilitation #16)
by J. M. P. Q. DelgadoThis book provides a collection of recent research works, related to structural stability and durability, service life, reinforced concrete structures, recycled materials, and sustainability with endogenic materials. Intended as an overview of the current state of knowledge, the book will benefit scientists, students, practitioners, lecturers and other interested parties. At the same time, the topics covered are relevant to a variety of scientific and engineering disciplines, including civil, materials and mechanical engineering.
Dust-Gas Instabilities in Protoplanetary Disks: Toward Understanding Planetesimal Formation (Springer Theses)
by Ryosuke TominagaHow planets form is one of the long-standing questions in astrophysics. In particular, formation scenarios of planetesimals which are kilometer-sized bodies and a precursor of planets are still unclear and under debate although some promising mechanisms have been proposed.This book highlight disk instabilities that have the potential to explain the origin of planetesimals. Using linear analyses and numerical simulations, it addresses how a disk evolves through the development of instabilities, and also presents a new instability driven by dust coagulation. As a result, the simulation demonstrates a scenario of planetesimal formation: A successive development of multiple instabilities triggers planetesimal formation in resulting dusty rings.
Dust: The Modern World in a Trillion Particles
by Jay OwensExploring dust as a method for seeing the world - from space dust to sandstorms, the domestic to the digital.Combining history and science, a sweeping look at the smallest substance and the biggest challenges facing people and the planet __________Four-and-a-half billion years ago, Planet Earth was formed from a vast spinning nebula of cosmic dust, the detritus left over from the birth of the sun. Within the next 100 years, human life on swathes of the Earth's surface will end in a haze of heat, drought, and, again, dust. Dust is a legacy of 20th-century progress and a profound threat to life in the 21st century. And yet dust is something we hardly ever consider--it is so small and so mundane as to be beyond the threshold of thought.Jay Owen's Dust sparks curiosity and corrects that oversight. This is a book on humanity, the Earth, and what we've done to it over the last century. It moves from the sunlit orange groves of a thirsty Los Angeles at the birth of the "automotive city," to Oklahoma and its Dust Bowl migrants. Owens takes readers to NASA and the Jet Propulsion Lab where spacecraft are built in "clean rooms" and to the Aral Sea, Chernobyl, and the Greenland Ice Sheet, to help us better understand our legacy and the challenges we face in the years ahead. This is a smart, beautifully written book that builds big ideas from the smallest particles.__________DUST is unmistakably a major book in the making. This is a book with an extraordinary global story to tell, but - and - also with an ethical argument to advance. - Robert Macfarlane(P) 2023 Hodder & Stoughton Limited
Dust: The Modern World in a Trillion Particles
by Jay Owens'Dust is a book with an extraordinary global story to tell, but - and - also with an ethical argument to advance. Robert Macfarlane'Superb' Telegraph'Brilliant' Sunday Times'Eye-opening . . . impressive' Guardian 'Like a detective dusting for fingerprints, Jay Owens masterfully reveals the hidden traces of modernity by following some of its smallest fragments.' James Vincent, author of Beyond Measure__________Dust may seem inconsequential, so tiny and mundane as to slip below the threshold of thought. Yet within the next one hundred years, life on Earth will be profoundly changed by heat and drought - and that means dust. In this ground-breaking book, Jay Owens argues that dust is a legacy of twentieth-century progress and a toxic threat to life in the twenty-first.Dust: The Modern World in a Trillion Particles tells the gripping story of how the relentless drive for profit and power has turned the world to powder. Combining history and science, travel and nature writing, Owens shows how the modern world was made through environmental devastation - and then brushed the consequences under the carpet. From particle air pollution and nuclear fallout to desertification, dried-up seas and melting glaciers, we've profoundly altered the planet we live on. The cost to human health - and to the natural world - proves immense.From the California desert and the Dust Bowl in Oklahoma to the desiccated remains of the Aral Sea and the edge of the Greenland ice sheet, we are shown that some of the planet's most remote and forgotten places are central to the modern world. With clarity and insight, Dust: The Modern World in a Trillion Particles helps us understand our legacy and discovers the big ideas found within the smallest particles.__________Combining history and science, a sweeping look at the smallest substance and the biggest challenges facing people and the planet'From Mark Kurlansky's Salt and Laura Martin's Tea to Jared Diamond's Guns and Germs and Steel, can we now add geographer Jay Owens's Dust?' Telegraph
Dwellbeing: Finding Home in the City
by Tony Juniper Claire BradburyIn recent times, we have all questioned whether we feel truly nurtured by where we live. With 68 per cent of the world’s population predicted to live in cities by 2050, Dwellbeing is a call to stand firm on the seven pillars we cherish and so desperately need from our city homes: wilderness, nourishment, movement, connection, dwelling, imagination and love.Claire Bradbury is the ultimate urban nomad: born in the South African bush, she has spent her life working and living in cities across the globe. As an environmentalist, sustainability expert and wellbeing advocate, she explores how we can change the story of our city homes to be about dwelling, rootedness and joy, rather than a relentless rat race. She has spoken to everyone from city dwellers, street artists and planners to chefs, DJs and architects around the world to unearth the everyday actions that have the power to enhance our lives. Dwellbeing celebrates the leaders, creators and urban heroes who are rewriting the script on urban living, helping us to make the shift from ‘smart’ to ‘lovable’ cities.This beautiful book shows that, when it comes to reimagining our urban futures, everyone has a voice.
Dwelling in Resistance: Living with Alternative Technologies in America
by Chelsea SchellyMost Americans take for granted much of what is materially involved in the daily rituals of dwelling. In Dwelling in Resistance, Chelsea Schelly examines four alternative U.S. communities—“The Farm,” “Twin Oaks,” “Dancing Rabbit,” and “Earthships”—where electricity, water, heat, waste, food, and transportation practices differ markedly from those of the vast majority of Americans. Schelly portrays a wide range of residential living alternatives utilizing renewable, small-scale, de-centralized technologies. These technologies considerably change how individuals and communities interact with the material world, their natural environment, and one another. Using in depth interviews and compelling ethnographic observations, the book offers an insightful look at different communities’ practices and principles and their successful endeavors in sustainability and self-sufficiency.
Dye Pollution from Textile Industry: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development (SDGs and Textiles)
by Pardeep SinghThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges associated with dye pollution and highlights opportunities for sustainable development in the textile industry. It discusses the environmental and health impacts of textile dyeing, the regulations and standards related to dye pollution, and the available technologies and strategies for reducing dye pollution. One of the significant challenges associated with dye pollution is the contamination of water resources. The book further discusses the available technologies and strategies for reducing water consumption and improving water treatment in the textile industry. The book also highlights the importance of adopting sustainable production processes and waste management strategies to minimize toxic waste products and eco-friendly textile production. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, policymakers, and anyone interested in the environmental impact of textile production.
Dyke Swarms - Time Markers of Crustal Evolution: Selected Papers of the Fifth International Dyke Conference in Finland, Rovaniemi, Finland, 31 July- 3 Aug 2005 & Fourth International Dyke Conference, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa 26-29 June 2001
by E. Hanski S. Mertanen T. Rämö J. VuolloDyke swarms are remnants of large igneous provinces, and are pointers of continental break-up events, as well as indicators for ancient continental reconstructions. These global geodynamic aspects are of crucial significance in tectonics, and with recent developments in high-precision age, dating it has become possible to enter these short-lived ma
Dyke Swarms of the World: A Modern Perspective (Springer Geology)
by Richard E. Ernst Rajesh K. Srivastava Peng PengContinuing the tradition of International Dyke Conference, this book is largely based on contributions from the IDC7 but also includes some chapters by invitation. It focuses on mafic dyke swarms and related associations: e.g. links with sills, kimberlites, syenites, carbonatites, and volcanics, discussing the following themes: (i) regional maps/reviews of dyke swarms and related units, (ii) the role of giant dyke swarms in the reconstruction of supercontinents/paleocontinents, (iii) mapping of dykes using remote sensing techniques, (iv) geochronology of dyke swarms, (v) petrology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of dykes, (vi) emplacement mechanism of dykes, (vii) dyke swarms and planetary bodies, and (viii) links to mineralization and resources.
Dyke Swarms: Keys for Geodynamic Interpretation
by Rajesh SrivastavaDykes occur in a wide variety of geological and tectonic settings and their detailed study through space and time is imperative for understanding several geological events. Dykes are believed to be an integral part of continental rifting and when they occur as spatially extensive swarms of adequate size, they can be of immense utility in continental reconstructions and also help to identify Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). It is known that continental flood basalts and major dyke swarms have their origin related in some way to the up-rise of hot mantle plumes which may lead to rifting and eventual continental break-up. Dykes signify crustal extension and are important indicators of crustal stabilisation events, supercontinental assembly and dispersal, crust-mantle interaction and play a significant role in the delineation of crustal provinces as well as in deciphering crustal evolution events. Many economic mineral deposits of the world are also associated with a variety of dykes. The volume will provide state-of-the-art information on all aspects of dykes with emphasis on the origin, evolution and emplacement of dykes.
Dynamic Behavior of Pipelines for Marine Applications (Synthesis Lectures on Ocean Systems Engineering)
by Ioannis K. ChatjigeorgiouThe dynamic behavior of pipelines describes the time-varying continuous response of these structures under extreme effects, that are generated by the surrounding environment (waves and sea currents) and motions imposed by the host floating facility. This book describes all known impacts that affect the behavior and operation of a pipeline conveying an inner flow for underwater applications. "Known Impacts" are those phenomena that are considered important according to practice and experience. Underwater pipelines are typical, unique structures that are attached to unique floating facilities. The design and utilization of underwater pipelines depend strongly on the installation site and the intended application's particulars. It is possible that future technology demands will require us to cope with additional challenges that will be considered important for the design and operation of underwater pipelines, leading inevitably to the enhancement of the "known challenges".
Dynamic Buckling of Columns Inside Oil Wells (SpringerBriefs in Petroleum Geoscience & Engineering)
by Marcelo Anunciação Jaculli José Ricardo Pelaquim MendesThis book introduces the underlying concepts of column dynamics and buckling, based on the latest state-of-the-art research on this innovative topic. It begins with a summary of the basic concepts behind column dynamics and buckling, before moving on to the models for studying dynamic buckling inside oil wells. Four models with increasing complexity are presented: columns without friction; columns with friction; columns inside slant wells; and columns inside offshore wells. Each model is divided into two cases, depending on whether the column is being tripped in or out. A case study is used to demonstrate these models and is further developed as each model is presented and explained. The results include comparisons between the models themselves, thus showing the implications of the adopted hypotheses of each. This book enables academic, industrial, and graduate student readers to fully understand the fundamentals of dynamic buckling and to further develop the presented models for their own research.
Dynamic Earth
by Prentice HallThis book contains everything teenagers need learn about the earth. Topics covered in this book are: earthquakes, volcanoes, earth's crust, plate tectonics, rocks, minerals, weathering, soil formation, erosion and deposition
Dynamic Equivalent Modeling of Acoustic Metamaterials: Solving Problem of Noise and Vibration
by Nansha Gao Jie DengThis book derives physical models from basic principles, studies the effect of equivalent models on the dynamic characteristics of phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials, and analyzes the physical mechanisms behind vibration and noise reduction. It first summarizes the research status of vibration and noise reduction, and research progress in phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials. Based on this, one-dimensional periodic beam, two-dimensional thin plate with circular hole, and corresponding gradient structures are introduced, and their dynamic characteristics are discussed in detail. Therefore, different equivalent methods for different models are proposed through theoretical analysis, modal analysis and transmission rate analysis. Finally, a Helmholtz-type acoustic metamaterial, i.e. a multi-layer slotted tube acoustic metamaterial, is studied. Aiming at the low-frequency band gap of this model, a theoretical model for solving the inverse problem of acousto-electric analogue equivalent is proposed, and the effect of structural parameters on the low-frequency band gap is studied using this equivalent model. This book closely revolves around how to conduct equivalent research on artificially fabricated periodic structures. The methods and conclusions presented in this book provide a new theoretical basis for the application of artificial woven periodic structures in the field of low-frequency vibration reduction and noise reduction and are also an innovation in the discipline of vibration and noise control. This book is suitable for undergraduate students, graduate students and teachers in vibration and noise majors in universities, and can also provide references for engineering and technical personnel in related fields.
Dynamic Fluidic Sprinkler and Intelligent Sprinkler Irrigation Technologies (Smart Agriculture #3)
by Junping Liu Xingye Zhu Alexander Fordjour Shouqi YuanThis book presents a newly designed dynamic fluidic sprinkler (DFS) to improve hydraulic performance of the existing complete fluidic sprinkler (CFS) under low-pressure conditions. Sprinkler irrigation has high prospects for improving water management in crop production. In recent years, low-pressure water-saving has become an important research content in the field of sprinkler irrigation. It introduces the effect of riser height on rotation uniformity and application rate of the dynamic fluidic sprinkler. It also discusses the intelligent sprinkler irrigation technologies for autonomous and remote sensing system. This book will be a useful reference for researchers and professionals in the field of agriculture and irrigation.
Dynamic Governance of Energy Technology Change
by Silvia Ulli-BeerFormulating effective responses to the global challenges of mitigating climate change and securing a sustainable energy future requires a clear understanding of the interdependent causalities between institutions, local decision making, strategic alliances and eco-innovations, as well as policies. It has been acknowledged that the linear "Manhattan project" model is not an adequate governance model for mastering the dynamic complexity of socio-technical transitions; therefore this book aims at advancing research on systematic transition management models. It offers qualitative and quantitative analyses of socio-technical transitions in road transportation and housing, bringing together tailored theorizing on sustainability transitions and applied system dynamics modeling. It highlights the interconnected causal feedbacks that are required to overcome the lock-in situation in road transportation and housing fueled by fossil energies. Showing which concerted actions and framework conditions are required in the transition phases in order to initiate and sustain socio-technical transition, it serves as a guide to model-based strategy making, policy design and analyses in support of sustainable futures.
Dynamic Image Analysis of Granular Materials: Particle Granulometry for Geotechnical, Material, and Geological Applications (Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering)
by Magued Iskander Linzhu LiThis book explores the effectiveness of Dynamic Image Analysis (DIA) in granulometry studies of sand, and presents criteria for soil characterization using DIA, including test parameters, specimen size, efficacy in gap-graded soils, and its limitations. DIA is a modern experimental technique used to analyze and classify particulate materials based on their size, shape, and other morphological properties. This method employs a high-frame-rate camera to capture images of individual sand particles, which have been transported and separated using various techniques. DIA generates both particle size and shape information by analyzing thousands to millions of particles, providing a quantitative statistical description of grain size and shape distribution within the specimen. The manuscript also offers a comprehensive examination of 2D and 3D particle size and shape descriptors. It demonstrates that there is no correlation between size and shape parameters in many sands and that shape descriptors can be reduced to four independent parameters representing sand granulometry at different scales. Additionally, the use of DIA in exploring the depositional history of two complex calcareous sands is presented. The manuscript presents the properties of 30 representative sands, including size and shape parameters, and fits them to statistical distributions. The investigated soils encompass both natural and machine-sorted materials, particles with regular and irregular shapes, as well as siliceous and calcareous sands. Physical granulometry of sand particles is compared using 2D, 3D DIA, and micro-computed tomography (μCT). The work demonstrates that DIA offers significant advantages in terms of efficiency for 3D shape analysis while providing an adequate representation of particle sizes and shapes of most sands. Finally, the manuscript integrates classical geotechnical engineering with computer vision and artificial intelligence. Size and shape descriptors are utilized for sand classification through machine learning models. This work represents a crucial step toward the automatic machine classification of soils, potentially enabling on-site classification using smartphones equipped with high-resolution cameras.
Dynamic Magma Evolution (Geophysical Monograph Series)
by Francesco VetereExplores the complex physico-chemical processes involved in active volcanism and dynamic magmatism Understanding the magmatic processes responsible for the chemical and textural signatures of volcanic products and igneous rocks is crucial for monitoring, forecasting, and mitigating the impacts of volcanic activity. Dynamic Magma Evolution is a compilation of recent geochemical, petrological, physical, and thermodynamic studies. It combines field research, experimental results, theoretical approaches, unconventional and novel techniques, and computational modeling to present the latest developments in the field. Volume highlights include: Crystallization and degassing processes in magmatic environments Bubble and mineral nucleation and growth induced by cooling and decompression Kinetic processes during magma ascent to the surface Magma mixing, mingling, and recharge dynamics Geo-speedometer measurement of volcanic events Changes in magma rheology induced by mineral and volatile content The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.