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Effective Environmental Emergency Responses: A Holistic Response
by Paul A. EricksonThis book focuses on the variety of subsequent consequences that may follow the conclusion of the immediate emergency response effort, consequences that require multi-disciplinary efforts and most likely may require a revamping of the historical interplay of national and other political authorities. The book is essentially a critique of contemporary emergency response which, in both the public perception and, unfortunately, in the mind-set of many practicing professionals emphasizes an emergency as a singular event. It is a mistaken view: an emergency is actually a sequence of multiple, singular events that unfold over time, sometimes measured in days and weeks and, most often, in months, years and decades. This book focuses on the need, in the current and recent past generation to revamp our thinking about planning for and responding comprehensively to those periodic disruptions to daily routine we call "emergencies".
Effective Field Theory for Spontaneously Broken Symmetry (Lecture Notes in Physics #1023)
by Tomáš BraunerThis open access book is about spontaneous symmetry breaking, which is a classic area of theoretical physics that lies at the core of many fascinating phenomena such as ferromagnetism, superfluidity, superconductivity, or the Higgs mechanism. The book brings an up-to-date overview of spontaneous symmetry breaking and of modern effective field theory description thereof. The topics covered include the classification of Nambu–Goldstone bosons, nonlinear realization of internal and spacetime symmetries and the construction of the corresponding effective actions, and selected applications. With in-depth exposition of conceptual foundations and numerous illustrative examples, the book is accessible to anybody having taken a basic course on quantum field theory. It serves as a self-contained text for graduate students and junior researchers in diverse areas of physics, but also as a useful reference for experts.
Effective Forms of Environmental Diplomacy (Routledge Focus on Environment and Sustainability)
by Leila Nicolas Elie KallabThis book holistically covers the issue of environmental diplomacy by building a firm foundation for readers to understand the different dimensions of the topic. The book begins by exploring the progress the world community has made in understanding the importance of diplomacy in preserving the environment for humankind's survival, peace, and security. Then, it critically analyses the existing system of international environmental treaties and highlights its political and legal gaps. It further examines specific case studies on multilateral diplomacy as well as both formal and informal diplomacy in cases from Europe and the United States to evaluate the diplomatic models followed by different stakeholders in the field. Through this case study analysis, the book develops theoretical and empirical frameworks that can be applied to study how international and regional organisations and NGOs maintain and put forward environmental agendas at an international level. It also examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment to highlight the challenges to reach an effective and equitable environmental governance and draw conclusions around effective versus ineffective forms and tools of environmental diplomacy. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental diplomacy and environmental law and governance, as well as practitioners working in this important field.
Effective Non-Hermiticity and Topology in Markovian Quadratic Bosonic Dynamics (Springer Theses)
by Vincent Paul FlynnThis thesis provides an in-depth investigation of effective non-Hermiticity and topology in many-mode, non-interacting, bosonic systems. It also establishes the extent to which one must move beyond the Hamiltonian, closed-system setting, in order to uncover signatures of genuine symmetry-protected topological (SPT) physics in "free" (mean-field) bosons. While SPT phases of free fermionic matter and their associated zero-energy boundary-localized modes have been thoroughly explored, similar physics in free bosonic systems still remains elusive. No fermionic counterpart exists for the distinctive dynamical behavior that arises from the effective non-Hermiticity, intrinsic even at equilibrium, to bosonic Hamiltonians. Therefore, a much needed paradigm shift is required to address major conceptual roadblocks in the search for SPT bosonic phases.The analysis within develops, in particular, the notion of topological metastability in quadratic bosonic systems subject to Markovian dissipation. The resulting dynamical paradigm was found to be characterized by both a sharp separation between transient and asymptotic dynamics and non-trivial topological invariants. It also features long-lived boundary-localized "Majorana boson" and "Dirac boson" modes, which realize tight bosonic analogues to the edge modes characteristic of fermionic SPT phases. This comprehensive look into non-interacting bosonic systems breaks important new ground for re-imagining quantum phenomena beyond equilibrium, with novel applications in quantum science.
Effective Parameters of Hydrogeological Models
by Vikenti GorokhovskiModels of geological objects are tools for interpolation and extrapolation of available data in space and time continuously. Real structures of the objects are unknown, and their models and simulated results carry uncertainty which cannot be evaluated in a provable way. The real issue is obtaining effective predictions in a reasonably defined sense. This requires a knowledge of mechanisms that convert actual geological properties into effective model parameters. These mechanisms are introduced in the book. They reveal that effective parameters are not statistics but characteristics optimizing the system made up by geological surroundings, their models, predictive problem formulations, including mathematical models of the simulated processes, boundary conditions, monitoring networks, criteria of efficiency and even by time. Examples of evaluating and applying transformation for assigning effective parameters and solving inverse problems are presented.
Effective Strategic Sourcing: Drive Performance with Sustainable Strategies for Procurement
by Patrick BarrModern supply chains are enjoying new opportunities for innovation and growth. Build competitive advantage, optimize cost and encourage ethical business practices with the process of strategic sourcing.Effective Strategic Sourcing brings together tools and techniques to develop comprehensive sourcing strategies and drive performance and margin improvement in an ethical, environmentally responsible way. From supplier research and risk analysis to category management and cost modelling, it answers key questions around make versus buy, outsource versus insource and RFI versus RFP.Top supply chain leaders from a range of industries offer their insights and experience in interviews covering the challenges inherent in modern strategic sourcing. The book also focuses on how supply chain and procurement professionals can address sustainability concerns by thinking globally and acting locally and aiming for net-zero carbon footprint sourcing. Learn from the experts and thrive in the 'new normal' with this essential guide to maximising the benefits of strategic sourcing.
Effective Stress and Equilibrium Equation for Soil Mechanics
by Longtan Shao Xiaoxia Guo Shiyi Liu Guofeng ZhengThe concept of effective stress and the effective stress equation is fundamental for establishing the theory of strength and the relationship of stress and strain in soil mechanics and poromechanics. <P><P>However, up till now, the physical meaning of effective stress has not been explained clearly, and the theoretical basis of the effective stress equation has not been proposed. Researchers have not yet reached a common understanding of the feasibility of the concept of effective stress and effective stress equation for unsaturated soils. Effective Stress and Equilibrium Equation for Soil Mechanics discusses the definition of the soil skeleton at first and clarifies that the soil skeleton should include a fraction of pore water. When a free body of soil skeleton is taken to conduct internal force analysis, the stress on the surface of the free body has two parts: one is induced by pore fluid pressure that only includes normal stress; the other is produced by all the other external forces excluding pore fluid pressure. If the effective stress is defined as the soil skeleton stress due to all the external forces excluding pore fluid pressure, the effective stress equation can be easily obtained by the internal force equilibrium analysis. This equation reflects the relationship between the effective stress, total stress and pore fluid pressure, which does not change with the soil property. The effective stress equation of saturated soils and unsaturated soils is unified, i.e., o˜=o˜t –Seuw–(1–Se)ua. For multiphase porous medium, o˜=o˜t –u*,u*=Seiui(i=1,2,...,M). <P><P> In this book, a theoretical formula of the coefficient of permeability for unsaturated soils is derived. The formula of the seepage force is modified based on the equilibrium differential equation of the pore water. The relationship between the effective stress and the shear strength and deformation of unsaturated soils is preliminarily verified. Finally, some possibly controversial problems are discussed to provide a better understanding of the role of the equilibrium equation and the concept of effective stress.
Effective Theories in Physics
by James D. WellsThere is significant interest in the Philosophy of Science community to understand the role that "effective theories" have in the work of forefront science. The ideas of effective theories have been implicit in science for a long time, but have only been articulated well in the last few decades. Since Wilson's renormalization group revolution in the early 1970's, the science community has come to more fully understand its power, and by the mid-1990's it had gained its apotheosis. It is still one of the most powerful concepts in science, which has direct impact in how one thinks about and formulates theories of nature. It is this power that this Brief sets out to emphasize through historical analysis and current examples.
Effective Theories in Physics: From Planetary Orbits to Elementary Particle Masses (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by James D. WellsThis open access book…There is significant interest in the Philosophy of Science community to understand the role that "effective theories" have in the work of forefront science. The ideas of effective theories have been implicit in science for a long time, but have only been articulated well in the last few decades. Since Wilson's renormalization group revolution in the early 1970's, the science community has come to more fully understand its power, and by the mid-1990's it had gained its apotheosis. It is still one of the most powerful concepts in science, which has direct impact in how one thinks about and formulates theories of nature. It is this power that this Brief sets out to emphasize through historical analysis and current examples.This is an open access book.
Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Conserving Biodiversity: A Worldwide Review (Strategies for Sustainability)
by David Rodríguez-Rodríguez Javier Martínez-VegaThis book addresses the effectiveness of existing protected areas at conserving the diversity of genes, species and ecosystems on land and at sea. The book synthetizes the main biodiversity conservation outcomes of protected areas in the 2010-2019 decade, drawing on a systematic literature review of scientific publications and case studies from around the world demonstrating successes and failures. It provides region-specific results for land and sea ecosystems as well as for developed and developing countries. It also reviews current methodological approaches used to assess protected area effectiveness. The work is timely, since there is growing concern on the global biodiversity crisis among researchers, government organizations and the general public, as demonstrated by the 2030 targets established by the UN Sustainable Development Goals for Life Below Water (SDG 14) and Life On land (SDG15). The book is written in an easy and enjoyable style using numerous pictures, tables and graphs to make the content more engaging and understandable. The main intended audiences of the book are academics, from post-graduate students to university lecturers, and senior researchers in the fields of biodiversity conservation, sustainable development and environmental policy, as well as protected area managers and practitioners.
Effects Of Degraded Agent And Munitions Anomalies On Chemical Stockpile Disposal Operations
by Committee on Review Evaluation of the Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal ProgramThe U.S. Army is in the process of destroying its entire stock of chemical weapons. To help with stockpile disposal, the Army’s Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program (CSDP), in 1987, asked the National Research Council (NRC) for scientific and technical advice. This report is one in a series of such prepared by the NRC over the last 16 years in response to that request. It presents an examination of the effect of leaking munitions (leakers) and other anomalies in the stored stockpile on the operation of the chemical agent disposal facilities. The report presents a discussion of potential causes of these anomalies, leaker tracking and analysis issues, risk implications of anomalies, and recommendations for monitoring and containing these anomalies during the remaining life of the stockpile.
The Effects of Globalisation on Firm and Labour Performance (Routledge-ERIA Studies in Development Economics)
by Chin Hee Hahn Dionisius Narjoko Ha Thi Thanh Doan Shujiro UrataThis book examines driving factors and the effects of globalisation on economic development through firm and product-level data. The book is organised into four themes, i.e., productivity, innovation, wage and income gap, and within-firm reallocation of resources. The comprehensiveness and richness of firm and product-level data shed light upon the channels through which trade and investment affect firms’ competitiveness and unveil factors shaping firms’ heterogeneous responses towards globalisation. The book looks at Asian economies as well as Australia and how they have experienced substantial structural change and become more integrated into the global economy and will be a useful reference for those who are interested in learning more about the relationship between globalisation and firm performance. This book will appeal to policy makers and researchers interested in the impact of globalisation on firm performance.
The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II
by Arthur N. Popper Anthony HawkinsThe meeting of Aquatic Noise 2013 will introduce participants to the most recent research data, regulatory issues and thinking about effects of man-made noise and will foster critical cross-disciplinary discussion between the participants. Emphasis will be on the cross-fertilization of ideas and findings across species and noise sources. As with its predecessor, The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life: 3rd International Conference will encourage discussion of the impact of underwater sound, its regulation and mitigation of its effects. With over 100 contributions from leading researchers, a wide range of sources of underwater sound will be considered.
Effects of Non-locality in Gravity and Quantum Theory (Springer Theses)
by Jens BoosThis thesis is devoted to the systematic study of non-local theories that respect Lorentz invariance and are devoid of new, unphysical degrees of freedom. Such theories are attractive for phenomenological applications since they are mostly unconstrained by current experiments. Non-locality has played an increasingly important role in the physics of the last decades, appearing in effective actions in quantum field theory, and arising naturally in string theory and non-commutative geometry. It may even be a necessary ingredient for quantum theories of gravity. It is a feature of quantum entanglement, and may even solve the long-standing black hole information loss problem. “Non-locality” is a broad concept with many promising and fruitful applications in theoretical and mathematical physics. After a historical and pedagogical introduction into the concept of non-locality the author develops the notion of non-local Green functions to study various non-local weak-field problems in quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, gravity, and quantum field theory in curved spacetime. This thesis fills a gap in the literature by providing a self-contained exploration of weak-field effects in non-local theories, thereby establishing a “non-local intuition” which may serve as a stepping stone for studies of the full, non-linear problem of non-locality.
Effects of Past Global Change on Life
by Board on Earth Sciences ResourcesWhat can we expect as global change progresses? Will there be thresholds that trigger sudden shifts in environmental conditions--or that cause catastrophic destruction of life?Effects of Past Global Change on Life explores what earth scientists are learning about the impact of large-scale environmental changes on ancient life--and how these findings may help us resolve today's environmental controversies.Leading authorities discuss historical climate trends and what can be learned from the mass extinctions and other critical periods about the rise and fall of plant and animal species in response to global change. The volume develops a picture of how environmental change has closed some evolutionary doors while opening others--including profound effects on the early members of the human family.An expert panel offers specific recommendations on expanding research and improving investigative tools--and targets historical periods and geological and biological patterns with the most promise of shedding light on future developments.This readable and informative book will be of special interest to professionals in the earth sciences and the environmental community as well as concerned policymakers.
Effects of Trawling and Dredging on Seafloor Habitat
by Committee on Ecosystem Effects of Fishing: Phase 1--Effects of Bottom Trawling on Seafloor HabitatsConcerns over the potential ecological effects of fishing have increased with the expansion of fisheries throughout the marine waters of the United States. Effects of Trawling and Dredging on Seafloor Habitat describes how assessment of fishing impacts depends on gear type, number and location of bottom tows, and the physical and biological characteristics of seafloor habitats. Many experimental studies have documented acute, gear--specific effects of trawling and dredging on various types of habitat. These studies indicate that low mobility, long--lived species are more vulnerable to towed fishing gear than short--lived species in areas where the seabed is often disturbed by natural phenomena. Trawling and dredging may also change the composition and productivity of fish communities dependent on seafloor habitats for food and refuge. The scale of these impacts depends on the level of fishing effort. This volume presents color maps of fishing effort for all regions with significant bottom trawl or dredge fisheries -- the first time that such data has been assembled and analyzed for the entire nation.
Efficient Joint Analysis of Surface Waves and Introduction to Vibration Analysis: Beyond the Clichés
by Giancarlo Dal MoroThis book bridges the gap between theory and practice, showing how a detailed definition of the shear-wave velocity (VS) profile can be efficiently obtained using limited field equipment and following simple acquisition procedures. It demonstrates how surface waves (used to define the VS profile) and vibration data (used to describe the dynamic behaviour of a building) can be recorded using the same equipment, and also highlights common problems, ambiguities and pitfalls that can occur when adopting popular methodologies, which are often based on a series of simplistic assumptions. Today, most national and international building codes take into account a series of parameters aimed at defining the local seismic hazard. Sites are characterised based on the local VS profile, and the dynamic behaviour of existing buildings is defined through the analysis of their eigenmodes. The book includes a series of case studies to help readers gain a deeper understanding of seismic and vibration data and the meaning (pros and cons) of a series of techniques often referred to as MASW, ESAC, SPAC, ReMi, HVSR, MAAM and HS. It also provides access to some of the datasets so that readers can gain a deeper and more concrete understanding of both the theoretical and practical aspects.
Effluent Dye Removal by Microwave-Assisted Activated Carbon (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science)
by Rehab AbdelghaffarThis book explores the potential of advanced microwave techniques, specifically microwave-assisted pyrolysis, for the production, adsorption, and regeneration of activated carbon (AC) as a promising solution to address wastewater pollution caused by dyes. The author begins with a chapter devoted to the environmental implications of water pollution and emphasizes the characteristics of dyes and various treatment techniques for their removal. The advantages and disadvantages of commercially available activated carbon are also discussed, along with the determinants for effective adsorption using high-quality activated carbon. Additionally, the chapter delves into the different types of adsorbents, including agricultural and industrial waste, as well as bioadsorbents such as microorganisms. In Chapter 2, readers will find the latest trends in using microwave techniques for the activation process. In this chapter, the author elucidates the characteristics and mechanism of microwave heating and compares it with conventional heating methods. The advantages of microwave techniques, such as improved activation procedures and the influence of different factors, are explored. Various modeling and optimization approaches for adsorption and different techniques for analyzing the surface chemistry of activated carbons are also discussed. Furthermore, the chapter showcases the applications of microwave-assisted activated carbon for dye removal. The book closes with a chapter devoted to the recycling and regeneration of spent activated carbon (SAC) using microwave techniques. In this chapter, the author examines the procedures for SAC regeneration through microwave-assisted pyrolysis and highlights the advantages over conventional heating methods. The applications of microwave-assisted activated carbon regeneration and other miscellaneous technologies utilizing microwave heating for AC production and SAC regeneration are also explored. Given its breadth, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, professionals, and policymakers in the field of environmental science and engineering.
The Egg Book: See How Baby Animals Hatch, Step By Step!
by DKLearn about the remarkable beginnings of life with this adorable book of baby animals hatching from their eggs.Find out all about how eggs hatch step by step in this fascinating baby animal book for children. Many animals start life inside eggs and this book explores these magical capsules in detail, with stunning photographs of the moment the creatures emerge.Featuring more than 20 animals – including a penguin, a tortoise, and even a slug – this book documents the moment of hatching in detail. Children aged 5-7 can learn how birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates hatch from their eggs, as well as what happens inside an egg&’s shell.This captivating animal book for children features: - A step-by-step account of different types of animals hatching, as well as what an egg is, which animals have eggs, and what is inside an egg.- Introductory pages that explain which animals have eggs and how they work.- Large, detailed photographs show eggs hatching almost in real-time.- A wide range of animals, from birds to amphibians and insects.With expert information, jaw-dropping photography, and a beautifully shiny foil finish, The Egg Book is the ideal gift for any child with a love of nature and baby animals. Children will love to see the biggest egg in the world hatching, find out which animals have jellylike eggs, and which animals&’ egg cases are known as &“mermaids&’ purses&”.
Egypt, Greece and Rome Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean (2nd Edition)
by Charles FreemanEgypt, Greece and Rome is regarded as one of the best general histories of the ancient world. It is written for the general reader and the student coming to the subject for the first time and provides a reliable and highly accessible point of entry to the period. The volume begins with the early civilizations of Sumer (modern Iraq) and continues through to the Islamic invasions and the birth of modern Europe after the collapse of the western Roman empire. The book ranges beyond political history to cover philosophy, art and literature. A wide range of maps, illustrations and photographs complements the text. The second edition incorporates new chapters on the ancient Mediterranean and the Ancient Near East, as well as extended coverage of Egypt.
Egyptian Coastal Lakes and Wetlands: Climate Change and Biodiversity (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #72)
by Abdelazim M. Negm Mohamed Ali Bek Sommer Abdel-FattahThis volume investigates the challenges facing the Egyptian Northern coastal lakes, focusing on the impact of climate change, their biodiversity and sustainable management. Presenting up-to-date research, it covers the following topics: climate change and water quality modeling and their impacts on the sustainability of the lakes; the economic role of the lakes; the use of remote sensing in monitoring; and the biodiversity of the lakes with detailed discussions. Further, management strategies for the sustainable development of these valuable resources are proposed to maintain the lakes sustainability. The book closes with a concise summary of the conclusions and recommendations presented in the preceding chapters. As such, it offers an invaluable resource for the academic community and postgraduate students, as well as for environmental managers and policymakers.
Egyptian Coastal Lakes and Wetlands: Characteristics and Hydrodynamics (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #71)
by Abdelazim M. Negm Mohamed Ali Bek Sommer Abdel-FattahEgyptian coastal lakes and wetlands are among the most productive wetland ecosystems in the world. This volume explores their current status and how it can be maintained and improved. It describes the five Northern coastal lakes, their origin, physical and chemical properties and current development activities, and discusses the challenges facing these lakes, such as shrinking, pollution, degradation, and adaptive management. Further topics include hydrodynamics and modeling techniques, as well as strategies for the sustainable development of these valuable resources. The book closes with a concise summary of the conclusions and recommendations presented in the chapters. As such, it offers an invaluable resource for the academic community and postgraduate students, as well as for environmental managers and policymakers.
Egypt’s Strategy to Meet the Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2030: SDGs Viewed Through the Lens of Egypt’s Strategy and Researchers' Views (Sustainable Development Goals Series)
by El-Sayed E. Omran Abdelazim M. NegmThis book focuses on Egypt as a representative example of emerging economies struggling to achieve their sustainable development goals (SDGs). The Egyptian government has launched Egypt’s Vision 2030 in line with the 2030 Agenda, also known as the Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS), which encompasses the economic, social and environmental dimensions of development. It is under the SDS that all development plans in Egypt are incorporated while at the same time being strongly guided by the SDGs. Aware of the principle of shared but differentiated responsibility, Egypt also recognizes that fundamental challenges remain, despite a strong willingness to achieve the SDGs. High birth rates, brain drain phenomena, water scarcity, migration, discrimination against women and girls, a growing informal sector and instability in neighboring states (especially Libya and Syria) are only some of the many hindrances to sustainable development.In order to address these challenges, Egypt relies heavily on the SDGs, which are aimed at transforming our world. Although there is an urgent need for a drastic change in the way we use the Earth, the question arises as to whether the SDGs are sufficient to facilitate such a transformation. This book explores the key environmentally related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and offers a cutting-edge assessment of current progress with a view to reaching these objectives by 2030. The book highlights some of the key findings and ideas for how research may help achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals in enterprises. The book provides a useful framework that can help and aid the Egyptian government to assess the many goals and targets outlined in the 2030 Agenda. The analysis of Egypt can be used as a blueprint for other developing nations and globally in order to guide policy toward achieving the SDGs. Covering food security, water resilience, climate change, agronomics, rural life, environmental impact assessment as a tool for measuring the achievement of the goals, Egyptian education, the COVID-19 pandemic, cultural and societal dimensions, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of sustainable development and climate change, as well as practitioners and policymakers involved in sustainable development and disaster management.
Eight Bears: Mythic Past And Imperiled Future
by Gloria DickieA global exploration of the eight remaining species of bears—and the dangers they face. Bears have always held a central place in our collective memory, from Indigenous folklore and Greek mythology to nineteenth-century fairytales and the modern toy shop. But as humans and bears come into ever-closer contact, our relationship nears a tipping point. Today, most of the eight remaining bear species are threatened with extinction. Some, such as the panda bear and the polar bear, are icons of the natural world; others, such as the spectacled bear and the sloth bear, are far less known. In Eight Bears, journalist Gloria Dickie embarks on a globe-trotting journey to explore each bear’s story, whisking readers from the cloud forests of the Andes to the ice floes of the Arctic; from the jungles of India to the backwoods of the Rocky Mountain West. She meets with key figures on the frontlines of modern conservation efforts—the head of a rescue center for sun and moon bears freed from bile farms, a biologist known as Papa Panda, who has led China’s panda-breeding efforts for almost four decades, a conservationist retraining a military radar system to detect and track polar bears near towns—to reveal the unparalleled challenges bears face as they contend with a rapidly changing climate and encroaching human populations. Weaving together ecology, history, mythology, and a captivating account of her travels and observations, Dickie offers a closer look at our volatile relationship with these magnificent mammals. Engrossing and deeply reported, Eight Bears delivers a clear warning for what we risk losing if we don’t learn to live alongside the animals that have shaped our cultures, geographies, and stories.
Eighteenth-Century English Labouring-Class Poets, vol 3
by John Goodridge Simon Kövesi David Fairer Tim Burke William ChristmasPoets of labouring class origin were published in Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries. Some were popular and important in their day but few are available today. This is a collection of some of those poems from the 18th century.