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Economic Research Relevant to the Formulation of National Urban Development Strategies: Volume 1 (Routledge Revivals)
by James Douglas McCallum Lowdon Wingo Wilbur Thompson H.W. Richardson Joel Bergsman Peter Greenston Robert Healy Edwin S. Mills Alan W. EvansOriginally published in 1971, this volume contains papers invited for a conference on economic research relevant to national urban development held in September of the same year. The conference pulled together researchers from both the United Kingdom and the United States who were interested in economic research on key issues of both countries’ management of their urban areas. Papers are varied from those in the early stages of research to those whose research has been completed and all provide an insight into the increase of urbanisation present in the first world. This title will be of interest to students of environmental studies and economics.
Economic Resilience and Pandemic Response (Routledge Advances in Regional Economics, Science and Policy)
by Agnieszka Rzepka Artur PaździorThe COVID-19 pandemic upended our social and economic lives. Lockdowns forced firms to implement health and safety protocols, employees to work from home, and businesses of all sorts to close. Even as lockdowns eased, the landscape of work, commerce, leisure, and education was irrevocably transformed. While in many ways life has returned to normal, many of the changes wrought by the pandemic are here to stay. This book presents research on these transformations, examining how the economy and society were impacted. Organizing different aspects of the pandemic into individual chapters, this book examines issues such as financing structures, liquidity, profitmaking, investment, financial security, and market valuation, among other topics. Reflecting deep research as well as an extensive review of the literature, each chapter provides not just theoretical and empirical insight but also a set of policy recommendations to insure against similar crises in the future. Encompassing a range of case studies, it outlines strategies for dealing with the manifold challenges of today’s business environment. This book showcases the development of particular sectors over the course of the pandemic, and as such, serves as a valuable study, enabling a comprehensive analysis of topics ranging from economics to social dynamics. It provides a deep understanding of this unique period's wide-ranging challenges and transformations and underscores the central economic concern of the pandemic's effect on economic security, a topic discussed throughout several chapters. Furthermore, it includes a discussion on the broader scope of “polycrisis". This volume was designed to appeal to a wide range of readers interested in economics, management, regional studies, and related fields.
Economic Risks of Climate Change
by Michael R. Bloomberg Solomon Hsiang Robert Kopp Trevor Houser Kate LarsenClimate change threatens the economy of the United States through increased flooding and storm damage, climate-driven changes in crop yields, disruptions in labor productivity, crime, and public health and heat-related strains on energy systems. Combining current data with state-of-the-art climate models, econometric research on human responses to climate, and cutting-edge private sector risk assessment tools, this prospectus crafts a game-changing analysis of the risks of future climate change in specific U.S. regions and sectors.This work is based on a critically acclaimed independent assessment of climate change's economic risks commissioned by the Risky Business Project. With contributions from Karen Fisher-Vanden (Penn State University), Michael Greenstone (MIT), Geoffrey Heal (Columbia Business School), Michael Oppenheimer (Princeton University), and Nicholas Stern and Bob Ward (Grantham Research Institute), as well as a foreword from the nation's leading voices on environmental action, the prospectus speaks to scientists, researchers, scholars, activists, and policymakers. It depicts the distribution of escalating climate change risk across the country and anticipates its effects on aspects as varied as coastal property and crime. Beautifully illustrated and accessibly written, Economic Risks of Climate Change is an essential tool for helping businesses and governments prepare for the future.
Economic Risks of Climate Change: An American Prospectus
by Trevor Houser Solomon Hsiang Robert Kopp Kate Larsen Michael Delgado Amir Jina Michael Mastrandrea Shashank Mohan Robert Muir-Wood D. J. Rasmussen James Rising Paul WilsonClimate change threatens the economy of the United States in myriad ways, including increased flooding and storm damage, altered crop yields, lost labor productivity, higher crime, reshaped public-health patterns, and strained energy systems, among many other effects. Combining the latest climate models, state-of-the-art econometric research on human responses to climate, and cutting-edge private-sector risk-assessment tools, Economic Risks of Climate Change: An American Prospectus crafts a game-changing profile of the economic risks of climate change in the United States.This prospectus is based on a critically acclaimed independent assessment of the economic risks posed by climate change commissioned by the Risky Business Project. With new contributions from Karen Fisher-Vanden, Michael Greenstone, Geoffrey Heal, Michael Oppenheimer, and Nicholas Stern and Bob Ward, as well as a foreword from Risky Business cochairs Michael Bloomberg, Henry Paulson, and Thomas Steyer, the book speaks to scientists, researchers, scholars, activists, and policy makers. It depicts the distribution of escalating climate-change risk across the country and assesses its effects on aspects of the economy as varied as hurricane damages and violent crime. Beautifully illustrated and accessibly written, this book is an essential tool for helping businesses and governments prepare for the future.
The Economic, Social and Political Elements of Climate Change
by Walter Leal FilhoA unique feature of this book is its strong practice-oriented nature: it contains a wide range of papers dealing with the social, economic and political aspects of climate change, exemplifying the diversity of approaches to climate change management taking place all over the world, in a way never seen before. In addition, the book describes a number of projects and other initiatives happening in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin American and the Australasian region, providing a profile of the diversity of works taking place today.
Economic Spaces of Pastoral Production and Commodity Systems: Markets and Livelihoods (Economic Geography Series)
by Richard Le HeronPastoralism as a land use system is under recognized in terms of its contribution to food provision, livelihoods as well as to human security. This book is the first attempt to explore the dynamics of economic spaces of pastoral production and commodity systems for explicit South and North positionings. It develops and applies a new approach in combining agri-food, market and commodity chain perspectives with livelihood approaches. This enables new understandings of re-aligning exchange relations between the global south and the global north. The case studies presented open up new empirical insights in largely under-researched areas, such as Afghanistan, Chad, Tibet and Siberia and very recent changes in industrialized economies with major pastoral sectors. The book reveals new evidence and theoretical insights about significant changes in established producer-consumer relations in agriculture and food.
The Economic Superorganism: Beyond the Competing Narratives on Energy, Growth, and Policy
by Carey W. KingEnergy drives the economy, economics informs policy, and policy affects social outcomes. Since the oil crises of the 1970s, pundits have debated the validity of this sequence, but most economists and politicians still ignore it. Thus, they delude the public about the underlying influence of energy costs and constraints on economic policies that address such pressing contemporary issues as income inequality, growth, debt, and climate change. To understand why, Carey King explores the scientific and rhetorical basis of the competing narratives both within and between energy technology and economics. Energy and economic discourse seems to mirror Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion: For every narrative there is an equal and opposite counter-narrative. The competing energy narratives pit "drill, baby, drill!" against renewable technologies such as wind and solar. Both claim to provide secure, reliable, clean, and affordable energy to support economic growth with the most benefit to society, but how? To answer this question, we need to understand the competing economic narratives, techno-optimism and techno-realism. Techno-optimism claims that innovation overcomes any physical resource constraints and enables the social outcomes and economic growth we desire. Techno-realism, in contrast, states that no matter what energy technologies we use, feedbacks from physical growth on a finite planet constrain economic growth and create an uneven distribution of social impacts. In The Economic Superorganism, you will discover stories, data, science, and philosophy to guide you through the arguments from competing narratives on energy, growth, and policy. You will be able to distinguish the technically possible from the socially viable, and understand how our future depends on this distinction.
Economic Theories of Exhaustible Resources (Routledge Library Editions: Environmental and Natural Resource Economics)
by T. J. RobinsonOriginally published in 1989. Professor Robinson begins by examining natural resource classification and the nature of return in mining, giving particular emphasis to different sources of long-run price changes in mining and their relevance for user cost and the economic treatment for exhaustible resources. He then traces the development of the economic theory of exhaustible resources from the last quarter of the eighteenth century to the first quarter of the twentieth, documenting the differing views of various authors about the future availability of mineral resources and the extent of user cost involved in their exploitation. He identifies a link between the perceived availability of exhaustible resources and the nature of the economic theory used to explain their exploitation. This book should be of interest to students and researchers of Economic Theory and Policy.
Economic Theory and Sustainable Development: What Can We Preserve for Future Generations? (Routledge Studies in Ecological Economics)
by Vincent MartinetIs development sustainable? When addressing the sustainability issue, decision-makers are faced with two challenges: taking into account conflicting issues, such as economic development and environmental preservation, while also ensuring intergenerational equity. Tackling these challenges amounts to deciding what should be bequeathed to future generations, especially in terms of natural resources.
Economic Thinking and Pollution Problems
by Douglas AuldThe purpose of this collection is to provide the student with an introduction to the way in which the discipline of economics tackles the problems posed in affluent societies by their various 'waste' products. 'Pollution economics' introduces a student to aspects of price economics, public finance, and political economy in relation to a pressing and complex public concern. The work includes a number of Canadian statements on pollution and its control in this country, and gives the text of two recent pieces of legislation on the topic. The selections in this volume present a wide variety of opinions, ideas, and facts about the economic dimension of the ecological crisis. Pollution costs money--pollution abatement also costs money and these costs will have to be paid somehow by some people. The contributors--politicians, businessmen, and professors--explore the problem of pollution and its control as each sees it, and the volume as a whole should help encourage a greater awareness both of economics as a way of thinking and of the difficulties in making the right public policies.
Economic Transformation: Designing a Contemporary Economy (Springer Studies in Alternative Economics)
by Johannes WolfThis book discusses the requirements and preconditions for transforming the economy in order to achieve defined goals while maintaining and utilizing the efficiency of markets. It shows how economic concepts and practices need to be reconsidered and revised in the face of enormous ecological damage and significant economic inequality across much of the world. The book systematizes essential ecological and social targets and presents factors influencing Economic Transformation. Various transformation concepts are discussed with regard to their contribution to adequate economic design and corresponding options for action are developed. Businesses, private households, the state and the commons are involved in these reflections, but also supranational institutions and (civil) society. The ecological compatibility of the economy and the reduction of excessive divergencies in income and wealth are the guiding principles of the overall considerations. In addition, the extent to which the concerns of Economic Transformation are reflected in the government programs of the USA, Great Britain, South Africa and Germany is examined. The book will be of interest to anyone who shares the belief that increasing well-being in a market-oriented society must go hand in hand with ecological compatibility and improved social equity, both globally and within societies.
Economic Trends and Sustainable Environmental Assessment
by Andrew Adewale Alola Festus Victor Bekun Uju Violet AlolaThe book ‘Economic Trends and Sustainable Environmental Assessment’ attempts to x-ray the economic and socioeconomic activities, and cultural or behavioural aspects from the concept of sustainability by employing several related research scenarios spanning the micro-, meso-, and macro-level approaches.Given the increasing awareness of the importance of social, economic, environmental, and even now human sustainability aspects to a sustainable global (present) future, the relevance of the dimensions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) need to be consistently examined. For instance, decades of climate-related disasters which have increasingly endangered humans are the reason for ongoing advanced advocacy, policy, and research towards achieving an environmentally sustainable or net zero emission (NZE) future.Thus, considering the illustration of the theoretical and practical dimensions of the connectedness of the economic and socioeconomic aspects with environmental dimensions, this book should hugely benefit students, researchers, and policymakers to further understand and solve some of the world’s lingering challenges.
Economic Uncertainty in the Post-Pandemic Era: Policy Responses and the Way Forward (Routledge Studies in the Modern World Economy)
by Shilpa Deo Fatma Feyza GündüzThe global economy has experienced many challenges in recent times, particularly in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as dwindling demand, supply chain disruptions, declining growth rates, further pandemic waves, and increasing poverty and inequality to name but a few. Four years after the pandemic, economies are still struggling to achieve sustainable economic growth and development. While much has been written about the impact of COVID-19 on various sectors and economies, this is the first book to underscore the post-COVID global uncertainties that are still occurring on the world stage and further, to present the recent challenges such as geo-political tensions, war, economic disturbances, climate change, the energy crisis in Europe, recession in developed economies and its effect on developing and least developed economies.The book starts by setting the grounds for further discussion of the present challenges as well as future implications. In addition to examining the immediate issues which occurred with the onset of the pandemic, it explores these from the perspective of developed, developing, and least developed countries. The wide-ranging topics covered by the book include the ongoing Russia-Ukraine War, China’s increasing economic dominance in neighbouring countries, the economic collapse of Sri Lanka and Pakistan, the factors that led to the technology layoffs and the future of global employees and economies. The book goes beyond looking at sector-specific factors and broadly outlines country-specific instabilities, policy choices and the way forward.The book will be of interest to students of macroeconomics, development and international economics, and international relations as well as researchers and policymakers.
Economic Valuation of Biodiversity: An Interdisciplinary Conceptual Perspective (Routledge Studies in Biodiversity Politics and Management)
by Bartosz BartkowskiWhile biodiversity loss is an ecological phenomenon, it also has further dimensions – political, social and, last but not least, economic. From the economic perspective, the rapid loss of biological diversity can be viewed in two ways. First, the consequence of this deterioration process is a loss of options and an increase in scarcity of the environmental ‘good’, biodiversity. Second, economic activity and the structure of global and local economic institutions have frequently been identified as the major drivers of biodiversity loss. In economic terms, this constitutes a market failure – market-based economic activities lead to processes which undermine the long-term stability of these very activities. This book provides an ecological economic perspective on the value of diversity in ecosystems. Combining insights from various sub-disciplines of ecology and environmental/ecological economics, the author constructs a conceptual framework which identifies the ways in which biodiversity influences human well-being and offers a novel, unifying perspective on the economic value of biodiversity. This framework demonstrates that biodiversity’s economic value mainly results from uncertainty about the future, regarding both supply of and demand for ecosystem services, and interconnections between ecosystems. The book goes on to identify suitable methods for economic valuation of biodiversity and discusses the currently underdeveloped and underused approach of deliberative monetary valuation. Combining a strong theoretical framework with practical examples, this book will be of great interest to students and researchers of ecological economics, ecosystem services, environmental values and environmental and resource economics.
The Economic Value of Landscapes (Routledge Studies in Ecological Economics)
by C. Martijn van der Heide Wim J.M. HeijmanThis book aims to explore the avenue of landscape economics and provides the building blocks (from different scientific disciplines) for an economic analysis of landscapes. What exactly constitutes and determines the value of a landscape? It focuses on the value of landscapes in its broadest sense, thereby covering a variety of topics including stakeholder involvement in landscape design, landscape governance and landscape perceptions from different countries. Merely saying that landscapes have value or are important is not sufficient – not when resources are scarce and have alternative uses. Measuring and quantifying the economic value of changes in landscapes would help ensure that landscape management decisions are both (economically) rational and sound.
The Economic Value of Water
by Diana C. GibbonsGibbons examines the water supply problem through five case studies. The problems faced by these regions and the methods suggested to overcome them provide excellent models for the entire United States. The case studies---typically, expanding supplies---but economic efficiency principles lead to emphasizing managing the demand. In many cases, this means reducing demand by raising prices.
The Economical Environmentalist: My Attempt to Live a Low-Carbon Life and What it Cost
by Prashant VazeReducing your carbon emissions in an economic down-turn can be challenging, but saving the planet doesn't have to cost you more. Tough economic times need not relegate concerns for the planet to the back burner. The author is an environmental economist trying to live a low-carbon life in London. He worked for 15 years in the UK's Office of Climate Change, the Prime Minister's Strategy Unit and the Department of the Environment. So far so good. But he has kids. A family to visit in India. A hectic job. In distilling and building on his own experience of trying to live a low carbon life, he helps us navigate the choices that confront us all - families, singletons, pensioners - when making decisions about what to eat, what to buy, how to travel and how to keep warm in the era of climate change and economic turmoil. He works out the sums and lets us know which choices will make the biggest difference, and which are false savings. His book is an irreverent but seriously rigorous reference guide to low-cost, low-carbon living for everyone - in any location - in tough times. It's brimming with up-to-date information on current and future technologies, tips and ideas for every budget on how to spend the least for the biggest carbon reduction gain and insight from the experiences of people trying to live low-carbon lives.
The Economics and Business of Sustainability
by Peter N. NemetzGiven the emergence of sustainability as the defining issue of our time, it is essential for university graduates, and especially business and economics students, to have a fundamental grasp of the key issues in this emerging multidisciplinary field of study. Nemetz provides a comprehensive, detailed overview of the interlinked economic and ecological concepts central to this new discipline. Accompanying the introduction of the underlying theory is a broad array of real-world supporting data from Asia, Europe and North America. This volume also features a chapter on the threat of emerging pandemics and their significance for the achievement of a truly sustainable world. This book accentuates the value and importance of a strong sustainability approach in an age of climate change emergency. It is an ideal companion for instructors and students of sustainability in business, economics and related disciplines such as geography and political science.
Economics and Contemporary Land Use Policy: Development and Conservation at the Rural-Urban Fringe
by Robert J. Johnston Stephen K. SwallowAs external forces increase the demand for land conversion, communities are increasingly open to policies that encourage conservation of farm and forest lands. This interest in conservation notwithstanding, the consequences of land-use policy and the drivers of land conversions are often unclear. One of the first books to deal exclusively with the economics of rural-urban sprawl, Economics and Contemporary Land-Use Policy explores the causes and consequences of rapidly accelerating land conversions in urban-fringe areas, as well as implications for effective policy responses. This book emphasizes the critical role of both spatial and economic-ecological interactions in contemporary land use, and the importance of a practical, policy-oriented perspective. Chapters illustrate an interaction of conceptual, theoretical, and empirical approaches to land-use policy and highlight advances in policy-oriented economics associated with the conservation and development of urban-fringe land. Issues addressed include (1) the appropriate role of economics in land-use policy, (2) forecasting and management of land conversion, (3) interactions among land use, property values, and local taxes, and (4) relationships among rural amenities, rural character, and urban-fringe land-use policy. Economics and Contemporary Land-Use Policy is a timely and relevant contribution to the land-use policy debate and will prove an essential reference for policymakers at the local, state, and federal levels. It will also be of interest to students, academics, and anyone with an interest in the practical application of economics to land-use issues.
Economics and Development Studies
by Michael Tribe Frederick Nixson Andy SumnerDevelopment studies textbooks and courses have sometimes tended to avoid significant economic content. However, without an understanding of the economic aspects of international development many of the more complex issues cannot be fully comprehended. Economics and Development Studies makes the economic dimension of discourse around controversial issues in international development accessible to second and third year undergraduate students working towards degrees in development studies. Following an introductory chapter outlining the connections between development economics and development studies, this book consists of eight substantive chapters dealing with the nature of development economics, economic growth and structural change, economic growth and developing countries, economic growth and economic development since 1960, the global economy and the Third World, developing countries and international trade, economics and development policy, and poverty, equality and development economists, with a tenth concluding chapter. This book synthesizes existing development economics literature in order to identify the salient issues and controversies and make them accessible and understandable. The concern is to distinguish differences within the economics profession, and between economists and non-economists, so that the reader can make informed judgments about the sources of these differences, and about their impact on policy analysis and policy advice. The book features explanatory text boxes, tables and diagrams, suggestions for further reading, and a listing of the economic concepts used in the chapters.
Economics and Ecology: United for a Sustainable World (Social Environmental Sustainability)
by Charles R. Beaton Chris MaserThe earth, our home, is in crisis. There are two sides to this crisis-our global economy, and its effect on the ecology of our home planet. Despite conventional thinking that typical monetary and fiscal manipulations will put us back on the path of economic growth, the reality is not that simple. Meanwhile, the natural environment is sending unmist
Economics and Engineering of Unpredictable Events: Modelling, Planning and Policies (Routledge Explorations in Environmental Economics)
by Caterina De LuciaIn recent decades, the intensification of unpredictable events including the Covid-19 outbreak, Brexit, trade warfare, religion-inspired terrorism and civil wars, and climate change has resulted in serious loss of human lives and property, a decrease in biodiversity and natural hazards (with long-term negative impacts on environment), and impeded social and economic development. Economics and Engineering of Unpredictable Events: Modelling, Planning and Policies provides an integrated view of the management of unpredictable events incorporating three major perspectives: economic management, environmental planning and engineering models. Contributors from economics, planning, regional science, and engineering address key questions including; How resilient are human societies and their habitats? What should societies do to shift from being vulnerable to being more resilient? And what role should planning and policies play to protect communities and the natural environment? The chapters cover academic debates, conceptual reflections, case studies, methods, and strategy development with particular reference to mitigation and adaptation in face of unpredictable events. This book is of particular interest to readers of economic policy, urban and regional planning and engineering.
Economics and Episodic Disease: The Benefits of Preventing a Giardiasis Outbreak (Routledge Revivals)
by Winston Harrington Alan J. Krupnick Walter O. Spofford Jr.Originally published in 1991, this study uses the 1983 outbreak of Giardiasis in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania as a case study to explore the social costs of waterborne illnesses to a community. With over 6,000 people affected in that particular case, Economics and Episodic Disease emphasises the importance of Federal and State drinking water standards to protect the population from contamination whilst also commenting how regulations can be applied to other areas within public health as well as how to appraise the damage caused to surface water by the release of hazardous substances. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies.
Economics and Land Use Planning (Routledge Library Editions: Environmental and Natural Resource Economics)
by A. J. HarrisonThe aim of this book, first published in 1977, is to use the tools developed by modern microeconomics to provide a framework for the analysis of policies towards the allocation of land and the control of activities using land. The principle focus of the book is the general justification for intervention in the urban land and property markets, the principles for evaluating such intervention and the proper role of the public sector within the urban economy. It also considers in some detail the practical problems involved in putting these principles into effect.
Economics and Sustainability: Social-Ecological Perspectives
by Karl BruckmeierThis textbook provides an overview of economic perspectives on sustainability. It synthesises economic, ecological and interdisciplinary sustainability research and by applying an integrated social-ecological and economic framework, demonstrates how this research can be improved and implemented in practice. Split into three parts, the book begins by introducing a range of topics forming the basis of knowledge needed to understand the varying sustainability discourses in economics, ecology and interdisciplinary sustainability research. Chapters cover the political context of sustainability; the history of sustainability in European environmental discourses dating back to the seventeenth century; as well as various problems and forms of interdisciplinary knowledge integration and synthesis in the sustainability process. Part II reviews the core economic themes relevant to sustainable development including natural resource management, environmental economics and ecological economics. Also highlighted are often neglected issues such as conflicts, disasters and interrelated crises on the way towards sustainability. The chapters in Part III discuss the future of the sustainability process. They argue for the necessity of overhauling the relationship between science and practice; explore failures and the unforeseen difficulties of sustainability transformation; and discuss how to enable a long term sustainability process that reaches into the distant future.An innovative resource for a broad range of interdisciplinary programmes on sustainability. The book will be an invaluable reference for master and PhD students, instructors, researchers and practitioners in sustainability governance.