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Evolutionary Dynamics of Forests under Climate Change
by Claire G. WilliamsFocusing on the example of the Lost Pines forest of Texas, this book contextualises the present-day conservation of the Lost Pines within its wealth of historical and geological records. This in turn presents a realistic example for examining evolutionary dynamics models and how they can guide management of temperate pine forests under the uncertainty of future climate change. Synthesising knowledge from many scholarly disciplines, and presenting the latest knowledge on how temperate forests respond to climate change, the book provides insight into how resource professionals actually solve complex multi-layered problems. A useful aid for forest management professionals and for advanced students and professionals in ecology, the book is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals, which can also be used as a classroom exercise for spatial imaging, testing virtual simulations and developing field-based research questions.
Evolutionary Ecology of Amphibians
by Gregorio Moreno-Rueda Mar ComasAmphibians are the oldest tetrapod group and show an astonishing diversity in lifestyles, many of them being unique. However, globally, they are on a decline. Hence, their study is fundamental to understanding the evolution of diversity and conserving them. This book, authored by experts from around the world, summarizes the current knowledge on the evolutionary ecology of amphibians. The book treats biological concepts related to the evolution, ecology, physiology, immunology, behaviour, and morphology of amphibians in their different states. This book constitutes an actualized work indispensable for evolutionary ecologists and herpetologists.
Evolutionary Economics: v. 1
by Marc R. ToolThe contributors to this volume focus on the political and value issues that, in their shared view, underlie the global environmental crisis facing us today. They argue that only by transforming our dominant values, social institutions and way of living can we avoid ecological disaster.
Evolutionary History
by Edmund RussellWe tend to see history and evolution springing from separate roots, one grounded in the human world and the other in the natural world. Human beings have, however, become probably the most powerful species shaping evolution today, and human-caused evolution in other species has probably been the most important force shaping human history. This book introduces readers to evolutionary history, a new field that unites history and biology to create a fuller understanding of the past than either can produce on its own. Evolutionary history can stimulate surprising new hypotheses for any field of history and evolutionary biology. How many art historians would have guessed that sculpture encouraged the evolution of tuskless elephants? How many biologists would have predicted that human poverty would accelerate animal evolution? How many military historians would have suspected that plant evolution would convert a counter-insurgency strategy into a rebel subsidy? With examples from around the globe, this book will help readers see the broadest patterns of history and the details of their own life in a new light.
Evolutionary Process of a Steep Rocky Reservoir Bank in a Dynamic Mechanical Environment
by Wengang Zhang Luqi WangTo prevent the collapse of dangerous rock masses on steep rocky reservoir banks which can cause casualties and property loss, it is essential to design and conduct practical experiments to quantify the evolution processes of the reservoir banks and control such dangerous rock masses. Using the Jianchuandong Dangerous Rock Mass project as a case study, this book generalizes the mechanical model of the project to show how improved equipment can be used to measure the mechanical state transition under the continuous action of axial pressure. It details a series of experiments to study the evolution of a severely steep rocky reservoir bank, which comprehensively consider the influence of hydraulic coupling, dry-wet cycles, axial pressure, and time-dependent effects. The results support a new method for determining the stability of dangerous rock masses on reservoir banks. Combines engineering principles, real data, experimental methods and results Provides a complete research method for investigating hydrogeology failure processes The book suits practitioners in hydropower engineering, engineering geology, and disaster protection.
Evolutions in Sustainable Investing
by Cary Krosinsky Nick Robins Stephen ViedermanSustainable Investing is fast becoming an essential method of generating long-term returns, moving beyond the negative approaches to socially responsible investing that have dominated the field. This book, our second on the subject, provides over 15 case studies of leading global investors and companies demonstrating how they successfully apply sustainability aspects to their core strategies. Learn from prominent thought leaders Dan Esty and Paul Hawken among others who have contributed key chapters. Our chapter on performance shows clearly how these strategies have been working once negative approaches are parsed out by those examining fund returns. This book also examines in great depth what data exists, and what's on the horizon, to best measure & capture sustainability successfully. Regional perspectives, including 3 chapters on Asia, and focuses on Canada, Australia, Africa & India are also included, as is a look across asset classes. Sustainable Investing, when performed with a positive perspective, has been outperforming the mainstream, unlike negative approaches designed to match benchmark returns. From eco-efficiency to sustainability-driven innovation and beyond, investors of all shapes & sizes need to know how best to position themselves for the radical market shifts underway.
Evolving Narratives of Hazard and Risk: The Gorkha Earthquake, Nepal 2015
by Tom Robinson Louise Bracken Hanna A. RuszczykThis book presents a range of academic research and personal reflections on the Gorkha earthquake that struck Nepal in 2015. For the first time, perspectives from geography, disaster risk reduction, cultural heritage protection, archaeology, anthropology, social work, health and emergency response are discussed in a single volume. Contributions are included from practitioners and researchers from Nepal and Durham University in the UK, many of whom were in Nepal at the time of the earthquake.Evolving Narratives of Hazard and Risk explores the event of the earthquake, its consequences and its impacts, to provide a holistic and multi-perspective understanding of this special hazard and its significant ramifications for social, political, economic and cultural aspects of life in Nepal. The book highlights how these multiple perspectives are needed to inform each other in order to develop and shape new ways of thinking and interacting with environmental hazards. This collection of works will be of interest to students and academics of Environment Studies, Human Geography and Environmental Policy, and will be of particular relevance to those involved in risk research and managing risk and hazard events.
Evolving Theories on the Origin of the Moon: Studies On The Origin Of The Moon (Historical & Cultural Astronomy)
by Warren D. CummingsThis book follows the development of research on the origin of the Moon from the late 18th century to the present. By gathering together the major texts, papers, and events of the time, it provides a thorough chronicle of the paradigmatic shift in planetary science that arose from the notion that the Earth-Moon system was formed from two colliding planetary bodies.The book covers pre-Apollo ideas, the conceptual evolution during and subsequent to the Apollo explorations of the Moon, and the development of the Earth-Moon system consensus.A plethora of excerpts from key publications are included to demonstrate the shift in scientific focus over the centuries.Through its comprehensive review of lunar science research and literature, this book shows how new technologies and discoveries catalyzed the community and revolutionized our understanding of the Moon’s formation.
Ex Situ Plant Conservation: Supporting Species Survival In The Wild (Science Practice Ecological Restoration #3)
by Peter H. Raven Kayri Havens Center for Plant Conservation Edward O. Guerrant Michael MaunderFaced with widespread and devastating loss of biodiversity in wild habitats, scientists have developed innovative strategies for studying and protecting targeted plant and animal species in "off-site" facilities such as botanic gardens and zoos. Such ex situ work is an increasingly important component of conservation and restoration efforts. Ex Situ Plant Conservation, edited by Edward O. Guerrant Jr., Kayri Havens, and Mike Maunder, is the first book to address integrated plant conservation strategies and to examine the scientific, technical, and strategic bases of the ex situ approach. The book examines where and how ex situ investment can best support in situ conservation. Ex Situ Plant Conservation outlines the role, value, and limits of ex situ conservation as well as updating best management practices for the field, and is an invaluable resource for plant conservation practitioners at botanic gardens, zoos, and other conservation organizations; students and faculty in conservation biology and related fields; managers of protected areas and other public and private lands; and policymakers and members of the international community concerned with species conservation.
Exact Solutions and Invariant Subspaces of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations in Mechanics and Physics
by Victor A. Galaktionov Sergey R. SvirshchevskiiExact Solutions and Invariant Subspaces of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations in Mechanics and Physics is the first book to provide a systematic construction of exact solutions via linear invariant subspaces for nonlinear differential operators. Acting as a guide to nonlinear evolution equations and models from physics and mechanics, the book
Exact Space-Time Models of Gravitational Waves (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Dirk Puetzfeld Peter A. HoganThe book is about exact space-time models of the gravitational fields produced by gravitational radiation. The authors’ extensive work in the field is reviewed in order to stimulate the study of such models, that have been known for a long time, and to highlight interesting physical aspects of the existing models in some novel detail. There is an underlying simplicity to the gravitational radiation studied in this book. Apart from the basic assumption that the radiation has clearly identifiable wave fronts, the gravitational waves studied are directly analogous to electromagnetic waves. The book is meant for advanced students and researchers who have a knowledge of general relativity sufficient to carry out research in the field.
Exactly Solvable Models of Biological Invasion (Chapman & Hall/CRC Mathematical Biology Series)
by Sergei V. Petrovskii Bai-Lian LiMuch of our current knowledge on biological invasion was derived from field studies, but many recent advances relied heavily on mathematics and computing, particularly mathematical modeling. While numerical simulations are clearly a useful approach, they have some serious drawbacks. Approximations errors and the number of parameter values can have
Exactly Solved Models in Statistical Mechanics
by Rodney J. BaxterThis text explores the solution of two-dimensional lattice models. Topics include basic statistical mechanics, Ising models, the mean field model, the spherical model, ice-type models, corner transfer matrices, hard hexagonal models, and elliptic functions. The author has updated the 1989 version with a new chapter, "Subsequent Developments," for the 2007 edition.
Excessive Inequality and Socio-Economic Progress (The Dynamics of Economic Space)
by Dalia Štreimikienė Ona Gražina Rakauskienė Lina VolodzkienėThe growing inequality in the global economy across the planet is reaching unprecedented levels. This book seeks to develop frameworks for the assessment of excessive inequality and its impact on social-economic progress and sustainable development. It begins by summarizing the theoretical approaches of economic inequality, its specificity, and questioning what economic inequality really is and how it progresses. Next, the book explores issues of methodology for addressing the growing excessive economic inequality. It then applies these concepts to examine inequality across a range of the European Union (EU) countries. A variety of factors are considered, such as the impact of economic inequality on socio-economic progress, when normal inequality turns into excessive inequality, and its impact on economic growth, quality of life, and the environmental sustainability across different groups.
Excursions in Ill-Condensed Quantum Matter: From Amorphous Topological Insulators to Fractional Spins (Springer Theses)
by Adhip AgarwalaImpurities, disorder or amorphous systems – ill-condensed matter – are mostly considered inconveniences in the study of materials, which is otherwise heavily based on idealized perfect crystals. The Kondo effect and the scaling theory of localization are among the fundamental and early discoveries which revealed the novelty hidden in impure or disordered systems. Recent advances in condensed matter physics have emphasized the role of topology, spin-orbit coupling, and certain discrete symmetries such as time reversal in many physical phenomena. These have irreversibly transformed the essential ideas and purview of condensed matter physics, both in theoretical and experimental directions. However, many of these recent developments and their implications are limited to, or by, ideas that pertain to clean systems. This thesis deals with various aspects of these new developments, but in the case of unclean systems. The author introduces new ideas such as amorphous topological insulators, fractalized metals and fractionalized spins.
Executive Design of the Façade Systems: Typologies and Technologies of the Advanced Building Envelopes (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Ingrid Paoletti Massimiliano NastriThe book examines the typological and technological constitution of the principal advanced façade systems in the contemporary design and experimental scenario, proposing itself as a knowledge and operational tool currently lacking in the technical literature of the sector at an international level. It considers the field of advanced façade systems in a scientific way, constituting a support for the study and the executive design. The book investigates in detail, in an analytical form, the constitution of the components on a typological and geometrical, functional and constructive level, on the basis of the documents and knowledges acquired from the essential contemporary production and construction references. At the same time, the book is configured in a handbook form as a reference for understanding and application with respect to traditional and complex façade systems. For each main type of façade, the book provides explanations and scientific information for investigating and designing the advanced façades according to the characteristics of the mullions and transoms façade system (stick system), of the structural sealant glazing façade system, of the unit façade system, of the suspended façade system and of the double-skin façade system.
Exemplary Practices in Marine Science Education: A Resource for Practitioners and Researchers
by Géraldine Fauville Diana L. Payne Meghan E. Marrero Annika Lantz-Andersson Fiona CrouchThis edited volume is the premier book dedicated exclusively to marine science education and improving ocean literacy, aiming to showcase exemplary practices in marine science education and educational research in this field on a global scale. It informs, inspires, and provides an intellectual forum for practitioners and researchers in this particular context. Subject areas include sections on marine science education in formal, informal and community settings. This book will be useful to marine science education practitioners (e.g. formal and informal educators) and researchers (both education and science).
Exercises and Problems in Mathematical Methods of Physics (Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics)
by Giampaolo CicognaThis book is the second edition, whose original mission was to offer a new approach for students wishing to better understand the mathematical tenets that underlie the study of physics. This mission is retained in this book.The structure of the book is one that keeps pedagogical principles in mind at every level. Not only are the chapters sequenced in such a way as to guide the reader down a clear path that stretches throughout the book, but all individual sections and subsections are also laid out so that the material they address becomes progressively more complex along with the reader's ability to comprehend it. This book not only improves upon the first in many details, but it also fills in some gaps that were left open by this and other books on similar topics. The 350 problems presented here are accompanied by answers which now include a greater amount of detail and additional guidance for arriving at the solutions. In this way, the mathematical underpinnings of the relevant physics topics are made as easy to absorb as possible.
Exercises for Weather & Climate
by Greg CarboneExercises for Weather & Climate encourages readers to review important ideas and concepts of meteorology through problem solving, simulations, and guided thinking. Available for use standalone or with Pearson’s introductory meteorology textbooks, the graphics program and computer-based simulations and tutorials help readers grasp key meteorology concepts. Now with integrated links to mobile-enabled Pre-Lab Videos, and assignable Pre- and Post-Lab quizzes in MasteringMeteorology, this manual and technology program is designed to complement any introductory meteorology or weather and climate course.
Exercises in Applied Mathematics: With a View toward Information Theory, Machine Learning, Wavelets, and Statistical Physics (Chapman Mathematical Notes)
by Daniel AlpayThis text presents a collection of mathematical exercises with the aim of guiding readers to study topics in statistical physics, equilibrium thermodynamics, information theory, and their various connections. It explores essential tools from linear algebra, elementary functional analysis, and probability theory in detail and demonstrates their applications in topics such as entropy, machine learning, error-correcting codes, and quantum channels. The theory of communication and signal theory are also in the background, and many exercises have been chosen from the theory of wavelets and machine learning. Exercises are selected from a number of different domains, both theoretical and more applied. Notes and other remarks provide motivation for the exercises, and hints and full solutions are given for many. For senior undergraduate and beginning graduate students majoring in mathematics, physics, or engineering, this text will serve as a valuable guide as theymove on to more advanced work.
Exercises in Electricity and Magnetism: 100 Examples and 400 Exercises
by Teruo MatsushitaThis book covers a great variety of problems on electricity and magnetism described in the textbook, "Electricity and Magnetism", in which superconductors are classified as one kind of magnetic materials. These problems will be helpful for a deeper understanding of the E-B analogy through a comparison between static electric and magnetic phenomena. Additionally, the usefulness of the vector potential is widely introduced. For example, the vector potential is directly used to determine the induced electromotive force. The author provides various exercises that are not covered in the textbook. The Poynting vector is useful for understanding the energy flow into capacitors or transmission lines during a charging process or into resistors during a dissipation process. A comparison between normal conducting and superconducting transmission lines shows a clear difference in the energy flow, although the final stored magnetic energy is the same. The electromagnetic potential of electromagnetic transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves in a waveguide also presents an interesting difference: The electric potential is zero in one case and non-zero in the other case. The reason for such a difference is explored. The relationship between the electric charge and electric current induced on the conductor surface is investigated for an electromagnetic wave in a waveguide or for that reflected on a conductor surface. This exercise book can be used together with the textbook 'Electricity and Magnetism' by the same author.
Exercises in Physical Geology (12th Edition)
by W. Kenneth Hamblin James D. HowardThis lab manual represents by far the best collection of photos of rocks and minerals-and one of the best compilations of exercises-available. With exercises using maps, aerial photos, satellite imagery, and other materials, this classic manual encompasses all the major geologic processes as well as the identification of rocks and minerals. The book is very useful for lab courses in Physical Geology.
Exercising Your Ethics: Bringing Moral Strength to Business
by Leslie E. SekerkaThrough a witty and engaging style the author invites readers to consider their character authenticity at work. The book is for people who want to do the right thing, but may not be sure what that means, how to go about it, or how to withstand the forces that may push them away from wanting to be ethical. In a world that seems to reward winning, regardless of how it is achieved, we need a clearer reason for wanting to be and become our best selves. Poking fun at the ironies and hypocrisies of human behavior, Exercising Your Ethics prompts you to leverage techniques that will help you become more deliberate about choosing value-driven actions. Exercising Your Ethics explains the messy business of workplace ethics in a way that is relatable and relevant. Readers will learn to build moral strength and encourage its development in others, while also recognizing moral vulnerability traps. It is an ideal resource for adult business education and training in academic or organizational settings. Educators, HR professionals, team leaders, coaches, and trainers will find the book a guide for competency development and as a way to prompt reflective discourse. Illustrator Ralph Underhill produces cartoons for a diverse number of social and environmental movements. He has a particular interest in using artistic communications to motivate positive change.
Exergy Analysis of the Air Handling Unit at Variable Reference Temperature: Methodology and Results
by Vytautas Martinaitis Giedrė Streckienė Juozas BielskusThis book explore how exergy analysis can be an important tool for assessing the sustainability of buildings.Building's account or around 40 percent of total energy conditions depending on local climatic conditions. Due to its nature, exergy analysis should become a valuable tool for the assessment of building sustainability, first of all considering their scope and the dependence of their energy demands on the local environmental and climatic conditions.Nonetheless, methodological bottlenecks do exist and a solution to some of them is proposed in this monograph. First and foremost, there is the still-missing thermodynamically viable method to apply the variable reference environment temperature in exergy analysis. The monograph demonstrates that a correct approach to the directions of heat exergy flows, when the reference temperature is considered variable, allows reflecting the specifics of energy transformation processes in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems in a thermodynamically viable way. The outcome of the case analysis, which involved coordinated application of methodologies based on the Carnot factor and coenthalpies, was exergy analysis indicators – exergy efficiency and exergy destroyed – obtained for air handling units and their components. These methods can be used for the purposes of analysing and improving building technical systems that, as a rule, operate at a variable environment temperature. Exergy analysis becomes more reliable in designing dynamic models of such systems and their exergy-based control algorithms. This would improve the possibility to deploy them in building information modelling (BIM) technologies and the application of life cycle analysis (LCA) principles in designing buildings, thus improving the quality of the decision-making process. Furthermore, this would benefit other systems where variable reference environment plays a key role.This book is relevant to academics, students and researchers in the field of thermodynamic analysis considering HVAC equipment, building energy systems, energy efficiency, sustainable development of technical systems of energy, mechanics, and construction, as well as preservation of natural resources. Planners, designers, engineers of HVAC equipment, building energy systems, and developers of appropriate simulation tools (e.g., BIM) will also find it of use.
Exkursionen und Exkursionsdidaktik in der Hochschullehre: Erprobte und reproduzierbare Lehr- und Lernkonzepte
by Astrid Seckelmann Angela HofWelche Möglichkeiten gibt es, jenseits von klassischen Führungen Wissen zu vermitteln? Wie motiviere ich erwachsene Lernende zum Mitarbeiten auf einer Exkursion? Welche Kompetenzen kann ich im Gelände schulen? Das vorliegende Buch bietet Ihnen systematische, lehr- und lerntheoretische fundierte Arbeitshilfen für die Vorbereitung und Durchführung von Exkursionen, zudem Anregungen für die Exkursionsgestaltung in verschiedenen Arbeitsbereichen. Es zeigt auf, wie didaktische Möglichkeiten mit institutionellen Gegebenheiten in Einklang gebracht werden können. Sie erfahren, wie die unterschiedlichen Optionen, einen Raum zu begehen, die Umwelt zu interpretieren oder kulturelle Praktiken zu erkennen in eine strukturierte, zielorientierte Lehrveranstaltung umgesetzt werden können. Das Buch eröffnet Ihnen eine breite Palette innovativer Zugänge zu Exkursionen und liefert dazu konkrete Beispiele für Lehr- und Lernmaterialien. Praktische Tipps zu Voraussetzungen, Kosten, Vorbereitungs-, Durchführungs- und Nachbereitungsaufwand runden die Beiträge ab und geben Ihnen eine optimale Starthilfe für die Konzeption, Planung und Durchführung eigener Exkursionen.