- Table View
- List View
The Music Producer's Ultimate Guide to FL Studio 20: Create production-quality music with FL Studio
by Joshua Au-YeungLeverage the power of FL Studio 20 to create and compose production-quality songs and develop professional music production skillsKey FeaturesLeverage the power of FL Studio to create your own production-level musicDevelop widely applicable music production skills and learn how to promote your musicUtilize cutting-edge tools to fuel your creative ideas and publish your songsBook DescriptionFL Studio is a cutting-edge software music production environment and an extremely powerful and easy-to-use tool for creating music. This book will give you everything you need to produce music with FL Studio like a professional.You'll begin by exploring FL Studio 20's vast array of tools, and discover best practices, tips, and tricks for creating music. You'll then learn how to set up your studio environment, create a beat, compose a melody and chord progression, mix sounds with effects, and export songs. As you advance, you'll find out how to use tools such as the Piano roll, mixer console, audio envelopes, types of compression, equalizers, vocoders, vocal chops, and tools for increasing stereo width. The book introduces you to mixing best practices, and shows you how to master your songs. Along the way, you'll explore glitch effects and create your own instruments and custom-designed effect chains. You'll also cover ZGameEditor Visualizer, a tool used for creating reactive visuals for your songs. Finally, you'll learn how to register, sell, and promote your music.By the end of this FL Studio book, you'll be able to utilize cutting-edge tools to fuel your creative ideas, mix music effectively, and publish your songs.What you will learnGet up and running with FL Studio 20Record live instruments and vocals and process themCompose melodies and chord progressions on the Piano rollDiscover mixing techniques and apply effects to your tracksExplore best practices to produce music like a professionalPublish songs in online stores and promote your music effectivelyWho this book is forThis book is for music producers, composers, songwriters, DJs, and audio engineers interested in creating their own music, improving music production skills, mixing and mastering music, and selling songs online. To get started with this book, all you need is a computer and FL Studio.
Music Production Cultures: Perspectives on Popular Music Pedagogy in Higher Education (Perspectives on Education in Audio & Music Production)
by Brendan AnthonyMusic Production Cultures draws on interviews with international educators, surveys completed by students of music production from around the globe, doctoral research findings and contextualised career experiences from the author as a celebrated music producer to explore how effective learning environments can be created for popular music production in higher education. Acknowledging the musical, technological and social diversity in global popular music production practice, this book highlights the integral elements that educators and their institutions must consider in order to provide high-quality and relevant education for the students of today and into the future. Offering concepts, approaches and practices to be integrated into diverse music production pedagogical frameworks in higher education, this book considers the pedagogical approaches and goals that bridge music production education to the industry, using examples and insights from international educators throughout as well as lesson plan examples for instructors. Music Production Cultures develops a foundation of practice to inform teachers designing equitable, diverse and inclusive pedagogies that are dependent on the musical, cultural and social influences of their students. This is an invaluable resource for educators and researchers in the area of audio education looking to develop their pedagogical strategies.
Music Publishing: The Roadmap to Royalties
by Ron Sobel Dick WeissmanMusic Publishing covers the basics of how a composition is copyrighted, published, and promoted. Publishing in the music business goes far beyond the physical sheet--it includes live performance and mechanical (recording) rights, and income streams from licensing deals of various kinds. A single song can generate over thirty different royalty streams, and a writer must know how these royalties are calculated and who controls the flow of the money. Taking a practical approach, the authors -- one a successful music publisher and attorney, the other a songwriter and music business professor -- explain in simple terms the basic concept of copyright law as it pertains to compositions. Throughout, they give practical examples from "real world" situations that illuminate both potential pitfalls and possible upsides for the working composers.
Music Research: A Handbook , Third Edition
by Laurie SampselConcise and practical, Music Research introduces students to the major print and electronic research tools available to them. This unique handbook does not aim to provide an exhaustive introduction to the subject; rather, it is highly selective and guides students to the most significant English-language research tools and resources, reference titles in major areas, and principal sources in French, German, Italian, and Spanish. Now updated to reflect the growing emphasis on the digital humanities, this is the perfect guide for 21st century music scholars. The text is supplemented by a comprehensive Companion Website that includes supplement links, updates to available bibliographies and readings by chapter, research tools listed by composer, and lists of core music journals and major professional music associations.
Music Schools in Changing Societies: How Collaborative Professionalism Can Transform Music Education (ISME Series in Music Education)
by Michaela Hahn, Cecilia Björk, and Heidi WesterlundMusic Schools in Changing Societies addresses the need to understand instrumental and vocal pedagogy beyond the individual sphere of teacher–student interactions and psychological phenomena, focusing instead on the wider sociocultural, spatial, and institutional contexts of music education. Viewing music education through the perspective of collaboration, the book focuses on the context of European music schools, which have developed a central role in publicly funded educational and cultural systems. The authors demonstrate that multilevel collaboration is a vital part of how music educators and the schools where they work can respond to wider societal concerns in ways that improve educational quality. Presenting examples of innovative practices and collaborative settings from twelve European countries, this book offers new and inspiring perspectives on how music schools can support the transformation towards collaborative professionalism in instrumental and vocal music education. With contributions from a wide range of researchers and professional educators, the book shows how a collaborative approach to music education can address major policy issues such as inclusion, democracy, and sustainability. Addressing current institutional and curricular challenges, Music Schools in Changing Societies presents a unique outlook on how music schools in contemporary societies can survive and thrive in times of change.
Music Since 1900: Performance Practice in the Music of Steve Reich
by Russell HartenbergerPerformance Practice in the Music of Steve Reich provides a performer's perspective on Steve Reich's compositions from his iconic minimalist work, Drumming, to his masterpiece, Music for 18 Musicians. It addresses performance issues encountered by the musicians in Reich's original ensemble and the techniques they developed to bring his compositions to life. Drawing comparisons with West African drumming and other non-Western music, the book highlights ideas that are helpful in the understanding and performance of rhythm in all pulse-based music. Through conversations and interviews with the author, Reich discusses his percussion background and his thoughts about rhythm in relation to the music of Ghana, Bali, India, and jazz. He explains how he used rhythm in his early compositions, the time feel he wants in his music, the kind of performer who seems to be drawn to his music, and the way perceptual and metrical ambiguity create interest in repetitive music.
Music: A Social Experience
by Steven Cornelius Mary NatvigBy taking a thematic approach to the study of music appreciation, Music: A Social Experience, Third Edition demonstrates how music reflects and deepens both individual and cultural understandings. Musical examples are presented within universally experienced social frameworks (ethnicity, gender, spirituality, love, and more) to help students understand how music reflects and advances human experience. Students engage with multiple genres (Western art music, popular music, and world music) through lively narratives and innovative activities. A companion website features streaming audio and instructors' resources. The third edition includes: A chapter on Black American music A revised and developed chapter on gender and sexuality A dozen additional Listening Guides, with an emphasis on contemporary popular music Over 100 new full-color images Updated teacher and student resources on the book’s companion website Expanded content throughout, highlighting the social, cultural, and technological changes since publication of the previous edition The culmination of thirty years of experimentation in the music appreciation classroom, this third edition of Music: A Social Experience continues to empower lifelong musical learning by engaging students and readers on their own terms.
Music, Sound and Sensation: A Modern Exposition
by Fritz WinckelRelated closely to the field of physical acoustics is that of psychoacoustics, which deals with the phenomena of musical hearing from a psychological and aesthetic point of view. One of the major contributors to our understanding of the subject is Fritz Winckel. When this book first appeared in German in 1960, reviewers pressed for an English translation. This Dover volume is an answer to that demand: it makes Professor "Winckel's important study generally available to English-language readers for the very first time." It has been extensively revised and updated by the author.In his thought-provoking study, Professor Winckel applies the findings of technical researches in acoustics to the practice of music, covering many different aspects of recent psychoacoustical researches: the evaluation of loudness and the dissolution power of the car; the influence of the acoustical properties of the concert hall on the hearing process; the function of time variation and rhythm in musical perception; the evaluation of the sound spectrum including the unharmonic components. He surveys extensively the German and English literature in the field, organizing his information into chapters on stationary sound, the onset behavior of sound, the concept of space, the concept of time, the evaluation of sound through the hearing mechanism, unclarity in musical structures, simultaneously sounding tones, electroacoustic sound structure, and the effect of music on the listener.This book should prove equally useful to acousticians, sound engineers, and others working in this area of applied physics and to composers, performers, and musicologists concerned with the technical aspects of music. Psychologists working in the field of sense perception will also find much of value here.New translation by Thomas Binkley of the 1960 German edition of Phänomene des musikalischen Hörens, with revisions and corrections by the author.
Music, Sound and Vibration in Special Education: How to Enrich Your Specialist Setting
by Ange AndersonThis book provides practical guidance on how to successfully incorporate music, sound and vibration into your special school, exploring the rich benefits that musical opportunities offer for children with physical, mental health and learning disabilities. Music has been shown to improve mood, lift depression, improve blood flow and even ease pain, whilst musical interventions can encourage communication and enable relaxation. This book explores the physical, cognitive and mental health benefits of music use in special schools, introducing therapies and innovations that can be adapted for use in your own specialist setting. Key features include: • Chapters exploring a range of music therapies and technologies that allow all students to access the benefits of music, sound and vibration, from one-to-one therapeutic music sessions to vibro-acoustic therapy and sing and sign • Case studies and anecdotes showcasing the innovative ways that special schools are using music, and providing concrete examples of how to deliver, record and access music provision • Photocopiable policies, risk assessments and links to useful resources Written by an author with a wealth of experience in special education, this book is essential reading for all those working in specialist settings or with children with SEND.
Music Studies and Its Moment of Truth: CMS Emerging Fields in Music (CMS Emerging Fields in Music)
by Edward SarathMusic Studies and Its Moment of Truth: Leading Change through America’s Black Music Roots presents a new framework for racial justice discourse in the context of music studies and education. Centering on Black American Music, the book issues challenges to both the conventional music studies paradigm and decades-old reform efforts. While Black American Music ranks high among America’s contributions to world culture, and offers musicians powerful tools for musical practice and understanding, this musical legacy remains remarkably marginalized even in activist conversations. The author argues that this reflects lingering and unexamined racist patterns that persist even among the most fervent voices for anti-racist interventions, and addresses the need for a higher-order activist framework within music studies. Delving further into the transformative changes needed to pursue racial justice, the short pieces collected in this book discuss topics including a shift from multicultural ideology to a transcultural model of musical pluralism, analysis of the multi-tiered nature of musical racism, the whitewashing of music studies activism, K-12 music teacher education as the locus for paradigmatic change and the potential for a transformed model of music studies to catalyze an overarching revolution in creativity and consciousness in both education and society at large. Critiquing the failures of progressive reform efforts and conventional reaction, this book argues that major changes are needed to the discourse on racism in music studies, and envisions new paradigms for the future.
Music Studies and Its Moment of Truth: CMS Emerging Fields in Music (CMS Emerging Fields in Music)
by Edward SarathMusic Studies and Its Moment of Truth: Leading Change through America’s Black Music Roots presents a new framework for racial justice discourse in the context of music studies and education. Centering on Black American Music, the book issues challenges to both the conventional music studies paradigm and decades-old reform efforts.While Black American Music ranks high among America’s contributions to world culture, and offers musicians powerful tools for musical practice and understanding, this musical legacy remains remarkably marginalized even in activist conversations. The author argues that this reflects lingering and unexamined racist patterns that persist even among the most fervent voices for anti-racist interventions, and addresses the need for a higher-order activist framework within music studies.Delving further into the transformative changes needed to pursue racial justice, the short pieces collected in this book discuss topics including a shift from multicultural ideology to a transcultural model of musical pluralism, analysis of the multi-tiered nature of musical racism, the whitewashing of music studies activism, K-12 music teacher education as the locus for paradigmatic change and the potential for a transformed model of music studies to catalyze an overarching revolution in creativity and consciousness in both education and society at large. Critiquing the failures of progressive reform efforts and conventional reaction, this book argues that major changes are needed to the discourse on racism in music studies, and envisions new paradigms for the future.
The Music Teacher from the Black Lagoon (Black Lagoon Adventures)
by Mike ThalerIt's another scary day at the Black Lagoon. . . .Join Hubie once again as he faces his comically horrific fears during his first day of music class. Featuring a Valkyrie/Viking teacher who comes armed with a pitchfork, a laser baton, and a prison called Sing-Sing, this story is sure to amuse and quell fears of new experiences at the same time!
Music Teachers' Values and Beliefs
by Rachael DwyerIn Music Teachers' Values and Beliefs, Dwyer investigates the relationships between teachers, learners and music in music classrooms. Using Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and doxa as an interpretive lens, the book explores the values and beliefs of four music teachers, depicted in richly detailed narratives. The narratives are contextualised through the examination of traditions of music and contemporary approaches. In the past, music education has been shaped by elitist tendencies regarding the types of music worthy of study, the ways in which music should be learnt, and the purpose of such learning. Contemporary approaches to music education have enacted significant change in some regions and systems, while others have been slower to leave behind deeply entrenched values, beliefs and practices. These approaches have been blamed for low rates of participation and engagement in school music education, despite the fact that the majority of young people listen to and enjoy music outside of school. This innovative book provides music education researchers and practitioners with a new understanding of the impact of teachers' personal values, beliefs and experiences of music and music education on classroom practice, and the impact this has on students' experiences of music education.
Music Technology and Education: Amplifying Musicality
by Andrew BrownMusic Technology in Education lays out the principles of music technology and how they can be used to enhance musical teaching and learning in primary and secondary education. Previously published as Computers in Music Education, this second edition has been streamlined to focus on the needs of today’s music education student. It has been completely updated to reflect mobile technologies, social networks, rich media environments, and other technological advances. Topics include: Basic audio concepts and recording techniques Enhanced music instruction with interactive systems, web-based media platforms, social networking, and musicianship software Administration and management of technology resources Distance education and flexible learning Music Technology in Education provides a strong theoretical and philosophical framework for examining the use of technology in music education while outlining the tools and techniques for implementation in the classroom. Reflective Questions, Teaching Tips, and Suggested Tasks link technology with effective teaching practice. The companion website provides resources for deeper investigation into the topics covered in each chapter, and includes an annotated bibliography, website links, tutorials, and model projects.
Music, Technology, Innovation: Industry and Educational Perspectives
by Carol Johnson Andrew KingMusic, Technology, Innovation: Industry and Educational Perspectives draws upon cutting-edge practice in the use of technology from both a pedagogical and industry perspective. Situated within the latest research, this edited volume explores technological innovation from a musical perspective, examines current trends within the industry, and carefully considers them from an educational perspective.Noted throughout history, music education is responsive to industry innovations. However, emerging technologies often begin with over-hyped promises before they move through various phases of development and are then repurposed for learning and teaching. Educators can adopt an innovation and develop a framework that is pedagogically sound and learner-centred. Based on these ideas, the authors together highlight industry innovations that have potential outcomes for engaging students in music learning within research-informed practices, build upon these ideas and identify proactive mechanisms for teaching music education, and work towards developing a framework for understanding these phenomena. The chapters address key topics including the ethics of technology, AI and music, online performance and teaching, gamification, big data, teaching audio production, acoustic ecology, and more. The examination of areas in contemporary innovation can further support the potential to empower teachers and students to understand the opportunities for teaching, sustainability, and growth in music education.
Music Theory 101: From keys and scales to rhythm and melody, an essential primer on the basics of music theory (Adams 101 Series)
by Brian Boone Marc SchonbrunLearn the basics of music theory in this comprehensive and easy-to-understand guide.From classical to hard rock, and jazz to hip hop, music is constantly evolving, but many of the basics have stayed the same. Understanding these basics is key to becoming a successful musician and well-rounded music lover. Music Theory 101 covers everything novice musicians and lifelong learners need to know, including: -How to read sheet music -Understanding the construction of chords and scales -The different rhythm and time signatures -How keys are identified and organized Full of music trivia, music history, comprehensive instruction, and visual aids of scales, music symbols, and chords throughout, Music Theory 101 is the essential guide you need for a crash course in music theory that even professional musicians would envy.
Music Theory, 3E (Idiot's Guides)
by Michael MillerMusic theory doesn&’t need to be complicated, and this guide will show you how to make it simple. Idiot's Guides: Music Theory, Third Edition, is a concise and clear guide that teaches any budding musician or experienced musician how to read musical notation by navigating the basics of reading and composing music. Here&’s what you&’ll find: • The basics of tones, including pitches, clefs, scales, intervals, and major and minor keys • The building blocks of rhythm, including note values, basic notation, time signatures, and tempo, dynamics, and navigation • How tunes are created, starting with melodies, chords, chord progressions, and phrases and forms • The basics of accompaniment, including transcribing, accompanying melodies, and transposing to other keys • Composing and arranging, including coverage of musical genres and forms, how to compose your own music, arranging for voices and instruments, working with lead sheets and scores, and performing your music • Helpful reference appendixes, including a glossary, chord charts, and instrument ranges • Expanded online ear-training and transcribing exercise content, including exercises at the end of each chapter and an answer key appendix
Music Theory Essentials: A Streamlined Approach to Fundamentals, Tonal Harmony, and Post-Tonal Materials
by Jason W. SolomonMusic Theory Essentials offers an antidote to music theory textbooks that are overly long and dense. Focusing on the essentials, this text provides a clear-cut guide to the key concepts of music theory. Beginning with no assumptions about music theory knowledge, the book covers the core elements of music fundamentals, diatonic and chromatic harmony, post-tonal theory, and popular music in a single concise volume. Emphasizing critical thinking skills, this book guides students through conceptualizing musical concepts and mastering analytic techniques. Each chapter concludes with a selection of applications designed to enhance engagement: Exercises allow students to apply and practice the skills and techniques addressed in the chapter. Brain Teasers challenge students to expand their musical understanding by thinking outside the box. Exploring Music offers strategies for students to apply learned concepts to the music they are currently learning or listening to. Thinking Critically encourages students to think more deeply about music by solving problems and identifying and challenging assumptions. A companion website provides answers to book exercises, additional downloadable exercises, and audio examples. Straightforward and streamlined, Music Theory Essentials is a truly concise yet comprehensive introduction to music theory that is accessible to students of all backgrounds.
Music Theory For Dummies
by Michael Pilhofer Holly DayGrasp the concepts needed to compose, deconstruct, and comprehend musicWhether you're a student of music or a music lover, Music Theory For Dummies presents you with essential information on how to read, write, and understand music, as well as helpful hints on composing, arranging, and creating original melodies, harmonies, and chords.Music Theory For Dummies gives you a friendly, unintimidating overview of the material covered in a typical college-level course and makes music theory easy to understand. It includes updated information on current teaching techniques; the newest music examples and genres; information on mastering major and minor scales, using intervals, and recognizing pitches and clefs; the lowdown on rhythms, tempo, dynamics, and navigation; how to transcribe the music you hear and transposing it to other keys; harmonizing and accompanying melodies; composing and arranging for voices and instruments; performing your own music; and much more.Audio CD includes musical excerpts played on a variety of instruments Makes learning music theory as enjoyable as it is usefulTracks to a typical college-level music theory courseDon't get discouraged by the seemingly complicated written structure of musical theory. With Music Theory For Dummies, understanding music has never been easier!CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of the e-book file, but are available for download after purchase.
Music Theory For Dummies
by Michael Pilhofer Holly DayTune in to how music really works Whether you’re a student, a performer, or simply a fan, this book makes music theory easy, providing you with a friendly guide to the concepts, artistry, and technical mastery that underlie the production of great music. You’ll quickly become fluent in the fundamentals of knocking out beats, reading scores, and anticipating where a piece should go, giving you a deeper perspective on the works of others — and bringing an extra dimension to your own. Tracking to a typical college-level course, Music Theory For Dummies breaks difficult concepts down to manageable chunks and takes into account every aspect of musical production and appreciation — from the fundamentals of notes and scales to the complexities of expression and instrument tone color. It also examines the latest teaching techniques — all the more important as the study of music, now shown to provide cognitive and learning benefits for both children and adults, becomes more prevalent at all levels. Master major and minor scales, intervals, pitches, and clefs Understand basic notation, time signals, tempo, dynamics, and navigation Employ melodies, chords, progressions, and phrases to form music Compose harmonies and accompanying melodies for voice and instruments Wherever you want to go musically — as a writer or performer, or just as someone who wants to enjoy music to its fullest — this approachable guide gives you everything you need to hear!
Music Theory For Dummies (Second Edition)
by Michael Pilhofer Holly DayGrasp the concepts needed to compose, deconstruct, and comprehend music. Whether you're a student of music or a music lover, "Music Theory For Dummies" presents you with essential information on how to read, write, and understand music, as well as helpful hints on composing, arranging, and creating original melodies, harmonies, and chords. "Music Theory For Dummies" gives you a friendly, unintimidating overview of the material covered in a typical college-level course and makes music theory easy to understand. It includes updated information on current teaching techniques; the newest music examples and genres; information on mastering major and minor scales, using intervals, and recognizing pitches and clefs; the lowdown on rhythms, tempo, dynamics, and navigation; how to transcribe the music you hear and transposing it to other keys; harmonizing and accompanying melodies; composing and arranging for voices and instruments; performing your own music; and much more.
Music Theory in Late Medieval Avignon: Magister Johannes Pipardi (Royal Musical Association Monographs)
by Karen M. CookThe manuscript Seville, Biblioteca Colombina y Capitular 5-2-25, a composite of dozens of theoretical treatises, is one of the primary witnesses to late medieval music theory. Its numerous copies of significant texts have been the focus of substantial scholarly attention to date, but the shorter, unattributed, or fragmentary works have not yet received the same scrutiny. In this monograph, Cook demonstrates that a small group of such works, linked to the otherwise unknown Magister Johannes Pipudi, is in fact much more noteworthy than previous scholarship has observed. The not one but two copies of De arte cantus are in fact one of the earliest known sources for the Libellus cantus mensurabilis, purportedly by Jean des Murs and the most widely copied music theory treatise of its day, while Regulae contrapunctus, Nota quod novem sunt species contrapunctus, and a concluding set of notes in Catalan are early witnesses to the popular Ars contrapuncti treatises also attributed to des Murs. Disclosing newly discovered biographical information, it is revealed that Pipudi is most likely one Johannes Pipardi, familiar to Cardinal Jean de Blauzac, Vicar-General of Avignon. Cook provides the first biographical assessment for him and shows that late fourteenth-century Avignon was a plausible chronological and geographical milieu for the Seville treatises, hinting provocatively at a possible route of transmission for the Libellus from Paris to Italy. The monograph concludes with new transcriptions and the first English translations of the treatises.
Music Theory Note by Note: Your Guide to How Music Works—From Notes and Rhythms to Complete Compositions
by Michael MillerTake note: You can enjoy music analysis.This concise and clear guide to simplified music theory teaches readers who play music by ear how to read musical notation by guiding them through the basics of reading and composing music to share with others.In this revised edition, renowned music author Michael Miller will help you learn:The basics of tones, including pitches, clefs, and major and minor keysThe building blocks of rhythm, including basic notation, time signatures, and tempoHow to create tunes, starting with melodies, chords, chord progressions, and phrases and formsComposing and arranging your own music, including coverage of musical genres and forms, arranging for voices and instruments, working with scores, and performing your musicThe basics of accompaniment, including transcribing, accompanying melodies, and transposing to other keysMichael will also share online ear training and transcribing exercises to help you better understand music analysis. If your goal is to learn how to read and compose music, Music Theory Note by Note will provide just what you need to become successful.
Music Theory Through Improvisation: A New Approach to Musicianship Training
by Ed SarathDesigned for Music Theory courses, Music Theory Through Improvisation presents a unique approach to basic theory and musicianship training that examines the study of traditional theory through the art of improvisation. The book follows the same general progression of diatonic to non-diatonic harmony in conventional approaches, but integrates improvisation, composition, keyboard harmony, analysis, and rhythm. Conventional approaches to basic musicianship have largely been oriented toward study of common practice harmony from the Euroclassical tradition, with a heavy emphasis in four-part chorale writing. The author’s entirely new pathway places the study of harmony within improvisation and composition in stylistically diverse format, with jazz and popular music serving as important stylistic sources. Supplemental materials include a play-along audio in the downloadable resources for improvisation and a companion website with resources for students and instructors.
Music with the Under-Fours
by Susan YoungThe importance and value of music in the care and education of very young children is increasingly recognised. This book looks closely at early musical development and how this translates into ways of supporting the musical activity of babies, toddlers and young children, keeping in mind the diversity of preschool work. Key topics include: pre- and post-natal musical experience musical parenting lullabies and play songs baby music sessions toddlers' music play songs, musical games and other activities young children's singing music play with instruments listening working with adults to develop musical opportunities. This text provides a valuable synthesis of recent thinking in this area, as well as practical suggestions for fostering creativity through musical activities. An original and inspiring book which will be welcomed by anyone responsible for the care and education of preschool children.