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Democracy Moving: Bill T. Jones, Contemporary American Performance, and the Racial Past (Theater: Theory/Text/Performance)
by Ariel NeresonOn the 200th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s birth, renowned choreographer and director Bill T. Jones developed three tributes: Serenade/The Proposition, 100 Migrations, and Fondly Do We Hope . . . Fervently Do We Pray. These widely acclaimed dance works incorporated video and audio text from Lincoln’s writings as they examined key moments in his life and his enduring legacy. Democracy Moving explores how these works provided both an occasion and a method by which democracy and history might be reconceived through movement, positioning dance as a form of both history and historiography. The project addresses how different communities choose to commemorate historical figures, events, and places through art—whether performance, oratory, song, statuary, or portraiture—and in particular, Black US American counter-memorial practices that address histories of slavery. Advancing the theory of oscillation as Black aesthetic praxis, author Ariel Nereson celebrates Bill T. Jones as a public intellectual whose practice has contributed to the project of understanding America’s relationship to its troubled past. The book features materials from Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Company’s largely unexplored archive, interviews with artists, and photos that document this critical stage of Jones’s career as it explores how aesthetics, as ideas in action, can imagine more just and equitable social formations.
Democracy's Body: Judson Dance Theatre, 1962–1964
by Sally BanesDemocracy's Body offers a lively, detailed account of the beginnings of the Judson Dance Theater--a popular center of dance experimentation in New York's Greenwich Village--and its place in the larger history of the avant-garde art scene of the 1960s. JDT started when Robert Dunn, a student of John Cage, offered a dance composition class in Merce Cunningham's studio. The performers--many of whom included some of the most prominent figures in the arts in the early sisties--found a welcome performance home in the Judson Memorial Church in the Village. Sally Banes's account draws on interviews, letters, diaries, films, and reconstructions of dances to paint a portrait of the rich culture of Judson, which was the seedbed for postmodern dance and the first avant-garde movement in dance theater since the modern dance of the 1930s and 1940s. Originally published in 1983, this edition brings back into print a highly regarded work of dance history.
Demographic Angst: Cultural Narratives and American Films of the 1950s
by Alan NadelProlific literature, both popular and scholarly, depicts America in the period of the High Cold War as being obsessed with normality, implicitly figuring the postwar period as a return to the way of life that had been put on hold, first by the Great Depression and then by Pearl Harbor. Demographic Angst argues that mandated normativity—as a political agenda and a social ethic—precluded explicit expression of the anxiety produced by America’s radically reconfigured postwar population. Alan Nadel explores influential non-fiction books, magazine articles, and public documents in conjunction with films such as Singin’ in the Rain, On the Waterfront, Sunset Boulevard, and Sayonara, to examine how these films worked through fresh anxieties that emerged during the 1950s.
Demokratie und Soziale Arbeit: Sensibilisierung für die Wahrnehmung und Veränderung von Ungleichheiten in unserer Gesellschaft
by Monika Alamdar-Niemann Bärbel Schomers Marion TackeDer Tagungsband „Demokratie und Soziale Arbeit“ befasst sich aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven mit zentralen aktuellen Fragen der Sozialen Arbeit. Wie kann Teilhabe und Partizipation in der Gesellschaft ungeachtet der sozialen Lage der Adressat*innen, ihres Geschlechts, ihrer sexuellen Orientierung, ihrer ethnischen Herkunft und Hautfarbe, ihrer Religion und Sprache, ihres Alters und rechtlichen Status ermöglicht werden? Soziale Arbeit mit Blick auf die zugrundeliegenden strukturellen Mechanismen von Ausgrenzung und Abwertung zielt auf eine Humanisierung der deutschen Gesellschaft. Es geht um nicht weniger als die Professionalisierung einer Arbeit gegen Diskriminierung zur Wahrung demokratischer Prinzipien, denen sich die hier versammelten Autor*innen widmen.
Demonizing the Other: Antisemitism, Racism and Xenophobia
by Robert S. WistrichAt the close of the twentieth century the stereotyping and demonization of 'others', whether on religious, nationalist, racist, or political grounds, has become a burning issue. Yet comparatively little attention has been paid to how and why we fabricate images of the 'other' as an enemy or 'demon' to be destroyed. This innovative book fills that gap through an interdisciplinary, cross-cultural approach that brings together a distinguished array of historians, anthropologists, psychologists, literary critics, and feminists.The historical sweep covers Greco-Roman Antiquity, the MIddle Ages, and the MOdern Era. Antisemitism receives special attention because of its longevity and centrality to the Holocaust, but it is analyzed here within the much broader framework of racism and xenophobia. The plurality of viewpoints expressed in this volume provide fascinating insights into what is common and what is unique to the many varieties of prejudice, stereotyping, demonization, and hatred.
The Demons of Modernity: Ingmar Bergman and European Cinema
by John OrrIngmar Bergman's films had a very broad and rich relationship with the rest of European cinema, contrary to the myth that Bergman was a peripheral figure, culturally and aesthetically isolated from the rest of Europe. This book contends that he should be put at the very center of European film history by chronologically comparing Bergman's relationship to key European directors such as Carl Theodor Dreyer, Jean-Luc Godard, Michelangelo Antonioni, and Andrei Tarkovsky, and also looks at Bergman's critical relationship to key movements in film history such as the French New Wave. In so doing, it demonstrates how Ingmar Bergman's films illustrate the demonic struggle in modernity between faith and secularity through "his intense preoccupation with the malaise of intimacy."
Den of Thieves (Cat Royal #3)
by Julia GoldingDisguised as a ballerina, Cat joins the French Revolution, only to find that it is up to her to save her friends after they are captured as traitors. The action-packed series continues with disguises, danger, drama, and the irrepressible Cat Royal.
Dennis Hopper: Interviews (Conversations with Filmmakers Series)
by Nick DawsonThe legendary Dennis Hopper (1936-2010) had many identities. He first broke into Hollywood as a fresh-faced young actor in the 1950s, redefined himself as a rebel director with Easy Rider in the late 1960s, and became a bad boy outcast for much of the 1970s. He returned in the 1980s with standout performances in films like Blue Velvet and Hoosiers, was one of the great blockbuster baddies of the 1990s, and ended his career as a ubiquitous actor in genre movies. Hopper, however, was much more than just an actor and director: he was also a photographer, a painter, and an art collector not to mention a longtime hedonist who kicked his addiction to drugs and alcohol and became a poster boy for sobriety. Dennis Hopper: Interviews covers every decade of his career, featuring conversations from 1957 through to 2009, and not only captures him at the significant points of his tumultuous time in Hollywood but also focuses on the lesser-known aspects of the man. In this fascinating and highly entertaining volume—the first ever collection of Hopper's interviews—he talks in depth about film, photography, art, and his battles with substance abuse and, in one instance, even takes the role of interviewer as he talks with Quentin Tarantino.
Dennis Kelly (Routledge Modern and Contemporary Dramatists)
by Aloysia RousseauDennis Kelly explores Kelly’s unusual career path and sheds light on his eclectic approach to the arts, characterised by a refusal to write texts that people can fit within neat categories. This is the first monograph on Kelly’s work for stage and screen and brings to light his essential contribution to contemporary British drama and his huge range of work including his rise to international fame with Matilda the Musical.Drawing on Kelly’s published and unpublished texts, his work in production, reviews, original interviews with directors, actors and with Kelly himself as well as critical theory, Dennis Kelly examines and reappraises key motifs in his work such as his preoccupation with violence, the complex relationship between the individual and the community or his emphasis on storytelling. It also offers new insights into overlooked aspects of Kelly’s work by setting out to explore his traumatic narratives and his post-romanticism. In keeping with Kelly’s wish never to repeat himself, this study offers multiple critical entries into his plays, television series and films, drawing on moral and political philosophy, trauma studies, studies in humour, feminist theory and film studies.Part of the Routledge Modern and Contemporary Dramatist series, Dennis Kelly is addressed to students and scholars in Drama, Theatre and Performance as well as theatre practitioners and offers in-depth analysis of one of the most unique and challenging voices in contemporary British playwriting and screenwriting.
Denys Arcand's Le Declin de l'empire americain and Les Invasions barbares
by Andrê LoiselleThe release of Denys Arcand's Le Déclin de l'empire américain (The Decline of the American Empire) in 1986 marked a major turning point in Quebec cinema. It was the first Québécois film that enjoyed huge critical and commercial success at home and abroad. Arcand's tragicomedy about eight intellectuals gathered around a dinner table relating sexy anecdotes became the top-grossing film of all time in Quebec and was the first Canadian feature to be nominated for an Oscar in the foreign-language category. Seventeen years later, Arcand won an Academy Award for the sequel, Les Invasions barbares (The Barbarian Invasions), where the amusing insouciance of the thirty-somethings talking dirty in Le Déclin is replaced by a sense of moral responsibility and serene resignation. In this engrossing study, André Loiselle presents the first in-depth analysis of both films within the context of Quebec culture. Through close readings and concise cultural analysis of two of the most important films in the history of Quebec cinema, Loiselle demonstrates the ways in which Arcand's work represents a snapshot of the evolution of the French Canadian film industry since 1980. The companion films trace the decline of Quebec's national dream and the Québécois' attempts to cling to their identity against the forces of barbaric globalization. The second title in the new Canadian Cinema series, Denys Arcand's "Le Déclin de l'empire américain" and "Les Invasions barbares" is essential reading for cinephiles, film critics, and anyone with an interest in cultural studies and Canadian and Quebec history.
Depeche Mode: El origen de la banda que conquisto el mundo con la musica electronica (Band Records)
by Soledad Romero Mariño Fernando López del HierroLos inicios de Depeche Mode, la banda de rock electrónico por excelencia, explicada a los más pequeños. <p><p>Synth pop, dance rock, new wave... Con su estilo único, el grupo británico Depeche Mode revolucionó la escena musical electrónica en los ochenta. Precursores del uso del sintetizador como instrumento, Vince Clarke, Dave Gahan, Martin Gore y Andy Fletcher se convirtieron a golpe de sampler en un auténtico fenómeno de masas. <p>Responsables de hits como «Enjoy the silence» o «Precious», sus influencias resuenan en grupos como los Pet Shop Boys o Coldplay.
Der ästhetische Vektor: Eine Studie über filmische Postperformativität
by Jonathan ParteckeMethode der Filmrezeption. Im Zentrum dieser Methode steht der eigens definierte Begriff des ästhetischen Vektors: eine Wahrnehmungsinstanz, die als Abkürzung die Beschreibung komplizierter, semiotischer Zusammenhänge ermöglichen soll. Um den Vektorbegriff, seine Einzelteile und besondere Eigenheiten von Abänderungen und Nuancen in der Anwendung werden eine Vielzahl von neuen Begriffen eingeführt (und einige bestehende Begriffe bzw. in Verwendung befindliche Begriffe redefiniert), um eine neuartige Form der Filmwahrnehmung zu beschreiben: Das Rauschhafte Erleben des cinematographischen Modus – die Postperformativität. Film ist primär Ästhetik und Bild. Wie diese konstruiert werden und wirken, wird entschlüsselt.Der AutorJonathan Partecke studierte am Institut der Theaterwissenschaft München twm der Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München. Seine Schwerpunkte sind: Filmwissenschaft, Ästhetiktheorie, Filmphilosophie, Deleuze.
Der Roman als Netzwerk: Formen, Ideen, Waren
by Tim Lanzendörfer Corinna Norrick-RühlDer Roman als Netzwerk: Formen, Ideen, Waren beschäftigt sich mit dem zeitgenössischen englischsprachigen Roman und seinen Derivaten und Nebenprodukten wie Graphic Novels, Comics, Podcasts und Quality TV. Dieser Sammelband untersucht die Bedeutung des Romans im größeren System der zeitgenössischen Medienproduktion und (Post-)Printkultur und betrachtet den Roman durch die Linse der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie als einen Knotenpunkt im Roman-Netzwerk. Die Kapitel unterstreichen die enge Verbindung zwischen allen Aspekten des Romans, zwischen dem Roman als (literarischer) Form, als Idee und als Ware. Der Sammelband bringt Expert*innen aus amerikanischer und anglistisches Literaturwissenschaft und Postcolonial Studies sowie den Buch- und Medienwissenschaften zusammen und bietet einen neuen Blickwinkel auf den Roman in seinen vielfältigen Erscheinungsformen.
Der verborgene Sinn: Verhüllung und Enthüllung in der Musik
by Laurenz LüttekenEin Sinn, der verborgen oder enthüllt werden kann, ist eine der zentralen Denkfiguren der Neuzeit. Das betrifft auch die Frage, was Musik eigentlich sei. Je stärker man darüber nachgedacht hat, desto brüchiger, changierender ist die Annahme von einem substantiellen Wesenskern der Musik geworden. In diesem Buch geht es nicht um ästhetische oder theoretische Überlegungen dazu, sondern um die Frage, ob und auf welche Weise komponierte Musik sich selbst zum Gegenstand macht und so möglicherweise etwas von ihrem Kern preisgibt. Die optischen Metaphern von Verhüllung und Enthüllung erweisen sich dabei als ebenso hilfreich wie anschaulich. In einer Reihe von Beispielen, die vom 17. bis in die Gegenwart reichen, wird das Phänomen in seiner ganzen Vielfalt beschrieben. Dabei geht es nicht nur um Opern von Mozart bis Strauss, sondern auch um Monteverdis Vokalmusik, Haydns „Schöpfung“, die Sinfonien Bruckners oder Ligetis Etüden.
Derrida | Benjamin: Two Plays for the Stage
by John Schad Fred DalmassoWithin the work of both Jacques Derrida and Walter Benjamin there is a buried theatricality, a theatre to-come. And in the last fifteen years there has been a growing awareness of this theatricality. To date, though, there has not been a published stage play about either Derrida or BenjaminCue Derrida| Benjamin, a volume that brings together two tragi-comic plays which mirror each other in a host of ways – above all, in the way that the central philosophical figure is displaced, or not quite where or when we would expect to find them. In Derrida’s case, it is Oxford in 1968; in Benjamin’s case, it is somewhere (or nowhere) near London in 1948. These, then, are plays in which the philosopher is exiled, or elsewhere – not quite himself. This a volume for anyone with an eye or ear for where theatre or performance meets philosophy – students, scholars, readers, actors.
Dervish Dust: The Life and Words of James Coburn
by Robyn L. CoburnDervish Dust is the authorized biography of &“cool cat&” actor James Coburn, covering his career, romances, friendships, and spirituality. Thoroughly researched with unparalleled access to Coburn&’s friends and family, the book&’s foundation is his own words in the form of letters, poetry, journals, interviews, and his previously unpublished memoirs, recorded in the months before his passing.Dervish Dust details the life of a Hollywood legend that spanned huge changes in the entertainment and filmmaking industry. Coburn grew up in Compton after his family moved from Nebraska to California during the Great Depression. His acting career began with guest character roles in popular TV series such as The Twilight Zone, Bonanza, and Rawhide. In the 1960s Coburn was cast in supporting roles in such great pictures as The Magnificent Seven, Charade, and The Great Escape, and he became a leading man with the hit Our Man Flint. In 1999 Coburn won an Academy Award for his performance in Affliction. Younger viewers will recognize him as the voice of Henry Waternoose, the cranky boss in Monsters, Inc., and as Thunder Jack in Snow Dogs. An individualist and deeply thoughtful actor, Coburn speaks candidly about acting, show business, people he liked, and people he didn&’t, with many behind-the-scenes stories from his work, including beloved classics, intellectually challenging pieces, and less well-known projects. His films helped dismantle the notorious Production Code and usher in today&’s ratings system. Known for drum circles, playing the gong, and participating in LSD research, Coburn was New Age before it had a name. He brought his motto, Go Bravely On, with him each time he arrived on the set in the final years of his life, when he did some of his best work, garnering the admiration of a whole new generation of fans.
Descended from Hercules: Biopolitics and the Muscled Male Body on Screen (New Directions in National Cinemas)
by Robert A. RushingMuscles, six-pack abs, skin, and sweat fill the screen in the tawdry and tantalizing peplum films associated with epic Italian cinema of the 1950s and 1960s. Using techniques like slow motion and stopped time, these films instill the hero's vitality with timeless admiration and immerse the hero's body in a world that is lavishly eroticized but without sexual desire. These "sword and sandal" films represent a century-long cinematic biopolitical intervention that offers the spectator an imagined form of the male body—one free of illness, degeneracy, and the burdens of poverty—that defends goodness with brute strength and perseverance, and serves as a model of ideal citizenry. Robert A. Rushing traces these epic heroes from Maciste in Cabiria in the early silent era to contemporary transnational figures like Arnold Schwarzenegger in Conan the Barbarian, and to films such as Zach Snyder's 300. Rushing explores how the very tactile modes of representation cement the genre's ideological grip on the viewer.
The Descent (Devil's Advocates)
by James MarriottThe story of an all-female caving expedition gone horribly wrong, The Descent (2005) is arguably the best of the mid-2000s horror entries to return verve and intensity to the genre. Unlike its peers (Saw [2004], Hostel [2011], etc.), The Descent was both commercially and critically popular, providing a genuine version of what other films could only produce as pastiche. For Mark Kermode, writing in the Observer, it was "one of the best British horror films of recent years," and Derek Elley in Variety described it as "an object lesson in making a tightly-budgeted, no-star horror pic." Time Out's critic praised "this fiercely entertaining British horror movie;" while Rolling Stone's Peter Travers warned prospective viewers to "prepare to be scared senseless." Emphasizing female characters and camaraderie, The Descent is an ideal springboard for discussing underexplored horror themes: the genre's engagement with the lure of the archaic; the idea of birth as the foundational human trauma and its implications for horror film criticism; and the use of provisional worldviews, or "rubber realities," in horror.
The Descent
by James MarriottThe story of an all-female caving expedition gone horribly wrong, The Descent (2005) is arguably the best of the mid-2000s horror entries to return verve and intensity to the genre. Unlike its peers (Saw [2004], Hostel [2011], etc.), The Descent was both commercially and critically popular, providing a genuine version of what other films could only produce as pastiche. For Mark Kermode, writing in the Observer, it was "one of the best British horror films of recent years," and Derek Elley in Variety described it as "an object lesson in making a tightly-budgeted, no-star horror pic." Time Out's critic praised "this fiercely entertaining British horror movie;" while Rolling Stone's Peter Travers warned prospective viewers to "prepare to be scared senseless." Emphasizing female characters and camaraderie, The Descent is an ideal springboard for discussing underexplored horror themes: the genre's engagement with the lure of the archaic; the idea of birth as the foundational human trauma and its implications for horror film criticism; and the use of provisional worldviews, or "rubber realities," in horror.
The Descent
by James MarriottThe story of an all-female caving expedition gone horribly wrong, The Descent (2005) is arguably the best of the mid-2000s horror entries to return verve and intensity to the genre. Unlike its peers (Saw [2004], Hostel [2011], etc.), The Descent was both commercially and critically popular, providing a genuine version of what other films could only produce as pastiche. For Mark Kermode, writing in the Observer, it was "one of the best British horror films of recent years," and Derek Elley in Variety described it as "an object lesson in making a tightly-budgeted, no-star horror pic." Time Out's critic praised "this fiercely entertaining British horror movie;" while Rolling Stone's Peter Travers warned prospective viewers to "prepare to be scared senseless." Emphasizing female characters and camaraderie, The Descent is an ideal springboard for discussing underexplored horror themes: the genre's engagement with the lure of the archaic; the idea of birth as the foundational human trauma and its implications for horror film criticism; and the use of provisional worldviews, or "rubber realities," in horror.
Desegregating Texas Schools: Eisenhower, Shivers, and the Crisis at Mansfield High
by Robyn Duff LadinoIn the famous Brown v. the Board of Education decisions of 1954 and 1955, the United States Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" schools for black and white students were unconstitutional. Yet history records that it took more than a decade of legal battles, civil rights protests, and, tragically, violent confrontations before black students gained full access to previously white schools. Mansfield, Texas, a small community southeast of Fort Worth, was the scene of an early school integration attempt. In this book, Robyn Duff Ladino draws on interviews with surviving participants, media reports, and archival research to provide the first full account of the Mansfield school integration crisis of 1956. Ladino explores how power politics at the local, state, and federal levels ultimately prevented the integration of Mansfield High School in 1956. Her research sheds new light on the actions of Governor Allan Shivers—who, in the eyes of the segregationists, actually validated their cause by his political actions—and it underscores President Dwight Eisenhower's public passivity toward civil rights during his first term of office. Despite the short-term failure, however, the Mansfield school integration crisis helped pave the way for the successful integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957. Thus, it deserves a permanent place in the history of the civil rights movement, which this book amply provides.
Desert Island Discs: Fascinating facts, figures and miscellany from one of BBC Radio 4’s best-loved programmes
by Mitchell SymonsFlotsam & Jetsam is the ultimate trivia book for fans of the popular BBC Radio 4 programme Desert Island Discs, and a fascinating introduction for all those who have yet to discover its delights.Taking the reader through seven decades of wonderful entertainment, here is an absorbing range of facts, figures and miscellany – including who chose what, and why. It also reveals much about the castaways' drives and motivations, their influences and, of course, their lives.Spanning the early years with the original presenter, Roy Plomley, and the present day, the Desert Island Discs programme has brought its own unique surprises to listeners, some very personal, some humorous, such as Eric Morecambe's choice of a deckchair as his luxury and Ernie Wise's of a deckchair ticket machine.From Beethoven to the Beatles, from chessboards and chocolate to Jane Austen and Zola, Flotsam & Jetsam is the perfect companion guide to the national treasure that is Desert Island Discs.
Desert Island Discs: 70 Years of Castaways
by Sean Magee‘For seventy years now Desert Island Discs has managed that rare feat – to be both enduring and relevant. By casting away the biggest names of the day in science, business, politics, showbiz, sport and the arts, it presents a cross-sectional snapshot of the times in which we live. As the decades have passed, the programme has kept pace; never frozen in time yet always, somehow, comfortingly the same.’ Kirsty YoungBBC Radio 4’s Desert Island Discs celebrates its seventieth birthday in 2012. Since the programme’s deviser Roy Plomley interviewed comedian Vic Oliver in January 1942, nearly 3,000 distinguished people from all walks of life have been stranded on the mythical island, accompanied by only eight records, one book and a luxury.Here the story of one of BBC Radio 4’s favourite programmes is chronicled through a special selection of castaways.Roy Plomley, inventor of the programme as well as its presenter for over forty years, quizzes the young Cliff Richard about ‘these rather frenzied movements’ the 1960s pop sensation makes on the stage. Robert Maxwell tells Plomley’s successor Michael Parkinson that ‘I will have left the world a slightly better place by having lived in it.’ Diana Mosley assures Sue Lawley that Adolf Hitler was ‘extraordinarily fascinating’ and had mesmeric blue eyes. And Johnny Vegas tugs Kirsty Young’s heart-strings with his account of a childhood so impoverished that family pets were fair game: ‘My dad had always claimed that rabbits were livestock, but we’d never eaten one before.’Desert Island Discs is much more than a radio programme. It is a unique and enduringly popular take on our lives and times – and this extensively illustrated book tells in rich detail the colourful and absorbing story of an extraordinary institution.
Desert Islands and the Liquid Modern
by Barney SamsonThis book investigates desert islands in postwar anglophone popular culture, exploring representations in radio, print and screen advertising, magazine cartoons, cinema, video games, and comedy, drama and reality television. Drawing on Zygmunt Bauman’s theory of liquid modernity, desert island texts are analysed in terms of their intersections with repressive and seductive mechanisms of power. Chapters focus on the desert island as: a conflictingly in/coherent space that characterises identity as deferred and structured by choice; a location whose ‘remoteness’ undermines satirical critiques of communal identity formation; a site whose ambivalent relationship with ‘home’ and Otherness destabilises patriarchal ‘Western’ subjectivity; a space bound up with mobility and instantaneity; and an expression of radical individuality and underdetermined identity. The desert island in popular culture is shown to reflect, endorse and critique a profoundly consumerist society that seduces us with promises of coherence, with the threat of repression looming if we do not conform.
Desert Queen
by Jyoti R. GopalThis picture book biography in verse follows the life of beloved Rajasthani drag performer Queen Harish, known as the Whirling Desert Queen of Rajasthan. Lit by an inner fire and propelled by a family tragedy, Harish defied the gender conventions of middle class Indian life, battled discrimination and intimidation, and eventually grew up to dance with Bollywood movie stars and on stages across the world.Jyoti Gopal's rhythmic phrases evoke the particular sounds and beats of the music Harish danced to, and capture the passions and conflicts of his life. The poignant and inspiring tale is interpreted by internationally acclaimed Rajasthani artist Svabhu Kohli in kohl-black lines and shapes and brilliant jewel-like colors.