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Grammar In Use: Intermediate Student's Book With Answers
by Raymond Murphy William R. SmalzerIdeal for students preparing for the TOEFL r test or other standard examinations, the new edition of this popular North American English grammar title offers even more support, with a larger format to include more explanation and practice, eight new units on phrasal verbs, and 10 pages of Additional Exercises. The book is available with and without a CD-ROM, which includes additional practice exercises, progress reports, interactive games, and a link to the Cambridge Dictionaries Online. You can even create your own tests to review the language learned. The workbook provides students with further practice opportunities.
A Grammar of Arabic
by Kristen BrustadA Grammar of Arabic models a new framework for studying varieties of Arabic comparatively, highlighting the patterns of variation and consistency, and showing how different styles, from primarily spoken and casual to primarily written and formal, are linguistically interrelated.This non-traditional reference grammar is structured around patterns of usage rather than prescriptive rules, aligning function with form and taking advantage of general principles of language. Using data from Classical Arabic, Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, and dialects spoken in Morocco, Egypt, Sudan, the Levant, Iraq, and the Arabian Gulf, this grammar examines the actual usage of these language varieties, broadening understanding of Arabic dialects from a linguistics perspective while also giving readers the ability to engage language diversity.Designed for instructors, researchers, and advanced students of Arabic, A Grammar of Arabic explores Arabic from an internally comparative perspective that will also be valuable to theoretical linguists.
A Grammar of Kam Revealed in Its Narrative Discourse
by Tongyin YangThe Kam language of China possesses fifteen tones - more than any other language. Yet it has long been neglected as an area of research, especially from the perspective of discourse analysis. This study initiates the exploration of the interface between grammar and discourse by examining various aspects of Kam narrative discourse, and using a functional approach to reveal its structural properties. It also introduces the mechanism for phonological and syntactic variations, as well as classifier variants and sentence-final particles (SFPs) in discourse and word order variations. Finally, it discusses the influence of social setting on narrative structure and offers the most up-to-date ethnological and social information about the community.
A Grammar of Mam, a Mayan Language
by Nora C. EnglandThis is the first full-length reference grammar of Mam, a Mayan language spoken today by over 400,000 people in the western highlands of Guatemala and the state of Chiapas, Mexico. The result of over three years of extensive fieldwork in Guatemala, A Grammar of Mam, a Mayan Language is based on the dialect of Mam spoken by 12,000 people in San Ildefonso Ixtahuacan in the department of Huehuetenango, Guatemala. England organizes A Grammar of Mam according to two complementary principles: to analyze Mam following basically traditional levels of grammatical description and to present material in such a way that the background information necessary for understanding each topic of discussion shall have been previously provided. Accordingly, England's analysis of the sound system and morphophonemic processes of Mam is followed by a description of the characteristics of root, inflectional, and derivational morphology. Chapters on phrase structure precede two chapters on sentence-level syntax. A Grammar of Mam is of particular interest in analyzing a Mayan language that is both syntactically and morphologically ergative and that is innovative in the direction of strengthening the ergative system. Indeed at all levels of linguistic organization Mam is innovative, and for this reason it is uniquely interesting both historically and theoretically.
A Grammar of Mangghuer: A Mongolic Language of China's Qinghai-Gansu Sprachbund (Routledge Studies in Asian Linguistics)
by Keith W. SlaterThis book is a grammar of Mangghuer, a Mongolic language spoken by approximately 25,000 people in China's northwestern Qinghai Province. Mangghuer is virtually unknown outside China, and no grammar of Mangghuer has ever been published in any language. The book's primary importance is thus as a systematic grammatical description of a little-known language. The book also makes a significant contribution to comparative Mongolic studies. In addition to the synchronic description of Mangghuer, extensive comparison with other Mongolic languages is included, demonstrating the genetic relationship of Mangghuer within that family. In the course of describing Mangghuer linguistic structures, the book also examines issues of interest to linguistic typologists.
A Grammar of New Testament Greek (Eerdmans Language Resources)
by Rodney A. WhitacreA reader&’s guide to the morphology and syntax of Koine Greek From the pen of a seasoned instructor of biblical Greek, this book functions as both an essential resource for second-year students and an invaluable asset for all readers as they continue to hone and deepen their linguistic skills. It begins with a basic overview of the language for new learners and for those looking for a brief refresher before moving into nuanced matters of morphology and syntax. Whitacre&’s aim is ultimately to help readers understand the subtleties of the language on the pages of the New Testament; thus, he engages with the biblical text both grammatically and exegetically, so that readers can experience its full power and beauty. Including numerous illustrative examples throughout and several useful appendices at the end, A Grammar of New Testament Greek is indispensable both as a textbook and as a reference for all readers of the Greek New Testament—and other texts written in Koine, such as the Septuagint and the Apostolic Fathers.
A Grammar of the Arabic Language (Routledge Revivals)
by R. SterlingPublished in 1904, this book provides accessible Arabic language structure and grammar for a universal readership.
A Grammar of the Hittite Language: Part 1: Reference Grammar (Languages of the Ancient Near East)
by Harry A. Hoffner Jr. H. Craig MelchertSince its publication in 2008, A Grammar of the Hittite Language has been the definitive Hittite reference and teaching tool. This new edition brings Hoffner and Melchert’s essential work up to date, incorporating the dramatic progress achieved in the field over the past fifteen years.Heavily revised and expanded, the second edition recasts the discussion of topics to better serve the linguistically informed reader. A reorganized presentation of the synchronic facts makes them accessible to both Hittitologists and linguists interested in Hittite for historical or typological purposes. Part 1 provides a thorough overview of Hittite grammar that is grounded in abundant textual examples. Part 2 is a tutorial that guides students through a series of graded lessons with illustrative sentences for translation. The tutorial is keyed to the reference grammar and includes extensive updated notes. Taken together with Part 2: Tutorial, which guides students through a series of graded lessons keyed to this reference grammar, the work remains the most comprehensive and detailed Hittite grammar ever produced.
A Grammar of the Hittite Language: Part 2: Tutorial (Languages of the Ancient Near East)
by Harry A. Hoffner Jr. H. Craig MelchertDesigned to accompany A Grammar of the Hittite Language, Part 1: Reference Grammar, this tutorial guides language learners through a series of graded lessons with illustrative sentences for translation drawn from actual Hittite texts. The tutorial is keyed to the reference grammar and provides extensive and updated notes, a vocabulary list for each lesson, and a comprehensive glossary.
Grammar Sense 4
by Susan KesnerGrammar Sense is a four-level discourse-based grammar series which focuses on the connection between form, meaning, and use of English structures. The series is based on the fundamental premise that English grammar is learnable and teachable if it is systematically organized and explained. Grammar Sense implements linguistic and applied linguistic research on how, where, when, and why native speakers use English structures, and how non-native speakers learn them. This series provides learners with a true understanding of how grammar is used in authentic contexts. Grammar is presented in discourse rather than in isolated sentences which allows the students to understand English grammar in real life situations.
Grammar to Get Things Done: A Practical Guide for Teachers Anchored in Real-World Usage
by Darren Crovitz Michelle D. DevereauxCO-PUBLISHED BY ROUTLEDGE AND THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF TEACHERS OF ENGLISH Grammar to Get Things Done offers a fresh lens on grammar and grammar instruction, designed for middle and secondary pre-service and in-service English teachers. It shows how form, function, and use can help teachers move away from decontextualized grammar instruction (such as worksheets and exercises emphasizing rule-following and memorizing conventional definitions) and begin considering grammar in applied contexts of everyday use. Modules (organized by units) succinctly explain common grammatical concepts. These modules help English teachers gain confidence in their own understanding while positioning grammar instruction as an opportunity to discuss, analyze, and produce language for real purposes in the world. An important feature of the text is attention to both the history of and current attitudes about grammar through a sociocultural lens, with ideas for teachers to bring discussions of language-as-power into their own classrooms.
Grammatical Categories: Variation in Romance Languages
by M. Rita Manzini Leonardo M. SavoiaGrammatical categories (e.g. complementizer, negation, auxiliary, case) are some of the most important building blocks of syntax and morphology. Categorization therefore poses fundamental questions about grammatical structures and about the lexicon from which they are built. Adopting a 'lexicalist' stance, the authors argue that lexical items are not epiphenomena, but really represent the mapping of sound to meaning (and vice versa) that classical conceptions imply. Their rule-governed combination creates words, phrases and sentences - structured by the 'categories' that are the object of the present inquiry. They argue that the distinction between functional and non-functional categories, between content words and inflections, is not as deeply rooted in grammar as is often thought. In their argumentation they lay the emphasis on empirical evidence, drawn mainly from dialectal variation in the Romance languages, as well as from Albanian.
Grammaticalization and English Complex Prepositions: A Corpus-based Study (Routledge Advances in Corpus Linguistics #Vol. 7)
by Sebastian HoffmannWhat is a grammatical unit? How does grammatical structure evolve? How can we best investigate the mental representation of grammar? What is the connection between language use and language structure? This book aims to help answer such questions by presenting a detailed analysis of English complex prepositions (e.g. in spite of or with respect to) on the basis of large amounts of authentic language data dating from the Middle Ages until today.
Great French Tales of Fantasy/Contes fantastiques célèbres: A Dual-Language Book
by Stanley AppelbaumThese six riveting fantasy classics from the golden age of the French short story will keep you glued to your chair. Drawn from the genre's outstanding nineteenth-century writers, they range from the Romantic era to the rise of the Symbolists and Decadents. Presented chronologically by date of publication, they include Charles Nodier's "Trilby; or, The Elf of Argyll," Théophile Gautier's "The Amorous Dead Woman," "The Venus of Ille" by Prosper Mérimée, Villiers de l'Isle-Adam's "Second Sight," and two tales by Guy de Maupassant, "A Divorce Case" and "Who Knows?"This dual-language book features accurate new English translations on pages facing the original French, an informative introduction, and explanatory footnotes. It opens a door for students of French language and literature--well as any other lover of fantasy--to explore the world of the eerie and unknown.
Great German Poems of the Romantic Era: A Dual-Language Book
by Stanley AppelbaumOver 130 poems by 23 poets, including Goethe, Schiller, Holderlin, Tieck, Heine, Mörike, Storm, Nietzsche and many others. Excellent new literal English translations on facing pages, along with an informative introduction and concise evaluations of each poet. Unique opportunity to enjoy a rich sampling from one of the world's great poetic traditions.
Great Stories by Kafka and Rilke/Meistererzählungen von Kafka und Rilke: A Dual-Language Book (Dover Dual Language German)
by Rainer Maria Rilke Franz Kafka Stanley AppelbaumAt the turn of the twentieth century, the city of Prague hosted a cosmopolitan culture whose literary scene abounded in experimental writers. Two of the city's natives are featured in this dual-language volume: Franz Kafka, whose fiction is synonymous with the anguish of modern life; and the poet Rainer Maria Rilke, whose stories unfold in the same transcendent lyricism as his verse.Twelve of Kafka's stories from the compilation Ein Landarzt (A Country Doctor) appear here, along with two tales from Ein Hungerkünstler (A Hunger Artist). Rilke's stories include "Die Weise von Liebe und Tod des Cornets Christoph Rilke" (The Ballad of Love and Death of Cornet Christoph Rilke), "Die Turnstunde" (The Gym Class), and Geschichten vom lieben Gott (Stories About the Good Lord). Stanley Appelbaum has provided an introduction and informative notes to these stories, along with excellent new English translations on the pages facing the original German.
Greek: An Essential Grammar of the Modern Language (Current Issues In Linguistic Theory Ser. #117)
by David Holton Peter Mackridge Irene Philippaki-WarburtonGreek: An Essential Grammar is a concise and user-friendly reference guide to modern Greek. It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language in short, readable sections. Explanations are clear and supported by examples throughout. This new edition has been revised and updated to present an accurate and accessible description of the most important aspects of modern Greek. Features include: clear and up-to-date examples special attention to those points which often cause problems to English-speaking learners Greek/English comparisons and contrasts highlighted throughout. Greek: An Essential Grammar is ideal for learners involved in independent study and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. Levels CEFR scale A1-B2 and ACTFL level Low-Intermediate to Advanced.
Greek and Latin Roots of Medical and Scientific Terminologies
by Todd A. CurtisNew edition of an established, well-regarded, and evidence-based resource on the subject of renal nursing Greek and Latin Roots of Medical and Scientific Terminologies explains the Greek and Latin origins of the roots, prefixes, and suffixes of terms used in “med-speak,” the specialized language of medicine, science, and healthcare. By presenting medical terms in their historical context, this innovative textbook discusses relevant aspects of ancient Greek and Roman medical theories and practices while teaching students to apply principles of word analysis, synthesis, and pronunciation. Clear and accessible chapters—organized around the modern categories of body systems—contain thorough explanations of ancient medico-scientific culture, etymological notes, images, tables of vocabulary, and a range of exercises designed to increase student comprehension and retention. Divided into two units, the text first introduces the historical background of ancient Greek medicine and describes the principles of analyzing, constructing, pronouncing, and spelling medical terms. It then discusses Latin and Greek grammar and modern nomenclature in medicine, natural sciences, chemistry, and pharmacy. The second unit teaches the Greek and Latin prefixes, suffixes, roots, eponyms, and loan words relevant to the systems of the body: integumentary, musculoskeletal, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, endocrine, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. Allowing instructors to teach medical terminology as a true classical civilizations course, this unique volume: Features the history of ancient Greek medicine and explains the ancient Greek and Latin origins of medical terms and how they came to have their current meaning Covers the loan words, eponyms, and the components of basic medico-scientific terms, providing topical tables of commonly used prefixes, suffixes, and roots Includes a list of common abbreviations and symbols used in medico-scientific writing Teaches abbreviated Latin grammatical paradigms necessary for anatomical taxonomy Uses a programmed learning approach that features numerous activities and exercises, including analyzing and constructing terms, interpreting passages from medical notes and scientific journals, and identification and spelling questions Linking medical terms to the history, literature, and mythology of ancient culture, Greek and Latin Roots of Medical and Scientific Terminologies is an ideal introductory textbook for college-level medical terminology courses, particularly those taught by Classicists.
A Greek Reader: Companion to A Primer of Biblical Greek (Eerdmans Language Resources)
by Mark JeongA companion resource for use with N. Clayton Croy&’s Primer of Biblical Greek, featuring dozens of simple, enjoyable narratives to reinforce the content and skills introduced by Croy. Too often, Greek readers include difficult primary texts encumbered with glosses, but this reader from Mark Jeong is instead comprised of originally written texts keyed to the vocabulary and grammar taught in Clayton Croy&’s Primer of Biblical Greek. Thus fluent, comprehensive reading—rather than painstaking translation—can be the goal. In addition to providing useful practice, Jeong&’s engaging narratives will help students of Greek grasp the nuances of particularly complicated aspects of Koine—such as the imperfect tense—by allowing them to see the language &“in action&” in various textual situations. Each narrative also follows a larger story about the adventures of Philemon, Onesimus, and Paul, making for enjoyable reading that better prepares one for the daunting task of eventually reading the Greek New Testament.
Greek Script Hacking: The optimal pathway to learn the Greek alphabet
by Judith MeyerUsing a unique, tried and tested algorithm, this book teaches you how to quickly and efficiently recognise letters and common words in Greek script. Whether you're travelling and want to understand the words around you, or preparing to learn Greek and want to master the basics, this is the book for you. In this book you will find: · An introduction to Greek script· Plenty of practice activities to help you recognise each letter of the alphabet · Helpful mnemonics to make you remember the shape of each letter· Accompanying audio files so you know how to pronounce letters and words · Handy tips to help you decipher common and familiar words The audio for this course can be downloaded from the Teach Yourself Library app or streamed at library.teachyourself.com.Rely on Teach Yourself, trusted by language learners for over 75 years.
Greek Script Hacking: The optimal pathway to learn the Greek alphabet
by Judith MeyerUsing a unique, tried and tested algorithm, this book teaches you how to quickly and efficiently recognise letters and common words in Greek script. Whether you're travelling and want to understand the words around you, or preparing to learn Greek and want to master the basics, this is the book for you. In this book you will find: · An introduction to Greek script· Plenty of practice activities to help you recognise each letter of the alphabet · Helpful mnemonics to make you remember the shape of each letter· Accompanying audio files so you know how to pronounce letters and words · Handy tips to help you decipher common and familiar words The audio for this course can be downloaded from the Teach Yourself Library app or streamed at library.teachyourself.com.Rely on Teach Yourself, trusted by language learners for over 75 years.
Green English: Ireland's Influence on the English Language
by Loreto ToddGreen English explores the origins and development of English in Ireland. It shows how Ireland has moulded English; how it has produced the second oldest world literature in the language; and how Irish emigrants, missionaries, teachers and writers have influenced English worldwide. It includes a dictionary of words that have resulted from this interaction.
Grounded Theory in Applied Linguistics Research: A practical guide (Routledge Studies in Applied Linguistics)
by Gregory HadleyThis volume demystifies the procedures and practical uses of Grounded Theory, a well-established research methodology used around the world today by social scientists, teachers, and qualitative researchers. Intended for graduate students, supervisors, and researchers, it provides readers with the tools for understanding, justifying, and disseminating new theoretical insights for the Applied Linguistics community and beyond.
Group Work in the English Language Curriculum
by Philip ChappellThis book explores how using small groups in second language classrooms supports language learning. Chappell's experience as a language teacher equips him to present a clear, evidence-based argument for the powerful influence group work has upon the opportunities for learning, and how it should therefore be an integral part of language lessons.
La Guerra de Guerrillas
by Ernesto Che GuevaraA bestselling Che classic for decades, this is Che Guevara's own incisive analysis of the Cuban revolution-a text studied by his admirers and adversaries alike. Here he explains how a small, dedicated group grew in strength and with the support of the Cuban people was able to defeat a dictator's army.