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Realidades A
by Peggy Palo Boyles Myriam Met Richard S. Sayers Carol Eubanks WarginLos estudiantes de hoy en día esperan hablar un español relevante y real y el ciclo de textos de esta colección permite que ellos se encuentren con un lenguaje real, con actividades reales, cultura real y un aprendizaje del idioma real, con los apoyos de la tecnología que tanto motivan a los alumnos. Arte, fotografías, trabalenguas y otros ítemes son tratados en cada capítulo de manera conjunta, haciendo muy fácil integrar el lenguaje, la cultura y la comunicación en el salón de clases. En el nivel A encontrarás los temas del 1 al 4: mis amigos y yo, la escuela, la comida y el tiempo libre. Este volumen, como el resto de la serie, logra balancear la gramática con la comunicación y la tecnología, para motivar a los estudiantes hacia un verdadero aprendizaje.
Realidades B
by Peggy Palo Boyles Myriam Met Richard S. Sayers Carol Eubanks WarginLos estudiantes de hoy en día esperan hablar un español relevante y real y el ciclo de textos de esta colección permite que ellos se encuentren con un lenguaje real, con actividades reales, cultura real y un aprendizaje del idioma real, con los apoyos de la tecnología que tanto motivan a los alumnos. Arte, fotografías, trabalenguas y otros ítemes son tratados en cada capítulo de manera conjunta, haciendo muy fácil integrar el lenguaje, la cultura y la comunicación en el salón de clases. En el nivel B encontrarás los temas del 5 al 9: fiesta en familia, la casa, de compras, experiencias y los medios de comunicación. Este volumen, como el resto de la serie, logra balancear la gramática con la comunicación y la tecnología, para motivar a los estudiantes hacia un verdadero aprendizaje.
Realidades B
by Peggy Palo Boyles Myriam Met Richard S. Sayers Carol Eubanks WarginLos estudiantes de hoy en día esperan hablar un español relevante y real y el ciclo de textos de esta colección permite que ellos se encuentren con un lenguaje real, con actividades reales, cultura real y un aprendizaje del idioma real, con los apoyos de la tecnología que tanto motivan a los alumnos. Arte, fotografías, trabalenguas y otros ítemes son tratados en cada capítulo de manera conjunta, haciendo muy fácil integrar el lenguaje, la cultura y la comunicación en el salón de clases. En el nivel B encontrarás los temas del 5 al 9: fiesta en familia, la casa, de compras, experiencias y los medios de comunicación. Este volumen, como el resto de la serie, logra balancear la gramática con la comunicación y la tecnología, para motivar a los estudiantes hacia un verdadero aprendizaje.
Recent Advances in NLP: The Case of Arabic Language (Studies in Computational Intelligence #874)
by Mohamed Abd Elaziz Mohammed A. A. Al-qaness Ahmed A. Ewees Abdelghani DahouIn light of the rapid rise of new trends and applications in various natural language processing tasks, this book presents high-quality research in the field. Each chapter addresses a common challenge in a theoretical or applied aspect of intelligent natural language processing related to Arabic language. Many challenges encountered during the development of the solutions can be resolved by incorporating language technology and artificial intelligence.The topics covered include machine translation; speech recognition; morphological, syntactic, and semantic processing; information retrieval; text classification; text summarization; sentiment analysis; ontology construction; Arabizi translation; Arabic dialects; Arabic lemmatization; and building and evaluating linguistic resources.This book is a valuable reference for scientists, researchers, and students from academia and industry interested in computational linguistics and artificial intelligence, especially for Arabic linguistics and related areas.
Rechtschreibung für Dummies (Für Dummies)
by Matthias WermkeBeim Thema Rechtschreibung zucken viele zusammen. Schon in der Schule waren den meisten Diktate ein Graus. Groß- oder kleinschreiben, auseinander oder zusammen, und wo überhaupt muss ein Komma stehen oder ein Bindestrich? Peinlich, wenn dann später das Bewerbungsschreiben vor Fehlern nur so strotzt, die Examensarbeit inhaltlich zwar top, in Sachen Orthografie aber ein Flop ist oder in der Geschäftskorrespondenz mit wichtigen Kunden unzählige Kommafehler stecken. Ebenfalls unschön, wenn Newsletter und Flyer mehr durch ihre mangelhafte Rechtschreibung als durch ihren Inhalt auffallen. Hinzu kommt die Gewissheit, dass auf das Korrekturprogramm des PC auch kein Verlass ist. Und obendrein noch das Hin und Her um die Rechtschreibung in den letzten Jahren. Wer weiß da überhaupt noch, was Sache ist? Bald Sie, wenn Sie sich mit diesem Buch schlau machen!
Reciprocal Constructions in Meitei and Nyishi
by Atanu SahaThis book investigates three interesting questions arising from the intriguing cross-linguistic perspective of Meiteilon and Nyishi, two Tibeto-Burman languages respectively spoken in the states of Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh in India. The first question relates to developing a model for the syntax and semantics of these verbal reciprocal languages. Secondly, the book attempts to provide an account of the surface variations between the languages using this model. The book also tries to build an account for the co-occurrences of the nominal and verbal reciprocals in languages like Meiteilon and Nyishi. Both languages use a verbal strategy for default reciprocalization and both the languages show discontinuous reciprocity. The author argues that if the reciprocal marker consists of one suffix (as in the case of Meiteilon), it may express several other functions, but if the reciprocal marker composes of more than one suffix (as in Nyishi), it does not show polysemy. Both languages can reciprocalize unaccusative and unergative verbs, and in both the languages, overt distributive nominal reciprocal markers show strong reciprocity. This book will be of interest to syntacticians and typologists working in the domain of universal grammar, as well as computational linguists seeking empirical data on endangered and underrepresented languages.
Reconceptualizing the Writing Practices of Multilingual Youth: Towards a Symbiotic Approach to In- and Out-of-School Writing (Routledge Research in Literacy Education)
by Youngjoo YiFocusing on adolescent multilingual writing, this text problematizes the traditional boundaries between academic writing in school contexts and self-initiated writing outside of the formal learning environment. By reconceptualizing the nature of adolescent multilingual writing, the author establishes it as an interdisciplinary genre and a key area of inquiry for research and pedagogy. Organized into six chapters, Reconceptualizing the Writing Practices of Multilingual Youth provides an in-depth examination of the writing practices of multilingual youth from sociocultural and social practice perspectives. Drawing on first-hand research conducted with young people, the text questions the traditional dichotomy between academic writing and non-formal equivalents and proposes a symbiotic approach to exploring and cultivating the connections between in- and out-of-school literate lives. By highlighting a bidirectional relationship between formal and informal writing, the text advocates for writing instruction that helps adolescents use writing for entertainment, identity construction, creative expression, personal well-being, and civic engagement, as well as helps them learn to navigate future literacies that we cannot imagine or predict now. This much-needed text will provide researchers and graduate students with a principled overview and synthesis of adolescent multilingual writing research that is significant yet underexplored in applied linguistics, TESOL, and literacy studies.
Reconciling Translingualism and Second Language Writing (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Tony Silva; Zhaozhe WangThis book brings together top scholars on different sides of the important scholarly debate between the translingual movement and the field of second language writing. Drawing on a wide range of perspectives, this volume examines the differences in theory and practice with the hope of promoting reconciliation between the two schools of thought. Chapters address the tensions in the relationship between translingualism and second language writing and explore programs, pedagogies, and research that highlight commonalities between the two camps. With contributions from leading scholars, this book comprehensively addresses the issues related to this contentious debate and offers ways to bring the two camps into conversation with one another in a way that promotes effective teaching practices. By providing a panoramic view of the current situation, the text is a timely and unique contribution to TESOL, applied linguistics, and composition studies.
Red Madness: How a Medical Mystery Changed What We Eat
by Gail JarrowOne hundred years ago, a mysterious and alarming illness spread across America's South, striking tens of thousands of victims. No one knew what caused it or how to treat it. People were left weak, disfigured, insane, and in some cases, dead. Award-winning science and history writer Gail Jarrow tracks this disease, commonly known as pellagra, and highlights how doctors, scientists, and public health officials finally defeated it. Illustrated with 100 archival photographs, Red Madness includes stories about real-life pellagra victims and accounts of scientific investigations. It concludes with a glossary, timeline, further resources, author's note, bibliography, and index.
Redefining Indefinites
by Carmen Dobrovie-Sorin Claire BeyssadeThis volume explores the interpretation of indefinites and the constraints on their distribution by paying particular attention to key issues in the interface between syntax and semantics: the relation between the semantic properties of indefinite determiners and the denotation of indefinite DPs, their scope, and their behaviour in generic and conditional sentences. Examples come from French, other Romance languages and English. Central to the proposed analyses is a distinction between two types of entities, individualized entities and amounts. Weak indefinites are analyzed as existential generalized quantifiers over amounts and strong indefinites as either Skolem terms or generalized quantifiers over individualized entities. The up-to-date review of the literature and the new falsifiable proposals contained in this book will be of particular interest to linguistics students and scholars interested in the cross-linguistic semantics of indefinites.
Redefining Regional French
by David HornsbyThis study challenges the orthodox view that emergent regional varieties of French represent no more than an ephemeral dialect residue of little theoretical interest. It follows the life cycle of an obsolescent urban Picard variety, spoken in a mining town in the Pas-de-Calais, and attempts to unravel the complex reasons behind the survival of some local variants at the expense of others. Applying a sociolinguistic model developed by Peter Trudgill, it shows how the processes of levelling and simplification have driven change in a dialect contact situation, giving rise to a new, stable variety or koine. This is compared with other new urban varieties in Sweden and the UK, where different economic, social and demographic conditions have produced very different linguistic outcomes. The emergence of Regional French in the north, it is argued, may herald the start of a new diversification of French in Europe. This book will therefore interest both students of French and of language variation more generally.
Referring in a Second Language: Studies on Reference to Person in a Multilingual World (Routledge Studies in Applied Linguistics)
by Jonathon Ryan Peter CrosthwaiteThe introduction and tracking of reference to people or individuals, known as referential movement, is a central feature of coherence, and accounts for “about every third word of discourse”. Located at the intersection of pragmatics and grammar, reference is now proving a rich and enduring source of insight into second language development. The challenge for second language (L2) learners involves navigating the selection and positioning of reference in the target language, continually shifting and balancing the referential means used to maintain coherence, while remaining acutely sensitive to the discourse and social context. The present volume focuses on how L2 learners meet that challenge, bringing together both eminent and up-and-coming researchers in the field of L2 acquisition. The chapters address a range of problems in second language acquisition (SLA) (e.g., form-function mapping, first language [L1] influence, developmental trajectories), and do so in relation to various theoretical approaches to reference (e.g., Accessibility Theory, Givenness Hierarchy). The global outlook of these studies relates to the L2 acquisition of English, French, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish and covers a diverse range of situational contexts including heritage language learning, English as a medium of instruction, and the development of sociolinguistic competence.
Reflective Practice as Professional Development: Experiences of Teachers of English in Japan
by Atsuko WatanabeThis book presents a researcher's work on reflective practice with a group of high school teachers of English in Japan. Beginning with a series of uncomfortable teacher training sessions delivered to unwilling participants, the book charts the author's development of new methods of engaging her participants and making use of their own experiences and knowledge. Both an in-depth examination of reflective practice in the context of Japanese cultural conventions and a narrative account of the researcher's reflexivity in her engagement with the study, the book introduces the concept of 'the reflective continuum' - a non-linear journey that mirrors the way reflection develops in unpredictable and individual ways.
Reflective Practice in ESL Teacher Development Groups
by Thomas S.C. FarrellReflective Practise in ESL Teacher Development Groupsdiscusses the concept of reflective practice in ESL teachers using data from a 3-year collaborative partnership in which three ESL teachers in Canada explored their professional development through reflective practice. "
Reflective Practice in English Language Teaching: Research-Based Principles and Practices (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Steve Mann Steve WalshOffering a unique, data-led, evidence-based approach to reflective practice in English language teaching, this book brings together theory, research and practice in an accessible way to demonstrate what reflective practice looks like and how it is undertaken in a range of contexts. Readers learn how to do and to research reflective practice in their own settings. Through the use of data, dialogue and appropriate tools, the authors show how reflective practice can be used as an ongoing teaching tool that supports professional self-development.
Reflexivity in Language and Intercultural Education: Rethinking Multilingualism and Interculturality (Routledge Studies in Language and Intercultural Communication)
by Fred Dervin Julie S. Byrd ClarkWith the impact of accelerated globalization, digital technologies, mobility, and migration, the fields of Applied Linguistics, Language, and Intercultural Education have been shifting. One shift in need of further exploration is that of systematic and coherent reflexivity in researching language and culture. This unique and timely book thus examines the significance of reflexivity as an integral process, particularly when researching the multifaceted notions of multilingualism and interculturality in education. It also contributes to current critical approaches to representations of languages and cultures in identity politics. As such, the authors offer innovative ways of engaging with reflexivity in teaching, learning, and research through multimodal and complex ways. The chapters span a diverse range of educational settings in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America.
Reform and Literacy Education: History, Effects, and Advocacy
by Sarah HochstetlerA critical resource for literacy educators and graduate students, this volume investigates key moments in the development of literacy education and provides a much-needed overview of where, when, and how efforts to shape education influence literacy teaching, as well as what literacy educators can do to advocate for themselves, their students, and the profession. Organized around three themes—history, effects, and advocacy—this volume offers a nuanced exploration of the complex issues surrounding literacy education, and suggests coherent approaches to evaluating and understanding the various policies and reform efforts, and their impacts on literacy teaching and learning. Chapter authors draw on a variety of research– and practice-based perspectives to explore the impact of reform on literacy and literacy education, and examine the evolution of literacy education, providing much-needed historical context for shifts in policies and models in the field.
Reforming Literature Education in Malaysia 1957 – 2020: Development of Post-secondary Literature in English (Routledge Studies in Educational History and Development in Asia)
by Jia Wei LimLim traces the complexities in construction and implementation of a school subject, namely Literature in English in Malaysia through a focused and grounded narrative where tensions regarding identity, reader response and conceptualisations about literature play out in a postcolonial context.The book demonstrates the need to think about school subjects as abstract concepts negotiated at various levels, be it during curriculum construction or in the classroom. These conceptualisations of the subject are further influenced by contemporary concerns and sociopolitical changes over time. As such, the scope of this book ranges from pre-independence Malaysia (then Malaya) from the 1950s till the current phase of the subject’s development in the 21st century. The volume illustrates the complex interplay of historical, cultural, and social influences on the conceptualisation of English literature as a school subject in Malaysia. Lim traces, examines, and interprets its development as an elective subject in the context of post-secondary Malaysian education, and engages with current trends in education such as internationalization and standardized assessment. Lim also highlights the importance of teacher and student lived experiences to argue that personal conceptualisations of the school subject are actualized and negotiated in classroom discourse.Offering unique insights into studying Literature in English in a postcolonial context, the book will appeal to researchers, students and practitioners in the fields of history of education, curriculum reform and literature education.
Refugee Students: What Every ESL Teacher Needs to Know
by Jeffra FlaitzRefugee Students offers a compassionate yet practical guide for anyone who wants to better understand their refugee students, including their backgrounds, their challenges, and their strengths. Author Jeffra Flaitz provides a research- and fact-based guide to teaching refugees in today’s U.S. educational system. She discusses the different categories of immigrants, the diversity of refugees, how they may differ from other ESL students, and the risks they may face. Each section is followed by a list of what educators can do for these students.
Regarding Lost Time: Photography, Identity and Affect in Proust, Benjamin, and Barthes
by Katja HausteinWhat is autobiography and how does it transform in the age of technological reproducibility? Katja Haustein discusses this question as it relates to photography and the role of emotion in Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time (1909-22), Walter Benjamin's Berlin Childhood around 1900 (1932-38), and Roland Barthes's Roland Barthes (1977) and Camera Lucida (1980). In her close critical readings, Haustein provides the first comprehensive comparative analysis of these popular works, mapping them against little-studied textual, visual and aural material, some of which has only recently become accessible. In this way, her book opens new avenues in scholarship dedicated to three outstanding twentieth-century writers and contributes to a field of critical inquiry that is still in the making: the history of autobiography in the light of a history of the gaze.
Regarding Manneken Pis: Culture, Celebration and Conflict in Brussels
by Catherine EmersonManneken Pis, a fountain featuring a bronze child urinating, has stood on the same Brussels street corner since at least the mid-fifteenth century. Since there is no consensus on its meaning, it has been used to express many different readings of social relations in a complex city and nation state. It has formed part of the festival culture of the city - from royal entries to gay pride - but has also been exploited in conflicts arising out of war and occupation, and the tensions inherent in modern Belgium. Drawing on archives, histories, police reports, devotional literature, ephemera and a wealth of other sources, Catherine Emerson examines how one smaller-than-lifesized water source has come to embody a certain sort of Brussels identity.
Reise-Sprachführer Arabisch für Dummies (FÜr Dummies)
by Amine Bouchentouf"Sprachführer Arabisch für Dummies" bietet einen schnellen Überblick über die wichtigsten Wörter und Redewendungen für den Alltag. So haben Sie schnell die passenden Sätze parat, wenn Sie sich jemandem vorstellen, im Restaurant bestellen oder nach einer Wegbeschreibung fragen. Dazu bekommen Sie eine kurze Einführung in die Grammatik und die Aussprache des Arabischen.
Reise-Sprachführer Französisch für Dummies (FÜr Dummies)
by Michelle M. Williams Dodi-Katrin Schmidt Dominique Wenzel"Sprachführer Französisch für Dummies" bietet einen schnellen Überblick über die wichtigsten Wörter und Redewendungen für den Alltag. Jedes Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit einer Alltagssituation. So haben Sie schnell die passenden Sätze parat, wenn Sie sich beispielsweise jemandem vorstellen, im Restaurant bestellen oder nach einer Wegbeschreibung fragen. Dazu bekommen Sie eine kurze Einführung in die Grammatik und Aussprache des Französischen.
Reise-Sprachführer Italienisch für Dummies (Für Dummies)
by Francesca Romana Onofri Karen Antje MöllerDer "Reise-Sprachführer Italienisch für Dummies" bietet einen schnellen Überblick über die wichtigsten Wörter und Redewendungen für den Reise-Alltag. Jedes Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit einer typischen Situation. So haben Sie schnell die passenden Sätze parat, wenn Sie sich beispielsweise jemandem vorstellen, im Restaurant bestellen oder nach einer Wegbeschreibung fragen. Dazu bekommen Sie eine kurze Einführung in die Grammatik und Aussprache des Italienischen.
Reise-Sprachführer Japanisch für Dummies (Für Dummies)
by Eriko SatoMit diesem Büchlein sind Sie für die nächste Reise nach Japan gerüstet. Ob Sie in Tokio in einer Shopping Mall einkaufen, in Kyoto in einer Bar Sushi bestellen oder in Osaka über das Wetter plaudern: Hier finden Sie die passenden Sätze für die jeweilige Situation. Ganz nebenbei erfahren Sie das Wichtigste über die japanische Grammatik und bekommen viele Tipps für die richtige Aussprache.