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Survival Korean: How to Communicate without Fuss or Fear - Instantly!
by Boyé Lafayette De MenteA handy Korean phrasebook and guide to the Korean language, Survival Korean contains basic vocabulary necessary for getting around.This book contains all the necessary words and phrases for speaking Korean in any kind of setting.<P><P> Perfect for students, tourists, or business people learning Korean or travelling to Korea, it also contains a beginner guide to the Korean language, allowing for a deeper understanding of Korean than a typical Korean phrasebook or Korean dictionary. All Korean words and phrases are written in Romanized form as well phonetically, making pronouncing Korean a breeze. For example, the word for Hello!, Yoboseyo! is also written as Yoe-boh-say-yoh!. Authentic Korean script (Hangul) is also included so that in the case of difficulties the book can be shown to the person the user is trying to communicate with.This phrasebook includes:Hundreds of useful Korean words and expressionsAn English-Korean index with more than 1,000 additional words and their pronunciation for quick referenceRomanized forms, phonetic spellings, and Korean script (Hangul) for all words and phrasesA concise background and history of the Korean languageAn introduction to the Korean AlphabetA pronunciation guide for Korean syllablesA guide to Korean grammar
Survival Korean: How to Communicate without Fuss or Fear Instantly! (A Korean Language Phrasebook)
by Akiko Saito Boye Lafayette De Mente Woojoo Kim"The travel vocabulary was especially helpful. Some of the smaller towns we explored did not have a lot of English speakers and so we had to rely on my Korean skills to navigate the buses, trains, and taxis. And these books are small so they fit easily into a purse or backpack without weighing you down." -- These Temporary Tents blog
Survival Tagalog
by Joi BarriosA handy Tagalog phrasebook and guide to the official language of The Philippines, Survival Tagalog contains basic vocabulary necessary for getting around.This book contains all the necessary words and phrases for speaking Tagalog. In addition to being a Tagalog phrase book, it also contains a beginner guide to the Tagalog language, allowing for a deeper understanding of Tagalog than a typical Tagalog phrasebook or Tagalog dictionary. The book is broken into five basic sections: Common Tagalog Expressions and Key Words, Numbers and Counting in Tagalog, Tagalog Travel Vocabulary and Useful Tagalog Expressions, Filipino Geography Guide and Readings Signs in Tagalog, and Additional Tagalog Vocabulary Pronunciation Guides for Key Filipino Names and Signs. All Tagalog words and phrases are written in Tagalog as well phonetically, making pronouncing Tagalog a breeze.This phrasebook includes:Hundreds of useful Tagalog words and expressionsAn A-Z index with more than 1,000 additional words and their pronunciation, allowing the book to be used as an English to Tagalog dictionaryRomanized forms and phonetic spellings for all words and phrasesA concise background and history of the Tagalog People, Tagalog language and The PhilippinesAn introduction to the Tagalog and Filipino AlphabetsA pronunciation guide for speaking TagologA guide to Tagalog grammar
Survival Tagalog
by Joi BarriosA handy Tagalog phrasebook and guide to the official language of The Philippines, Survival Tagalog contains basic vocabulary necessary for getting around.This book contains all the necessary words and phrases for speaking Tagalog. In addition to being a Tagalog phrase book, it also contains a beginner guide to the Tagalog language, allowing for a deeper understanding of Tagalog than a typical Tagalog phrasebook or Tagalog dictionary. The book is broken into five basic sections: Common Tagalog Expressions and Key Words, Numbers and Counting in Tagalog, Tagalog Travel Vocabulary and Useful Tagalog Expressions, Filipino Geography Guide and Readings Signs in Tagalog, and Additional Tagalog Vocabulary Pronunciation Guides for Key Filipino Names and Signs. All Tagalog words and phrases are written in Tagalog as well phonetically, making pronouncing Tagalog a breeze.This phrasebook includes:Hundreds of useful Tagalog words and expressionsAn A-Z index with more than 1,000 additional words and their pronunciation, allowing the book to be used as an English to Tagalog dictionaryRomanized forms and phonetic spellings for all words and phrasesA concise background and history of the Tagalog People, Tagalog language and The PhilippinesAn introduction to the Tagalog and Filipino AlphabetsA pronunciation guide for speaking TagologA guide to Tagalog grammar
Survival Thai
by Jintana Rattanakhemakorn Thomas LamosseThis is a handy Thai phrasebook and guide to the Thai language.Find the Thai word or phrase you need in a flash! Survival Thai is a clear, practical book that gives you the most important everyday Thai words and phrases needed to get around and communicate. If you're one of the millions of people visiting Thailand and its capital city, Bangkok, each year-this is the pocket-sized phrase book to bring along. Here's why: This book is current! Unlike other books, Survival Thai offers the latest mobile phone, Internet and social media slang. It presents the key phrases you'll need no matter what situation you're in. Simple phonetic pronunciations are given for each word and phrase-so you can say the words correctly and be understood. The Thai script is there too, so you can just "point to it" if need be.As a bonus, free online videos are provided to guide you through the pronunciation and speaking lessons-and make your visit to Thailand much smoother and more fun!
Survival Vietnamese
by Bac Hoai TranA handy Vietnamese phrasebook and guide to the Vietnamese language, Survival Vietnamese contains basic vocabulary necessary for getting around. This book contains all the necessary words and phrases for speaking Vietnamese in any kind of setting. Perfect for students, tourists, or business people learning Vietnamese or traveling to Vietnam, it also contains a beginner guide to the Vietnamese language, allowing for a deeper understanding of Vietnamese than a typical Vietnamese phrasebook or Vietnamese dictionary. The book is broken into four basic sections: Common Vietnamese Expressions and Key Words, Essential Vietnamese Communication Tools, Vietnamese Travel Vocabulary, and making your own sentences. All Vietnamese words and phrases are written in Romanized form as well phonetically, making pronouncing Vietnamese a breeze. Authentic Vietnamese script is also included so that in the case of difficulties the book can be shown to the person the user is trying to communicate with. This phrasebook includes: - Hundreds of useful Vietnamese words and expressions. - An A-Z index which allows the book to function as a English-Vietnamese dictionary. - Romanized forms, phonetic spellings, and Vietnamese script for all words and phrases. - A concise background and history of the Vietnamese language. - A complete guide to Vietnamese pronunciations. - A concise guide to using Vietnamese tones. - A brief introduction to Vietnamese grammar. Not everyone has time to attend regular Vietnamese classes. A busy schedule, however, does not mean you cannot learn Vietnamese. With this fun and easy phrase book you will soon be speaking Vietnamese without fear or fuss! Titles in this bestselling phrase book series include: Survival Japanese, Survival Arabic, Survival Vietnamese, Survival Tagalog, Survival Hindi, and Survival Korean
Survival Vietnamese
by Bac Hoai TranA handy Vietnamese phrasebook and guide to the Vietnamese language, Survival Vietnamese contains basic vocabulary necessary for getting around. This book contains all the necessary words and phrases for speaking Vietnamese in any kind of setting. Perfect for students, tourists, or business people learning Vietnamese or traveling to Vietnam, it also contains a beginner guide to the Vietnamese language, allowing for a deeper understanding of Vietnamese than a typical Vietnamese phrasebook or Vietnamese dictionary. The book is broken into four basic sections: Common Vietnamese Expressions and Key Words, Essential Vietnamese Communication Tools, Vietnamese Travel Vocabulary, and making your own sentences. All Vietnamese words and phrases are written in Romanized form as well phonetically, making pronouncing Vietnamese a breeze. Authentic Vietnamese script is also included so that in the case of difficulties the book can be shown to the person the user is trying to communicate with. This phrasebook includes: Hundreds of useful Vietnamese words and expressions. An A-Z index which allows the book to function as a English-Vietnamese dictionary. Romanized forms, phonetic spellings, and Vietnamese script for all words and phrases. A concise background and history of the Vietnamese language. A complete guide to Vietnamese pronunciations. A concise guide to using Vietnamese tones. A brief introduction to Vietnamese grammar. Not everyone has time to attend regular Vietnamese classes. A busy schedule, however, does not mean you cannot learn Vietnamese. With this fun and easy phrase book you will soon be speaking Vietnamese without fear or fuss! Titles in this bestselling phrase book series include: Survival Japanese, Survival Arabic, Survival Vietnamese, Survival Tagalog, Survival Hindi, and Survival Korean
Survival Vietnamese
by Bac Hoai TranA handy Vietnamese phrasebook and guide to the Vietnamese language, Survival Vietnamese contains basic vocabulary necessary for getting around.This book contains all the necessary words and phrases for speaking Vietnamese in any kind of setting. Perfect for students, tourists, or business people learning Vietnamese or traveling to Vietnam, it also contains a beginner guide to the Vietnamese language, allowing for a deeper understanding of Vietnamese than a typical Vietnamese phrasebook or Vietnamese dictionary. The book is broken into four basic sections: Common Vietnamese Expressions and Key Words, Essential Vietnamese Communication Tools, Vietnamese Travel Vocabulary, and making your own sentences. All Vietnamese words and phrases are written in Romanized form as well phonetically, making pronouncing Vietnamese a breeze. Authentic Vietnamese script is also included so that in the case of difficulties the book can be shown to the person the user is trying to communicate with.This phrasebook includes: Hundreds of useful Vietnamese words and expressions. An A-Z index which allows the book to function as a English-Vietnamese dictionary. Romanized forms, phonetic spellings, and Vietnamese script for all words and phrases. A concise background and history of the Vietnamese language. A complete guide to Vietnamese pronunciations. A concise guide to using Vietnamese tones. A brief introduction to Vietnamese grammar.Not everyone has time to attend regular Vietnamese classes. A busy schedule, however, does not mean you cannot learn Vietnamese. With this fun and easy phrase book you will soon be speaking Vietnamese without fear or fuss! Titles in this bestselling phrase book series include: Survival Japanese, Survival Arabic, Survival Vietnamese, Survival Tagalog, Survival Hindi, and Survival Korean
Sustainability of Blended Language Learning Programs: Technology Integration in English for Academic Purposes (Routledge Focus on Applied Linguistics)
by Paul Gruba Cynthia Nicholas PalikatThis book focuses on the investigation of the sustainability of technology integration in the context of language programs and is based around an 18-month longitudinal study of a blended EAP (English for Academic Purposes) language program situated within a university pathways course. The integration of technology into language teaching and learning in academic English programs often demands substantial investment in professional development, curriculum change, and technological resources. Given the intense effort required, sustainability of such efforts has gained importance, focus, and urgency. Situated in the context of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programs, this book frames, and investigates, the sustainability of technology integration through a series of case studies of specific technologies: tablet devices, a Learning Management System, and an interactive presentation app. The authors explore sustainable integration of technology; the use of argument-based approaches as a basis for research design; and participant ethnography as a form of data collection. The book concludes by looking at the implications of the research and proposes that change management concepts be applied to better introduce, implement, and most importantly, sustain change involving educational technology integration. The content will be of interest to scholars in TESOL and applied linguistics as well as professional language educators who will benefit from insights into sustaining technology integration in their programs.
Sustaining Cultural and Disability Identities in the Literacy Classroom, K-6
by Amy Tondreau Laurie RabinowitzIdeal for literacy methods and elementary instruction courses, this book brings together three strands of educational practice—Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy (CSP), Disability Sustaining Pedagogy (DSP), and balanced literacy—to present a cohesive, comprehensive framework for literacy instruction that meets the needs of all learners. Situating balanced literacy instruction within the current debate on how to best teach elementary school literacy, this book prepares pre-service and in-service teachers to work with racially, ethnically, and linguistically diverse students of all abilities and disabilities and addresses effective curriculum design, lesson planning, and assessment. Chapters offer real-world classroom examples and lesson plans, charts, and discussion guides for CSP/DSP-infused instruction for each component of a balanced literacy instructional block.
Swahili For Dummies
by Seline Okeno Asmaha HeddiLearn the official language of Kenya and Tanzania Swahili For Dummies will teach you the basics of Swahili, so you can start conversing in Africa’s language of commerce. This book introduces you to the foundations of Swahili grammar and enables you to engage in basic conversations. With the simplified Dummies learning process, you’ll quickly get a grasp on the language, without complex terms and confusing explanations. You’ll also move through the book at a comfortable pace, so you’ll be familiar with what you’ve learned before moving on to more complex stuff. Focus on communication and interaction in everyday situations, so you can actually use the language you’re studying—right away. Understand the basics of Swahili Learn everyday words and phrases Gain the confidence to engage in conversations in Swahili Communicate while traveling and talk to Swahili-speaking family members Swahili For Dummies is for readers of all ages who want to learn the basics of Swahili in a no-stress, beginner-friendly way. Swahili teachers will also love sharing this practical approach with their students.
Swahili Grammar and Workbook
by Fidèle MpiranyaSwahili Grammar and Workbook provides a practical and comprehensive companion to Swahili grammar, filling in gaps left by other textbooks. Presenting the essentials of Swahili grammar in a highly accessible fashion, it reduces complex language topics to helpful rules and mnemonic aids, enabling maximum grammar retention and accurate usage. Grammar points are followed by multiple examples and exercises, allowing students to consolidate and practice their learning. No prior knowledge of linguistic terminology is required. Key features include: Twenty five language notes covering key topics such as: personal pronouns; the Swahili noun class system; special class combinations; the imperative, the subjunctive, and the conditional moods; the use of comparatives; the use of monosyllabic verbs; the passive form and various other forms of verb extensions; the relative clause Clear, detailed and jargon-free grammatical explanations supported by an assortment of helpful diagrams, charts and tables and many relevant and up-to-date examples A wide range of communication-oriented exercises to reinforce learning and develop students’ ability to use Swahili actively Audio files to support pronunciation practice, clearly linked to relevant sections of the book and available for free download at http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9781138808263/ Four appendices, Swahili-English and English-Swahili vocabulary lists, a bibliography and an index presented at the back of the book for easy access to information. Written by a highly experienced instructor, Swahili Grammar and Workbook will be an essential resource for all students and teachers of Swahili. It is suitable for use both as a companion reference text in language courses and as a standalone text in independent grammar classes.
Swahili in Spaces of War: A Sociolinguistic Odyssey (Palgrave Studies in Languages at War)
by Alamin Mazrui Kimani NjoguThis monograph examines the roles and functions of Swahili in war/conflict situations, and the impact of wars on the destiny of the language. Covering a period of over a century, the monograph explores this sociolinguistic theme in the context of six wars/conflicts: the Maji Maji resistance against German rule, the two World Wars, the anti-colonial resistance to British colonialism, the wars of the Great Lakes region, the cold wars, and the ongoing war against terrorism. In geographical focus, some of the war situations explored here are “local,” others are “transnational,” and others still rather “global” in scope and ramifications. In the final analysis, the monograph provides important snapshots of the conflict-based history of the Swahili language, demonstrating once again that language is a malleable tool that can be appropriated and galvanized to serve the interests of either party in a conflict and sometimes as a means of creating hegemonic and anti-hegemonic meanings.
Swedish: An Essential Grammar (Routledge Essential Grammars)
by Ian Hinchliffe Philip HolmesThis fully revised third edition of Swedish: An Essential Grammar incorporates changes proposed to Swedish grammar by Svenska Akademiens grammatik. Examples have been fully updated and the bibliography has been expanded. Swedish: An Essential Grammar provides a fresh and accessible description of the language. Explanations are free of jargon and emphasis has been placed on areas of Swedish that pose a particular challenge for English-speaking learners. The book offers: • a clear, accessible format; • authentic examples of language use, taken from a range of media; • clear, jargon-free explanations of grammar. Suitable for independent study or for class-based tuition, Swedish: An Essential Grammar continues to be an invaluable source to all learners looking to improve their knowledge of Swedish grammar.
Swedish: An Elementary Grammar-reader
by Gladys Hird Goran Huss Goran HartmanThis grammar-reader is based on almost twenty years' experience of teaching beginners the Swedish language and is reassuringly practical in approach. Miss Hird's aims are threefold: to provide a compromise between the traditional grammar-readers and the new textbooks which are not designed for beginners outside Sweden; to supply grammatical information and exercises and reading texts together for ease of reference; and to stimulate the student's interest in Swedish life, institutions and culture. The grammar part of the book is in seventeen lessons, each comprising a text in Swedish which Miss Hird has specially composed to include useful vocabulary and graded grammatical points upon which exercises (including translation exercises) are set for practice. The central theme of the texts is Stockholm, and attractive drawings illustrate it. To help the student, there is a full vocabulary list covering all the lessons, a brief summary of Swedish grammar, a glossary of grammatical terms, a check list of irregular verbs and a comprehensive index of the grammatical points covered in the book. In the reader part of the book, the texts chosen range from a short play by Strindberg to a sketch by Stig Claesson, one of Sweden's most popular contemporary authors. Each text is preceded by a short biographical and literary introduction and is followed by questions designed to test the student's comprehension and to stimulate his appreciation.
Swedish: An Essential Grammar (Routledge Comprehensive Grammars)
by Philip Holmes Ian HinchliffeWinner of the Swedish National Language Council’s Erik Wellander Prize, 2003 Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar is an award-winning complete reference guide to modern Swedish grammar. Systematic and accessible, the volume is organised to promote a thorough understanding of Swedish grammar, presenting the complexities of Swedish in a concise and readable form. Explanations are full, clear and free of jargon, and an extensive index, numbered paragraphs, cross-references and summary charts provide readers with easy access to the information they require. Now in its third edition, the text has been comprehensively updated to conform to new standards set in the description of language and to reflect the recommendations of the Language Council of Sweden. It offers an improved layout, completely revised index and more user-friendly paragraph structure. Continuing the tradition of previous editions, the emphasis remains fixed on Swedish in everyday communication, drawing on modern corpus material, the internet and the media to provide high frequency words and expressions. Examples have been modernised throughout and new content takes account of recent trends resulting from the increasing democratisation of written Swedish. Features include: detailed treatment of grammatical structures and parts of speech a wealth of examples from present-day Swedish particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty for learners Swedish/English contrasts highlighted throughout the book chapters on word formation, orthography and punctuation. Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar is the most thorough and detailed Swedish grammar available in English and is an essential reference source for the learner and user of Swedish, irrespective of level. It is ideal for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.
Syllable Weight: Phonetics, Phonology, Typology
by Matthew GordonThe book is the first systematic exploration of a series of phonological phenomena previously thought to be unified under the rubric of syllable weight. Drawing on a typological survey of 400 languages, it is shown that the traditional conception that languages are internally consistent in their weight criteria across weight-based processes is not corroborated by the cross-linguistic survey. Rather than being consistent across phenomena within individual languages, weight turns out to be sensitive to the particular processes involved such that different phenomena display different distributions in weight criteria. The book goes on to explore the motivations behind the process-specific nature of weight, showing that phonetic factors explain much of the variation in weight criteria between phenomena and also the variation in criteria between languages for a single process. The book is unlike other studies in combining an extensive typological survey with detailed phonetic analysis of many languages. The finding that the widely studied phenomenon of syllable weight is not a unified phenomenon, contrary to the established view, is a significant result for the field of theoretical phonology. The book is also an important contribution to the field of phonetically-driven phonology, since it establishes a close link between the phonology of weight and various quantitative phonetic parameters.
The Syllables of Time: Proust and the History of Reading
by Teresa WhitingtonThis study reveals reading to be one of the main activities to occupy the inhabitants of the world of Marcel Prousts novel A la recherche du temps perdu. Characters do not just read books but have access to the journals and newspapers of a rapidly expanding print industry. They receive letters and postcards from family and friends. The posters of a nascent advertising industry tempt them to spend an evening at the theatre or a holiday by the sea, and new forms of communication, such as telegraphy, enter their lives and require new strategies of deciphering. All human activity is glossed by means of a series of metaphors of reading, extending the readers domain beyond the written text. Through a series of illuminating analyses, Teresa Whitington shows how this web of references builds into a specifically Proustian account of both the outer, social context of reading and the inner, psychological world of the reader. Proust offers a contribution to the history of reading in the France of his own lifetime and suggests that reading is the very condition of the writing of his fiction.
Symmetry Breaking in Syntax
by Hubert HaiderIn this illuminating new theory of grammar, Hubert Haider demonstrates that there is a basic asymmetry in the phrase structure of any language, whatever sentence structure it takes. Moreover, he argues that understanding this asymmetry is the key to understanding the grammatical causality underlying a broad range of core syntactic phenomena. Until now, Germanic languages have been seen to fall into two distinct classes: those which take an object-verb sentence structure (OV) or a verb-object one (VO). However, by examining the nature of this universal underlying asymmetry, Hubert Haider reveals a third syntactic type: 'Type III'. In particular, he employs the third type to explore the cognitive evolution of grammar which gave rise to the structural asymmetry and its typological implications. Symmetry Breaking in Syntax will appeal to academic researchers and graduate students involved in comparative and theoretical syntax and the cognitive evolution of grammar.
Syntactic Borrowing in Contemporary French: A Linguistic Analysis of News Translation
by Mairi MaLaughlinIt is widely held that the large-scale translation of international news from English will lead to changes in French syntax. For the first time this assumption is put to the test using extensive fieldwork carried out in an international news agency and a corpus of translated news agency dispatches. The linguistic analysis of three syntactic structures in the translations is complemented by an investigation of the effects of a range of factors including, most notably, the speed at which the translation is carried out. The analysis sheds new light on the ways in which news translation could lead to syntactic borrowing in French, and by extension, in other languages.
Syntactic Carpentry: An Emergentist Approach to Syntax
by William O'GradySyntactic Carpentry: An Emergentist Approach to Syntax presents a groundbreaking approach to the study of sentence formation. Building on the emergentist thesis that the structure and use of language is shaped by more basic, non-linguistic forces—rather than by an innate Universal Grammar—William O'Grady shows how the defining properties of various core syntactic phenomena (phrase structure, co-reference, control, agreement, contraction, and extraction) follow from the operation of a linear, efficiency-driven processor. This in turn leads to a compelling new view of sentence formation that subsumes syntactic theory into the theory of sentence processing, eliminating grammar in the traditional sense from the study of the language faculty. With this text, O'Grady advances a growing body of literature on emergentist approaches to language, and situates this work in a broader picture that also includes attention to key issues in the study of language acquisition, psycholinguistics, and agrammaticism. This book constitutes essential reading for anyone interested in syntax and its place in the larger enterprise of cognitive science.
The Syntactic Structures of Korean
by Jong-Bok KimCovering both core and peripheral phenomena, The Syntactic Structures of Korean is a concrete and precise grammar of the language. Based on the framework of Sign-based Construction Grammar, it provides a grammar of Korean which is computationally implementable and cognitively viable. Remarkably broad, yet in-depth, it is an outstanding analysis of Korean syntax and semantics which will be welcomed by those working in linguistics and the Korean language.
The Syntax of Arabic
by Joseph E. Aoun Elabbas Benmamoun Lina ChoueiriRecent research on the syntax of Arabic has produced valuable literature on the major syntactic phenomena found in the language. This guide to Arabic syntax provides an overview of the major syntactic constructions in Arabic that have featured in recent linguistic debates, and discusses the analyses provided for them in the literature. A broad variety of topics are covered, including argument structure, negation, tense, agreement phenomena, and resumption. The discussion of each topic sums up the key research results and provides new points of departure for further research. The book also contrasts Standard Arabic with other Arabic varieties spoken in the Arab world. An engaging guide to Arabic syntax, this book will be invaluable to graduate students interested in Arabic grammar, as well as syntactic theorists and typologists.
The Syntax of Negation and the Licensing of Negative Polarity Items in Hindi (Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics)
by Rajesh KumarThis books studies syntax of NPIs and their interaction with sentential negatives in Hindi. It outlines the clause structure of Hindi and locates the syntactic position of sentential negatives as well as constituent negatives within the structure. It is argued that sentential negative in Hindi negation marker heads its own maximal projection, NegP, which is immediately dominated by TP. In addition to locating the position of negation markers in the clause structure, it outlines the distribution of negative polarity items (NPIs) in Hindi and the structural constraints on their licensing by sentential negative. The book argues that an NPI in Hindi is licensed overtly in the course of derivation by a c-commanding negative marker. The bulk of the evidence presented in this book argues against previous theoretical accounts that claim that NPI licensing involves covert syntactic operations such as LF movement or reconstruction. With respect to the classification of NPIs , this book also shows the existence of two different types of NPIs in Hindi; namely, strong NPIs and weak NPIs. Strong NPIs require a clause mate c-commanding negative licensor, whereas weak NPIs are quantifiers and are similar to free choice 'any' in English that are interpreted as NPIs in the presence of a c-commanding negative licensor.
The Syntax of Possession in Japanese (Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics)
by Takae TsujiokaFirst Published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.