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The Shoulders We Stand On: A History of Bilingual Education in New Mexico
by Rebecca Blum Martinez and Mary Jean Habermann LópezThe Shoulders We Stand On traces the complex history of bilingual education in New Mexico, covering Spanish, Diné, and Pueblo languages. The book focuses on the formal establishment of bilingual education infrastructure and looks at the range of contemporary challenges facing the educational environment today. The book&’s contributors highlight particular actions, initiatives, and people that have made significant impacts on bilingual education in New Mexico, and they place New Mexico&’s experience in context with other states&’ responses to bilingual education. The book also includes an excellent timeline of bilingual education in the state. The Shoulders We Stand On is the first book to delve into the history of bilingual education in New Mexico and to present New Mexico&’s leaders, families, and educators who have pioneered program development, legislation, policy, evaluation, curriculum development, and teacher preparation in the field of bilingual multicultural education at state and national levels. Historians of education, educators, and educators in training will want to consider this as required reading.
The Sino-Tibetan Languages (Routledge Language Family Series #1a)
by Graham Thurgood Randy J. LapollaThere are more native speakers of Sino-Tibetan languages than of any other language family in the world. Our records of these languages are among the oldest for any human language, and the amount of active research on them has multiplied in the last few decades. Now in its second edition and fully updated to include new research, The Sino-Tibetan Languages includes overview articles on individual languages, with an emphasis on the less commonly described languages, as well as descriptions and comments on the subgroups in which they occur. There are overviews of the whole family on genetic classification and language contact, syntax and morphology, and also on word order typology. There are also more detailed overview articles on the phonology, morphosyntax, and writing system of just the Sinitic side of the family. Supplementing these overviews are articles on Shanghainese, Cantonese and Mandarin dialects. Tibeto-Burman is reviewed by genetic or geographical sub-group, with overview articles on some of the major groups and areas, and there are also detailed descriptions of 41 individual Tibeto-Burman languages, written by world experts in the field. Designed for students and researchers of Asian languages, The Sino-Tibetan Languages is a detailed overview of the field. This book is invaluable to language students, experts requiring concise, but thorough, information on related languages, and researchers working in historical, typological and comparative linguistics.
The Snow and the Sun / La Nieve y el Sol: A South American Folk Rhyme in Two Languages
by Antonio Frasconi"The richly drawn woodcuts by the author in three colors are the outstanding features of this South American folk rhyme offered both in Spanish and English," raved Kirkus of this splendid picture book. Antonio Frasconi, recognized internationally for his bold and striking woodcut illustrations, breathes new life into an old folk rhyme about a weary traveler who questions the elements about their effects on his aching feet. Each new line is added to the preceding rhymes, forming a chain that circles back to the beginning and a memorable chant for youngsters. <P><P> Written in both languages in the simple, direct style of nursery rhymes, this volume was honored as Best Illustrated Book of the Year by The New York Times. The timeless beauty of its woodcuts and the enduring appeal of its folk poetry ensure its enduring value as both an engaging dual-language book and a visual treat for readers of all ages.
The Social Life of Numbers: A Quechua Ontology of Numbers and Philosophy of Arithmetic
by Gary UrtonUnraveling all the mysteries of the khipu -the knotted string device used by the Inka to record both statistical data and narrative accounts of myths, histories, and genealogies-will require an understanding of how number values and relations may have been used to encode information on social, familial, and political relationships and structures. This is the problem Gary Urton tackles in his pathfinding study of the origin, meaning, and significance of numbers and the philosophical principles underlying the practice of arithmetic among Quechua-speaking peoples of the Andes. Based on fieldwork in communities around Sucre, in south-central Bolivia, Urton argues that the origin and meaning of numbers were and are conceived of by Quechua-speaking peoples in ways similar to their ideas about, and formulations of, gender, age, and social relations. He also demonstrates that their practice of arithmetic is based on a well-articulated body of philosophical principles and values that reflects a continuous attempt to maintain balance, harmony, and equilibrium in the material, social, and moral spheres of community life.
The Social Life of the Japanese Language
by Okamoto, Shigeko and Shibamoto-Smith, Janet S. Shigeko Okamoto Shibamoto-Smith, Janet S.Why are different varieties of the Japanese language used differently in social interaction, and how are they perceived? How do honorifics operate to express diverse affective stances, such as politeness? Why have issues of gendered speech been so central in public discourse, and how are they reflected and refracted in language use as social practice? This book examines Japanese sociolinguistic phenomena from a fascinating new perspective, focusing on the historical construction of language norms and its relationship to actual language use in contemporary Japan. This socio-historically sensitive account stresses the different choices which have shaped Japanese and Western sociolinguistics and how varieties of Japanese, honorifics and politeness, and gendered language have emerged in response to the socio-political landscape in which a modernizing Japan found itself.
The Sociolinguistics of Academic Publishing: Language and the Practices of Homo Academicus
by Linus SalöThis book presents a sociolinguistics of academic publishing from an historical and contemporary perspective. Using Swedish academia as a case study, it focuses on publishing practices within history and psychology. The author demonstrates how new regimes of research evaluation and performance-based funding are impinging on university life. His central argument, following the French sociologist Bourdieu, is that the trend towards publishing in English should be understood as a social strategy, developed in response to such transformations. Thought-provoking and challenging, this book will interest students and scholars of sociolinguistics, language planning and language policy, research policy, sociology of science, history and psychology.
The Sociolinguistics of Iran’s Languages at Home and Abroad: The Case of Persian, Azerbaijani, and Kurdish
by Seyed Hadi MirvahediThis book examines the sociolinguistics of some of Iran’s languages at home and in the diaspora. The first part of the book examines the politics of minority languages and the presence of hegemonic discourses which favour Persian (Farsi) in Iran, exploring issues such as language maintenance and shift, linguistic ideologies and practices among Azerbaijani and Kurdish-speaking communities. The authors then go on to examine Iranians’ linguistic ideologies, practices and (trans)national identity construction in the diaspora, investigating both the challenges of maintaining a home language and the strategies and linguistic repertoires employed when constructing a diasporic identity away from home. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of minority languages and communities, diaspora and migration studies, and language policy and planning.
The Somali Within: Language, Race and Belonging in Minor Italian Literature
by Brioni SimoneThe recent histories of Italy and Somalia are closely linked. Italy colonized Somalia from the end of the 19th century to 1941, and held the territory by UN mandate from 1950 to 1960. Italy is also among the destination countries of the Somali diaspora, which increased in 1991 after civil war. Nonetheless, this colonial and postcolonial cultural encounter has often been neglected. Critically evaluating Gilles Deleuze and F�x Guattari�s concept of �minor literature�, as well as drawing on postcolonial literary studies, The Somali Within analyses the processes of linguistic and cultural translation and self-translation, the political engagement with race, gender, class and religious discrimination, and the complex strategies of belonging and unbelonging at work in the literary works in Italian by authors of Somali origins. Brioni proposes that the �minor� Somali Italian connection might offer a major insight into the transnational dimension of contemporary �Italian� literature and �Somali� culture.
The Sorrows of Young Werther/Die Leiden des jungen Werther: A Dual-Language Book
by Johann Wolfgang Goethe Stanley AppelbaumLoosely based on Goethe's personal experiences, the novel is written mostly in the form of letters in which Werther recounts his unrequited love for a married woman. Its Sturm und Drang style, portraying the rebellion of youthful genius against conventional standards, makes it a perennial favorite with readers of every era.
The Sounds of Korean
by Jiyoung Shin Jieun Kiaer Jaeeun ChaThis introduction to the sounds of Korean is designed for English-speaking students with no prior knowledge of the language and includes online sound files, which demonstrate the sounds and pronunciation described. It will be an invaluable resource for students of Korean wanting to understand the basis of the current state of Korean phonetics and phonology, as well as for those studying Korean linguistics. - Provides a complete and authoritative description and explanation of the current state of Korean phonetics and phonology - Gives clear comparisons with English and provides practical advice on pronunciation - Provides a wealth of authentic Korean examples. - Each chapter contains exercises and Did you know? sections to help students put their knowledge into practice.
The Spanish Perfects: Pathways of Emergent Meaning (Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Language Variation)
by Chad HoweThis book considers the role of cross-dialectal data in our understanding of linguistic variability, focusing on the widely discussed dichotomy between past tense forms and relying primarily on spoken language data from different varieties of Spanish.
The Spanish Subjunctive: A Reference for Teachers
by Hans-Jörg BuschA Complete Guide to the Spanish Subjunctive is the most complete reference guide to the use of the subjunctive in Spanish. Along with an exhaustive review of published literature on the subjunctive, the book also includes a thorough discussion of the uses and meanings of the subjunctive as well as examples throughout drawn from linguistic corpora such as the CREA database. The book presents a comprehensive theory of the subjunctive and provides practical rules for understanding, teaching and acquiring the Spanish subjunctive. This book includes: "Your Turn" sections that invite readers to reflect on the content discussed and on their own experiences in teaching the subjunctive A "Synopsis" section that summarizes the content of the work and offers practical suggestions for teaching the subjunctive Two indexes providing a summary of verb conjugation in the subjunctive and an alphabetical list of expressions used with the subjunctive.
The Spanish Travelmate
by Lexus Alicia de Benito Harland Mike HarlandThe Spanish Travelmate phrasebook and dictionary gives you a detailed yet easy-to-use A to Z list of English words and phrases with Spanish translations for quick-find reference. There are more than 3500 words and phrases, and the Spanish translations come together with an easy-to-read pronunciation guide. Tap a hyperlink (there are hundreds of them) to go to special sections: travel tips about being in Spain; basic language notes; typical Spanish replies to your Spanish questions; conversion tables. These are features which make the Travelmate the must-have ebook Spanish phrasebook download for the traveller who wants to really communicate. The Spanish Travelmate phrasebook and dictionary also gives you a detailed Spanish menu reader of over 500 items and a dictionary section with translations of over 300 common Spanish signs and notices. This is the little book that's a big help. And a joined-up language experience.
The Spirit of England: Selected Essays of Stephen Medcalf
by Stephen MedcalfStephen Medcalf (1937-2006) was an essayist, in the best traditional sense of that calling: a writer not of books but of substantial and justly celebrated essays, widely read in the Times Literary Supplement and elsewhere. Medcalf's abiding question to the world was the Psalmist's: 'What is man that thou art mindful of him?' His was a Blakean sense of Englishness, far from the chocolate-box painting or the television adaptation, and for him the strongest writers were those keenly aware of their roots in the classical, Anglo-Saxon or Celtic past. By gathering together Medcalf's most important work, this volume shows the coherence of his thinking, and of the elusive, complicated literary heritage he celebrated, one which acknowledges the Greco-Roman strain, the Christian strain, the down-to-earth humour and the sly irony. Thirteen substantial essays cover Virgil, the Bible, the English translation of Alfred, Piers Plowman, the 'half-alien culture' of the high Middle Ages, Chaucer's contemporary Thomas Usk, Shakespeare's images of resurrection, Horace and Kipling juxtaposed, G. K. Chesterton, T. S. Eliot's use of Ovid, P. G. Wodehouse, William Golding, John Betjeman, Geoffrey Hill and other writers. The book concludes with perhaps Medcalf's most personal article of all: his account of finding a baby in a phone box on a cold winter's night, which first appeared in the Guardian Christmas Supplement in 2002.
The State of Minority Languages
by Sjaak KroonMany regional languages across the world are threatened by modernization and urbanization whilst the universal and rapid rise of migration has created new and unprecedented forms of multilingualism. Aspects of education, national policies and attitudes towards minority languages are documented.
The Status of English in Bosnia and Herzegovina
by Louisa BuckinghamWhen Yugoslavia disintegrated in the early 1990s, competence in English was not widespread. This book explores how English came to be equated with economic survival for many during and after the ensuing war through a range of diverse social and professional contexts, from the classroom to the military to the International Criminal Court. While English provided social mobility for many, its abrupt arrival also contributed to the marginalization of those without the adequate language skills. The high level of international intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina over the last two decades has contributed to a sense of normalization of the presence of English. Viewed as a far more complex issue than simple linguistic imposition, this book explores the widespread adoption of English and its effects on a nation recovering from war.
The Strange M. Proust
by Andre BenhaimThe strange M. Proust - the narrator, the author, and the embodiment of A la Recherche du Temps perdu - is now so canonical a writer that his very strangeness is easily overlooked. His book made of other books, his epic composed of extraordinary miniatures, his orderly structure where every law is subverted, his chronology where time can be undone and his geography where places can superimpose: in these, and many other ways, Proust continues to astonish even readers who have engaged with him for their entire careers. In this book, arising from the Princeton symposium of 2006, major critics come together to offer provocative readings of a work which is at the same time classical and unusual, French and foreign, familiar and strange. The book is dedicated to the memory of Malcolm Bowie (1943-2007), whose keynote address was one of his last major lectures. Other contributors include David Ellison, Anne Simon, Eugene Nicole, Joseph Brami, Raymonde Coudert, Christie McDonald, Michael Wood and Antoine Compagnon.
The Street-Wise Spanish Survival Guide: A Dictionary of Over 3,000 Slang Expressions, Proverbs, Idioms, and Other Tricky English and Spanish Words and Phrases Translated and Explained
by Eleanor Hamer Fernando Díez de UrdaniviaIf you were dropped into the middle of Managua, Mexico City, or Miami, would you know how to speak not only the language, but also the lingo? In The Street-Wise Spanish Survival Guide, the reader who is already familiar with Spanish will discover the banter and metaphor (both polite and rude) that enrich the spoken language as it is really used, hints on avoiding embarrassing mistakes in grammar, and a list of dreaded false cognates. Full of advice on pronunciation and tips on customs and manners, and keyed with time-saving symbols, this is the best guide available to understanding and appreciating Spanish as it is spoken in Latin America and the United States.
The Structure of Arabic: A Workbook in the Ten Measures
by David DiMeo Inas HassanThe Structure of Arabic: A Workbook in the Ten Measures is a comprehensive guide and workbook in the ten measures of Arabic words, the backbone of the Arabic lexical system, and provides a systematic explanation of the root and pattern system that forms the basis of most Arabic words. Successful Arabic learners have long recognized mastery of these measures and patterns as key to understand the Arabic language. With knowledge of this system, learners will be able to predict the meaning of unfamiliar words, recognize the function of words, and understand correct pronunciation of Arabic words, making vocabulary acquisition and retention easier. This unique textbook introduces measures and patterns sequentially across ten chapters, helping learners to navigate the topics in a logical manner. Without complicated jargon or technical language, this easy-to-understand textbook demystifies key topics in Arabic grammar. Comparative sentences which encapsulate the differences between measures give context, and exercises within the chapters serve to consolidate the learners’ grasp of the material presented.Designed to supplement both class-based Arabic courses and independent study, The Structure of Arabic will help learners of Arabic at all levels of competency to improve their vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling, and comprehension.
The Structure of Spoken Language
by Philippe MartinUsing an innovative approach, this book focuses on a widely debated area of phonetics and phonology: intonation, and specifically its relation to metrics, its interface with syntax, and whether it can be attributed more to phonetics or phonology, or equally to both. Drawing on data from six Romance languages (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan and Romanian), whose rich intonation patterns have long been of interest to linguists, J-Philippe Martin challenges the assumptions of traditional phonological approaches, and re-evaluates the data in favour of a new usage-based model of intonation. He proposes a unified description of the sentence prosodic structure, focusing on the dynamic and cognitive aspects of both production and perception of intonation in speech, leading to a unified grammar of Romance languages' sentence intonation. This book will be welcomed by researchers and advanced students in phonetics and phonology.
The Students We Share: Preparing US and Mexican Educators for Our Transnational Future
by Patricia Gándara; Bryant JensenMillions of students in the US and Mexico begin their educations in one country and find themselves trying to integrate into the school system of the other. As global migration increases, their numbers are expected to grow and more and more teachers will find these transnational students in their classrooms. The goal of The Students We Share is to prepare educators for this present and future reality. While the US has been developing English as a Second Language programs for decades, Mexican schools do not offer such programs in Spanish and neither the US nor Mexico has prepared its teachers to address the educational, social-psychological, or other personal needs of transnational students. Teachers know little about the circumstances of transnational students' lives or histories and have little to no knowledge of the school systems of the country from which they or their family come. As such, they are fundamentally unprepared to equitably educate the "students we share," who often fall through the cracks and end their educations prematurely. Written by both Mexican and US pioneers in the field, chapters in this volume aim to prepare educators on both sides of the US-Mexico border to better understand the circumstances, strengths, and needs of the transnational students we teach. With recommendations for policymakers, administrators, teacher educators, teachers, and researchers in both countries, The Students We Share shows how preparing teachers is our shared responsibility and opportunity. It describes policies, classroom practices, and norms of both systems, as well as examples of ongoing partnerships across borders to prepare the teachers we need for our shared students to thrive.
The Study of EFL Learners’ Oral Language Development (China Perspectives)
by Hanjing YuThe book provides a systematic investigation of the dynamic trajectories in the oral language development of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners, integrating both inter-individual variation and intra-individual variability. It also identifies unobserved heterogeneity in oral language production.Using longitudinal designs, comprehensive developmental data collection, and innovative analytic techniques, the study reveals distinct developmental trajectories in the oral language systems of EFL learners. It also examines the interactions among complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF), exploring the potential of complex dynamic systems theory (CDST)-inspired approaches to studying oral language development and their implications for teaching oral language to Chinese learners. In addition, by employing the novel growth mixture model (GMM) method, the study identifies salient developmental patterns of CAF within a larger population, thereby contributing to the generalizability of findings from CDST-based language development research.This book will be valuable to students, researchers, and educational practitioners interested in oral language development and complex dynamic systems theory.
The Subversive Poetics of Alfred Jarry: Ubusing Culture in the Almanachs Du Pere Ubu
by Marieke DubbelboerParadox and provocation were essential features of all of the work of Alfred Jarry (1873-1907). His non-conformist attitude, whether employed to subvert literary or artistic conventions or to scrutinize social and political issues, marked both his literary writing and his view of the world. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the experimental and satirical Almanachs du Pere Ubu (1898 and 1901), which to date have received little critical attention. Jarry's groundbreaking use of collage in these early works, his absurdist humour and his rethinking of literary authorship and artistic originality foreshadow many innovations of twentieth-century art and literature. In this generously illustrated study Marieke Dubbelboer examines key characteristics of Jarry's poetics through an analysis of the Almanachs and addresses their role within the European avant-garde.
The Syllables of Time: Proust and the History of Reading
by Teresa WhitingtonThis study reveals reading to be one of the main activities to occupy the inhabitants of the world of Marcel Prousts novel A la recherche du temps perdu. Characters do not just read books but have access to the journals and newspapers of a rapidly expanding print industry. They receive letters and postcards from family and friends. The posters of a nascent advertising industry tempt them to spend an evening at the theatre or a holiday by the sea, and new forms of communication, such as telegraphy, enter their lives and require new strategies of deciphering. All human activity is glossed by means of a series of metaphors of reading, extending the readers domain beyond the written text. Through a series of illuminating analyses, Teresa Whitington shows how this web of references builds into a specifically Proustian account of both the outer, social context of reading and the inner, psychological world of the reader. Proust offers a contribution to the history of reading in the France of his own lifetime and suggests that reading is the very condition of the writing of his fiction.
The Syntactic Structures of Korean
by Jong-Bok KimCovering both core and peripheral phenomena, The Syntactic Structures of Korean is a concrete and precise grammar of the language. Based on the framework of Sign-based Construction Grammar, it provides a grammar of Korean which is computationally implementable and cognitively viable. Remarkably broad, yet in-depth, it is an outstanding analysis of Korean syntax and semantics which will be welcomed by those working in linguistics and the Korean language.