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Red Velvet
by Sandra ByrdTwo teenage girls are united by their mothers' illnesses. In helping her mother accomplish everything on a childhood wish list, Quinn wonders if she's giving her mom permission to die. Her new friend's mother has hopes and dreams, too, along with a secret they finally must discuss.
Red, Luke, and Patty
by Amy TaoRed is a red blood cell. Luke is a leukocyte, or white blood cell. Patty is a platelet. What do these three have in common? They are the workers in your blood. Read to find out why each worker is important for your body.
Redeemed Sexuality: A Guide to Sexuality for Christian Singles, Campus Students, Teens, and Parents
by Tim KonzenYou are a sexual person. Whether you are single or married, a teenager or an older single adult, God created you as a sexual person. So how do we inhabit our sexuality in a way that brings honor to God? And what exactly is sexuality? Is it just sexual intercourse? Or is it perhaps something much greater?God created them male and female. From the moment of our conception, we are born in this act of creation as a sexual being. God's creation was the work of a master artist. It is vital that we discover both the artwork and the artist. God intended for sex to be a wonderful good. When someone allows God to guide them in how they engage in sex, it can be.However, sometimes sexuality has become a source of shame, guilt, pain, confusion, frustration, and sorrow. Sexual challenges can come from the choices we make, from the things that others do against us, and from the ways in which Satan has inundated the world with a tsunami of destructive words and images about sex. Those challenges can also come from the lack of being able to talk openly about sex. Perhaps you want to lead a life of sexual purity but you are finding it hard to find solid, biblical answers to some of the very real questions you have. You may feel like you've tried to bring up these things with those involved in your life but that you often receive the same-old trite and empty arguments about purity: "Just wait" or "Just repent" or "God has a plan. Be patient."So how do we reconcile God’s intricate and amazing plan for sex with the devastation, destruction, and frustration that sex outside of His plan can cause? How can we pursue purity and honor sexuality at the same time? What exactly is God's plan for sexuality for those who are not married?Redeeming Sexuality answers many of these and other questions that singles, teens, and parents ask the authors in their conferences and sessions, including: What is God’s plan for sex?How should single, working professionals, college students, teens, and all other unmarried individuals understand their sexuality in light of God’s plan? What is allowed and how far is too far? How can we have healthy, intimate connections with others? What is purity and how do we deal with temptation when it is so hard to escape? How do we work through the damage and pain that is already done?How can parents effectively communicate with their kids about sex? This comprehensive guide strives to bring clarity and understanding to topics that many Christians have trouble discussing. Journey with us as we discover a vibrant understanding of God's plan for redeemed sexuality.
Redefining Health Care
by Michael E. Porter Elizabeth Olmsted TeisbergThe U.S. health care system is in crisis. At stake are the quality of care for millions of Americans and the financial well-being of individuals and employers squeezed by skyrocketing premiums-not to mention the stability of state and federal government budgets.In Redefining Health Care, internationally renowned strategy expert Michael Porter and innovation expert Elizabeth Teisberg reveal the underlying-and largely overlooked-causes of the problem, and provide a powerful prescription for change.The authors argue that competition currently takes place at the wrong level-among health plans, networks, and hospitals-rather than where it matters most, in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of specific health conditions. Participants in the system accumulate bargaining power and shift costs in a zero-sum competition, rather than creating value for patients. Based on an exhaustive study of the U.S. health care system, Redefining Health Care lays out a breakthrough framework for redefining the way competition in health care delivery takes place-and unleashing stunning improvements in quality and efficiency.With specific recommendations for hospitals, doctors, health plans, employers, and policy makers, this book shows how to move health care toward positive-sum competition that delivers lasting benefits for all.
Redefining Prostate Cancer
by Steven Lamm Herbert Lepor Dan SperlingThe most complete and accurate analysis of prostate cancer treatment, prevention, research, and technology available. Internationally renowned prostate cancer experts offer cutting-edge commentary on the questions that all modern men (and their loved ones and caretakers) need to have answered.The past decade of breakthroughs in clinical research and unprecedented technological advancements has affected few medical conditions more than prostate cancer. Even the most up-to-date advice can vary significantly from one doctor to the next.Enter Redefining Prostate Cancer: An Innovative Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment, the most complete and accurate analysis of prostate cancer treatment, prevention, research, and technology. Internationally renowned prostate cancer experts offer cutting-edge commentary on the questions that all modern men need to have answered. Arm yourself with Redefining Prostate Cancer and the confidence that your decisions are being made with the best possible information as your guide.arly or frequent PSA screenings are right for you. Explore groundbreaking achievements in the field of oncology that are helping to increase survival rates and improve quality of life after diagnosis. And discover state-of-the-art imaging and treatment technologies that are finally available to men who face this common and deadly disease.Arm yourself with The New Prostate Cancer Rules and the confidence that your decisions are being made with the best possible information as your guide.
Redefining Prostate Cancer
by Steven Lamm Herbert Lepor Dan SperlingThe most complete and accurate analysis of prostate cancer treatment, prevention, research, and technology available. Internationally renowned prostate cancer experts offer cutting-edge commentary on the questions that all modern men (and their loved ones and caretakers) need to have answered.The past decade of breakthroughs in clinical research and unprecedented technological advancements has affected few medical conditions more than prostate cancer. Even the most up-to-date advice can vary significantly from one doctor to the next.Enter Redefining Prostate Cancer: An Innovative Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment, the most complete and accurate analysis of prostate cancer treatment, prevention, research, and technology. Internationally renowned prostate cancer experts offer cutting-edge commentary on the questions that all modern men need to have answered. Arm yourself with Redefining Prostate Cancer and the confidence that your decisions are being made with the best possible information as your guide.
Redemption Bar: Alcohol-free cocktails with benefits
by Catherine Salway Andrea WatersAlcohol-free drinks have never been more glamorous thanks to this stunning new book by Andrea Waters and Catherine Salway. Redemption Bar will introduce you to a refreshing new take on alcohol-free drinks and innovative, healthy bar snacks. Learn how to make delicious, guilt-free cocktails and tasty canapés that will dazzle your guests and delight your taste buds.Packed with nutritious recipes, Redemption Bar has something for everyone, with a variety of vegan, low sugar and gluten-free recipes available.Quirky, alcohol-free cocktail recipes include: Lychee and Yuzu Martinis, Pineapple Margaritas, and Strawberry & Mango Daiquiris. The book also offers a range of delicious canapés for light snacks and entertaining, from Slow-roasted Activated Almonds to Miso Glazed Baby Aubergine Skewers.
Redesigning 50
by Oz GarciaWhen you reach middle age, what does it take to turn back the hands of time and regain the youthful vitality of your younger years? Top nutritionist and health authority Oz Garcia offers definitive guidance in his information-packed Redesigning 50. You'll discover what Oz calls "the New 50": a fitter, healthier, better-looking middle age than you ever imagined possible. Oz explains how to take advantage of the finest that science and artistry can offer--without going under the knife. Drawing on the foremost expert opinions in health and beauty, Oz offers the latest information about diet and nutrition, exercise, skin and body care, hormones, stress reduction, dental and cosmetic treatments, and the new nutraceuticals--giving readers the tools to look younger and feel better than they have in years. You'll learn how to implement "the New 50 Fusion Plan," Oz's simple yet powerful fusion of "efficiency foods" with the healthy dietary traditions of Japan and the Mediterranean. You'll learn safe detox plans from experts Adina Niemerow and Roni DeLuz, hair how-to from Joel Warren and Edward Tricomi of Warren-Tricomi and Frédéric Fekkai, culinary insights from renowned chef David Bouley, spa secrets from the Golden Door and others, beauty advice and makeup tips from Bruce Dean, skin-care savvy from Dr. Nicholas Perricone and rejuvenation techniques from Dr. Lisa Zdinak and Dr. Lisa Airan, exercise insights from David Barton of David Barton Gyms, and fitness assessments from Suzanne Meth of Equinox Fitness Clubs, among others. Oz pulls it all together with his decades of experience into an enlightened, effective approach to antiaging. Hundreds of Oz's clients--women and men from across the country--have found success under his supervision. The powerful results are documented in candid accounts, from the busy company executive to the harried parent. Their antiaging success stories inspire and motivate readers to begin their own journey. The result? Middle age has never looked or felt so good!
Rediscover Catholicism: A Spiritual Guide to Living with Passion and Purpose
by Matthew KellyAt a Time When Many Catholics are Disillusioned, Questioning Their Faith, and Filled with Doubts About the Relevance of Catholicism in the Modern World, the Voice of One Man Cries Out to the World's Largest Faith Community With a Clarity That is Rare and Inspiring. The book will also be helpful to persons of any Christian faith who are interested in returning to their religious roots.
Rediscovered: A Compassionate and Courageous Guide For Late Discovered Autistic Women (and Their Allies)
by Catherine AstaMisunderstood your whole life, ashamed, lost, lonely and struggling to cope? Exhausted from trying, but never quite managing, to fit in? Welcome to the Late Discovered Club, home to thousands of late discovered autistic women.Late discovery can be life-changing - a lifetime of mysteries finally making sense. But there can also be a deep accompanying sense of grief. This is a book about coming home to yourself.Catherine's empathetic guidance will help you advocate for yourself with a greater degree of self-awareness. With chapters on everything from masking, mental health, meltdowns, and menopause, to burnout, sensory processing, emotions, relationships, and work - this will help you to nurture your strengths as an autistic woman.You are not alone.
Reducing Geographical Imbalances of Health Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Labor Market Perspective on What Works, What Does Not, and Why
by Agnes Soucat Christophe Lemiere Negda Jahanshahi Ellen Smith Christopher HerbstThe human resources crisis in the health sector has been gathering attention on the global stage. To date, however, most of this attention has focused on shortages of health human resources (HRH) at the national level. At least as important are problems at the sub-national level. Massive geographic and skill mix imbalances are reflected in the perilous undersupply of HRH in most rural areas. Virtually all Sub-Saharan African countries suffer from significant geographic imbalances. Very little substantive information or documentation exists on the problem. Even less is known about the lessons from policies aimed at addressing urban-rural human resource imbalances, let alone experiences of Sub-Saharan Africa countries, with such policies. There also appears to be a disconnect between the objectives and efforts of policymakers on the one hand and the functioning of national health labor markets and labor market behavior on the other hand. This disconnect hinders policy effectiveness and the efficient utilization of resources intended to narrow urban-rural inequities. In Sub-Saharan Africa government policies, often limited to the management of public sector vacancies, appear to be elaborated, prescribed, and implemented independently of labor market considerations. Partly as a result, they are unable to effectively address urban-rural imbalances, which are an outcome of labor market dynamics. This report discusses and analyzes labor market dynamics and outcomes (including unemployment, worker shortages, and urban-rural imbalances of categories of health workers) from a labor economics perspective. It then use insights from this perspective as a basis for elaborating policy options that incorporate the underlying labor market forces. The goal of the study is to address undesirable outcomes (including urban-rural HRH imbalances) more effectively. The book is thus suitable for researchers, policy analysts and policy makers with an interest in understanding and improving the allocation of human resources for health in the developing world.
Reducing High Blood Pressure for Beginners: A Cookbook for Eating and Living Well
by Kim LarsonTake heart—controlling your blood pressure is easy with this beginner's cookbook.If you've been diagnosed with high blood pressure, changing the way you eat can make all the difference. Reducing High Blood Pressure for Beginners can help you manage—or even prevent—hypertension through delicious, nutritious recipes that you can cook at home with ease.Join the millions of Americans who have lowered their blood pressure through the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension). Reducing High Blood Pressure for Beginners can transform your health and well-being with time-saving, budget-friendly meals you'll love: Fireside Beef Stew, 30-Minute Marinara, and Chicken Curry in a Hurry, to name a few.Inside this essential blood pressure cookbook you'll find:Beginners welcome—This hypertension-centric cookbook is perfect for beginners who are starting the path to better living.Savor the flavor—These pages are packed with 75 quick, easy recipes—including meat dishes, vegetarian dishes, and even gluten-free dishes—that taste great and help lower blood pressure long-term.Get the facts—Clear, easy-to-understand medical information about causes, treatments, and the impact of lifestyle changes will help guide you on your way to improved health.Now you can control your blood pressure and enjoy delicious food at the same time.
Reducing Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia
by National Research Council Policy and Global Affairs Development, Security, and Cooperation Joint Committee on Reducing Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia Indonesian Academy of SciencesThe Republic of Indonesia, home to over 240 million people, is the world's fourth most populous nation. Ethnically, culturally, and economically diverse, the Indonesian people are broadly dispersed across an archipelago of more than 13,000 islands. Rapid urbanization has given rise to one megacity (Jakarta) and to 10 other major metropolitan areas. And yet about half of Indonesians make their homes in rural areas of the country. Indonesia, a signatory to the United Nations Millennium Declaration, has committed to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, recent estimates suggest that Indonesia will not achieve by the target date of 2015 MDG 4 - reduction by two-thirds of the 1990 under - 5 infant mortality rate (number of children under age 5 who die per 1,000 live births) - and MDG 5 - reduction by three-quarters of the 1990 maternal mortality ratio (number of maternal deaths within 28 days of childbirth in a given year per 100,000 live births). Although much has been achieved, complex and indeed difficult challenges will have to be overcome before maternal and infant mortality are brought into the MDG-prescribed range. Reducing Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia is a joint study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Indonesian Academy of Sciences that evaluates the quality and consistency of the existing data on maternal and neonatal mortality; devises a strategy to achieve the Millennium Development Goals related to maternal mortality, fetal mortality (stillbirths), and neonatal mortality; and identifies the highest priority interventions and proposes steps toward development of an effective implementation plan. According to the UN Human Development Index (HDI), in 2012 Indonesia ranked 121st out of 185 countries in human development. However, over the last 20 years the rate of improvement in Indonesia\'s HDI ranking has exceeded the world average. This progress may be attributable in part to the fact that Indonesia has put considerable effort into meeting the MDGs. This report is intended to be a contribution toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
Reducing Risk in Fertility Treatment
by Raj MathurIn the last 15 years, fertility treatment has become mainstream medical practice. With this evolution has come a change in focus from effectiveness ('success rates') to safety, patient acceptability and ethical questions. It is recognized that effectiveness also depends crucially on safety and good risk management. The purpose of this book is to address this wider change in focus. Reducing Risk in Fertility Treatment examines risk in assisted conception, covering a wide range of topics and areas. 'Risk' refers to situations in which an outcome of value to people is uncertain. Specifically for the purpose of this book, 'Risk' means situations where patients or professionals or society as a whole is at risk of an adverse outcome in relation to fertility treatment. It therefore encompasses clinical complications, risks inherent in laboratory practice, reputational and business risks to clinics and ethical risks to society as a whole. It will be an essential resource for all clinic staff to consult in reducing the risk associated with their work. It will provide practical resources such as 'how to' guides, but also a theoretical discussion of uncertainty where this exists. The book is primarily directed to practitioners in the area of fertility treatment, namely clinicians, embryologists, nurses, counsellors and administrators. However, it is likely also to be relevant to policy-makers, commissioners of health services, researchers in this field and biomedical ethicists.
Reducing Suicide: A National Imperative
by Committee on Pathophysiology Prevention Of Adolescent Adult SuicideEvery year, about 30,000 people die by suicide in the U.S., and some 650,000 receive emergency treatment after a suicide attempt. Often, those most at risk are the least able to access professional help.Reducing Suicide provides a blueprint for addressing this tragic and costly problem: how we can build an appropriate infrastructure, conduct needed research, and improve our ability to recognize suicide risk and effectively intervene. Rich in data, the book also strikes an intensely personal chord, featuring compelling quotes about people’s experience with suicide. The book explores the factors that raise a person’s risk of suicide: psychological and biological factors including substance abuse, the link between childhood trauma and later suicide, and the impact of family life, economic status, religion, and other social and cultural conditions. The authors review the effectiveness of existing interventions, including mental health practitioners’ ability to assess suicide risk among patients. They present lessons learned from the Air Force suicide prevention program and other prevention initiatives. And they identify barriers to effective research and treatment.This new volume will be of special interest to policy makers, administrators, researchers, practitioners, and journalists working in the field of mental health.
Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment
by Institute of MedicineInjuries are the leading cause of death and disability among people under age 35 in the United States. Despite great strides in injury prevention over the decades, injuries result in 150,000 deaths, 2.6 million hospitalizations, and 36 million visits to the emergency room each year.Reducing the Burden of Injury describes the cost and magnitude of the injury problem in America and looks critically at the current response by the public and private sectors, including: Data and surveillance needs.Research priorities.Trauma care systems development.Infrastructure support, including training for injury professionals.Firearm safety.Coordination among federal agencies. The authors define the field of injury and establish boundaries for the field regarding intentional injuries. This book highlights the crosscutting nature of the injury field, identifies opportunities to leverage resources and expertise of the numerous parties involved, and discusses issues regarding leadership at the federal level.
Reefer Madness: Sex, Drugs, and Cheap Labor in the American Black Market
by Eric SchlosserEssays explore the social and economic effects on groups and individuals of our underground economy. The underground economy has subtle and surprising effects on the United States as.
Reefer Sanity: Seven Great Myths About Marijuana
by Kevin SabetIn this book, Kevin A. Sabet argues that the United States should not legalize pot with all of its attendant social costs, nor damage the future prospects of pot smokers by prosecuting and jailing them.
Reefer Wellness: Understanding Cannabis Science, Culture, and Medicine
by Dr. Riley KirkAre you canna-curious? Put aside the stigma and discover the powerful potential of weed.For centuries, the marijuana plant has been revered for its healing properties, but it&’s also been criminalized, abused, and misunderstood. Although cannabis is now legal in much of the United States, many people are still confused about how to access it and unsure about how to use it safely and effectively. Enter Reefer Wellness, an all-encompassing guide to cannabis from scientist and researcher, Dr. Riley Kirk.With colorful illustrations and everyday language, Reefer Wellness challenges the stereotypes about pot use and breaks down the complexities of cannabis for anyone who&’s ever wondered if weed could help them relax or relieve chronic ailments. Whether you&’re an everyday user or just starting out on your healing journey with cannabis, you&’ll find answers to your questions and science-backed evidence to support your use. In it, you&’ll get:An introduction to the endocannabinoid system (ECS), the powerful regulatory system in the human body that controls everything from hunger signals to painA clear, visual explanation of how the molecular components of cannabis interact with the ECS, making it a uniquely powerful tool for healingGuidance on how to consume cannabis, including the pros and cons of different delivery systems and how to customize your dosageAn overview of ailments that can be addressed with cannabis, such as chronic pain, sleep disorders, and insomniaTips for minimizing the side effects of marijuana use, like munchies, bloodshot eyes, and cottonmouthLet Reefer Wellness jumpstart your deep and meaningful journey into the wonderful and nuanced world of modern cannabis and get ready to unlock its incredible healing potential.
Refeições para Panela de Pressão
by Sarah Sophia Selma Regina da SilvaRefeições para Panela de Pressão por Sarah Sophia 30 Refeições Rápidas e Deliciosas para a Sua Panela de Pressão Que A Sua Família Vai Adorar Refeições para Panela de Pressão The Essential Kitchen Series, Livro 17 Passe menos tempo na cozinha, tenha uma alimentação mais saudável e economize comendo em casa mais vezes! Você sabe que pode preparar uma refeição em uma panela de pressão de maneira rápida e fácil, mas quantas vezes você a usa? O problema é a falta de receitas práticas e caseiras. O The Essential Kitchen Series muda esse pensamento apresentando o livro Refeições para Panela de Pressão. Divirta-se com essas 30 receitas rápidas e fáceis que vão transformar uma noite na cozinha em uma noite com a sua família. Prepare refeições deliciosas, nutritivas, que dão água na boca, com praticidade e sem fazer muita bagunça. Tenha uma refeição pronta na metade do tempo Usar a panela de pressão para preparar uma refeição completa talvez seja uma das maneiras mais fáceis de cozinhar. Os ingredientes são preparados com antecedência, colocados na panela por um tempo determinado e ela faz o resto. Parece simples demais? SIM! E este é o objetivo. Existe um número ilimitado de combinações saborosas. Aprendendo as 30 receitas fáceis deste livro, você vai deixar sua família e amigos admirados com suas próprias "criações". Não tem como errar com essas receitas maravilhosas. Não existe nada mais fácil Realmente, poucas coisas na vida são tão fáceis de fazer quanto se imagina. Esse é o caso quando você usa uma panela de pressão. Neste livro de receitas excepcionalmente simples, você vai aprender a tirar o máximo de proveito do seu tempo, usando esse utensílio de cozinha incrível. Aprenda o que milhares de pessoas já descobriram: existe uma maneira fácil e rápida de impressionar sua família na hora do jantar e amigos em coquetéis
Reference Guide for Essential Oils
by Connie Higley Alan HigleyThe sections on Personal Care Products, Bath Gels and Bar Soaps, Tinctures, Massage Oils, and Supplements and Vitamins list commercially available products that include pure essential oils either for additional therapeutic benefits or to enhance the bio-availability of the other ingredients.
Reference and Description: The Case against Two-Dimensionalism
by Scott SoamesIn this book, Scott Soames defends the revolution in philosophy led by Saul Kripke, Hilary Putnam, and David Kaplan against attack from those wishing to revive descriptivism in the philosophy of language, internalism in the philosophy of mind, and conceptualism in the foundations of modality. Soames explains how, in the last twenty-five years, this attack on the anti-descriptivist revolution has coalesced around a technical development called two-dimensional modal logic that seeks to reinterpret the Kripkean categories of the necessary aposteriori and the contingent apriori in ways that drain them of their far-reaching philosophical significance. Arguing against this reinterpretation, Soames shows how the descriptivist revival has been aided by puzzles and problems ushered in by the anti-descriptivist revolution, as well as by certain errors and missteps in the anti-descriptivist classics themselves. Reference and Description sorts through all this, assesses and consolidates the genuine legacy of Kripke and Kaplan, and launches a thorough and devastating critique of the two-dimensionalist revival of descriptivism. Through it all, Soames attempts to provide the outlines of a lasting, nondescriptivist perspective on meaning, and a nonconceptualist understanding of modality.
Reflections From a Different Journey: What Adults with Disabilities Wish All Parents Knew
by Stanley Klein John D. KempFrom the book: In this book, people with all kinds of disabilities make clear that they can be capable role models for children; advisors to their parents and family members; and teachers to educators, health care professionals, and the many other adults who provide services for children with disabilities and their families. In fact, the essays have important messages for all of us as we strive to make our world a more caring, loving, and peaceful place for all children and families. This book is a wonderful celebration of diversity. The essay writers have grown up with many different kinds of disabilities in many different places, including some countries outside the United States. They are not people who have "overcome" their disabilities. Rather, they have overcome the prejudices of society that all too often stereotype people with disabilities in destructive ways.
Reflections of a Sacred Dream
by Dr Frank Kenneth Bergman Maryellen VettoriThrough the influence of Japanese-inspired haiku, stop and evaluate your current state of mind. Are you focused on spending your time and thoughts on accumulation of material items that will be gone tomorrow? Is your mind filled with stress and worry about seemingly important matters that will not matter in time to come? Throughout the poetry in this illustrated book, free your mind and look around you right where you are at the present time. See for yourself the spiritual beauty of nature as it unfolds in front of your senses every day. Study the concepts of balance and harmony in the universe. Only then can you appreciate what you are sharing with everything else in your universe as you travel on your sacred journey.
Reflections on Play, Sport, and Culture: Introduction to the Play Field Theory (Routledge Research in Sport, Culture and Society #141)
by Felix LebedThe psychological dependence of humanity on playing is huge. Its nature and functional utility are unclear. These linked yet contradictory issues have created the intrigue that has fed philosophical thought for more than two hundred years. During this period, philosophy transferred many of the subjects of its analysis to the aegis of the humanities that it spawned. Each of them pays close attention to human play and studies it with its own methods of theoretical and experimental research. Thus, what was once a general philosophical comprehension of human play has branched out into different directions, definitions, and theories. This new book represents a renewed general view of human play. The unique quality of the volume lies in its fairly rare interdisciplinary methodology, encompassing a broad spectrum of the humanities: philosophy, anthropology, sociology, and the history of play, and behavioral analysis of playing, which have been done by the author. As a result, the volume ends with the proposition of a new general approach to human play that is named by the author “play field theory”. Such an approach makes reflections on play, sport, and culture a source for all scholars studying play, by widening their knowledge through both a new general view and their familiarization with notions from neighboring fields and disciplines.