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Effects of Chemical Warfare: A Selective Review and Bibliography of British State Papers (Routledge Libary Editions: Historical Security)
by Andy Thomas Stockholm International Peace Research InstituteOriginally published in 1985, this book is the result of an exploration of the state papers of the United Kingdom undertaken with the aim of discovering information about the past use of chemical warfare. This information may serve as a point of historical reference in speculation upon the possible nature and consequences of large-scale chemical warfare recurring in Europe. Part I of the monograph concentrates primarily on material documenting the use of chemical weapons in the First and Second World Wars, the impact of this use on the civilian populations of France and Belgium, casualties incurred in the production, research, development, training and deployment of chemical warfare agents, and the attempts made to incorporate chemical weapons into military doctrine and war-preparedness. Part II supplements the citation of documents in Part I. It comprises an ordered bibliography listing not only the location of the records found to be of primary concern to this study, but also the location of other records not cited in Part I which appear to form much of the remainder of the official record of the British CW effort. A list of some of the papers which have not been released comprises the concluding section.
The Effects Of Infectious Disease On Napoleon’s Russian Campaign
by LCDR Brian M. Allen USNThis paper will discuss the effects of infectious disease on Napoleon's forces during the Russian campaign of 1812. In short, it will argue that the primary reason Napoleon failed to defeat the Russian army was because his forces were decimated by disease, specifically typhus, dysentery, and diphtheria. It will also demonstrate the effect of disease and illness on Napoleon's judgement and decision making process. This subject, infectious disease and the military, has great implications for military planners in the future. The recent Gulf war and its related "Gulf War Illness" is just one example. The United States has lost more men to disease during war than any other cause; hence it is critical that today's and tomorrow's military leaders are aware of the dangers. The scope of this paper is bounded by the Russian campaign timeframe, but it will concentrate on the march to Moscow; specifically the events that occurred upon entering Polish and Russian territory. Also, there were two major battles fought prior to reaching the gates of Moscow which this paper will show were the two decisive points in the campaign. These battles occurred at Smolensk and Borodino, and they illustrate key instances where Napoleon's leadership, judgment and decision making come into question, not only by historians and authors, but by several of Napoleon's own generals.The Russians were outnumbered in the summer of 1812 and were forced to play at fight and retreat game with Napoleon's army. This was not well received by the Russian people who were suffering at the hands of the French invaders, but it was just about the only sound course of action the Russians could pursue. The situation turned itself around however when Napoleon reached Moscow and stayed there until an orderly and safe retreat was nearly impossible. At this time the Russian winter was upon them and they had neither the will nor the supplies to return to France.
The Effects Of Logistical Factors On The Union Pursuit Of The Confederate Army: During The Final Phase Of The Gettysburg Campaign
by Colonel Donald J. WetekamFor ten days after the Battle of Gettysburg, the Army of Northern Virginia, under command of Robert E. Lee, remained trapped on the Union side of the flooded Potomac River. During that time, the Army of the Potomac, commanded by George G. Meade, pursued the Confederate forces as they retreated across Pennsylvania and Maryland, attempting but never quite succeeding in bringing about another general engagement. This paper examines the extent to which logistical factors on the Union side of the line hampered the effort to destroy the Confederate army. Specifically, it will seek to show that the resource limitations experienced by the Union army were a decisive factor in their inability to destroy Lee's forces while they remained trapped on Union soil.
Effects of Opera Music from Brain to Body: A Matter of Wellbeing (Neurocultural Health and Wellbeing)
by Lorenzo Lorusso Michele Augusto Riva Vittorio Alessandro SironiThis book explores the connection between melodrama and medicine from multiple perspectives. Neuroscientists study the relationship between opera and brain functioning in the light of new findings in the fields of neurophysiology, neuroimaging, cognitive science and neuro-musicology; clinicians investigate the therapeutic potential of music, especially in the field of treatment and rehabilitation of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases; medical historians analyse the representation of diseases and those who cure diseases within operas; occupational doctors report descriptions of diseases that affect workers in the opera world and particularly focus on psychiatric and psychological alterations. Opera, with its instrumental and vocal accompaniment, is considered the most complete form of theatrical performance. However, little is known about the mechanisms of brain activity under the influence of melodrama on singers, musicians, and listeners. The use of neuroimaging techniques has enabled a better understanding of the neuronal mechanisms and circuits involved during an opera performance. Over the past 20 years, melodrama has increasingly been used as a therapeutic approach in various neurological and neuropsychiatric pathologies, such as depression, cognitive impairment, and even coma. The book also discusses the ways in which melodrama affects professionals involved in music and interventions to reduce or alleviate occupational diseases, leading to improved health and higher life satisfaction. The ultimate goal is to improve therapeutic interventions in neurological diseases and professional disorders, relying on solid neuroscientific data. This book will be of great interest to neurologists, neurobiologists, psychiatrists, occupational doctors and therapists in music.
The Effects Of Southern Railroads On Interior Lines During The Civil War
by Thomas George Ziek Jr.The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of the Southern railroad system on interior lines during the Civil War and determine whether or not the South enjoyed the advantage of interior lines. The use of railroads during this conflict placed an enormous physical strain upon the limited industrial resources of the Confederacy, and a great strain upon the intellectual agility of the Confederate High Command. Based upon the evidence studied, and the time-space comparisons of both Northern and Southern railway operations, several conclusions can be drawn: the South entered the war with a rail system that was unable to meet the demands of modern war; the Confederate leadership understood the importance of the railroad and its importance to strategic operations early in the war, but were unwilling to adopt a course of action that best utilized their scarce assets; Southern railroad speeds decreased dramatically by 1863 due to the inability of Southern railroads owners to perform needed maintenance on their railroad equipment; tactical reverses on the field of battle, especially the losses of both Corinth in May of 1862 and Knoxville in September of 1863 increased the distances that re-enforcements would have to travel to fight a mobile intra-theater war; Union control, maintenance, and organization of its railway assets ensured that it would be able to move large numbers of troops at the strategic level efficiently from early 1863 to the end of the war. Based on these conclusions, the Confederacy lost the ability to shift troops on the strategic level more rapidly than the Union by 1863. This was a result of its physically weakened railroad system and military setbacks which caused Southern railroads to move forces over longer distances.
The Effects of the Financial Crisis on Public-Private Partnerships
by Philippe Burger Justin Tyson Izabela Karpowicz Maria Delgado CoelhoA report from the International Monetary Fund.
The Effects of the Global Crisis on Islamic and Conventional Banks: A Comparative Study
by Maher Hasan Jemma DridiA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Effi Briest (Pushkin Press Classics)
by Hugh Rorrison Theodor FontaneAn exceptional translation of Fontane's masterpiece: one of the great 19th-century novels of adultery to stand beside Anna Karenina and Madame Bovary&“A stunningly moving, beautiful, witty and urbane novel: I was blown away by it&” — Kate Saunders, author of The Secrets of WishtideIn this witty masterpiece of poetic realism, expertly translated by Hugh Rorrison, Effi Briest shows Theodor Fontane at the height of his talents, as he questions the hypocrisies and destructive values of middle-class society.Effi Briest is only 17 when she is married off to Baron von Innstetten, travelling to live with him in a provincial town on the remote Baltic coast of Prussia. He is 20 years her senior, an ambitious bureaucrat uninterested in his young wife, and lively Effi becomes increasingly isolated, bored and anxious in her stifling surroundings.A half-hearted affair with Major Crampas – a manipulative married man with a reputation for womanising – temporarily distracts Effi from her loneliness. But years later, this brief liaison will return to Effi with devastating consequences.Written with great empathy for his characters, Fontane portrays a woman torn between her own desires and her roles as wife and mother, between her heart and the obligations of social circumstance.Part of the Pushkin Press Classics series: outstanding classic storytelling from around the world, in a stylishly original series design. From newly rediscovered gems to fresh translations of the world&’s greatest authors, this series includes such authors as Stefan Zweig, Hermann Hesse, Ryūnosuke Akutagawa and Gaito Gazdanov.
Efficacy Of Urban Insurgency In The Modern Era
by Major Thomas Erik MillerInsurgency is one of the oldest and most prevalent forms of warfare. The last fifty years have seen the increase in the numbers and intensity of insurgencies worldwide, particularly in urban insurgencies. Global trends of virtually unconstrained population growth and urbanization (particularly in underdeveloped countries), globalization and the information revolution create conducive environments for urban insurgency.The approach taken in this thesis is to examine three exemplar case studies to determine causation in the outcome of the urban insurgencies, their purposes, differences in technique between rural and urban insurgency, the advantages and disadvantages of the urban insurgent, and whether these advantages were capitalized upon in order to determine the feasibility of urban insurgency in the modern era. The case studies examined were the Battle of Algiers from 1956 to 1957, Uruguay from 1962 to 1972, and Northern Ireland from 1969 to 1974.The conclusion of this work is the feasibility of modern urban insurgency. Urban insurgents will apply modern technologies to enhance their security, use discriminate targeting, especially in economic targeting, and skillfully conduct information operations in exploitation of the media and technologies for dissemination. Counterinsurgents must win the information war and execute a coherent strategy addressing the underlying cause of insurgency to prevail.
Efficiency, Equality and the Ownership of Property (Collected Works of James Meade)
by James E. MeadeFirst published in 1964, this is a study of the extreme inequalities in the ownership of property, in economies across the globe. Professor Meade examines in depth the economic, demographic and social factors which lead to such inequalities. He considers a wide range of remedial policies – educational development, reformed death duties and capital taxes, demographic policies, trade union action, the socialization of property, the development of a property-owning democracy, the expansion of the welfare state. The argument is expressed in precise analytical terms, but the main exposition is free of mathematics and technical jargon and is designed for the interested layman as well as the economist.
The Efficient Kitchen Definite Directions for the Planning, Arranging and Equipping of the Modern Labor-Saving Kitchen: a Practical Book for the Home-Maker
by Georgie Boynton ChildFascinating turn of the 20th century housekeeping bible, richly illustrated.“In this spirit we started on a determined quest for information and new resources. We took lessons in cooking to see whether the Domestic Science schools had any wonderful wisdom to impart in the direction of “better food for less money.” We studied courses in Home Economics. We read books. We visited cooking laboratories and practise houses. Finally we came to the Housekeeping Experiment Station at Darien, Conn.Here at last we found what we had been seeking: an inexpensive but charming home which had been so transformed by engineering skill that it could be cared for with the minimum expense, and so equipped that it could be operated with the smallest possible amount of effort. Here we learned of two wonderful resources for preparing food, adapted to the income of the average home. Here we heard of Taylor’s wonderful book on Scientific Management, which has been revolutionizing the business world. And here we saw two old people living happily an ideal life in which labor and culture each had its rightful place. At last science and high ideals had transformed “villain kitchen vassalage” into the noble profession of home-making.The resources which Mr. and Mrs. Barnard had developed were suited to the needs of two people living simply in the country, free from the demands of city life, and free from all the subtle complications which constantly arise in larger households, particularly in homes where there are little children. But back of their work was a great idea, and this idea was applicable to any home and to any income. “Do not try to do efficient work in an inefficient house. First transform your conditions.” This is one of the first principles of engineering; and, strange as it may seem, the very last principle applied in the average home.”-From the Introduction
Effingham County (Images of America)
by Kate Keller Bourland Bill GrimesThe history of Effingham County is closely tied to the development of transportation through America's heartland. Beginning with the old National Road, through the golden age of railroads, onward to today's interstate highway system, the county has developed alongside the nation's great transportation innovations. Given the county's location between Chicago to the north, St. Louis to the west, and Indianapolis to the east, it is easy to justify the "Heart of the USA" and "Crossroads of America" designations. Effingham County, however, is more than railroad yards and highway interchanges. This book shows the rich fabric of life woven throughout the history of the city of Effingham and smaller towns, including Teutopolis, Altamont, Beecher City, Dieterich, Watson, Mason, Edgewood, Montrose, and Shumway.
Effingham County (Images of America)
by Historic Effingham SocietyOn March 12, 1734, German Salzburger immigrants arrived in the southern portion of Georgia where, with handmade bricks, they constructed the Jerusalem Lutheran Church. Within its hallowed walls an active congregation still worships today, and the community that flourished around this sacred landmark is now known as Effingham County. The founding fathers of the early settlement also established a gristmill, a sawmill, a school, and an orphanage, bringing to life the optimistic sentiments they had carried across an ocean and into a new world. Effingham County celebrates, in word and image, the spirit and achievements of these industrious pioneers, who forged a special relationship with the land on which they settled. While religion was a focal point of the new community, commerce and industry could not be overlooked in a young America poised for an unprecedented role on the world's stage. The rivers that flowed through the county, the Savannah and the Ogeechee, made it possible for the local residents to transport their cotton and timber to the bustling markets in Augusta and Savannah; later, major railroad lines would pass through the county, connecting it to economic opportunity in the rest of the state and beyond. Today, Effingham County is made up of several small towns, with Springfield designated as the county seat. The people who live, work, and worship in these towns are ever respectful of the contributions of their hardworking ancestors, and maintaining the integrity of the community's unique character is a shared and enjoyed civic responsibility.
Effizienz und Effektivität von Blended-Learning-Lernverfahren in der beruflichen Weiterbildung: Eine Analyse aus der Sicht der Lernenden
by Jennifer Friedrich-HaßauerDie Ausgangslage dieser Analyse sind unterschiedliche Lernverfahren in der beruflichen Weiterbildung in Deutschland. Untersucht wird, wie diese sich auf den Lernerfolg der Lernenden auswirken. Es gilt, den Zielkonflikt zwischen den Anforderungen der Teilnehmenden und den Angeboten der Weiterbildungsanbieter zu lösen. Eine wesentliche Aufgabe ist es, die Lerntypen der Lernenden zu ermitteln und sich auf dieser Basis geeignete Lernverfahren zu erarbeiten. Daraus wird die Forschungsfrage abgeleitet, wie effizient und effektiv Blended-Learning-Lernverfahren sind und wie diese sich im Lernprozess auf den Lernerfolg auswirken. Das Ergebnis spiegelt sich in einer Empfehlung von Lernverfahren wider, die sich als effizient und effektiv aus der Sicht der Lernenden unter Berücksichtigung der jeweiligen Einflussfaktoren erweisen.
The Effortless Economy of Science?
by Philip MirowskiA leading scholar of the history and philosophy of economic thought, Philip Mirowski argues that there has been a top-to-bottom transformation in how scientific research is organized and funded in Western countries over the past two decades and that these changes necessitate a reexamination of the ways that science and economics interact. Mirowski insists on the need to bring together the insights of economics, science studies, and the philosophy of science in order to understand how and why particular research programs get stabilized through interdisciplinary appropriation, controlled attributions of error, and funding restrictions.Mirowski contends that neoclassical economists have persistently presumed and advanced an "effortless economy of science," a misleading model of a self-sufficient and conceptually self-referential social structure that transcends market operations in pursuit of absolute truth. In the stunning essays collected here, he presents a radical critique of the ways that neoclassical economics is used to support, explain, and legitimate the current social practices underlying the funding and selection of "successful" science projects. He questions a host of theories, including the portraits of science put forth by Karl Popper, Michael Polanyi, and Thomas Kuhn. Among the many topics he examines are the social stabilization of quantitative measurement, the repressed history of econometrics, and the social construction of the laws of supply and demand and their putative opposite, the gift economy. In The Effortless Economy of Science? Mirowski moves beyond grand abstractions about science, truth, and democracy in order to begin to talk about the way science is lived and practiced today.
Egg: A Dozen Ovatures
by Lizzie Stark“Endlessly surprising.… Like the egg itself, this book is a perfect, miraculous package.” —Mary Roach, best-selling author of Fuzz An unconventional history of the world’s largest cellular workhorse, from chickens to penguins, from art to crime, and more. The egg is a paradox—both alive and not alive—and a symbol as old as culture itself. In this wide-ranging and delightful journey through its natural and cultural history, Lizzie Stark explores the egg’s deep meanings, innumerable uses, and metabolic importance through a dozen dazzling specimens. From Mali to Finland, mythologies around the globe have invested the egg with powers of regeneration and fecundity, often ascribing the origin of the world to a cosmic egg. An oracle to Romans, fought over by Gold Rush gangs, used as the foundation of the Clown Egg Registry, and blasted into space, the egg has taken on larger proportions than, say, the ovum of an ostrich. It has starred in global dishes from the Korean comfort food ttukbaegi gyeranjjim to the less regaled yet iconic soft-boiled egg. Stark writes a biography of French-born chef Jacques Pépin through his egg creations, and weaves in her personal experiences, like attempting to make the perfect omelet or trying her hand at pysanky—the Ukrainian art of egg decoration. She also explores her fraught relationship to the eggs in her body due to a familial link to cancer, and shares her delight in becoming a mother. Filled with colorful characters and fascinating morsels, Egg is playful, informative, and guarantees that you’ll never take this delicate ovoid for granted again.
The Egg And I
by Betty MacdonaldWhen Betty MacDonald married a marine and moved to a small chicken farm on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State, she was largely unprepared for the rigors of life in the wild. With no running water, no electricity, a house in need of constant repair, and days that ran from four in the morning to nine at night, the MacDonalds had barely a moment to put their feet up and relax. And then came the children. Yet through every trial and pitfall--through chaos and catastrophe--this indomitable family somehow, mercifully, never lost its sense of humor.A beloved literary treasure for more than half a century, Betty MacDonald's The Egg and I is a heartwarming and uproarious account of adventure and survival on an American frontier.--Print Ed.
The Egg Bowl: Mississippi State vs. Ole Miss, Second Edition
by William G. BarnerFrom the contentious delay of the first clash in 1901 to the battle in 2009, The Egg Bowl covers the Ole Miss–Mississippi State rivalry in depth. For each game the narrative includes every scoring drive, every player who crossed the goal line, and every final score. More than 150 photos illustrate the intensity of action on the field and capture the players and exploits faithful fans will always remember. This updated edition features full accounts of the games in 2007, 2008, and 2009, including new photos and statistics. For the booster who demands to know every statistic, The Egg Bowl creates the ultimate reference. Which player has scored the most touchdowns? Who rushed for the longest run or threw the longest touchdown pass? How many kickoffs have been returned for touchdowns? Why is November 30 of consequence? Which two men have coached at both schools? And surprisingly, which three players have lettered at Mississippi State and Ole Miss? The intensity of the rivalry cannot be understated. Student leaders created the treasured Golden Egg, trophy of the yearly contest, to quell frequent fisticuffs in the stands. While intended to cool the fervor, the Egg has been controversially remodeled, refurbished, and even kidnapped. The story continually simmers. This ideal gift for the football fanatic will only stoke those passions.
The Egg Bowl: Mississippi State vs. Ole Miss, Third Edition
by William G. BarnerFrom the contentious delay of the first clash in 1901 to the latest battle in 2023, The Egg Bowl: Mississippi State vs. Ole Miss, Third Edition updates the two previous editions to give the most accurate, in-depth overview of the Ole Miss–Mississippi State rivalry. For each game the narrative includes every scoring drive, every player who crossed the goal line, and every final score. One hundred ninety photographs illustrate the intensity of action on the field and capture the players and exploits faithful fans will always remember. The passion of the rivalry between these two schools cannot be overstated. Student leaders created the treasured Golden Egg, the trophy of the yearly contest, to quell frequent fisticuffs in the stands. While intended to cool the fervor, the Egg has been controversially remodeled, refurbished, and even kidnapped. On and off the field, the rivalry continually simmers. This new third edition features full accounts of the games from 2010 to 2023, including new photos and statistics. For the fan who demands to know every stat, The Egg Bowl is the ultimate reference. Which player has scored the most touchdowns? Who rushed for the longest run or threw the longest touchdown pass? How many kickoffs have been returned for touchdowns? Why is November 30 of consequence? Which two men have coached at both schools? And surprisingly, which three players have lettered at Mississippi State and Ole Miss? This is the ideal reference for football fanatics and the perfect gift for both State and Ole Miss fans.
Egg Harbor City (Images of America)
by Mark W. MaxwellEgg Harbor City was founded as a refuge from the sweeping nativism of the Know-Nothings, a group that tried to limit immigration and naturalization into the United States. Egg Harbor City was a place where German Americans could maintain the traditions, language, and lifestyle of their fatherland. The city was designed in rectangular blocks with lots for building, gardening, or farming. Parks were built and a harbor was planned on the north side of the city with rail lines connecting it to the Camden and Atlantic Railroad. Following the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, Egg Harbor City's wines earned the community great respect, and it became known as the "Wine City," drawing hundreds of visitors to its many wineries. Egg Harbor City celebrates the early years of the place once known as the most German city in the United States of America.
The Egg & I: The Enduring Classic
by Betty MacDonald“A work of real comic genius. . . . A wonderful, funny, warm, honest book, and, to use a much overused word, a classic.” –Michael Korda, author of Country MattersWhen Betty MacDonald married a marine and moved to a small chicken farm on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State, she was largely unprepared for the rigors of life in the wild. With no running water, no electricity, a house in need of constant repair, and days that ran from four in the morning to nine at night, the MacDonalds had barely a moment to put their feet up and relax. And then came the children. Yet through every trial and pitfall—through chaos and catastrophe—this indomitable family somehow, mercifully, never lost its sense of humor.A beloved literary treasure for more than half a century, Betty MacDonald's The Egg and I is a heartwarming and uproarious account of adventure and survival on an American frontier.
Egg on Mao: The Story of an Ordinary Man Who Defaced an Icon and Unmasked a Dictatorship
by Denise ChongAs Chinese students demonstrated for democracy in Tiananmen Square in 1989, three Chinese men peppered the square's giant portrait of Mao Zedong with 30 paint-filled eggs. Instead of inciting further protests, this act had the opposite result: student leaders turned the three egg-throwers over to the police. In her first book in almost ten years, Chong tells the story of one of these men, Lu Decheng, an auto mechanic from Hunan province. Weaving together the stories of Lu's childhood, the planning and execution of the protest, and Lu's imprisonment after his arrest, the author shows delineates the unlikely path that took Lu from an anonymous life in small-town China to risking everything to make a political statement. Based on the author's numerous interviews with Lu and with sources in China, this book will appeal to anyone interested in China, in human rights, or in an excellent read.
The Egg Thief
by Alane AdamsYoung Georgie wakes up to a morning of chores back in 1920s Pennsylvania when he gets the bad news—someone has stolen all the eggs in the henhouse. The culprit is Buster, a stray dog who takes Georgie on an adventure to find more eggs. Follow Buster and Georgie and their mischievous antics in this heartwarming tale of farm life in America&’s storied past.
Eggs or Anarchy: to feed a nation at war
by William SitwellEggs or Anarchy is one of the great, British stories of the Second World War yet to be told in full. It reveals the heroic tale of how Lord Woolton, Minister for Food, really fed Britain. As a nation at war, with supply routes under attack from the Axis powers and resources scarce, it was Woolton's job to fulfil his promise to the British people, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill in particular, that there would be food on the shelves each week. Persuading the public to not resort to the black market and to manage on the very limited ration was one thing, but Woolton had to fulfil his side of the bargain and maintain supplies in time of crisis. A grammar school-educated genius, he was a fish out of water in Churchill's cabinet and the PM himself doubted Woolton would survive due to the unstinting criticism he faced from colleagues, the press and public. This is the story of how he battled to save his own career while using every trick in his entrepreneurial book to secure supplies. He battled to outwit unscrupulous dealers on the black market streets of cities within the British Empire - such as Alexandria in Eygpt - persuading customs authorities to turn a blind eye to his import schemes. If Britain had gone hungry the outcome of the war could have been very different. This book, for the first time, finds out the real story of how Lord Woolton provided food for Britain and her colonies and discovers that for him there were days when it was literally a choice of 'eggs or anarchy'.
Egil, the Viking Poet
by Russell Poole Laurence De Looze Jon Karl Helgason Torfi H. TuliniusEgil, the Viking Poet focuses on one of the best-known Icelandic sagas, that of the extraordinary hero Egil Skallagrimsson. Descended from a lineage of trolls, shape-shifters, and warriors, Egil's transformation from a precocious and murderous child into a raider, mercenary, litigant, landholder, and poet epitomizes the many facets of Viking legend.The contributors to this collection of essays approach Egil's story from a variety of perspectives, including psychology, philology, network theory, social history, and literary theory. Strikingly original, their essays will appeal not only to dedicated students of Old Norse-Icelandic literature but also to those working in the fields of Viking studies, comparative ethnology, and folklore.