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Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia
by Woody HoltonIn this provocative reinterpretation of one of the best-known events in American history, Woody Holton shows that when Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, and other elite Virginians joined their peers from other colonies in declaring independence from Britain, they acted partly in response to grassroots rebellions against their own rule. <p><p>The Virginia gentry's efforts to shape London's imperial policy were thwarted by British merchants and by a coalition of Indian nations. In 1774, elite Virginians suspended trade with Britain in order to pressure Parliament and, at the same time, to save restive Virginia debtors from a terrible recession. The boycott and the growing imperial conflict led to rebellions by enslaved Virginians, Indians, and tobacco farmers. By the spring of 1776 the gentry believed the only way to regain control of the common people was to take Virginia out of the British Empire.Forced Founders uses the new social history to shed light on a classic political question: why did the owners of vast plantations, viewed by many of their contemporaries as aristocrats, start a revolution? <p><p>As Holton's fast-paced narrative unfolds, the old story of patriot versus loyalist becomes decidedly more complex.
Forced Migration in Central and Eastern Europe, 1939-1950
by Alfred J. RieberThese nine case studies, written by Russian, German and Austrian scholars and based on archival findings, should shed new light on deportations and resettlement in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Germany. The introduction places forced migration throughout the region in a historical context.
Forced Migration in Turkey: Refugee Perspectives, Organizational Assistance, and Political Embedding (Routledge Studies in Development, Mobilities and Migration)
by Ludger Pries Şafak Zülfikar Savcı, Berna M. Murat ErdoğanTurkey hosts more refugees than any other country in the world, with forced migrants from Syria, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and other countries converging, either with hopes to settle in Turkey or to continue onwards to the European Union (EU).This volume addresses the specific experiences and trajectories of forced migrants in Turkey in the context of local and national contexts and the future of EU-Turkey relations. It presents the demographics of forced migrants, the biographies and future plans of refugees, and their interactions with civil society, states, and international agencies. A focus is on organized violence and corresponding experiences in countries of origin, during transit, and at current places.Based on extensive quantitative and qualitative research, this book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the fields of migration, human security, and refugee studies, as well as of sociology, political sciences, and international relations.
Forced Migration in the History of 20th Century Neuroscience and Psychiatry: New Perspectives
by Frank W. Stahnisch and Guel A. RussellThe forced migration of neuroscientists, both during and after the Second World War, is of growing interest to international scholars. Of particular interest is how the long-term migration of scientists and physicians has affected both the academic migrants and their receiving environments. As well as the clash between two different traditions and systems, this migration forced scientists and physicians to confront foreign institutional, political, and cultural frameworks when trying to establish their own ways of knowledge generation, systems of logic, and cultural mentalities. The twentieth century has been called the century of war and forced-migration, since it witnessed two devastating world wars, prompting a massive exodus that included many neuroscientists and psychiatrists. Fascism in Italy and Spain beginning in the 1920s, Nazism in Germany and Austria between the 1930s and 1940s, and the impact of the Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe all forced more than two thousand researchers with prior education in neurology, psychiatry, and the basic brain research disciplines to leave their scientific and academic home institutions. This edited volume, comprising of thirteen chapters written by international specialists, reflects on the complex dimensions of intellectual migration in the neurosciences and illustrates them by using relevant case studies, biographies, and surveys. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of the History of the Neurosciences.
Forced Migration in the Spanish Pacific World
by Mehl Eva MariaNearly 4,000 Mexican troops and convicts landed in Manila Bay in the Philippines from 1765 to 1811. The majority were veterans and recruits; the rest were victims of vagrancy campaigns. Eva Maria Mehl follows these forced exiles from recruiting centers, jails and streets in central Mexico to Spanish outposts in the Philippines, and traces relationships of power between the imperial authorities in Madrid and the colonial governments and populations of New Spain and the Philippines in the late Bourbon era. Ultimately, forced migration from Mexico City to Manila illustrates that the histories of the Spanish Philippines and colonial Mexico have embraced and shaped each other, that there existed a connectivity between imperial processes in the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, and that a perspective of the Spanish empire centered on the Atlantic cannot adequately reflect the historical importance of the richly textured transpacific world.
Forced Migration: The Impact of the Export Slave Trade on African Societies (Routledge Library Editions: Slavery #6)
by Inikori J. E.Forced Migration, first published in 1982, examines the impact of the slave trade on Africa. There has been much debate over recent years about the effect of the Atlantic slave trade on Africa, with some authorities claiming that there were huge figures involved, and that these set back Africa's development for many years. Other historians reach lower estimates of the figures involved in the Atlantic trade, and hence argue that the effects on the political economy of Africa were more limited. Had widespread slavery existed long before the growth of the European slave trade? How important was the trans-Saharan traffic? Dr Inikori is the most authoritative voice in Africa to take part in this controversial international debate. He has done much original research into records, and here has made and introduced a selection of key papers. He has added elucidating editorial comments that place each paper in its context and link it to the other contributions.
Forced Out: A Detective's Story of Prejudice and Resilience
by Kevin MaxwellA gay, black, British police officer&’s memoir of prejudice, racism and homophobia on the force in the twenty-first century.Kevin Maxwell was a dream candidate for the police force—he had a long-held desire to serve his community, a strong moral compass and a clear aptitude for both the strategic and practical aspects of policing. And, as a gay black man from a working-class family, he could easily have been a poster boy for the force&’s stated commitment to equal opportunities. Joining just after the 9/11 attacks, Kevin entered policing determined to keep communities safe in the face of a changing world. But instead, he came up against entrenched prejudice, open racism and homophobia. For more than ten years, Kevin strove against the odds, until he took the force to an employment tribunal—with devastating results.Forced Out is a revelatory exposé combining deeply affecting memoir with sharp analysis and a fascinating insider perspective on day-to-day life in the force. It is a touchstone for the silent many who have either tried to ignore abuse for the sake of their career or who have been bullied out of their jobs. It paints a sobering portrait of an institution that has not yet learned the lessons of the past and whose prejudice is informing the cases it chooses to investigate and the way it investigates them. And it asks the important question: what needs to change?&“One of the most compulsive books I&’ve read in a long while.&” –Bernadine Evaristo, award-winning author of Girl, Woman, Other
Forced Out: A Nikkei Woman’s Search for a Home in America (Nikkei in the Americas)
by Judy Y. KawamotoForced Out: A Nikkei Woman’s Search for a Home in America offers insight into “voluntary evacuation,” a little-known Japanese American experience during World War II, and the lasting effects of cultural trauma. Of the roughly 120,000 people forced from their homes by Executive Order 9066, around 5,000 were able to escape incarceration beforehand by fleeing inland. In a series of beautifully written essays, Judy Kawamoto recounts her family’s flight from their home in Washington to Wyoming, their later moves to Montana and Colorado, and the influence of those experiences on the rest of her life. Hers is a story shared by the many families who lost everything and had to start over in often suspicious and hostile environments. Kawamoto vividly illustrates the details of her family’s daily life, the discrimination and financial hardship they experienced, and the isolation that came from experiencing the horrors of the 1940s very differently than many other Japanese Americans. Chapters address her personal and often unconscious reactions to her parents’ trauma, as well as her own subsequent travels around much of the world, exploring, learning, enjoying, but also unconsciously acting out a continual search for a home. Showing how the impacts of traumatic events are collective and generational, Kawamoto draws interconnections between her family’s displacement and later aspects of her life and juxtaposes the impact of her early experiences and questions of identity, culture, and assimilation. Forced Out will be of great interest to the general reader as well as students and scholars of ethnic studies, Asian American studies, history, education, and mental health.
Forced to Change: Crisis and Reform in the Canadian Armed Forces
by Colonel Bernd Horn Dr Bill Bentley Lieutenant-General Ret DallaireUndeniably, the 1990s were a period of crisis for the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). Drastic budget reductions and a series of endless scandals all collided to form the perfect storm. The outcome of this was nothing short of the implosion of the Canadian Armed Forces Officer Corps. Stripped by the government of the right to regulate itself, the Officer Corps, which represented the nation’s stewards of the profession of arms, was forced to reform itself. Key to this transformation was education. However, the road was not easy, as cultural change rarely is. Forced to Change tells the story of how the Canadian Armed Forces found itself at its lowest point in history and how it managed to reform itself. The question is whether it was a fundamental transformation or just a temporary adjustment to weather the storm.
Forces Speciales : Histories Heroiques Du Monde Entier
by Steve StoneLes forces spéciales sont des unités militaires formées pour accomplir des missions non conventionnelles. Elles sont apparues au début du XXe siècle et ont connu un essor important au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, avec la création de forces spéciales telles que les SAS et les U.S. Navy SEALs. Cette sélection d'histoires captivantes sur les forces spéciales du monde entier. Couvrant quatre décennies d'opérations extraordinaires, cette sélection de récits captivants des forces spéciales du monde entier. On y trouve notamment les opérations Eagle Claw, Gothic Serpent et Neptune Spear, ainsi que de nombreuses autres histoires pleines d'action. Les forces spéciales sont très respectées et les soldats qui font partie de ces unités d'élite ont subi une sélection et un entraînement difficiles pour arriver en première ligne. Qu'il s'agisse d'un opérateur de la Delta Force, d'un Navy SEAL, d'un soldat du SAS ou de tout autre opérateur des forces spéciales. Aujourd'hui, une étroite collaboration est la clé de nombreuses missions, même si la rivalité existe pour être le meilleur, le premier à atteindre un objectif ou à s'attaquer à une cible de premier plan. Les histoires de ce livre ont été choisies pour montrer non seulement les succès, mais aussi les échecs et les leçons tirées de chaque opération. La haute technologie ne remplace toujours pas les bottes sur le terrain, où des agents hautement qualifiés peuvent encore recueillir des renseignements qu'aucun œil dans le ciel n'est capable d'obtenir.
Forces for Good?
by Claire DuncansonThis book utilises the growing phenomenon of British soldier narratives from Iraq and Afghanistan to explore how British soldiers make sense of their role on these complex, multi-dimensional operations. It aims to intervene in the debates within critical feminist scholarship over whether soldiers can ever be agents of peace.
Forces of Fortune: The Rise of the New Muslim Middle Class and What It Will Mean for Our World
by Vali NasrFrom a "New York Times"-bestselling author comes a paradigm-changing revelation of the misunderstood rising force in the Islamic world--a non-extremist new middle class--that holds the key to winning the new Cold War against Iran and extremists.
Forces of Habit: Drugs And The Making Of The Modern World
by David T. CourtwrightWhat drives the drug trade, and how has it come to be what it is today? A global history of the acquisition of progressively more potent means of altering ordinary waking consciousness, this book is the first to provide the big picture of the discovery, interchange, and exploitation of the planet's psychoactive resources, from tea and kola to opiates and amphetamines.
Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World
by David T. CourtwrightWhat drives the drug trade, and how has it come to be what it is today? A global history of the acquisition of progressively more potent means of altering ordinary waking consciousness, this book is the first to provide the big picture of the discovery, interchange, and exploitation of the planet's psychoactive resources, from tea and kola to opiates and amphetamines.
Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World
by David T. CourtwrightWhat drives the drug trade, and how has it come to be what it is today? A global history of the acquisition of progressively more potent means of altering ordinary waking consciousness, this book is the first to provide the big picture of the discovery, interchange, and exploitation of the planet’s psychoactive resources, from tea and kola to opiates and amphetamines.
Forces of Nature: A History of Florida Land Conservation
by Clay HendersonThe activists and victories that made Florida a leader in land preservation Despite Florida’s important place at the beginning of the American conservation movement and its notable successes in the fight against environmental damage, the full story of land conservation in the state has not yet been told. In this comprehensive history, Clay Henderson celebrates the individuals and organizations who made the Sunshine State a leader in state-funded conservation and land preservation. Starting with early naturalists like William Bartram and John Muir who inspired the movement to create national parks and protect the country’s wilderness, Forces of Nature describes the efforts of familiar heroes like Marjory Stoneman Douglas and May Mann Jennings and introduces lesser-known champions like Frank Chapman, who helped convince Theodore Roosevelt to establish Pelican Island as the first national wildlife refuge in the United States. Henderson details how many of Florida’s activists, artists, philanthropists, and politicians have worked to designate threatened land for use as parks, preserves, and other conservation areas.Drawing on historical sources, interviews, and his own long career in environmental law, Henderson recounts the many small victories over time that helped Florida create several units of the national park system, nearly thirty national wildlife refuges, and one of the best state park systems in the country. Forces of Nature will motivate readers to join in defending Florida’s natural wonders.
Forces of Production
by David F NobleFocusing on the design and implementation of computer-based automatic machine tools, David F. Noble challenges the idea that technology has a life of its own. Technology has been both a convenient scapegoat and a universal solution, serving to disarm critics, divert attention, depoliticize debate, and dismiss discussion of the fundamental antagonisms and inequalities that continue to beset America. This provocative study of the postwar automation of the American metal-working industry-the heart of a modern industrial economy-explains how dominant institutions like the great corporations, the universities, and the military, along with the ideology of modern engineering shape, the development of technology. Noble shows how the system of "numerical control," perfected at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and put into general industrial use, was chosen over competing systems for reasons other than the technical and economic superiority typically advanced by its promoters. Numerical control took shape at an MIT laboratory rather than in a manufacturing setting, and a market for the new technology was created, not by cost-minded producers, but instead by the U. S. Air Force. Competing methods, equally promising, were rejected because they left control of production in the hands of skilled workers, rather than in those of management or programmers. Noble demonstrates that engineering design is influenced by political, economic, managerial, and sociological considerations, while the deployment of equipment-illustrated by a detailed case history of a large General Electric plant in Massachusetts-can become entangled with such matters as labor classification, shop organization, managerial responsibility, and patterns of authority. In its examination of technology as a human, social process, Forces of Production is a path-breaking contribution to the understanding of this phenomenon in American society.
Forces of the Hanseatic League
by David Nicolle Gerry EmbletonThe famous but largely unchronicled Hanseatic League (or simple "the Hanse/Hansa") was a Tuetonic German commercial and defensive federation of merchant guilds based in harbor towns along the North Sea and Baltic coasts of what are now Germany and her neighbors, which eventually dominated maritime trade in Northern Europe and spread its influence much further afield. The League was formed to protect the economic and political interests of member cities throughout a vast and complex trading network. While most members remained basically subject to the local rulers who profited from their prosperity, in a sense the League might be seen as foreshadowing today's ambiguous relationship between global corporations and political nation states.The League continued to operate well into the 17th century, but its golden age was between c. 1200 and c. 1500; thereafter it failed to take full advantage of the wave of maritime exploration to the west, south and east of Europe. During its 300 years of dominance the League's large ships - called "cogs" - were at the forefront of maritime technology, were early users of cannon, and were manned by strong fighting crews to defend them from pirates in both open-sea and river warfare. The home cities raised their own armies for mutual defence, and their riches both allowed them, and required them, to invest in fortifications and gunpowder weapons, since as very attractive targets they were subjected to sieges at various times.
Forces opposées: le mystère de la grotte
by Zaida Machuca Inostroza Aldivan Teixeira Torres"Forces opposées le mystère de la grotte" est le premier livre de la série Le Voyant, qui a comme personnages principaux le duo dynamique composé de le voyant et son partenaire inséparable d’aventuras Renato. Dans ce premier volume, fatigué par la monotonie, le voyant se décide à faire un Voyage à une montagne qui promet être sacrée, à la recherche de réaliser ses rêves. Une fois là, à l'escalade, il trouve un gardian, un être millénaire plein de sagesse, qui lui promet de l’aider dans son chemin. Aidé par elle, il surmonte trois défis lui permettant d’entrer dans la grotte du désespoir, un endroit où l’impossible devient possible. Il décide d’entrer. Esquivant dés pièges et avançant scénarios, il arrive à la Chambre secrète, endroit où il se devient un puissant voyant, capable de transcender les limites, espaces temporels, comprendre les aspirations les plus profondes du cœur. En sortant de la grotte il retrouve la gardienne ET avec l’enfant Renato il est envoyé à une mission plus compliquée : trouver des solutions pour les injustices, aider quelqu’un à se rencontrer lui-même et rassembler les forces opposées qui se trouvaient en déséquilibre. C’est là qui commence la première grande aventure qui promet du drame, du Roman et de suspense. Avez-vous un rêve ? Alors, lissez et découvrez les éléments clé pour persister à l’atteindre. Bonne lecture. Genre: FICTION / Historique Genre secondaire : FICTION / Roman / General Langage: Portugais Keywords: Word Count: 51718
Forcible Entry And The German Invasion Of Norway, 1940
by Major Michael W. RichardsonThe air-sea-land forcible entry of Norway in 1940 utilized German operational innovation and boldness to secure victory. The Germans clearly met, and understood, the conditions that were necessary to achieve victory. The central research question of this thesis is: What lessons concerning setting the conditions for present day forcible entry operations can be gleaned from the successful German invasion of Norway in 1940? Forcible entry is the introduction of an aggregation of military personnel, weapons systems, vehicles, and necessary support, or a combination thereof, embarked for the purpose of gaining access through land, air, or amphibious operations into an objective area against resistance. This aggregation of military force attempts to set conditions that cripple the enemy's ability to react decisively to, or interfere with, the forcible entry operation. The German emphasis on surprise and speed, an effective psychological campaign, and combined operations under a unified command in the invasion of Norway rendered the Norwegian and Allied intervention forces (including the Royal Navy which dominated the seas in the area) incapable of seriously interfering with the German forcible entry.
Ford Falcon - Commemorative Edition: The Great Years, The Great Cars
by Luke WestFord Falcon Commemorative Edition celebrates the much-loved car's six-decade rule of Aussie roads and racetracks. With the chequered flag flying on the Blue Oval favourite, this book examines the first Falcons to take flight in the early 1960s through to the final FG-X. Special emphasis is placed on the glorious decade 1969-78 and the magnificent high-performance machines from the Falcon XW GT-HO to the XA, XB and the Cobra. These are cars that still command instant respect and ooze all the excitement, emotion, colour, freedom and raw power of their time. Ford Falcon captures the stories from the men who designed, developed, built and raced these bred-for-Bathurst beasts. It features stunning photography of Falcon's triumphs, milestones and majesty. After some 56 years and 3.8 million cars, what better way to say goodbye to Aussie motoring royalty.
Ford Model T Coast to Coast: A Slow Drive Across a Fast Country
by Tom CotterA photo-filled account of traveling the Lincoln Highway in a century-old automobile, and contemplating a future of self-driving cars: "[An] epic road trip." —USA TodayDriverless cars are on the horizon, but before the world falls asleep at the wheel, let's look back down the road from whence we have come. Ford Model T Coast to Coast documents the cross-country adventure of two brave drivers as they pilot a hundred-year-old Model T on a 3,000-mile journey from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Coast.This book is as much a contemplation of early-twentieth-century American life as it is a fond farewell to the automotive age. Can the car still be the vehicle of freedom and discovery when we're no longer in command? Or will we finally be able to fully appreciate the scenery rushing past?Accompanied by Michael Alan Ross' evocative photography, Tom Cotter stops in small towns, meets local people, and hears their stories about cars, travel, and life. The two also explore back roads adjacent to his main route, the Lincoln Highway—the first transcontinental road.Significant cross-country runs, such as those by speed-record setter Cannonball Baker and literary adventurers Jack Kerourac, John Steinbeck, and Bill Bryson, are considered in light of the driverless future. Cotter also drives some of the same roads that a young Edsel Ford traveled in his father's Model T upon high school graduation in 1917. In addition to the central road trip, Cotter visits interesting automotive and transport museums as well as "keepers of the flame" such as Model T clubs, mechanics, junkyards, and collectors across the country. He also records the numerous trials and tribulations in keeping a very old car operating on a very long journey—something the driverless car of the future is unlikely to encounter.
Ford's Theatre (Images of America)
by Brian Anderson Ford's Theatre SocietyFord's Theatre in downtown Washington, DC, is best known as the scene of Pres. Abraham Lincoln's assassination on April 14, 1865. It is among the oldest and most visited sites of national tragedy in the United States. First constructed in 1833 as a Baptist church, the property was acquired by John T. Ford and converted into a theater in 1861. Presenting almost 500 performances before the assassination, Ford afterward sold the building to the federal government. A century later, the National Park Service reconstructed the theater, and Ford's Theatre Society began presenting live performances there in 1968. Since then, the two organizations have partnered to offer more than 650,000 annual visitors an array of quality programming about Lincoln's presidency and legacy. Today, patrons can explore the Tenth Street "campus," consisting of the theater, interactive museum galleries, the house where Lincoln died, and the Center for Education and Leadership.
Fordham, A History of the Jesuit University of New York: 1841-2003
by Thomas J. ShelleyBased largely on archival sources in the United States and Rome, this book documents the evolution of Fordham from a small diocesan college into a major American Jesuit and Catholic university. It places the development of Fordham within the context of the massive expansion of Catholic higher education that tookplace in the United States in the twentieth century. This was reflected at Fordham in its transformation from a local commuter college to a predominantly residential institution that now attracts students from 48 states and 65 foreign countries to its three undergraduate schools and seven graduate and professional schools with an enrollment of more than 15,000 students.This is honest history that gives due credit to Fordham for its many academic achievements, but it also recognizes that Fordham shared the shortcomings of many Catholic colleges in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. There was an ongoing struggle between Jesuit faculty who wished to adhere closely to the traditional Jesuit ratio studiorum and those who recognized the need for Fordham to modernize its curriculum to meet the demands of the regional accrediting agencies.In recent decades, like virtually all American Catholic universities and colleges, the ownership of Fordham has been transferred from the Society of Jesus to a predominantly lay board of trustees. At the same time, the sharp decline in the number of Jesuit administrators and faculty has intensified the challenge of offeringa first-rate education while maintaining Fordham’s Catholic and Jesuit identity.June 2016 is the 175th anniversary of the founding of Fordham University, and this comprehensive history of a beloved and renowned New York City institution of higher learning will help contribute to celebrating this momentous occasion.
Fordham: A History and Memoir, Revised Edition
by Raymond A. SchrothFordham University is the quintessential American-Catholic institution—and one now looked upon as among the best Catholic universities in the country. Its story is also the story of New York, especially the Bronx, andFordham’s commitment to the city during its rise, fall, and rebirth. It’s a story of Jesuits, soldiers, alumni who fought in World Wars, chaplains, teachers, and administrators who made bold moves and big mistakes, ofpresidents who thought small and those who had vision. And of the first women, students and faculty, who helped bring Fordham into the 20th century. Finally it’s the story of an institution’s attempt to keep its Jesuitand Catholic identity as it strives for leadership in a competitive world. Combining authoritative history and fascinating anecdotes, Schroth offers an engaging account of Fordham’s one hundred thirrty-seven years—here, updated, revised, and expanded to cover the new presidency of Joseph M. McShane, S.J., and the challenges Fordham faces in the new century.