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Investigation Into The Reliefs Of Generals Orlando Ward And Terry Allen
by Major Richard H. Johnson Jr.Between April and August 1943, the U.S. Army's II Corps saw two of its division commanders relieved of their commands. Each relief appeared tied to battlefield setbacks. MG Orlando Ward of the 1st Armored Division was relieved after his division failed to seize a narrow mountain pass near the town of Maknassy, in Tunisia. Ward's superiors labeled him too cautious, unwilling or unable to motivate his soldiers to take their objective. Months later on the island of Sicily, MG Terry Allen was relieved of command of the 1st Infantry Division. His relief followed the failure to seize the Sicilian town of Troina. Allen's superiors accused him of being too hesitant in committing his entire force to the attack. He was branded an insubordinate rebel who cared only for his own troops.In both cases, a standard history of the events emerged. It was based on the official U.S. Army account and a narrow reading of primary sources. This version of events ascribed each relief to flaws in Ward and Allen's leadership ability. The standard description of the reliefs continues to appear in recent scholarship. However, some accounts departed from the accepted portrayal, and point to alternate reasons behind the reliefs. When these alternative accounts are considered along with a comprehensive examination of primary source material, a new argument emerges. Ward and Allen were removed from command for political and military reasons of expediency. From a broader perspective, this investigation revealed how wartime leaders dealt with unprecedented circumstances to accomplish their goals. Understanding the reliefs of Generals Ward and Allen provides insight into organizational decision making and its effect on the U.S. Army in the early portion of World War II.
Investigation into Mr. Malone's Claim to Charter of Scholar: Volume 24
by Samuel IrelandFirst published in 1970. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Investigations in Sociohistorical Linguistics
by Peter TrudgillIn the last five hundred years or so, the English language has undergone remarkable geographical expansion, bringing it into contact with other languages in new locations. It also caused different regional dialects of the language to come into contact with each other in colonial situations. This book is made up of a number of fascinating tales of historical-sociolinguistic detection. These are stories of origins - of a particular variety of English or linguistic feature - which together tell a compelling general story. In each case, Trudgill presents an intriguing puzzle, locates and examines the evidence, detects clues that unravel the mystery, and finally proposes a solution. The solutions are all original, often surprising, sometimes highly controversial. Providing a unique insight into how language contact shapes varieties of English, this entertaining yet rigorous account will be welcomed by students and researchers in linguistics, sociolinguistics and historical linguistics.
Investing in Asian Offshore Currency Markets
by Michael C. S. Wong Wilson F. C. ChanThe offshore currency market is a foundation of offshore bond market, helping well-established corporations in global financing. Following the global financial tsunami in 2008 and European debt crisis in 2009-2011, this book aims to document the latest issues, challenges, trends and thoughts relating to offshore currency markets in Asia.
Investing in Life: Insurance in Antebellum America (Studies in Early American Economy and Society from the Library Company of Philadelphia)
by Sharon Ann MurphyWinner, Hagley Prize in Business History, Hagley Museum and Library and the Business History ConferenceInvesting in Life considers the creation and expansion of the American life insurance industry from its early origins in the 1810s through the 1860s and examines how its growth paralleled and influenced the emergence of the middle class.Using the economic instability of the period as her backdrop, Sharon Ann Murphy also analyzes changing roles for women; the attempts to adapt slavery to an urban, industrialized setting; the rise of statistical thinking; and efforts to regulate the business environment. Her research directly challenges the conclusions of previous scholars who have dismissed the importance of the earliest industry innovators while exaggerating clerical opposition to life insurance.Murphy examines insurance as both a business and a social phenomenon. She looks at how insurance companies positioned themselves within the marketplace, calculated risks associated with disease, intemperance, occupational hazard, and war, and battled fraud, murder, and suicide. She also discusses the role of consumers—their reasons for purchasing life insurance, their perceptions of the industry, and how their desires and demands shaped the ultimate product.
Investing in Life: Insurance in Antebellum America (Studies in Early American Economy and Society from the Library Company of Philadelphia)
by Sharon Ann MurphyA study of the early years of the life insurance industry in 19th century America.Investing in Life considers the creation and expansion of the American life insurance industry from its early origins in the 1810s through the 1860s and examines how its growth paralleled and influenced the emergence of the middle class.Using the economic instability of the period as her backdrop, Sharon Ann Murphy also analyzes changing roles for women; the attempts to adapt slavery to an urban, industrialized setting; the rise of statistical thinking; and efforts to regulate the business environment. Her research directly challenges the conclusions of previous scholars who have dismissed the importance of the earliest industry innovators while exaggerating clerical opposition to life insurance.Murphy examines insurance as both a business and a social phenomenon. She looks at how insurance companies positioned themselves within the marketplace, calculated risks associated with disease, intemperance, occupational hazard, and war, and battled fraud, murder, and suicide. She also discusses the role of consumers?their reasons for purchasing life insurance, their perceptions of the industry, and how their desires and demands shaped the ultimate product.Winner, Hagley Prize in Business History, Hagley Museum and Library and the Business History ConferencePraise for Investing in Life“A well-written, well-argued book that makes a number of important contributions to the history of business and capitalism in antebellum America.” —Sean H. Vanatta, Common Place“An intriguing, instructive history of the establishment and development of the life insurance industry that reveals a good deal about changing social and commercial conditions in antebellum America . . . Highly recommended.” —Choice
Investing in Peace: Aid and Conditionality after Civil Wars (Adelphi series #Vol. 351)
by James K. BoyceThis book analyzes the provision of aid to countries that have undergone negotiated settlements to civil wars, drawing on recent experiences in Bosnia, Cambodia, El Salvador, and Guatemala. It focuses on the potential for peace conditionality, linking aid to steps to implement accords and consolidate the peace. The book explores how aid can encourage domestic investment in peace-related needs; the reconciliation of long-run peacebuilding objectives with short-run humanitarian imperatives; and the obstacles that donors' priorities and procedures pose to effective aid for peace. It concludes that investing in peace requires not only the reconstruction of war-torn societies but also the reconstruction of aid itself.
Investing in Peace: How Development Aid Can Prevent or Promote Conflict
by Robert J. MuscatInternational intervention in internal wars has gained rhetorical legitimacy in the post-cold war period, but in practice it has remained problematic. Response to these conflicts has remained mainly diplomatic and military - and belated. Is there anything international actors can do to prevent, or at least ameliorate, such conflicts? Are conflict-prevention measures already being attempted, and sometimes succeeding so well that we are unaware of their effectiveness? If so, what can we learn from them? In this book, Robert J. Muscat, a veteran international development expert who has worked in South America, South and Southeast Asia, East Africa, and the Balkans, attempts to answer these questions. Drawing on the work of others as well as his own extensive experience, he reviews the accrued insights into the causes of internal conflict. He examines nine cases in which the work of development agencies exacerbated or ameliorated the root causes of conflict. This permits some generalizations about the efficacy or deleterious effects of development programs - and of their futility when the conflict-prevention dimension of international assistance efforts is ignored.
Investing with Keynes: How the World's Greatest Economist Overturned Conventional Wisdom and Made a Fortune on the Stock Market
by Justyn WalshA guide to John Maynard Keynes—one of the greatest economic minds of the twentieth century—for today's investor.John Maynard Keynes was a many-sided figure – world-changing economist, architect of the post-War international monetary system, bestselling author, a Baron in the House of Lords, and key member of the Bloomsbury group. He also had the talent and ability to make vast sums of money in the stock market. At the time of his death, Keynes' net worth—almost entirely built through successful stock investments—amounted to the present-day equivalent of more than $30 million. Additionally, the college endowment fund he managed had massively outperformed the broader market over a two-decade period. Keynes was a member of that rare breed—an economist who flourished not only in the rarefied heights of ivory tower academia, but also amidst the hustle and votility of the financial markets. How does a study of Keynes—the shrewd stock picker and star fund manager—benefit the modern investor? In this volatile era, Keynes' observations on stock market behaviour, in fact, are more relevant than ever. Accessible and informative, this book identifies what modern masters of the market have taken from Keynes and used in their own investing styles—and what you too can learn from one of the most influential economic thinkers of the twentieth century.
Investment And Reindustrialization In The Soviet Economy
by Boris Z. RumerInvestment activity in the Soviet Union is presently undergoing a decline hitherto unknown in the history of the nation: The growth of capital investment has stopped, while levels of production have fallen. One important factor in this phenomenon is the Soviet policy of reindustrialization—shifting new investments into the expansion and improvement of existing facilities—which severely limits capital available for new construction. In this book, Dr. Rumer examines current Soviet investment policies and assesses their impact on economic development, especially in Siberia. Reindustrialization is intended to combine more rapid amortization for updating and retooling, growth in the volume of industrial output, and minimal capital investment. However, concludes Dr. Rumer, this investment pattern hinders the development of Siberia and thus reinforces the spatial polarization of fuel-energy and raw-material resources in the east of the country and the manufacturing industry in the west, with serious consequences for Soviet strategic/military vulnerability and for the Soviet economy.
Investment Incentives and the Global Competition for Capital: The Return Of The Dead (International Political Economy Series)
by Kenneth P. ThomasThis book considers the widespread treatment of traumatic memory in Irish fiction of the past thirty-five years. It focuses on both trauma fiction and the historical novel, and the way certain novelists looked to early events in twentieth century Irish history to engage the recent political violence in Northern Ireland beginning in 1969.
Investment in Blood
by Frank LedwidgeIn this follow-up to his much-praised book "Losing Small Wars: British Military Failure in Iraq and Afghanistan," Frank Ledwidge argues that Britain has paid a heavy cost - both financially and in human terms - for its involvement in the Afghanistan war. Ledwidge calculates the high price paid by British soldiers and their families, taxpayers in the United Kingdom, and, most importantly, Afghan citizens, highlighting the thousands of deaths and injuries, the enormous amount of money spent bolstering a corrupt Afghan government, and the long-term damage done to the British militarys international reputation. In this hard-hitting expose, based on interviews, rigorous on-the-ground research, and official information obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, Ledwidge demonstrates the folly of Britains extended participation in an unwinnable war. Arguing that the only true beneficiaries of the conflict are development consultants, international arms dealers, and Afghan drug kingpins, he provides a powerful, eye-opening, and often heartbreaking account of military adventurism gone horribly wrong.
Investment: A History (Columbia Business School Publishing)
by Norton Reamer Jesse DowningInvesting—the commitment of resources to achieve a return—affects individuals, families, companies, and nations, and has done so throughout history. Yet until the sixteenth century, investing was a privilege of only the elite classes. The story behind the democratization of investing is bound up with some of history's most epic events. It is also a tale rich with lessons for professional and everyday investors who hope to make wiser choices.This entertaining history doubles as a sophisticated account of the opportunities and challenges facing the modern investor. It follows the rise of funded retirement; the evolution of investment vehicles and techniques; investment misdeeds and regulatory reform; government economic policy; the development of investment theory; and the emergence of new investment structures. Norton Reamer and Jesse Downing map these trends and profile the battle between low cost index and exchange-traded funds, on the one hand, and the higher-fee hedge funds and private equity, on the other. By helping us understand this history and its legacy of risk, Reamer and Downing hope to better educate readers about the individual and societal impact of investing and ultimately level the playing field.
Inveterate Walkers, Literary Minds: Bengal’s Pilgrims and Their Himalayan Journeys (Routledge Research in Travel Writing)
by Anandarup BiswasInveterate Walkers, Literary Minds: Bengal’s Pilgrims and Their Himalayan Journeys brings under its critical focus the writings of Bengal’s travellers (mostly pilgrims) who went, on foot, into Himalayan trails from the mid-nineteenth to the early and mid-twentieth century. Unlike many European travellers and climbers in the age of empire, who saw the mountain as an obstacle overcoming which was a matter of individual and national pride, these modest walkers, unkempt and raddled in their meagre ways of travel, produced a discourse of surrender in their intimate and reflecting engagement with the mountains. The book examines the writings of Jadunath Sharbadhikary, the first among Bengal’s pilgrims whose Himalayan travels were published as a book and the more popular writers including Jaladhar Sen, Umaprasad Mukhopadhyay and Abadhut. It also traces emergent selfhoods and complex subjectivities of women travellers in particular, such as Ratnamala Devi, Rani Chanda and Nabaneeta Deb Sen whose accounts reveal both guarded, hesitant voices and self-assured, confident enunciation of the self.
Invictus
by John CarlinBeginning in a jail cell and ending in a rugby tournament—the true story of how the most inspiring charm offensive in history brought South Africa together. After being released from prison and winning South Africa’s first free election, Nelson Mandela presided over a country still deeply divided by fifty years of apartheid. His plan was ambitious if not far-fetched: use the national rugby team, the Springboks—long an embodiment of white-supremacist rule—to embody and engage a new South Africa as they prepared to host the 1995 World Cup. The string of wins that followed not only defied the odds, but capped Mandela’s miraculous effort to bring South Africans together again in a hard-won, enduring bond. Watch a Video .
Invictus
by Ryan Graudin<p>A heart-stopping adventure that defies time and space--New York Times bestselling author Marie Lu calls it "an incredibly intricate, brilliantly paced, masterfully written journey." <p>Farway Gaius McCarthy was born outside of time. The son of a time traveler from 2354 AD and a gladiator living in ancient Rome, Far's very existence defies the laws of nature. All he's ever wanted was to explore history for himself, but after failing his entrance exam into the government program, Far will have to settle for a position on the black market-captaining a time-traveling crew to steal valuables from the past. <p>During a routine heist on the sinking Titanic, Far meets a mysterious girl named Eliot who always seems to be one step ahead of him. Eliot has secrets-big ones-that will affect Far's life from beginning to end. Armed with the knowledge that history is not as steady as it seems, she will lead Far and his team on a race through time to set things right before the clock runs out.</p>
Invictus (Eagles Of The Empire Ser. #Bk. 15)
by Simon ScarrowINVICTUS is a gripping, authentic and exciting novel of the Roman army from bestselling author Simon Scarrow. Not to be missed by readers of Conn Iggulden and Bernard Cornwell.It is AD 54. The soldiers of the Roman army patrol a growing Empire, from the Mediterranean to the North Sea, from the Atlantic to the banks of the Nile. Rome brutally enforces its rule, and its legions are the most efficient and aggressive fighting force in the world. Two battle-scarred veterans of this army, Prefect Cato and Centurion Macro, have survived years of campaigning in Britannia and have been recalled to Rome. Their time in the teeming, dangerously political city is short, and soon they are travelling with the Praetorian Guard to Spain, a restless colony where simmering tension in the face of Roman rule is aggravated by bitter rivalry amongst the natives. The challenges that face two old friends and their comrades in arms are unlike any they have seen before - in a land that declares itself unconquerable...
Invictus (Eagles Of The Empire Ser. #Bk. 15)
by Simon ScarrowIF YOU DON'T KNOW SIMON SCARROW, YOU DON'T KNOW ROME!The Sunday Times bestseller. INVICTUS is a gripping, authentic and exciting novel of the Roman army from bestselling author Simon Scarrow. Not to be missed by readers of Conn Iggulden and Bernard Cornwell.It is AD 54. The soldiers of the Roman army patrol a growing Empire, from the Mediterranean to the North Sea, from the Atlantic to the banks of the Nile. Rome brutally enforces its rule, and its legions are the most efficient and aggressive fighting force in the world. Two battle-scarred veterans of this army, Prefect Cato and Centurion Macro, have survived years of campaigning in Britannia and have been recalled to Rome. Their time in the teeming, dangerously political city is short, and soon they are travelling with the Praetorian Guard to Spain, a restless colony where simmering tension in the face of Roman rule is aggravated by bitter rivalry amongst the natives. The challenges that face two old friends and their comrades in arms are unlike any they have seen before - in a land that declares itself unconquerable...
Invictus (Eagles of the Empire 15)
by Simon ScarrowThe gripping new Roman adventure in the EAGLES OF THE EMPIRE series, featuring Cato and Macro, from No.1 Sunday Times bestselling Simon Scarrow, author of BRITANNIA and BROTHERS IN BLOOD. 'I really don't need this kind of competition' Bernard Cornwell
Invictus: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation
by John CarlinSoon to be a major motion picture, directed by Clint Eastwood and starring Matt Damon and Morgan Freeman, "Invictus" tells the story of Nelson Mandela's ambitious plan to use South Africa's national rugby team to engage the still deeply divided country.
Invierno en Madrid
by C.J. SansomInolvidable, irresistible e imprescindible, Invierno en Madrid es una novela de amor y espionaje que trata sobre la dificultad de elegir bien en un momento marcado por la guerra. Año 1940. Europa está en manos de los nazis. En plena posguerra, Madrid pasa hambre y se ha convertido en un hervidero de espías de todas las potencias mundiales. Harry Brett, un antiguo soldado inglés que participó en la guerra civil y trabaja para el servicio secreto británico, debe ganarse la confianza de un antiguo condiscípulo, Sandy Forsyth, a fin de averiguar a qué negocios turbios se dedica en la España de Franco. Mientras tanto, Barbara Clare, la novia de Sandy, ex enfermera de la Cruz Roja, también tiene una misión secreta: encontrar al que fue su amante, Bernie Piper, un voluntario comunista de las Brigadas Internacionales que despareció tras la Batalla del Jarama. Inolvidable, irresistible e imprescindible, Invierno en Madrid es una novela de amor y espionaje que trata sobre la dificultad de elegir bien en un momento marcado por la guerra. Año 1940. Europa está en manos de los nazis. En plena posguerra, Madrid pasa hambre y se ha convertido en un hervidero de espías de todas las potencias mundiales. Harry Brett, un antiguo soldado inglés que participó en la guerra civil y trabaja para el servicio secreto británico, debe ganarse la confianza de un antiguo condiscípulo, Sandy Forsyth, a fin de averiguar a qué negocios turbios se dedica en la España de Franco. Mientras tanto, Barbara Clare, la novia de Sandy, ex enfermera de la Cruz Roja, también tiene una misión secreta: encontrar al que fue su amante, Bernie Piper, un voluntario comunista de las Brigadas Internacionales que despareció tras la Batalla del Jarama.
Invincible Microbe: Tuberculosis and the Never-Ending Search for a Cure
by Jim Murphy Alison BlankThis is the story of a killer that has been striking people down for thousands of years:tuberculosis. After centuries of ineffective treatments, the microorganism that causesTB was identified, and the cure was thought to be within reach--but drug-resistantvarieties continue to plague and panic the human race. The "biography" of this deadlygerm, an account of the diagnosis, treatment, and "cure" of the disease over time,and the social history of an illness that could strike anywhere but was most prevalentamong the poor are woven together in an engrossing, carefully researched narrative.Bibliography, source notes, index.
Invisibility by Design: Women and Labor in Japan's Digital Economy
by Gabriella LukácsIn the wake of labor market deregulation during the 2000s, online content sharing and social networking platforms were promoted in Japan as new sites of work that were accessible to anyone. Enticed by the chance to build personally fulfilling careers, many young women entered Japan's digital economy by performing unpaid labor as photographers, net idols, bloggers, online traders, and cell phone novelists. While some women leveraged digital technology to create successful careers, most did not. In Invisibility by Design Gabriella Lukács traces how these women's unpaid labor became the engine of Japan's digital economy. Drawing on interviews with young women who strove to sculpt careers in the digital economy, Lukács shows how platform owners tapped unpaid labor to create innovative profit-generating practices without employing workers, thereby rendering women's labor invisible. By drawing out the ways in which labor precarity generates a demand for feminized affective labor, Lukács underscores the fallacy of the digital economy as a more democratic, egalitarian, and inclusive mode of production.
Invisibility: The History and Science of How Not to Be Seen
by Gregory J. GburA lively exploration of how invisibility has gone from science fiction to fact Is it possible for something or someone to be made invisible? This question, which has intrigued authors of science fiction for over a century, has become a headline-grabbing topic of scientific research. In this book, science writer and optical physicist Gregory J. Gbur traces the science of invisibility from its sci-fi origins in the nineteenth-century writings of authors such as H. G. Wells and Fitz James O&’Brien to modern stealth technology, invisibility cloaks, and metamaterials. He explores the history of invisibility and its science and technology connections, including the discovery of the electromagnetic spectrum, the development of the atomic model, and quantum theory. He shows how invisibility has moved from fiction to reality, and he questions the hidden paths that lie ahead for researchers. This is not only the story of invisibility but also the story of humankind&’s understanding of the nature of light itself, and of the many fascinating figures whose discoveries advanced this knowledge.
Invisible Activists: Women of the Louisiana NAACP and the Struggle for Civil Rights, 1915–1945 (Conflicting Worlds: New Dimensions of the American Civil War)
by Lee SartainBehind the historical accounts of the great men of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People lies the almost forgotten story of the black women who not only participated in the organization but actually helped it thrive in the early twentieth-century South. In Invisible Activists, Lee Sartain examines attitudes toward gender, class, and citizenship of African American activists in Louisiana and women's roles in the campaign for civil rights in the state. In the end, he argues, it was women working behind the scenes in Louisiana's branches of the NAACP who were the most crucial factor in the organization's efficiency and survival. During the first half of the twentieth century -- especially in the darkest days of the Great Depression, when membership waned and funds were scarce -- a core group of women maintained Louisiana's NAACP. Fighting on the front line, Sartain explains, women acted as grassroots organizers, running public relations campaigns and membership drives, mobilizing youth groups, and promoting general community involvement. Using case studies of several prominent female NAACP members in Louisiana, Sartain demonstrates how women combined their fundraising skills with an extensive network of community and family ties to fund the NAACP and, increasingly, to undertake the day-to-day operations of the local organizations themselves. Still, these women also struggled against the double obstacles of racism and sexism that prevented them from attaining the highest positions within NAACP branch leadership. Sartain illustrates how the differences between the sexes were ultimately woven into the political battle for racial justice, where women were viewed as having inherent moral superiority and, hence, the potential to lift the black population as a whole. Sartain concludes that despite the societal traditions that kept women out of leadership positions, in the early stages of the civil rights movement, their skills and their contributions as community matriarchs provided the keys to the organization's progress. Highly original and essential to a comprehensive study of the NAACP, Invisible Activists gives voice to the many individual women who sustained the influential civil rights organization during a time of severe racial oppression in Louisiana. Without such dedication, Sartain asserts, the organization would have had no substantial presence in the state.