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Himmler's Auxiliaries: The Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933-1945
by Valdis O. LumansLumans studies the relations between Nazi Germany and the German minority populations of other European countries, examining these ties within the context of Hitler's foreign policy and the racial policies of SS Chief Heinrich Himmler. He shows how the Reich's racial and political interests in these German minorities between 1933 and 1945 helped determine its behavior toward neighboring states.Originally published in 1993. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
Himmler's Cook
by Franz-Olivier GiesbertA gloriously rich and blackly funny French bestseller about Rose, a 105-year-old chef who has experienced life at its fullest. . . and at its most deadly. Rose has endured more than her fair share of hardships: the Armenian genocide, the Nazi regime, and the delirium of Maoism. Yet somehow, despite all the suffering, Rose never loses her joie de vivre. As she looks back over her long life—one of survival and, sometimes, one of retribution—she recalls those unique experiences that added such spice to her life, whether it was being a confidante to Hitler, a friend to Simone de Beauvoir or cooking for Heinrich Himmler.
Himmler's Crusade: The Nazi Expedition to Find the Origins of the Aryan Race
by Christopher HaleThe compelling story of a trek across an exotic land–and the sinister consequences It was an SS mission led by two complex individuals–one who was using the Nazis to pursue his own ends, and one so committed to Nazism that afterward he conducted racial experiments using the skulls of prisoners at Auschwitz. <p><p> Himmler's Crusade relates the 1938 Nazi expedition through British India to the sacred mountains of Tibet in search of the remnants of the Aryan people, the lost master race. Based on a wide range of previously unused sources, this intriguing book reveals the mission–a pet project of Reichsfuhrer Heinrich Himmler—to be the result of both a bizarre historical fantasy and a strategy to provoke insurgency in British India. <p><p> Providing rare glimpses into Himmler's SS stronghold, this riveting tale sheds new light on the occult component of the racial theories that obsessed Himmler and his fellow Nazis.
Himmler's Death Squad: Einsatzgruppen in Action, 1939–1944 (Images of War)
by Ian BaxterThis WWII pictorial history offers an unsettling up-close account of the Nazi death squads committing mass murder on the Eastern Front.The murderous activities of Himmler’s Einsatzgruppen – or death squads—rank high among the horrors of the Nazi regime during the Second World War. As the Waffen-SS and Wehrmacht advanced into Eastern Europe and Soviet Russia, these hand-picked groups followed in their wake, committing mass murder of civilians.Their killing in occupied territories will never be accurately quantified but is likely to have exceeded two million people, including some 1.3 million of the 6,000,00 Jews who perished in the Holocaust.The graphic and shocking photographs in this Images of War book show Einsatzgruppen operations, including the hunt for and rounding up of civilians, communists, Jews and Romani people. It also shows the active support given to the Einsatzgruppen by SS and Wehrmacht units. The latter strenuously denied any collusion, but the photographic evidence here refutes this.
Himmler's Nazi Concentration Camp Guards: Rare Photographs from Wartime Archives (Images of War)
by Ian Baxter&“A chilling study of the . . . recruitment, indoctrination and performance of those responsible for the guarding of concentration camp inmates.&”—Inscale.org The conversion of human beings into murderers and individuals routinely carrying out appalling acts of cruelty are bound to be shocking. But it happened under the Third Reich on a massive scale. This book follows the development of concentration camps from the early beginnings in the 1930s (Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen etc.), through their establishment in the conquered territories of Poland and Czechoslovakia to the extermination camps (Dachau, Auschwitz). In parallel, it describes, using original source material, the behavior of the guards who became in numerous cases immune to the horrors around them. This is well borne out by the conduct of the guards during the Liberation process, which is also movingly described using numerous personal accounts of shocked Allied personnel. Of the 55,000 Nazi concentration camp guards, some 3,700 were women. The book studies their behavior with examples along with that of their male counterparts. &“These are everyday pictures of sadistic murderers. Ian Baxter should be commended on this book. The concentration camps of the Second World War should never be pushed to the back of our minds. It happened and we should remember it so that it can never be allowed to happen again.&”—WW2 Connection
Hinckley and the Fire of 1894 (Images of America)
by Walt Tomascak Alaina Wolter LysethImagine a force in nature more powerful than multiple atomic bombs--that was the Great Hinckley Fire of September 1, 1894. In only four hours, the fire incinerated over 400 square miles of forest, killed at least 418 settlers and an unknown number of forest-dwelling Native Americans, and destroyed six towns in a firestorm of flame. The elements that led to this unprecedented catastrophe included careless logging practices, a drought, freakish weather, and suspected sparks from passing locomotives. The story of the 1894 fire is a saga of devastation, heartbreak, heroism, survival, hope, and rebuilding that captured worldwide attention. Recently discovered photographs provide a backdrop for a fresh look at the events surrounding the disaster and the courage of the pioneers who survived to tell the tale.
Hind Swaraj
by M. K. Gandhiહિંસાની વિચારધારાને આપણે સામાન્ય રીતે માનીએ છીએ તેથી વધુ અનુમોદન પ્રાપ્ત છે. હિંસાના હિમાયતીઓના બે વર્ગ છે. અલ્પ અને વધુ અલ્પ થતો જતો એક સમુદાય હિંસામાં માને છે અને એ મુજબ આચરણ કરવા તૈયાર હોય છે. બીજો અતિ મોટો એક વર્ગ હંમેશા રહ્યો છે જે હિંસામાં આસ્થા ધરાવે છે ખરો, પણ, હમણાના આંદોલનની નિષ્ફળતાના કડવા અનુભવ પછી, એમની એ આસ્થા આચરણમાં પરિણમતી નથી. કાર્યસિદ્ધિ માટે જબરદસ્તી સિવાય બીજા માર્ગ એમની પાસે હોતા નથી. હિંસામાં એમનો ઇતબાર એવો જડબેસલાક હોય છે કે બીજાં બધાં કામો કરવાને અને કશાનો ભોગ આપવાને રસ્તે જતા એ અટકે છે. આ બેઉ અનિષ્ટ જબરાં છે. હિંસાનાં તમામ સ્વરૂપોને આપણે તિલાંજાલિ નહીં આપીએ અને ઇતર પરિબળને આપણું ચાલકબળ નહીં બનાવીએ ત્યાં સુધી આપણી આ માતૃભૂમિના નવનિર્માણની આશા મિથ્યા છે. હિંસાચારના નકારનો તકાજો આજે છે એટલો કદી નહોતો. આ ધ્યેયસિદ્ધિ માટે શ્રી ગાંધીના આ વિખ્યાત પુસ્તકના પ્રકાશન અને તેના વિશાળ ફેલાવાથી બહેતર બીજો કયો રસ્તો હોઈ શકે? [હિંદ સ્વરાજ] - ચ. રાજગોપાલાચાર સત્યાગ્રહ સભા, મદ્રાસ, 6–6–’19
Hind Swaraj
by M. K. Gandhiहिंसा की विचारधारा को हमे साधारणतया प्रतीत होता है उससे अधिक अनुमोदन प्राप्य है| हिंसा के हिमायती दो वर्ग में विभाजित हैं| अल्प और अल्पतम होता एक समुदाय हिंसा में मानता है और उस पर आचरण करने को तत्पर होता है| दूसरा एक विशाल वर्ग हमेशा से रहा है जो हिंसा में आस्था तो रखता है, पर, हाल के आंदोलन की निष्फलता के कटु अनुभव के पश्चात्, उनकी यह आस्था आचरण में परिवर्तित नहीं होती| कार्यसिद्धि के लिए ज़बरदस्ती सिवा दूसरा मार्ग उनके पासे नहीं होता| हिंसा के प्रति उनका दृढ इतबार उन्हें अन्य किसी काम करने से या भोग देने के रास्ते पर चलने से रोकता है| यह दोनों ही बातें भारी आपत्तिपूर्ण हैं| जब तक हम हिंसा के तमाम स्वरूपों को तिलांजलि नहीं दे देते और अहिंसक परिबलों को अपना चालकबल नहीं बनने देते तब तक अपनी यह मातृभूमि के नवनिर्माण की आशा मिथ्या है| हिंसाचार के नकार की आवश्यकता जितनी आज है ईतनी पहले कभी न थी| ईस ध्येयसिद्धि के लिए गांधीजी के यह विख्यात पुस्तक का प्रकाशन और उसके विशाल प्रचार से बहेतर मार्ग और क्या हो सकता हैे? [हिंद स्वराज] च. राजगोपालाचार सत्याग्रह सभा, मद्रास, 6-6-’19
'Hind Swaraj' and Other Writings
by Anthony J. Parel Mahatma GandhiHind Swaraj is Mahatma Gandhi's fundamental work. Not only is it key to understanding his life and thoughts, but also the politics of South Asia in the first half of the twentieth century. Celebrating 100 years since Hind Swaraj was first published in a newspaper, this centenary edition includes a new Preface and Editor's Introduction, as well as a new chapter on 'Gandhi and the 'Four Canonical Aims of Life''. The volume presents a critical edition of the 1910 text of Hind Swaraj, fully annotated and including Gandhi's own Preface and Foreword (not found in other editions). Anthony J. Parel sets the work in its historical and political contexts and analyses the significance of Gandhi's experiences in England and South Africa. The second part of the volume contains some of Gandhi's other writings, including his correspondence with Tolstoy and Nehru.
Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule
by M. K. GandhiThe doctrine of violence is more widely believed in than is generally realised. The votaries of violence can be divided into two classes. Some, a small and dwindling class, believe in it and are prepared to act according to their faith. Others, a very large class always, and now, after bitter experiences of the failure of constitutional agitation, larger than ever, believe in violence, but that belief does not lead them to action. It disables them from work on any basis other than force. The belief in violence serves to dissuade them from all other kinds of work or sacrifice. In both cases the evil is great. There can be no reconstruction or hope for this land of ours, unless we eradicate the worship of force in all its forms, and establish work on a basis other than violence. A refutation of the doctrine of violence is, in the present situation of the affairs of our country, more necessary than ever. To this end, nothing better can be conceived than the publication and wide distribution of Mr. Gandhi’s famous book [Hind Swaraj]. C. Rajagopalachari, Satyagraha sabha, Madras, 6–6–’19
Hindenburg: The Man and the Legend
by Margaret L. Goldsmith1930 biography of Prussian World War I General and Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, who went on to become President of the Weimar Republic, written by journalist husband-and-wife team Margaret Goldsmith and Frederick Voigt.Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934) was a German military officer, statesman, and politician who largely controlled German policy in the second half of World War I and served as the elected President of Germany from 1925 until his death in 1934. He played the key role in the Nazi “Seizure of Power” in January 1933 by appointing Adolf Hitler chancellor of a “Government of National Concentration.”Hindenburg first came to national attention during World War I at the age of 66 as the victor of the decisive Battle of Tannenberg in August 1914. As Germany’s Chief of the General Staff from August 1916, Hindenburg’s reputation rose greatly in German public esteem. He and his deputy Erich Ludendorff then led Germany in a de facto military dictatorship throughout the remainder of the war, marginalizing German Emperor Wilhelm II as well as the German Reichstag.Hindenburg was elected the second President of Germany in 1925 and, considered the only candidate who could defeat Hitler, ran for re-election in 1932. He became a major player in the increasing political instability in the Weimar Republic that ended with Hitler’s rise to power, dissolved the Reichstag twice in 1932, and, finally, under pressure, agreed to appoint Hitler Chancellor of Germany in January 1933. In March he signed the Enabling Act of 1933, which gave Hitler’s regime arbitrary powers. Hindenburg died the following year, after which Hitler declared the office of President vacant and made himself head of state.
Hindenburg Disaster (Cornerstones of Freedom)
by R. Conrad SteinDescribes the development and early flights of airships and the disastrous crash of the Hindenburg at an airfield in New Jersey in 1937.
The Hindenburg Line (Battleground Europe)
by Peter OldhamThe Hindenburg Line, or Siegfriedstellung, achieved almost mythical status in the minds of the British public: the strongest defence system the world had then seen, scientifically designed by fortification experts with only one aim, to keep at bay the British Army. So pleased and delighted were the British that church bells were rung when the Line was pierced at Cambrai in November 1917. The new wonder-weapon, the Tank, had shown itself to be capable of great deeds and British Generals were seen to be capable of showing the Germans what Tommy could do when properly organised. The initial elation was followed by disappointment as the Germans fought back and the Hindenburg defences were retaken when the Germans used "defence-in-depth" and "elastic-defence", both new concepts to the British who were to learn from their mistakes. The British were to witness triumph and joy again, when, towards the end of the Great War, the Hindenburg Line was to be broken by men from the Midlands.This book examines the reasons for the German's decision to fall back to a strong defence line while their Navy starved Britain into submission, and the "burnt earth" policy of devastation in the area evacuated. The design and layout of the Hindenburg Line, and the Battles for its possession in 1917 and 1918, are given: with numerous maps covering different sectors and the struggles for each village and farm, together with the part played by many British Regiments. The maps contain information on how to find all remaining vestiges of both German and British defences in the region, most of which are rarely visited and many of which have not been seen by British eyes for many years.No book since the Great War has examined this area in such detail, nor has any single account contained so much for the battlefield visitor to see. The sites of individual acts of bravery, including the winning of many Victoria Crosses are featured, and existing locations of battle lines, headquarters, artillery observation and machine gun posts are also included, together with an absorbing narrative which also guides the armchair reader.
The Hindenburg Line Campaign 1918 (Australian Army Campaigns #26)
by Adam RankinIn the last devastating months of the First World War, the British Fourth Army pursued the Germans to their final defensive position — the Hindenburg Line, a formidable series of defensive positions studded with concrete dugouts and thickly set barbed wire. The Hindenburg Line 1918 describes the two fiercely fought set-piece battles which saw Fourth Army break through the German line, paving the way for the final pursuit which ended with the Armistice. The Australian Corps was a pivotal part of the offensive to breach the Hindenburg Line, culminating in the assault to capture Montbrehain, the last Australian battle of the war. By the time it reached the Hindenburg Line, the Australian Corps had been in the line for months, its units exhausted and depleted. Despite this, these final offensives saw the battle-hardened Australians demonstrate their skill in the use of infantry, artillery, machine-guns, tanks, aeroplanes and all the other implements of war that had altered so fundamentally since 1914. Australian commanders had likewise benefited from years of war and were highly skilled in planning complex operations that incorporated the latest tactics, techniques and procedures. But the scale of operations on the Western Front required close cooperation with British and Allied troops, and it was as part of this coalition that the Australian Corps would play its vital role in finally securing battlefield victory and bringing the war to an end.
Hindenburg, Ludendorff and Hitler: Germany's Generals and the Rise of the Nazis
by Alexander CliffordThey are two of twentieth-century history’s most significant figures, yet today they are largely forgotten – Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff, Germany’s First World War leaders. Although defeat in 1918 brought an end to their ‘silent dictatorship’, both generals played a key role in the turbulent politics of the Weimar Republic and the rise of the Nazis. Alexander Clifford, in this perceptive reassessment of their political careers, questions the popular image of these generals in the English-speaking world as honourable ‘Good Germans’. For they were intensely political men, whose ideas and actions shaped the new Germany and ultimately led to Hitler’s dictatorship. Their poisonous wartime legacy was the infamous stab-in-the-back myth. According to the generals, the true cause of the disastrous defeat in the First World War was the betrayal of the army by politicians, leftists and Jews on the home front. This toxic conspiracy theory polluted Weimar politics and has been labelled the beginning of ‘the twisted road to Auschwitz’. Hindenburg and Ludendorff’s political fortunes after the war were markedly different. Ludendorff inhabited the far-right fringes and engaged in plots, assassinations and conspiracies, playing a leading role in failed uprisings such as Hitler’s 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. Meanwhile Hindenburg was a vastly more successful politician, winning two presidential elections and serving as head of state for nine years. Arguably he bore even more responsibility for the destruction of democracy, for he and the nationalist right he led sought, through Hitler, to remould the Weimar system towards authoritarianism.
The Hindu-Arabic Numerals (Dover Books on Mathematics)
by David Eugene Smith Louis Charles KarpinskiThe numbers that we call Arabic are so familiar throughout Europe and the Americas that it can be difficult to realize that their general acceptance in commercial transactions is a matter of only the last four centuries and they still remain unknown in parts of the world.In this volume, one of the earliest texts to trace the origin and development of our number system, two distinguished mathematicians collaborated to bring together many fragmentary narrations to produce a concise history of Hindu-Arabic numerals. Clearly and succinctly, they recount the labors of scholars who have studied the subject in different parts of the world; they then assess the historical testimony and draw conclusions from its evidence. Topics include early ideas of the origin of numerals; Hindu forms with and without a place value; the symbol zero; the introduction of numbers into Europe by Boethius; the development of numerals among Arabic cultures; and the definitive introduction of numerals into Europe and their subsequent spread. Helpful supplements to the text include a guide to the pronunciation of Oriental names and an index.
Hindu-Catholic Encounters in Goa
by Alexander HennThe state of Goa on India's southwest coast was once the capital of the Portuguese-Catholic empire in Asia. When Vasco Da Gama arrived in India in 1498, he mistook Hindus for Christians, but Jesuit missionaries soon declared war on the alleged idolatry of the Hindus. Today, Hindus and Catholics assert their own religious identities, but Hindu village gods and Catholic patron saints attract worship from members of both religious communities. Through fresh readings of early Portuguese sources and long-term ethnographic fieldwork, this study traces the history of Hindu-Catholic syncretism in Goa and reveals the complex role of religion at the intersection of colonialism and modernity.
A Hindu Critique of Buddhist Epistemology: Kumarila on Perception: The 'Determination of Perception' Chapter of Kumarila Bhatta's <I>Slokavarttika </I>- Translation and Commentary (Routledge Hindu Studies Series)
by John TaberThis is a translation of the chapter on perception of Kumarilabhatta's magnum opus, the Slokavarttika, one of the central texts of the Hindu response to the criticism of the logical-epistemological school of Buddhist thought. In an extensive commentary, the author explains the course of the argument from verse to verse and alludes to other theories of classical Indian philosophy and other technical matters. Notes to the translation and commentary go further into the historical and philosophical background of Kumarila's ideas. The book provides an introduction to the history and the development of Indian epistemology, a synopsis of Kumarila's work and an analysis of its argument.
The Hindu Diaspora: Comparative Patterns (Global Diasporas)
by Steven VertovecHinduism outside the Indian subcontinent represents a contrasting and scattered community. From Britain to the Caribbean, diasporic Hindus have substantially reformed their beliefs and practices in accordance with their historical and social circumstances. In this theoretically innovative analysis Steven Vertovec examines:* the historical construction of the category 'Hinduism in India'* the formation of a distinctive Caribbean Hindu culture during the nineteenth century* the role of youth groups in forging new identities during Trinidad's Hindu Renaissance* the reproduction of regionally based identities and frictions in Britain's Hindu communities* the differences in temple use across the diaspora.This book provides a rich and fascinating view of the Hindu diaspora in the past, present and its possible futures.
Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition
by David R. KinsleyGoddess worship has long been a significant aspect of Hinduism. In this book David Kinsley, author of The Sword and the Flute--Kali & Krishna: Dark Visions of the Terrible and the Sublime in Hindu Mythology, sorts out the rich yet often chaotic history of Hindu goddess worship.
Hindu Histories: The Beginnings
by Nipun ShuklaThe basis of the work is in the assumption that Hindu myths are poetic (hyperbolic) forms of ancient social and political realities. The work builds on this assumption and moves on two intertwined paths.
Hindu Mahasabha in Colonial North India, 1915-1930: Constructing Nation and History (Routledge Studies in South Asian History)
by Prabhu BapuHindu nationalism has emerged as a political ideology represented by the Hindu Mahasabha. This book explores the campaign for Hindu unity and organisation in the context of the Hindu-Muslim conflict in colonial north India in the early twentieth century. It argues that India's partition in 1947 was a result of the campaign and politics of the Hindu rightwing rather than the Islamist politics of the Muslim League alone. The book explains that the Mahasabha articulated Hindu nationalist ideology as a means of constructing a distinct Hindu political identity and unity among the Hindus in conflict with the Muslims in the country. It looks at the Mahasabha’s ambivalence with the Indian National Congress due to an extreme ideological opposition, and goes on to argue that the Mahasabha had its ideological focus on an anti-Muslim antagonism rather than the anti-British struggle for India’s independence, adding to the difficulties in the negotiations on Hindu-Muslim representation in the country. The book suggests that the Mahasabha had a limited class and regional base and was unable to generate much in the way of a mass movement of its own, but developed a quasi-military wing, besides its involvement in a number of popular campaigns. Bridging the gap in Indian historiography by focusing on the development and evolution of Hindu nationalism in its formative period, this book is a useful study for students and scholars of Asian Studies and Political History.
Hindu Matham
by Uma SampathThe book traces the history of Hindu Religion, the ancient religion of the majority of the population of India and touches various treasures of Hinduism such as Puranas, Upanishads, Epics, Vedas, Four Varnas and Hindu culture, customs and traditions.
Hindu Mission, Christian Mission: Soundings in Comparative Theology (SUNY series in Religious Studies)
by Reid B. LocklinFor some four hundred years, Hindus and Christians have been engaged in a public controversy about conversion and missionary proselytization, especially in India and the Hindu diaspora. Hindu Mission, Christian Mission reframes this controversy by shifting attention from "conversion" to a wider, interreligious study of "mission" as a category of thought and practice. Comparative theologian Reid B. Locklin traces the emergence of the nondualist Hindu teaching of Advaita Vedānta as a missionary tradition, from the eighth century to the present day, and draws this tradition into dialogue with contemporary proposals in Christian missiology. As a descriptive study of the Chinmaya Mission, the Ramakrishna Mission, and other leading Advaita mission movements, Hindu Mission, Christian Mission contributes to a growing body of scholarship on transnational Hinduism. As a speculative work of Christian comparative theology, it develops key themes from this engagement for a new, interreligious theology of mission and conversion for the twenty-first century and beyond.
Hindu Nationalism and Terrorism in India: The Saffron Threat to Democracy (Routledge Critical Terrorism Studies)
by Eamon MurphyThis book discusses terrorism and the rise of Hindu nationalism in contemporary India and examines how this movement has become a threat to democracy in the country. The work analyses the rise of Hindu nationalism, culminating in the success of Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the political arm of the movement, in the 2019 Indian national elections. It offers an accessible account of the complexities and subtleties of Hindu nationalism and the dangers it poses to India’s pluralistic democracy and secularism. A major theme of the book is the role that terrorism has played in the rise of Hindu nationalism, a factor often underplayed or ignored in other studies, and it also challenges the widespread belief that terrorism is largely an Islamic phenomenon. Employing a cross-disciplinary approach, the book is highly relevant to both academics and policymakers, given India’s importance as a major global economic and military power. This book will be of interest to students of terrorism and political violence, South Asian history, Indian politics and international relations, as well as policymakers.