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Content-Based Instruction: What Every ESL Teacher Needs to Know
by Marguerite Ann Snow Donna M. Brinton“CBI is a highly flexible approach that provides a powerful means of structuring the syllabus for both general purpose and EAP courses." ?---Marguerite Ann Snow and Donna M. Brinton In this e-single, Snow and Brinton, editors of the Second Edition of The Content-Based Classroom: New Perspectives on Integrating Language and Content (2017), explain how “content-based instruction (CBI) is a vibrant approach to curriculum design that is able to ‘flex’ to fit a wide variety of student populations, settings, and program goals.” The ebook introduces readers to the concept of CBI through a brief history and countless examples of many ways this approach can be applied across settings and programs. Whether readers want to deepen their understanding of CBI or get ideas for their own teaching situation, this book provides: * an overview of CBI, including the three prototype models (theme-based, sheltered, adjunct) * a discussion of new models: sustained content language teaching, content and language-integrated learning, English-medium instruction, adjunct models, and other hybrid models * a rationale for CBI, including support from SLA and other research * an examination of issues that arise in implementation * a research agenda for CBI * further readings. Each section includes reflection questions designed to guide readers to consider how best to implement CBI in their course and program.
Content-Based Language Teaching
by Roy LysterThis module explores the content-driven approach to language teaching, or the teaching of nonlinguistic content such as geography, history, or science using the target language. It lays out effective techniques that help facilitate students’ comprehension of curricular content and also discusses how teacher collaboration and students’ L1s affect this approach to language teaching. With an instructional sequence comprising noticing, awareness, and practice activities as well as examples of content-and-language integrated units, the Content-Based Language Teaching module is the ideal main textbook for instructors seeking a clear and practical treatment of the topic for their courses, which can also be taught in conjunction with other modules in the series.
Content Matters: A Disciplinary Literacy Approach to Improving Student Learning
by Stephanie M. Mcconachie Anthony R. Petrosky Lauren B. ResnickAn authoritative guide for improving teaching, learning, and literacy in content area classrooms This book introduces teachers to the Disciplinary Literacy instructional framework developed by the Institute for Learning, University of Pittsburgh. Grounded in the Principles of Learning developed by acclaimed educator Lauren Resnick, the framework is designed to prepare students, grades 6 and up, to master the rigorous academic content learning required for college success. Unlike 'generic' teaching models, the framework is specifically tailored for each of the content disciplines. Highly practical, the book shows teachers how to integrate literacy development and thinking practices into their routine content instruction, with separate chapters devoted to math, science, history, and English/language arts. The book also shows how school instructional leaders can support teachers in learning and using this instructional approach. Offers an innovative approach for improving literacy, thinking, and content learning in secondary students Includes detailed instructional guidance plus numerous classroom examples of lessons, dialogs, and teaching routines Features chapters on each of the content areas-math, science, language arts, and social sciences Provides leadership guidance in implementing the method Foreword written by internationally acclaimed educator and cognitive scientist Lauren Resnick
The Content of the Form: Narrative Discourse and Historical Representation
by Hayden WhiteHayden White probes the notion of authority in art and literature and examines the problems of meaning—its production, distribution, and consumption—in different historical epochs. In the end, he suggests, the only meaning that history can have is the kind that a narrative imagination gives to it. The secret of the process by which consciousness invests history with meaning resides in "the content of the form," in the way our narrative capacities transform the present into a fulfillment of a past from which we would wish to have descended.
Content Production for Digital Media: An Introduction
by John Weldon Jay Daniel ThompsonThis book provides an introduction to digital media content production in the twenty-first century. It explores the kinds of content production that are undertaken in professions that include journalism, public relations and marketing. The book provides an insight into content moderation and addresses the legal and ethical issues that content producers face, as well as how these issues can be effectively managed. Chapters also contain interviews with media professionals, and quizzes that allow readers to consolidate the knowledge they have gathered through their reading of that chapter.
Content Strategy: A How-to Guide (ATTW Series in Technical and Professional Communication)
by Guiseppe Getto Jack T. Labriola Sheryl RuszkiewiczThis comprehensive text provides a how-to guide for content strategy, enabling students and professionals to understand and master the skills needed to develop and manage technical content in a range of professional contexts. The landscape of technical communication has been revolutionized by emerging technologies such as content management systems, open-source information architecture, and application programming interfaces that change the ways professionals create, edit, manage, and deliver content. This textbook helps students and professionals develop relevant skills for this changing marketplace. It takes readers through essential skills including audience analysis; content auditing; assembling content strategy plans; collaborating with other content developers; identifying appropriate channels of communication; and designing, delivering, and maintaining genres appropriate to those channels. It contains knowledge and best practices gleaned from decades of research and practice in content strategy and provides its audience with a thorough introductory text in this essential area. Content Strategy works as a core or supplemental textbook for undergraduate and graduate classes, as well as certification courses, in content strategy, content management, and technical communication. It also provides an accessible introduction for professionals looking to develop their skills and knowledge.
Content Strategy in Technical Communication: A How-to Guide (ATTW Series in Technical and Professional Communication)
by Guiseppe Getto Jack T. Labriola Sheryl RuszkiewiczContent Strategy in Technical Communication provides a balanced, comprehensive overview of the current state of content strategy within the field of technical communication while showcasing groundbreaking work in the field. Emerging technologies such as content management systems, social media platforms, open source information architectures, and application programming interfaces provide new opportunities for the creation, publication, and delivery of content. Technical communicators are now sometimes responsible for such diverse roles as content management, content auditing, and search engine optimization. At the same time, we are seeing remarkable growth in jobs devoted to these other content-centric skills. This book provides a roadmap including best practices, pedagogies for teaching, and implications for research in these areas. It covers elements of content strategy as diverse as "Editing Content for Global Reuse" and "Teaching Content Strategy to Graduate Students with Real Clients," while giving equal weight to professional best practices and to pedagogy for content strategy. This book is an essential resource for professionals, students, and scholars throughout the field of technical communication.
Contentment in Contention: Acceptance versus Aspiration
by Beverley SouthgateSouthgate draws on ideas within history, philosophy, literature, psychology, and theology to explore two traditions: contentment with our situation as it is, and the aspiration to transcend it. He discusses the possibility of escape from intellectual constraints, and advocates a positive 'duty of discontent', and its implications.
Contest for Citizenship and Collective Violence During China’s Cultural Revolution (IPP Studies in the Frontiers of China’s Public Policy)
by Yang LijunThis book has been groundbreaking for scholars of the Cultural Revolution, but hitherto was only available in Japanese and Chinese. This edition allows English-language readers to access the work for the first time. The author explains how political struggles within the state, competing sectarian interests, and other complex factors intertwined to produce various forms of collective violence that had a major impact on the political, economic, and social order of the time.
Contest of Faculties: Philosophy and Theory after Deconstruction (Routledge Revivals)
by Christopher NorrisThis Routledge Revival, first published in 1985, gives detailed attention to the bearing of literary theory on questions of truth, meaning and reference. On the one hand, deconstruction brings a vigilant awareness of the figural and narrative tropes that make up the discourse of philosophic reason. On the other it insists that argumentative rigour cannot be divorced from the kind of close reading that has come to characterize literary theory in its more advanced or speculative forms. This present-day ‘contest of faculties’ has large implications for philosophers and critics, many of whom will welcome the reissue of such a clear-headed statement of the impact of deconstruction.
The Contestation of Patriarchy in Luis Martín-Santos' Work
by Miquel BotaThis book proposes that Spanish author Luis Martín-Santos’ work focuses on the effects of patriarchy and hegemonic masculinity on men, to actively contribute to freeing both men and women from the yoke of patriarchy. It aims for a new resonance of Luis Martín-Santos. It analyzes the influence of Heidegger, Freud and Sartre in Martín-Santos’ psychiatric essays and his fictional works: the novel Tiempo de silencio (Time of Silence), the collection of short stories Apólogos, and the posthumous fragment Tiempo de destrucción (Time of Destruction). It demonstrates that alongside the political critique of Franco’s dictatorship, Martín-Santos’ creative writings are an attempt to destroy the prevalent masculine myths of Western patriarchy, and a proposal to create new myths for the future.
A Contested Caribbean Indigeneity: Language, Social Practice, and Identity within Puerto Rican Taíno Activism (Critical Caribbean Studies)
by Sherina Feliciano-SantosA Contested Caribbean Indigeneity is an in-depth analysis of the debates surrounding Taíno/Boricua activism in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean diaspora in New York City. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic research, media analysis, and historical documents, the book explores the varied experiences and motivations of Taíno/Boricua activists as well as the alternative fonts of authority they draw on to claim what is commonly thought to be an extinct ethnic category. It explores the historical and interactional challenges involved in claiming membership in, what for many Puerto Ricans, is an impossible affiliation. In focusing on Taíno/Boricua activism, the books aims to identify a critical space from which to analyze and decolonize ethnoracial ideologies of Puerto Ricanness, issues of class and education, Puerto Rican nationalisms and colonialisms, as well as important questions regarding narrative, historical memory, and belonging.
Contested Criminalities in Zimbabwean Fiction (Routledge Contemporary Africa)
by Tendai MangenaThis book addresses the ways in which writers deploy the trope of contested criminality to expose Zimbabwe's socially and politically oppressive cultures in a wide range of novels and short stories published in English between 1994 and 2016. Some of the most influential authors that are examined in this book are Yvonne Vera, Petina Gappah, NoViolet Bulawayo, Brian Chikwava, Christopher Mlalazi, Tendai Huchu and Virginia Phiri. The author uses the Zimbabwean experience to engage with critical issues facing the African continent and the world, providing a thoughtful reading of contemporary debates on illegal migration, homophobia, state criminality and gender inequalities. The thematic focus of the book represents a departure from what Schulze-Engler notes elsewhere as postcolonial discourse’s habit of suggesting that the legacies of colonialism and the predominance of the ‘global North’ are responsible for injustice in the Global South. Using the context of Zimbabwe, it is shown that colonialism is not the only image of violence and injustice, but that there are other forms of injustice that are of local origin. Throughout the book, it is argued that in speaking about contested criminalities, writers call attention to the fact that laws are violated, some laws are unjust and some crimes are henceforth justified. In this sense crime, (in)justice and the law are portrayed as unstable concepts.
Contested Culture
by Jane M. GainesJane M. Gaines examines the phenomenon of images as property, focusing on the legal staus of mechanically produced visual and audio images from popular culture. Bridging the fields of critical legal studies and cultural studies, she analyzes copyright, trademark, and intellectual property law, asking how the law constructs works of authorship and who owns the country's cultural heritage.
Contested Language In Malory’s Morte Darthur
by Ruth LextonMalory's Morte Darthur, which transformed the sprawling thirteenth-century French Vulgate Cycle romances for fifteenth-century English readers, is often seen as the culmination of the medieval Arthurian tradition and a consolidation of Arthur's reputation as a perfect chivalric ruler. Examining Malory's political language, this study challenges the accepted view of Arthur's kingship and the role of the Round Table fellowship. Considering a range of historical and political sources, Ruth Lexton suggests that Malory used a specific lexicon to engage with contemporary problems of kingship and demonstrates that the Morte interrogates the collapse of the English monarchy during the Wars of the Roses. .
Contested Masculinities: Crises in Colonial Male Identity from Joseph Conrad to Satyajit Ray (Literary Criticism and Cultural Theory)
by Nalin JayasenaExploring how English masculinity - that was so contingent on the relative health of the British imperial project - negotiated the decline and ultimate dissolution of the empire by the middle of the twentieth century, this book argues that by defining itself in relation to indigenous masculinity, English masculinity began to share a common idiom with its colonial other. The rhetoric of indigenous masculinity, therefore, both mimicked and departed from its metropolitan counterpart. The study combines an interdisciplinary approach with a focus that is not limited to a single colonial society but ranges from colonial Bengal, Burma, Borneo and finally to colonial Australia.
Contested Pasts: A Determinist History of Alexander the Great in the Roman Empire
by Jennifer FinnTaking as a key turning point the self-fashioning of the first Roman emperor Augustus, author Jennifer Finn revisits the idea of “universal history” in Polybius, Justin, and Diodorus, combined with the Stoic philosophy of determinism present in authors like Plutarch and Arrian. Finn endeavors to determine the ways in which Roman authors manipulated narratives about Alexander’s campaigns—and even other significant events in Mediterranean history—to artificially construct a past to which the Romans could attach themselves as a natural teleological culmination. In doing so, Contested Pasts uses five case studies to reexamine aspects of Alexander’s campaigns that have received much attention in modern scholarship, providing new interpretations of issues such as: his connections to the Trojan and Persian wars; the Great Weddings at Susa; the battle(s) of Thermopylae in 480 BCE and 191 BCE and Alexander's conflict at the Persian Gates; the context of his “Last Plans”;” the role of his memory in imagining the Roman Civil Wars; and his fictitious visit to the city of Jerusalem. While Finn demonstrates throughout the book that the influence for many of these narratives likely originated in the reign of Alexander or his Successors, nevertheless these retroactive authorial manipulations force us to confront the fact that we may have an even more opaque understanding of Alexander than has previously been acknowledged. Through the application of a mnemohistorical approach, the book seeks to provide a new understanding of the ways in which the Romans—and people in the purview of the Romans—conceptualized their own world with reference to Alexander the Great.
Contested Spaces, Counter-narratives, and Culture from Below in Canada and Québec
by Roxanne Rimstead Domenic A. BeneventiThis collection explores strategies of reading space and conflict in Canadian and Québécois literary and cultural performances. How do literary texts and popular cultural performances produce and contest spatial practices? What is the role of the nation, the city, the community, and the individual subject in reproducing space, even during times of global hegemony and neocolonialism? In what ways do marginalized individuals and communities represent, contest, or appropriate spaces through counter-narratives and expressions of culture from below? And how does space itself shape conflict, counter-memory, and culture from below? Focusing on contestation instead of harmony and consensus, Contested Spaces disturbs the idealized space of Canadian multicultural pluralism to carry literary analysis and cultural studies into spaces often undetected and unforeseen; Contested Spaces exposes geographies of exclusion and difference such as flophouses and "slums," shantytowns and urban alleyways, underground spaces and peep shows, inner city urban parks as experienced by minority ethnics, the poor, women, social activists, Indigenous people, and Francophones in Canada. These essays are the product of sustained and high-level collaboration across French and English academic communities in Canada to facilitate theoretical exchange on the topic of space and contestation, to expose geographies of exclusion, and to generate new spaces of hope in the spirit of pioneering work by Henri Lefebvre, Michel Foucault, Michel de Certeau, Doreen Massey, David Harvey, and other more recent theorists of space.
Contested Urban Spaces: Monuments, Traces, and Decentered Memories (Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies)
by Sarah Dornhof Ulrike CapdepónThis book takes the urban space as a starting point for thinking about practices, actors, narratives, and imaginations within articulations of memory. The social protests and mobilizations against colonial statues are examples of how past injustice and violence keep on shaping debates in the present. Following an interdisciplinary approach, the contributions to this book focus on the in/visibility and affective power of monuments and traces through political, activist, and artistic contestations in different geographical settings. They show that memories are shaped in contact zones, most often in conflict and within hierarchical social relations. The notion of decentered memory shifts the perspective to relationships between imperial centers and margins, remembrance and erasure, nationalistic tendencies and migration. This plurality of connections emerges around unfinished histories of violence and resistance that are reflected in monuments and traces.
Contested Will: Who Wrote Shakespeare?
by James ShapiroFor more than two hundred years after William Shakespeare's death, no one doubted that he had written his plays. Since then, however, dozens of candidates have been proposed for the authorship of what is generally agreed to be the finest body of work by a writer in the English language. In this remarkable book, Shakespeare scholar James Shapiro explains when and why so many people began to question whether Shakespeare wrote his plays. Among the doubters have been such writers and thinkers as Sigmund Freud, Henry James, Mark Twain, and Helen Keller. It is a fascinating story, replete with forgeries, deception, false claimants, ciphers and codes, conspiracy theories--and a stunning failure to grasp the power of the imagination. As Contested Will makes clear, much more than proper attribution of Shakespeare's plays is at stake in this authorship controversy. Underlying the arguments over whether Christopher Marlowe, Francis Bacon, or the Earl of Oxford wrote Shakespeare's plays are fundamental questions about literary genius, specifically about the relationship of life and art. Are the plays (and poems) of Shakespeare a sort of hidden autobiography? Do Hamlet, Macbeth, and the other great plays somehow reveal who wrote them? Shapiro is the first Shakespeare scholar to examine the authorship controversy and its history in this way, explaining what it means, why it matters, and how it has persisted despite abundant evidence that William Shakespeare of Stratford wrote the plays attributed to him. This is a brilliant historical investigation that will delight anyone interested in Shakespeare and the literary imagination.
Contesting Epistemologies in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies (Routledge Advances in Translation and Interpreting Studies)
by Sandra L. Halverson Álvaro Marín GarcíaThis dynamic collection synthesizes and critically reflects on epistemological challenges and developments within Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies, problematizing a range of issues. These critical essays provide a means of encouraging further development by grounding new theories, stances, and best practices. The volume is a clear marker of a maturing discipline, as decades of empirical study and methodological innovation provide the backdrop for critique and debate. The volume exemplifies tendencies toward convergence and difference, while at the same time pushing against disciplinary boundaries and structures. Constructs such as expertise and process are explored, and different theories of cognition are brought to the table. A number of chapters consider what it might mean for translation to be a form of situated, or 4EA cognition, while others query interdisciplinary relationships of foundational importance to the field. Issues of methodology are also addressed in terms of their underlying philosophical assumptions and implications. This book will be of interest to scholars working at the intersection of translation and cognition, in such fields as translation studies, cognitive science, psycholinguistics, semiotics, and philosophy of science.
Contesting Genres in Contemporary Asian American Fiction
by Betsy HuangThis book examines the influence of genre on contemporary Asian American literary production. Drawing on cultural theories of representation, social theories of identity, and poststructuralist genre theory, this study shows how popular prose fictions have severely constrained the development of Asian American literary aesthetics.
Contesting Grand Narratives of the Intercultural (Routledge Focus on Applied Linguistics)
by Adrian HollidayContesting Grand Narratives of the Intercultural uses an autoethnographic account of the author’s experience of living in Iran in the 1970s to demonstrate the constant struggle to prevent the intercultural from being dominated by essentialist grand narratives that falsely define us within separate, bounded national or civilisational cultures. This book provides critical insight that: DeCentres how we encounter and research the intercultural by means of a third-space methodology Recovers the figurative, creative, flowing, and boundary-dissolving power of culture Recognises hybrid integration which enables us the choice and agency to be ourselves with others in intercultural settings Demonstrates how early native-speakerism pulls us back to essentialist large-culture blocks. Aimed at students and researchers in applied linguistics, intercultural studies, sociology, and education, this volume shows how cultural difference in stories, personal space, language, practices, and values generates unexpected and transcendent threads of experience to which we can all relate within small culture formation on the go.
Contesting the Monument: The Anti-illusionist Italian Historical Novel
by Ruth Glynn"In the second half of the twentieth century, the Italian historical novel provided an unrivalled number of best sellers and publishing 'phenomena'. The success of the genre is closely related to a more general interest in revisiting the past in the light of a changed understanding of the nature, or philosophy, of history. This study aims to explore the particularly marked increase in the production and popularity of the historical novel in the period between the mid-1960s and the early 1990s, with reference to current debates on the nature of history. It presents a theoretical framework which establishes the centrality of philosophy of history to the development of the genre. The employment of this framework opens out the discussion of literary change to the consideration of historiographical developments and wider critical debate. The theoretical insights gained inform the close textual analysis provided in the chapters dealing with novels written by five of Italy's foremost contemporary writers: Leonardo Sciascia, Vincenzo Consolo, Sebastiano Vassalli, Umberto Eco, and Luigi Malerba."
Context Clues: Reading Comprehension Activities (Reading Level 3.5 - 5.0)
by EdupressReinforce critical reading skills with a diverse range of classroom activities! Detailed teacher instruction pages. Leveled reading passages and reproducible activities. Individual, small-group and whole-class activities.