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Journalism Today (6th edition)
by Donald L. Ferguson Jim Patten Bradley WilsonDiscusses the history and responsibilities of the Media, the gathering, writing, and presentation of news, and the future of journalism as technology changes.
Journalism Under Fire: Protecting the Future of Investigative Reporting (Columbia Journalism Review Books)
by Stephen GillersA healthy democracy requires vigorous, uncompromising investigative journalism. But today the free press faces a daunting set of challenges: in the face of harsh criticism from powerful politicians and the threat of lawsuits from wealthy individuals, media institutions are confronted by an uncertain financial future and stymied by a judicial philosophy that takes a narrow view of the protections that the Constitution affords reporters. In Journalism Under Fire, Stephen Gillers proposes a bold set of legal and policy changes that can overcome these obstacles to protect and support the work of journalists.Gillers argues that law and public policy must strengthen the freedom of the press, including protection for news gathering and confidential sources. He analyzes the First Amendment’s Press Clause, drawing on older Supreme Court cases and recent dissenting opinions to argue for greater press freedom than the Supreme Court is today willing to recognize. Beyond the First Amendment, Journalism Under Fire advocates policies that facilitate and support the free press as a public good. Gillers proposes legislation to create a publicly funded National Endowment for Investigative Reporting, modeled on the national endowments for the arts and for the humanities; improvements to the Freedom of Information Act; and a national anti-SLAPP law, a statute to protect media organizations from frivolous lawsuits, to help journalists and the press defend themselves in court. Gillers weaves together questions of journalistic practice, law, and policy into a program that can ensure a future for investigative reporting and its role in our democracy.
Journalism Workbook: A Manual of Tasks, Projects and Resources (Focal Press Journalism Ser.)
by Brendan Hennessy F W HodgsonUsing practical assignments, the authors take each area of journalism, and demonstrate the world which awaits journalists in the early years of their careers. Each of the assignments spins off a number of tasks which are presented to the reader in the form of briefings, and can be used as a basis for further study. Notes and references are provided with each of the tasks to guide the student and help them understand fully each area of practice. There are also exercises on page planning and design. Workshop projects and study programmes outline ways in which students and trainees in groups or singly can analyse newspaper content, build up readership profiles and consider different methods of practice, social and political attitudes to the media, press regulations and press economics. This book will also be an invaluable purchase for students using distance learning packs.
Journalism’s Lost Generation: The Un-doing of U.S. Newspaper Newsrooms
by Scott ReinardyJournalism’s Lost Generation discusses how the changes in the industry not only indicate a newspaper crisis, but also a crisis of local communities, a loss of professional skills, and a void in institutional and community knowledge emanating from newsrooms. Reinardy’s thorough and opinionated take on the transition seen in newspaper newsrooms is coupled with an examination of the journalism industry today. This text also provides a broad view of the newspaper journalism being produced today, and those who are attempting to produce it.
Journalism’s Racial Reckoning: The News Media’s Pivot to Diversity and Inclusion (Routledge Focus on Journalism Studies)
by Brad ClarkThis book addresses endemic issues of racism in news media at what is a critical moment in time, as journalists around the world speak out en masse against the prejudice and inequality in the industry. As the events of 2020 – the death of George Floyd, the rise in prominence of the Black Lives Matter movement – have drawn new and focused attention to inequality, white supremacy, and systemic racism, including in the media, this volume chronicles this racial reckoning, revisiting and examining the issues that it has raised. The author analyses media output by racialized and Indigenous journalists, identifying the racial make-up of newsrooms; the dominance of white perspectives in news coverage; interpretations of ethics downplaying systemic racism and bias; ignorance of racist history in editorial decisions and news content; and diversity and inclusion measures. The actions taken by news organizations in response to the reckoning are also detailed and placed in the context of existing race and media scholarship, to offer emerging strategies to address journalism’s longstanding issues with racism in news content and newsrooms. Grounding the interplay between news media and race within this pivotal moment in history, this text will be an important resource for students and scholars of journalism, journalism ethics, sociology, cultural studies, organizational studies, media and communication studies.
Journalism's Roving Eye: A History of American Foreign Reporting (From Our Own Correspondent)
by John Maxwell HamiltonIn all of journalism, nowhere are the stakes higher than in foreign news-gathering. For media owners, it is the most difficult type of reporting to finance; for editors, the hardest to oversee. Correspondents, roaming large swaths of the planet, must acquire expertise that home-based reporters take for granted -- facility with the local language, for instance, or an understanding of local cultures. Adding further to the challenges, they must put news of the world in context for an audience with little experience and often limited interest in foreign affairs -- a task made all the more daunting because of the consequence to national security. In Journalism's Roving Eye, John Maxwell Hamilton -- a historian and former foreign correspondent -- provides a sweeping and definitive history of American foreign news reporting from its inception to the present day and chronicles the economic and technological advances that have influenced overseas coverage, as well as the cavalcade of colorful personalities who shaped readers' perceptions of the world across two centuries.From the colonial era -- when newspaper printers hustled down to wharfs to collect mail and periodicals from incoming ships -- to the ongoing multimedia press coverage of the Iraq War, Hamilton explores journalism's constant -- and not always successful -- efforts at "dishing the foreign news," as James Gordon Bennett put it in the mid-nineteenth century to describe his approach in the New York Herald. He details the highly partisan coverage of the French Revolution, the early emergence of "special correspondents" and the challenges of organizing their efforts, the profound impact of the non-yellow press in the run-up to the Spanish-American War, the increasingly sophisticated machinery of propaganda and censorship that surfaced during World War I, and the "golden age" of foreign correspondence during the interwar period, when outlets for foreign news swelled and a large number of experienced, independent journalists circled the globe. From the Nazis' intimidation of reporters to the ways in which American popular opinion shaped coverage of Communist revolution and the Vietnam War, Hamilton covers every aspect of delivering foreign news to American doorsteps.Along the way, Hamilton singles out a fascinating cast of characters, among them Victor Lawson, the overlooked proprietor of the Chicago Daily News, who pioneered the concept of a foreign news service geared to American interests; Henry Morton Stanley, one of the first reporters to generate news on his own with his 1871 expedition to East Africa to "find Livingstone"; and Jack Belden, a forgotten brooding figure who exemplified the best in combat reporting. Hamilton details the experiences of correspondents, editors, owners, publishers, and network executives, as well as the political leaders who made the news and the technicians who invented ways to transmit it. Their stories bring the narrative to life in arresting detail and make this an indispensable book for anyone wanting to understand the evolution of foreign news-gathering. Amid the steep drop in the number of correspondents stationed abroad and the recent decline of the newspaper industry, many fear that foreign reporting will soon no longer exist. But as Hamilton shows in this magisterial work, traditional correspondence survives alongside a new type of reporting. Journalism's Roving Eye offers a keen understanding of the vicissitudes in foreign news, an understanding imperative to better seeing what lies ahead.
Journalismus auf zwei Säulen: Drei Jahrzehnte Lokalfunk in Nordrhein-Westfalen
by Matthias Kurp Bettina Lendzian Udo MilbretDreißig Jahre nach dem Start des Lokalfunks in Nordrhein-Westfalen bietet das Buch Rückblick und Ausblick zugleich. In dem Sammelband finden sich Beiträge von ehemaligen und aktuellen Verantwortlichen, also von Autorinnen und Autoren aus Medienpolitik, ‐wirtschaft und ‐aufsicht, aber auch aus den Bereichen Programm und Wissenschaft. Dabei geht es um eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme und um Szenarien, wie der Lokalfunk in Nordrhein‐Westfalen in der aktuellen publizistischen Breite und Vielfalt weiterentwickelt werden kann.Hinzu kommen eine Chronik sowie Übersichten mit Daten zu Veranstaltergemeinschaften, Betriebsgesellschaften und Chefredakteurinnen oder Chefredakteuren aller Lokalfunkstationen in Nordrhein-Westfalen.
Journalismus für Dummies (Für Dummies)
by Henriette Löwisch Benedikt HerberVom Recherchieren bis zum Publizieren Wie kommt eine Nachricht zustande? Wie sieht ein Tag in der Redaktion aus, und was macht einen guten Journalisten aus? Henriette Löwisch und Benedikt Herber lüften die Berufsgeheimnisse der Journalisten und erklären Ihnen das Nachrichtengeschäft von der Recherche bis zur Publikation. Sie erfahren, welchen Regeln sich Journalisten unterwerfen und welche sie immer wieder gern verletzen. Sie lernen die Tricks des Gewerbes kennen und erhalten Tipps für den Berufseinstieg. Außerdem erfahren Sie, wie die Zukunft des Journalismus aussieht und ob Chatbots die besseren Redakteure sein werden. Sie erfahren Warum eine schlechte Nachricht für Journalisten die bessere ist Wie die besten Stories entstehen Welche Eigenschaften bei Journalisten gefragt sind Wie Ihnen der Einstieg in den Journalismus gelingt
Journalismus in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (Studies in International, Transnational and Global Communications)
by Thomas Hanitzsch Josef Seethaler Vinzenz WyssDer Band liefert eine Zustandsbeschreibung des Journalismus in einer Zeit, in der Medieninstitutionen ökonomisch unter Druck stehen und journalistische Autoritäten zunehmend hinterfragt werden. Das Buch berichtet Ergebnisse einer Befragung von über 2500 Journalist*innen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Im Zentrum stehen die soziodemografischen Profile der Journalist*innen, die Anstellungsverhältnisse und Tätigkeitsbereiche, ihre beruflichen Rollenverständnisse und ethischen Orientierungen, ihr Vertrauen in gesellschaftliche Institutionen sowie die Wahrnehmung von redaktioneller Autonomie und Einflüssen auf ihre Arbeit.
Journalismus und Instagram: Analysen, Strategien, Perspektiven aus Wissenschaft und Praxis
by Jonas Schützeneder Michael GraßlInstagram ist auf dem Weg, der wichtigste Social-Media-Kanal der Welt zu werden. Dieser Sammelband geht die Forschungslücke im Zusammenspiel von Journalismus und Instagram systematisch und facettenreich an. Autor*innen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis liefern dafür vielfältige Analysen, Strategien und Perspektiven. Wissenschaftliche Verortungen werden ergänzt durch mehrere Fallstudien rund um die journalistische Instagram-Nutzung. Gleichzeitig ermöglichen Praktiker*innen Einblicke auf tägliche Herausforderungen und die Folgen, nicht nur für die Journalist*innen-Ausbildung im Bereich Social Media.
Journalismus und (sein) Publikum
by Wiebke Loosen Marco DohleDas Bild von der verschwimmenden Grenze zwischen Kommunikator und Rezipient ist das Leitmotiv zur Charakterisierung der gewandelten Kommunikationsverhältnisse im Onlinezeitalter. Die akademische Trennung zwischen Journalismusforschung und Rezeptions- und Wirkungsforschung erschwert es, die damit verbundenen Entwicklungen und Phänomene adäquat zu beschreiben und zu analysieren. Dieser Band versammelt daher Beiträge, die sich mit den Schnittstellen zwischen Journalismusforschung und Rezeptions- und Wirkungsforschung auseinandersetzten und Theorien, Ansätze und Methoden aus beiden Feldern miteinander abgleichen. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Frage, wie eine derart integrierende Perspektive dazu beitragen kann, die gewandelten gesellschaftlichen Kommunikationsverhältnisse theoretisch und empirisch in den Griff zu bekommen.
Journalismus und Unternehmenskommunikation: Zwischen Konvergenz und Konkurrenz
by Sebastian Pranz Henriette Heidbrink Florian Stadel Riccardo WagnerObwohl sich Journalismus und Unternehmenskommunikation in Funktion und Selbstverständnis immer noch deutlich voneinander unterscheiden, hat die digitale Transformation für eine zunehmende Konvergenz beider Berufsfelder gesorgt. Die Frage, wie und unter welchen Voraussetzungen Öffentlichkeit erzeugt wird, stellt sich angesichts eines tiefgreifenden Medienwandels mit zunehmender Dringlichkeit. Dieses Buch beschreibt das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen beiden Feldern mit Blick auf technologische, ökonomische und praktische Aspekte. Expert*innen aus Journalismus, Unternehmen und Forschung erläutern – wissenschaftlich fundiert und anhand von zahlreichen Praxisbeispielen –, wie sich das neue Miteinander gestaltet: von den jeweils berufsspezifischen Umbrüchen über Wissensvermittlung, -transfer und Netzwerkarbeit bis hin zu neuen Businessmodellen und -strategien für beide Berufsfelder.Ein Buch für Journalist*innen, journalistische Unternehmer*innen, Kommunikationsverantwortliche in Unternehmen, Studierende und praxisorientierte Wissenschaftler*innen.Mit Beiträgen von:• Dr. Matthias Albisser, Hochschule Luzern• Prof. Dr. Christopher Buschow, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar• Prof. Dr. Matthias Degen, Westfälische Hochschule• Prof. Dr. Alexander Godulla, Universität Leipzig• M.A. Benjamin Held, Westfälische Hochschule• Dr. Constanze Jecker, Hochschule Luzern• Prof. Dr. Florian Meißner, Hochschule Macromedia• M.A. Megan Neumann, Ostfalia Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften• Prof. Dr. Marc-Christian Ollrog, Ostfalia Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften• Rosanna Planer, Universität Leipzig• Prof. Dr. Lars Rademacher, Hochschule Darmstadt• Prof. Dr. Christoph Raetzsch, School of Communication and Culture• Dr. Jonas Schützeneder, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt• Prof. Dr. René Seidenglanz, Quadriga Hochschule• M.A. Hauke Serger, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar• Dr. Klaus Spachmann, Universität Hohenheim• B.A. Karoline Steinbock, Ostfalia Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften• M.A. Maike Suhr, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar• Dr. Daniel Vogel, fög – Forschungszentrum Öffentlichkeit und Gesellschaft• Prof. Dr. Stefan Weinacht, Westfälische Hochschule• Prof. Dr. Cornelia Wolf, Universität Leipzig
Journalismus von der ‚Insel‘ Nairobi: Europäische Afrikaberichterstattung aus Kenia (BestMasters)
by Hannah EichhornJournalismus – als eine der zentralen Quellen, die die Sichtweise auf die Welt prägen – berichtet über die abstrakte Größe des ‚Auslands‘. So entstammt auch ein beträchtlicher Teil unseres Wissens über ‚Afrika‘ journalistischer Produktion. In der kenianischen Hauptstadt Nairobi sind zahlreiche internationale und europäische Medieninstitutionen tätig, die (‚Subsahara‘-)Afrikaberichterstattung für lokale, aber insbesondere für Zielgruppen des globalen Nordens anbieten. Die journalistischen Produkte werden medial durch die Gesellschaften, für die sie berichten, geprägt und haben Auswirkungen auf diese. Europäische Medieninstitutionen agieren in spezifischen Organisationsstrukturen und sind an der (Re-)Produktion medialer Repräsentationen und damit einem entsprechenden Raumexport beteiligt. Europäische Afrikaberichterstattung aus Kenia lässt sich in medialen Organisationsstrukturen, Spannungsfeldern der (Re-)Präsentation, postkolonialen Themen sowie innerhalb globaler Machtverhältnisse und der ‚Glokalität‘ von Auslandsjournalismus verorten. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit den Sichtweisen von für europäische Afrikaberichterstattung tätigen Journalist*innen, die für in Nairobi ansässige Medieninstitutionen arbeiten.
The Journalist: Life and Loss in America's Secret War
by Jerry A. Rose Lucy Rose FischerJerry Rose, a young journalist and photographer in Vietnam, exposed the secret beginnings of America&’s Vietnam War in the early 1960s. Putting his life in danger, he interviewed Vietnamese villagers in a countryside riddled by a war of terror and intimidation and embedded himself with soldiers on the ground, experiences that he distilled into the first major article to be written about American troops fighting in Vietnam. His writing was acclaimed as &“war reporting that ranks with the best of Ernest Hemingway and Ernie Pyle,&” and in the years to follow, Time, The New York Times, The Reporter, New Republic, and The Saturday Evening Post regularly published his stories and photographs. In spring 1965, Jerry&’s friend and former doctor, Phan Huy Quat, became the new Prime Minister of Vietnam, and he invited Jerry to become an advisor to his government. Jerry agreed, hoping to use his deep knowledge of the country to help Vietnam. In September 1965, while on a trip to investigate corruption in the provinces of Vietnam, he died in a plane crash in Vietnam, leaving behind a treasure trove of journals, letters, stories, and a partially completed novel. The Journalist is the result of his sister, Lucy Rose Fischer, taking those writings and crafting a memoir in &“collaboration&” with her late brother—giving the term &“ghostwritten&” a whole new meaning.
Journalist (Cool On the Go Careers)
by William David ThomasHigh-interest topic to motivate reluctant readers and spark interest in career exploration; Career Fact File on job outlook, education and training, and salaries; On-the-job profiles and interviews provide an up-close look at the career; Content written at a level accessible to struggling readers; Reviewed by a reading specialist, Susan Nations, M.Ed.; Engaging sidebars support text; Glossary, sources of further information, index.
Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
by Anna Gr Ingrid Fadnes Roy KrThis book explores the relationship between the safety of journalists and self-censorship practices around the world, including local case studies and regional and international perspectives. Bringing together scholars and practitioners from around the globe, Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship provides new and updated insights into patterns of self-censorship and free speech, focusing on a variety of factors that affect these issues, including surveillance, legislation, threats, violent conflict, gender-related stereotypes, digitisation and social media. The contributions examine topics such as trauma, risk and self-censorship among journalists in different regions of the world, including Central America, Estonia, Turkey, Uganda and Pakistan. The book also provides conceptual clarity to the notion of journalist self-censorship, and explores the question of how self-censorship may be studied empirically.Combining both theoretical and practical knowledge, this collection serves as a much-needed resource for any academic, student of journalism, practicing journalist, or NGO working on issues of journalism, safety, free speech and censorship.
Journalistic Authority: Legitimating News in the Digital Era
by Matt CarlsonWhen we encounter a news story, why do we accept its version of events? Why do we even recognize it as news? A complicated set of cultural, structural, and technological relationships inform this interaction, and Journalistic Authority provides a relational theory for explaining how journalists attain authority. The book argues that authority is not a thing to be possessed or lost, but a relationship arising in the connections between those laying claim to being an authority and those who assent to it. Matt Carlson examines the practices journalists use to legitimate their work: professional orientation, development of specific news forms, and the personal narratives they circulate to support a privileged social place. He then considers journalists' relationships with the audiences, sources, technologies, and critics that shape journalistic authority in the contemporary media environment. Carlson argues that journalistic authority is always the product of complex and variable relationships. Journalistic Authority weaves together journalists’ relationships with their audiences, sources, technologies, and critics to present a new model for understanding journalism while advocating for practices we need in an age of fake news and shifting norms.
Journalistic Ethics: Moral Responsibility in the Media
by Dale JacquetteJournalistic Ethics: Moral Responsibility in the Media examines the moral rights and responsibilities of journalists to provide what Dale Jacquette calls “truth telling in the public interest.” With 31 case studies from contemporary journalistic practice, the book demonstrates the immediate practical implications of ethics for working journalists as well as for those who read or watch the news. This case-study approach is paired with a theoretical grounding, and issues include freedom of the press, censorship and withholding sensitive information for the greater public good, protection of confidential sources, journalistic respect for privacy, objectivity, perspective and bias, and editorial license and its obligations. This is a book for anyone who now works in journalism, or is considering a career as a journalist. It is also important groundwork for everyone who follows the day's events in newspapers, radio, television, or on the internet.
The Journalistic Imagination: Literary Journalists from Defoe to Capote and Carter
by Richard Keeble Sharon WheelerFocusing on the neglected journalism of writers more famous for their novels or plays, this new book explores the specific functions of journalism within the public sphere, and celebrate the literary qualities of journalism as a genre. Key features include: an international focus taking in writers from the UK, the USA and France essays featuring a range of extremely popular writers (such as Dickens, Orwell, Angela Carter, Truman Capote) and approaches them from distinctly original angles. Each chapter begins with a concise biography to help contextualise the the journalist in question and includes references and suggested further reading for students. Any student or teacher of journalism or media studies will want to add this book to their reading list.
Journalistic Metamorphosis: Media Transformation in the Digital Age (Studies in Big Data #70)
by Jorge Vázquez-Herrero Sabela Direito-Rebollal Alba Silva-Rodríguez Xosé López-GarcíaThis book aims to reflect how journalism has changed in recent years through different perspectives concerning the impact of technology, the reconfiguration of the media ecosystem, the transformation of business models, production and profession, as well as the influence of digital storytelling, mobile devices and participation within the context of glocal information.Journalism innovation implies modifications in techniques, technologies, processes, languages, formats and devices intended to enhance the production and consumption of the journalistic information.This book becomes an interesting resource for researchers and professionals working in news media to identify the best practices and discover new types of information flows in a rapidly changing news media landscape.
Journalistic Practice: Why science must tell stories (essentials)
by Martin W. AnglerScience needs to tell good stories to combat fake news and to communicate complex issues. To do this, there are proven techniques, structures, recurring patterns, and elements that no good story should be without. This essential shows why we are wired to respond to stories, how they affect our brains, and what techniques we can use to convey them to every kind of audience, from funders to toddlers.
Journalistic Practice: How Media can Implement the Topic of Migration for Young People (essentials)
by Gabriele HooffackerAdolescents want media that report in an understandable way and show backgrounds and possible solutions. This book shows how the concept of constructive journalism helps with this and how it can be used in journalism training. This springer essential is a translation of the original German 1st edition essentials, Journalistische Praxis: Konstruktiver Journalismus by Gabriele Hooffacker, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
Journalistic Practices in Restrictive Contexts: A Sociological Approach to the Case of Iran (Routledge Research in Journalism)
by Banafsheh RanjiBased on fieldwork conducted in Iran, this book discusses how it is possible for journalism to exist and function in a restrictive context. The book brings together a range of structural (macro), organizational (meso), and individual (micro) processes to analyze journalistic practice in a politically restrictive setting, a context thus far dominated by structural explanations. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s work as a starting point, Banafsheh Ranji develops an explanatory framework for how Iranian journalists navigate the daily 'minefield' of their professional environment. The analysis sheds light on the everyday reality of journalism in Iran, addressing factors that hinder journalists’ work while also showing how journalists use a set of double game strategies to simultaneously circumvent constraints and avoid retaliation. Moving beyond notions of censorship and repression that accompany discussions of journalism in such settings, the book instead focuses on how we may think of critical journalism, professionalism, and journalistic power, agency, and autonomy in restrictive contexts. Offering powerful insights into the realities of journalism in a tightly controlled environment, this book will be a key resource for scholars and students of journalism, media and communication studies, political science, sociology, Iranian studies, and Middle East studies.
Journalistic Role Performance: Concepts, Contexts, and Methods (Routledge Research in Journalism)
by Claudia Mellado Lea Hellmueller Wolfgang DonsbachThis volume lays out the theoretical and methodological framework to introduce the concept of journalistic role performance, defined as the outcome of concrete newsroom decisions and the style of news reporting when considering different constraints that influence the news product. By connecting role conception to role performance, this book addresses how journalistic ideals manifest in practice. The authors of this book analyze the disconnection between journalists’ understanding of their role and their actual professional performance in a period of high uncertainty and excitement about the future of journalism due the changes the Internet and new technologies have brought to the profession.
Journalistic Stance in Chinese and Australian Hard News
by Changpeng HuanAdopting a multi-perspective ontological approach to language in social life, this book investigates the concept of journalistic stance, defining it as a nexus of social practice rather than simply linguistic realizations. It focuses on the discursive aspect of journalistic stance in news texts to analyse the ways journalistic stances are enacted in Chinese and Australian print-media, hard-news reporting. Further, using the appraisal framework, it identifies stance markers in news texts and examines the social-institutional and (inter)personal aspects of journalistic stance on the basis of insights gained from participant observation in news institutions in order to understand news-production processes. It also highlights the articulation of news values and the exercise of symbolic power in each news-production context. This book appeals to a wide range of researchers, such as discourse analysts in the field of news discourse and other scholars whose research is relevant to stance/evaluation, and those engaged in corpus-informed studies, along with those in the field journalism and communication.