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Public Journalism 2.0: The Promise and Reality of a Citizen Engaged Press
by Jack Rosenberry Burton St JohnWhere does journalism fit in the media landscape of blogs, tweets, Facebook postings, YouTube videos, and literally billions of Web pages? Public Journalism 2.0 examines the ways that civic or public journalism is evolving, especially as audience-created content—sometimes referred to as citizen journalism or participatory journalism—becomes increasingly prominent in contemporary media. As the contributors to this edited volume demonstrate, the mere use of digital technologies is not the fundamental challenge of a new citizen-engaged journalism; rather, a depper understanding of how civic/public journalism can inform citizen-propelled initiatives is required. Through a mix of original research, essays, interviews, and case studies, this collection establishes how public journalism principles and practices offer journalists, scholars, and citizens insights into how digital technology and other contemporary practices can increase civic engagement and improve public life. Each chapter concludes with pedagogical features including: * Theoretical Implications highlighting the main theoretical lessons from each chapter, * Practical Implications applying the chapter's theoretical findings to the practice of citizen-engaged jouranlis, *Reflection Questions prompting the reader to consider how to extend the theory and application of the chapter. blogging and other participatory journalism practices enabled by digital technology are not always in line with the original vision of public journalism, which strives to report news in such a way as to promote civic engagement by its audience. Public Journalism 2.0 seeks to reinvent public journalism for the 21st century and to offer visions of how digital technology can be enlisted to promote civic involvement in the news.
Public Journalism and Public Life: Why Telling the News Is Not Enough
by Davis Buzz" MerrittThe original edition of Public Journalism and Public Life, published in 1995, was the first comprehensive argument in favor of public journalism. Designed to focus the discussion about public journalism both within and outside the profession, the book has accomplished its purpose. In the ensuing years, the debate has continued; dozens of newspapers and thousands of journalists have been experimenting with the philosophy, while others still dispute its legitimacy. This larger second edition further develops the philosophy, responds to the arguments against it, outlines how specific principles can be applied, and explains the importance of public deliberation and the role of values in public journalism. Divided into three sections, it can be used as a supplement to the first edition or as a starting point for those being newly introduced to the ideas that have been the subject of debate within the profession and among those interested and involved in civic life at all levels. Section 1 summarizes two major arguments -- why journalism and public life are inseparably bound in success or failure and why the way journalism operates in the current environment fosters failure more often than success. Section 2 looks at the evolution of the profession's culture, its impact on the author's extensive career, and how he grew to believe that substantive change is needed in journalism. Section 3 deals with the implications of public journalism philosophy -- how it requires the application of additional values to daily work, its evolution in the early years and where its current focus should be, plus various questions about the future of cyberspace.
Public-Key Cryptography – PKC 2017
by Serge FehrThe two-volume set LNCS 10174 and 10175 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th IACR International Conference on the Practice and Theory in Public-Key Cryptography, PKC 2017, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in March 2017. The 34 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 160 submissions. They are organized in topical sections such as Cryptanalysis, Protocols, Encrpytion Schemes, Leakage-Resilient and Non-Malleable Codes, Number Theory and Diffie-Hellman, Encryption with Access Control, Special Signatures, Fully Homomorphic Encryption, Real-World Schemes, Multiparty Computation and Primitives.
Public-Key Cryptography – PKC 2017
by Serge FehrThe two-volume set LNCS 10174 and 10175 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th IACR International Conference on the Practice and Theory in Public-Key Cryptography, PKC 2017, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in March 2017. The 34 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 160 submissions. They are organized in topical sections such as Cryptanalysis, Protocols, Encrpytion Schemes, Leakage-Resilient and Non-Malleable Codes, Number Theory and Diffie-Hellman, Encryption with Access Control, Special Signatures, Fully Homomorphic Encryption, Real-World Schemes, Multiparty Computation and Primitives.
Public-Key Cryptography - PKC 2016
by Bo-Yin Yang Giuseppe Persiano Kai-Min Chung Chen-Mou ChengThetwo-volume set LNCS 9614 and 9615 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19thIACR International Conference on the Practiceand Theory in Public-Key Cryptography, PKC 2016, held in Taipei, Taiwan, in March2016. The34 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 143submissions. They are organized in topical sections named: CCA security,functional encryption, identity-based encryption, signatures, cryptanalysis,leakage-resilient and circularly secure encryption, protocols, and primitives.
The Public Life of Privacy in Nineteenth-Century American Literature
by Stacey MargolisStacey Margolis rethinks a key chapter in American literary history, challenging the idea that nineteenth-century American culture was dominated by an ideology of privacy that defined subjects in terms of their intentions and desires. She reveals how writers from Nathaniel Hawthorne to Henry James depicted a world in which characters could only be understood--and, more importantly, could only understand themselves--through their public actions. She argues that the social issues that nineteenth-century novelists analyzed--including race, sexuality, the market, and the law--formed integral parts of a broader cultural shift toward understanding individuals not according to their feelings, desires, or intentions, but rather in light of the various inevitable traces they left on the world. Margolis provides readings of fiction by Hawthorne and James as well as Susan Warner, Mark Twain, Charles Chesnutt, and Pauline Hopkins. In these writers' works, she traces a distinctive novelistic tradition that viewed social developments--such as changes in political partisanship and childhood education and the rise of new politico-legal forms like negligence law--as means for understanding how individuals were shaped by their interactions with society. The Public Life of Privacy in Nineteenth-Century American Literature adds a new level of complexity to understandings of nineteenth-century American culture by illuminating a literary tradition full of accidents, mistakes, and unintended consequences--one in which feelings and desires were often overshadowed by all that was external to the self.
The Public Lives of Charlotte and Marie Stopes (Dramatic Lives #2)
by Stephanie GreenCharlotte Stopes was the first woman in Scotland to get a university qualification. She devoted her life to studying Shakespeare and the promotion of women in public life. Though Charlotte is largely forgotten, her daughter Marie is well known. Green asserts that Marie’s success can only be understood in relation to the achievements of her mother.
Public Memory in the Context of Transnational Migration and Displacement: Migrants and Monuments (Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies)
by Sabine MarschallThis book explores the border-transcending dimensions of public remembering by focussing on the triangular relationship between memory, monuments and migration. Framed by an introduction and conclusion, nine case studies located in diverse social and geo-political settings feature topical debates and contestation around monuments, statues and memorials erected by migrants or in memory of migrants, refugees and diasporas in host country societies. Written from different disciplinary perspectives including anthropology, art history, cultural studies and political science, the chapters consider displaced people as new, originally unintended audiences who bring transnational and transcultural perspectives to old monuments in host cities. In addition, migrants and diasporic communities are explored as ‘agents of memory’, who produce collective memory in tense environments of intra- and inter-group negotiation or outright hostility at the national and transnational level. The research is conceptually anchored in memory studies, notably transnational memory, multidirectional memory and other concepts emerging from memory studies’ recent ‘transcultural turn’.
The Public Opinion Process: How the People Speak (Routledge Communication Series)
by Irving CrespiWhat is public opinion? How can we best study it? This work presents a "process model" that answers these questions by defining public opinion in a way that also identifies an approach to studying it. The model serves as a framework into which the findings of empirical research are integrated, producing a comprehensive understanding of public opinion that encompasses the congeries of middle-range theories that have emerged from empirical research. The three-dimensional process model--and the way it is explicated--satisfies the diverse and sometimes divergent needs and interests of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, and communication specialists who study public opinion. This is achieved by clearly differentiating and interrelating the following: * individual opinions--the judgmental outcomes of a process in which attitudinal systems--comprised of beliefs, values/interests, and feelings--function as intervening variables that direct and structure perceptions of public issues; * collective opinions--the outcomes of communication from which mutual awareness emerges and that integrate separate individual opinions into a significant social force; and * political roles of collective and individual opinions--the outcomes of the extent to which collective and individual opinions have achieved legitimacy as the basis for governing a people. DON'T USE THIS PARAGRAPH FOR GENERAL CATALOGS... Each dimension of the model has its corresponding subprocess: transactions between individuals and their environments, communications among individuals and collectives, and political legitimation of public opinion. Since the process model is -- by definition -- interactional, none of the three dimensions has theoretical or sequential priority over the others. Instead of treating the psychological, political, and sociological aspects of public opinion as separate stages of an unidirectional process, the three aspects are modeled as dimensions of a complex, ongoing system in continuous interaction with each other. This conceptualization satisfies the need for a truly interdisciplinary theory in that it demands that each dimension be studied in terms of its defining sub-process. It also avoids the twin errors of reductionism and reification in the study of public opinion.
Public Policy Argumentation and Debate: A Practical Guide for Advocacy
by Philip Dalton John R. ButlerThrough an exclusive focus on public policy advocacy as a practical endeavor, the authors Philip Dalton and John R. Butler depart from approaches to debate education that focus on the rules of simulated, academic debate formats. Beginning with the assumption that readers have already developed a basic capacity to argue, they offer practical guidance for determining the fundamental issues that make up a controversy and what expectations public audiences will have for advocacy based on the issues and the burdens of advocates challenging or defending the status quo. Through examples that span a wide range of advocacy situations and subjects of contemporary importance, the authors build a framework for public policy advocacy that is organic to the communication discipline, recover and refresh foundational lessons about the uses of evidence, and provide critical questions that can be used to develop and communicate policy proposals that are sensible and appealing. Written in an accessible, respectful, and motivational style, the book is suitable for students of debate, professionals who function as advocates, and people who find themselves wishing to voice their opinion on an issue of concern.
Public Policy Writing That Matters
by David ChrisingerHone your public policy writing—and make a significant impact on the world.Students and professionals across a variety of disciplines need to write public policy in a manner that inspires action and genuine change. You may have amazing ideas about how to improve the world, but if you aren’t able to communicate these ideas well, they simply won’t become reality. In Public Policy Writing That Matters, communications specialist David Chrisinger argues that public policy writing is most persuasive when it tells clear, concrete stories about people doing things. Combining helpful hints and cautionary tales with writing exercises and excerpts from sample policy documents, Chrisinger teaches readers to craft concise, story-driven pieces that exceed the stylistic requirements and limitations of traditional policy writing.Too often, public policy writing is convoluted, opaque, and exclusive. Chrisinger, who teaches introductory policy writing courses around the country, offers a step-by-step guide for anyone interested in planning, organizing, developing, writing, and revising accessible public policy. From the most effective use of data visualization, the best way to write a sentence, and the ideal moment to add a compelling anecdote to advice on using facts to strengthen an argument, this little book, inspired by Strunk & White’s classic style guide, will allow anyone crafting public policy to make a bigger impact. Aimed at helping students and professionals overcome their default impulses to merely "explain," this book reveals proven, classroom-tested tips for writing sophisticated policy that is also easy to understand. This practical, concise handbook will not only aid students throughout graduate school but will also remain a reference to consult throughout their professional careers. A vital tool for any policy writer or analyst, Public Policy Writing That Matters is a book for everyone passionate about using writing to effect real and lasting change.
Public Radio and Television in America: A Political History
by Ralph EngelmanThe origins and evolution of the major insititutions in the United States for noncommercial radio and television are explored in this unique volume. Ralph Engelman examines the politics behind the development of National Public Radio, Radio Pacifica and the Public Broadcasting Service. He traces the changing social forces that converged to launch and shape these institutions from the Second World War to the present day. The book challenges several commonly held beliefs - including that the mass media is simply a manipulative tool - and concludes that public broadcasting has an enormous potential as an emancipatory vehicle.
Public Rape: Representing Violation in Fiction and Film
by Tanya HoreckSecond-wave feminism fought to end the blanket silence shrouding rape and bring it to public attention. Now feminist critics must confront a different issue. In Public Rape Tanya Horeck considers the public investment in images of rape and the figure of the raped woman. Introducing the idea of 'public rape', Horeck looks at how images of rape serve as cultural fantasies of sexual, racial and class difference. Looking at rape in real life as well as in literature and films such as The Accused and Boys Don't Cry, Horek reveals how representations of rape raise vital questions about the relationship between reality and fantasy, and between violence and spectacle
Public Relations (Medienwissen kompakt)
by Olaf HoffjannWährend Werber mit ästhetischen Spots und humorvollen Anzeigen das Publikum unterhalten, bleiben PR-PraktikerInnen im Halbdunkel der Hinterbühne. In dem Band soll diese Hinterbühne ausgeleuchtet werden. Zunächst wird erklärt, was man genau unter Public Relations verstehen kann und was sie von der Werbung unterscheidet. Pressesprecher zielen mit ihren vielfältigen Angeboten auf JournalistInnen und versuchen so, die Berichterstattung zu beeinflussen. Während manche davon ausgehen, dass sie einen Großteil der Berichterstattung kontrollieren, sehen andere eine größere Macht bei den Journalisten. Mit ihren wünschenswerten Wirklichkeiten versucht die PR, schöne und vor allem tadellose Fassaden zu errichten, die nicht immer etwas mit dem unternehmerischen Handeln hinter dieser Fassade zu tun haben müssen. Viele PR-Skandale der vergangenen Jahre zeigen, wie PR versucht hat, Verfehlungen oder Störfälle zu verharmlosen oder gar zu verheimlichen. Die Digitalisierung ermöglicht der PR ganz neue Möglichkeiten: Video-Kanäle, soziale Netzwerke und digitale Influencer sind neue Wege, die Zielgruppen zu erreichen. Und nicht selten führt dies dazu, dass etablierte JournalistInnen an den Rand gedrängt werden.
Public Relations: Competencies and Practice
by Carolyn Mae KimThe industry of public relations is rapidly evolving, requiring practitioners to have greater specialization than ever before. Hand in hand with the growth of the industry, educational programs have developed to address the growing need for quality preparation for future practitioners. Public Relations: Competencies and Practice focuses on the required competencies expected and applications of public relations into specific sectors of practice. Based on competencies identified by organizations such as the Commission on Public Relations Education and the Public Relations Society of America, Public Relations provides a robust examination of areas such as diversity, leadership, and ethics. The second part of the text focuses on these unique requirements for undergraduate and graduate students focused on entering sectors such as entertainment public relations, nonprofit public relations, or investor relations. The book also features online resources for instructors: Sample course syllabus Discussion questions Suggested midterm and final project Public Relations offers students competency- and practice-focused content from top PR experts and incorporates interviews from professionals in the field to show students how to apply competencies in specific practice sectors.
Public Relations: Critical Debates and Contemporary Practice
by Jacquie L'Etang Magda PieczkaThis new text for students and practitioners in public relations has been built on the acclaimed Critical Perspectives in Public Relations, also edited by Jacquie L'Etang and Magda Pieczka, which is no longer in print. Many of the liveliest minds on the public relations scene have contributed fresh ideas and diverse perspectives: their locatio
Public Relations and Communication Management: Current Trends and Emerging Topics (Routledge Communication Ser.)
by Krishnamurthy Sriramesh Ansgar Zerfass Jeong-Nam KimPublic Relations and Communication Management serves as a festschrift honoring the work of public relations scholars James E. Gruning and Larissa A. Grunig. Between them, the Grunigs have published 12 books and more than 330 articles, book chapters, and various academic and professional publications, and have supervised 34 doctoral dissertations and 105 master’s theses. This volume recognizes the Grunig‘s contributions to public relations scholarship over the past four decades. To honor the Grunig’s scholarship, this volume continues to expand their body of work with essays from renowned colleagues, former students, and research associates. The chapters discuss current trends in the field as well as emerging issues that drive the field forward. Sample topics include theories and future aspects of the behavioral, strategic management approach to managing public relations, and its linkages and implications to related subfields and key field issues. Contributions stimulate academic discussion and demonstrate the relevance of applied theories for the practice of public relations and communication management with up-to-date concepts, theories, and thoughts.
Public Relations and Communications: From Theory to Practice
by Aoife O'DonnellThis book provides an introduction to public relations (PR) that employs pedagogical experiential learning models to assist students in developing the skills and competencies required by the PR industry.The book takes the reader on a journey from the theory and origins of PR, through to the structure of the PR profession and the more practical elements of how PR is practiced today. It devotes attention to the common competencies necessary for success as a communications professional, such as communication skills, critical thinking skills and business acumen, while giving due focus to the rapidly evolving new technologies and media that impact how organisations communicate. Featuring example cases from around the world, each chapter includes discussion topics and scenario-based questionnaires to encourage learning and assist students in developing key competencies.This book is ideal for undergraduate PR modules, particularly those with experiential and/or blended learning pedagogical approaches. It will also be useful to those in business seeking to gain a deeper understanding of communications.Situational Judgement Tests and sample press releases, presented as online resources, also accompany the book. Please visit www.routledge.com/9781032170435.
Public Relations and Individuality: Fate, Influence and Autonomy (Routledge New Directions In Public Relations And Communication Research Ser.)
by Simon MooreOur individuality is partly shaped by encounters with the external world so it is inconceivable that we are unaffected by the planned management of public communications which manages much of our external experience. Exploring one of the most important mediators between organizations and individual encounters – public relations (PR) – is long overdue. By developing new ways to create and connect with us as members of particular target audiences, has it changed our interior existence by altering perceptions of the world outside ourselves? PR’s massive impact on groups, society or organizations is rightly explored, but its immense influence on our individuality is neglected. In an age where new media makes deepening connections to individuals, the relationship of PR to individuality is one of the field’s most profoundly important issues. This provocative book will assist scholars and advanced students in PR and communication research to develop a clear, structured, disciplined understanding of this phenomenon and its implications.
Public Relations and Online Engagement: Audiences, Fandom and Influencers (Routledge Insights in Public Relations Research)
by Amber L. Hutchins; Natalie T. J. TindallAs media continues to evolve, social media has become even more integral to public relations activities, presenting new opportunities and challenges for practitioners. Relationships between publics and organizations continue to be first and foremost, but the process and possibilities for mutually beneficial relationships are being rewritten in situ. This volume aims to explore and understand highly engaged publics in a variety of social media contexts and across networks. The hope is the expansion and extension of public relations theories and models in this book helps move the discipline forward to keep up with the practice and the media environment. Contributors analyzed a range of organizations and industries, including corporate, entertainment, government, and political movements, to consider how public relations practitioners can facilitate ethical and effective communication between parties. A consistent thread was the need for organizations and practitioners to better understand the diverse backgrounds of publics, including age, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation, beyond surface-level demographic stereotypes and assumptions. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics, and students in the field of public relations and communication, especially those with a particular interest in online engagement and social media as a PR tool.
Public Relations and Participatory Culture: Fandom, Social Media and Community Engagement (Routledge New Directions in PR & Communication Research)
by Amber Hutchins Natalie T.J. TindallWhile public relations practitioners have long focused on the relationship between organizations and their stakeholders, there has never been a time when that relationship was so dominated by public participation. The new model of multiple messages originating from multiple publics at varying levels of engagement is widely acknowledged, but not widely explored in scholarly texts. The established model of one-way communication and message control no longer exists. Social media and an increasingly participatory culture means that fans are taking a more active role in the production and co-creation of messages, communication, and meaning. These fans have significant power in the relationship dynamic between the message, the communicator, and the larger audience, yet they have not been defined using current theory and discourse. Our existing conceptions fail to identify these active and engaged publics, let alone understand virtual communities who are highly motivated to communicate with organizations and brands. This innovative and original research collection attempts to address this deficit by exploring these interactive, engaged publics, and open up the complexities of establishing and maintaining relationships in fan-created communities.
Public Relations and Religion in American History: Evangelism, Temperance, and Business (Routledge Research in Public Relations #5)
by Margot Opdycke LammeWinner of The American Journalism Historians Association Book of the Year Award, 2015 This study of American public relations history traces evangelicalism to corporate public relations via reform and the church-based temperance movement. It encompasses a leading evangelical of the Second Great Awakening, Rev. Charles Grandison Finney, and some of his predecessors; early reformers at Oberlin College, where Finney spent the second half of his life; leaders of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union and the Anti-Saloon League of America; and twentieth-century public relations pioneer Ivy Ledbetter Lee, whose work reflecting religious and business evangelism has not yet been examined. Observations about American public relations history icon P. T. Barnum, whose life and work touched on many of the themes presented here, also are included as thematic bookends. As such, this study cuts a narrow channel through a wide swath of literature and a broad sweep of historical time, from the mid-eighteenth century to the first decades of the twentieth century, to examine the deeper and deliberate strategies for effecting change, for persuading a community of adherents or opponents, or even a single soul to embrace that which an advocate intentionally presented in a particular way for a specific outcome—prescriptions, as it turned out, not only for religious conversion but also for public relations initiatives.
Public Relations and Social Theory: Key Figures, Concepts and Developments (Routledge Communication Series)
by Øyvind Ihlen Magnus FredrikssonPublic Relations and Social Theory: Key Figures, Concepts and Developments broadens the theoretical scope of public relations studies by applying the work of a group of prominent social theorists to make sense of the practice. The volume focuses on the work of key social theorists, including Max Weber, Karl Marx, John Dewey, Jürgen Habermas, Niklas Luhmann, Michel Foucault, Ulrich Beck, Pierre Bourdieu, Anthony Giddens, Robert Putnam, Erving Goffman, Peter L. Berger, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Bruno Latour, Dorothy Smith, Zygmunt Bauman, Harrison White, John W. Meyer, Luc Boltanski and Chantal Mouffe. Each chapter is devoted to an individual theorist, providing an overview of that theorist’s key concepts and contributions, and exploring how these can be applied to public relations as a practice. Each chapter also includes a box giving a short and concise presentation of the theorist, along with recommendation of key works and secondary literature.
Public Relations and Strategic Communication in 2050: Trends Shaping the Future of the Profession
by Alexander V. Laskin Karen FrebergTaking stock of the technological, political, economic, and social trends that exist today, this book extends the discussion to analyze and predict how these trends will affect the public relations and strategic communication industry of the future.This book is divided into two sections, the first addressing such key topics as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, political polarization, and misinformation, the second looking at key facets of the profession, such as media relations, crisis communication, and measurement and evaluation. Leading researchers in the discipline share their analysis of these topics while also providing theoretically based and practically relevant insights on how the industry must evolve to keep up with, and perhaps anticipate, changes in culture, society, and technology.This book will be of interest to scholars, industry professionals, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in public relations and strategic communication.
Public Relations and the Corporate Persona: The Rise of the Affinitive Organization (Routledge New Directions in PR & Communication Research)
by Burton Saint John IIIFor much of the last century, large, predominantly US corporations used public relations to demonstrate that their missions resonated with dominant societal values. Through the construction and conveyance of the "corporate persona", they aimed to convince citizens that they share common aspirations - and moreover that their corporate "soul" works as a beneficent force in society. Through examining key examples from the last 80 years, this book argues that PR, through the corporate persona, works to create a sense of shared reality between the corporation and the average citizen. This has been instrumental in conveying, across generations, that the corporation is an affinitive corporate persona - a fellow companion in the journey of life. The construct is obviously ripe for manipulation, and the role of PR in creating and promoting the corporate persona in order to align corporations and stakeholders is potentially problematic. From wage inequality to climate change, preserving the corporate status quo may be negative. This original and thought-provoking book not only critically analyses how PR and its role in the corporate persona works to solidify power, but also how that power might be used to further goals shared by the corporation and the individual. Scholars and advanced students of public relations, organizational communications and communication studies will find this book a challenging and illuminating read.